507:
549:
465:
521:
493:
479:
535:
363:") is a shrub or small tree (3–7 m or 9.8–23.0 ft) with red to orangish (or rarely yellow) flowers. This endemic species is not officially listed, but considered rare in nature. Two subspecies are recognized:
53:
in Hawaii are thought to have derived from four independent colonization events for the five endemic species (four closely related species plus the yellow-flowered species) and one each for the two indigenous species.
584:, comprises seven species described from Hawaii. Three of these are now thought to be extinct and the remaining four are listed as critically endangered or extinct in the wild. Another endemic genus,
402:, is a spreading shrub or tree common to the tropics and subtropics, especially in coastal areas. This species is possibly indigenous to Hawaii, but may have been introduced by the early
433:
that is white as snow"), is a
Hawaiian endemic, gray-barked tree, 6–10 m (20–33 ft) tall, with white flowers that fade to pink in the afternoon. Two subspecies are recognized:
963:
972:
236:
688:
150:, and the two are among the very few members of the genus with fragrant flowers. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental or crossed with
243:
of Hawaii on 6 June 1988, and although endangered in its natural habitats, has become a moderately popular ornamental in
Hawaiian yards.
861:
820:
763:
890:
804:
289:
845:
506:
1776:
208:
548:
90:
that is white like the shine of silver") is an endemic species of hibiscus with white flowers. Three subspecies are recognized:
956:
934:
918:
372:
271:
204:
143:
139:
1712:
733:
726:
898:
1781:
680:
464:
240:
1686:
1636:
949:
189:") is a tall shrub (up to 10 m or 33 ft) with bright yellow flowers, closely related to the widespread
1692:
1040:
520:
1666:
1580:
609:
1554:
1533:
1476:
710:
191:
167:
1706:
1606:
1444:
1439:
994:
1460:
478:
1646:
1569:
1465:
1347:
1219:
1150:
1108:
783:
637:
621:
283:
185:
72:
1286:
705:
534:
492:
375:
on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and possibly Hawaii at elevations of 70–800 m (230–2,620 ft); and
1676:
1632:
1616:
1596:
1538:
1492:
1362:
1050:
1010:
647:
626:
615:
417:
388:
347:
275:
232:
231:, a tree from dry habitats on Kauai and the Waianae Range on Oahu. This species is listed as an
1771:
1337:
1204:
989:
684:
655:
155:
1507:
1502:
1413:
1394:
1357:
1194:
1065:
1060:
411:
127:
35:
31:
1245:
902:
306:
220:
926:
910:
824:
641:, uncommon but found in dry places on all the main islands except Hawaii. The widespread
293:
is a pink-flowered hibiscus considered an indigenous species, typically found in low and
865:
747:
1672:
1626:
1529:
1429:
1408:
1404:
1270:
1255:
1184:
1124:
1091:
580:
341:
248:
1765:
1656:
1642:
1523:
1378:
1353:
1251:
1235:
1160:
941:
635:
spp.), whose bright yellow flowers are certainly hibiscus-like, include one endemic:
586:
450:
394:
310:
99:
1716:
1564:
1550:
1519:
1498:
1425:
254:
1702:
1292:
1056:
262:
is an endemic shrub or small tree with bright red flowers, generally similar to
258:
1384:
1374:
1327:
1036:
453:
and some western to southern valleys on Kauai. This species closely resembles
570:
listed above, flowers of several other related
Hawaiian plants of the family
1652:
1560:
1317:
1301:
1282:
1210:
1164:
1096:
631:
571:
441:(rare and listed as endangered) found in northwestern valleys of Kauai, and
403:
383:
from northwestern Kauai at elevations of 150–890 m (490–2,920 ft).
298:
1696:
1622:
1456:
1333:
1313:
1296:
1261:
1241:
1214:
1200:
1156:
1077:
1046:
1026:
603:
78:
63:
23:
1662:
1612:
1323:
1170:
1087:
1020:
1016:
985:
595:
302:
212:
211:
at elevations of 400–2,600 ft (120–790 m) above sea level on
115:
30:. The yellow hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower. Most commonly grown as
1488:
1343:
1190:
1136:
1113:
1006:
27:
1592:
1388:
1265:
1231:
1174:
1146:
1081:
1030:
294:
267:
216:
1682:
1602:
1435:
1398:
1180:
330:
103:
945:
675:
Wagner, Djamal news W.L.; Herbst, D.R.; Sohmer, S.H. (1999).
578:
flowers, although are generally smaller. The endemic genus,
651:) is an indigenous tree with yellow and maroon flowers.
239:. The yellow flower of this species was made the
725:Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989).
601:Three endemic species of the pantropical genus,
590:, comprises four species of trees. All but one (
203:, a sprawling shrub to an erect tree found in
42:) and its numerous hybrids, though the native
957:
114:which is very rare (listed as endangered) on
8:
34:in the Hawaiian Islands are the non-native
964:
950:
942:
931:Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database
915:Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database
677:Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
727:"Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo, native white hibiscus"
130:on Oahu. Perhaps only a dozen plants of
667:
460:
679:(Revised ed.). Honolulu, Hawaii:
658:which is widely found in Hawaii, too.
146:. This species is closely related to
654:South Korea's national flower is the
158:, the white hibiscus is known as the
7:
313:, and Hawaii, where it is known as
1749:, beautification and conservation
973:State flowers of the United States
862:National Tropical Botanical Garden
821:National Tropical Botanical Garden
764:National Tropical Botanical Garden
14:
195:. Two subspecies are recognized:
704:Barboza, Rick omg (2003-01-03).
547:
533:
519:
505:
491:
477:
463:
598:or nearly extinct in the wild.
457:in a number of characteristics.
49:The native plants in the genus
566:In addition to the species of
1:
1287:Pink and white lady's slipper
935:University of Hawaii at Mānoa
919:University of Hawaii at Mānoa
899:Kapiʻolani Community College
734:United States Forest Service
1798:
1737:, state children's flower
1236:White pine cone and tassel
786:. NETSTATE.COM. 2009-09-28
681:University of Hawaii Press
1726:
1687:Bougainvillea spectabilis
979:
266:, and found in nature on
46:is occasionally planted.
1051:Rocky Mountain columbine
911:"Hibiscus brackenridgei"
1777:Endemic flora of Hawaii
594:) are listed as either
1743:, state floral emblem
1021:Saguaro cactus blossom
927:"Hibiscus arnottianus"
895:Native Hawaiian Plants
750:Hibiscus brackenridgei
711:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
485:Hibiscus brackenridgei
168:Hibiscus brackenridgei
40:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
784:"Hawaii State Flower"
241:official state flower
66:found in Hawaii are:
22:are seven species of
1581:Tennessee coneflower
1570:Purple passionflower
1508:Penngift crown vetch
1445:Large white trillium
1151:Syringa, mock orange
625:; all are listed as
513:Hibiscus furcellatus
471:Hibiscus arnottianus
284:Hibiscus furcellatus
73:Hibiscus arnottianus
44:Hibiscus arnottianus
1731:: state wildflower
1363:Pink lady's slipper
138:exist in nature in
1637:Coast rhododendron
995:Oak-leaf hydrangea
706:"Kokiʻo Keʻo Keʻo"
648:Thespesia populnea
541:Hibiscus tiliaceus
389:Hibiscus tiliaceus
274:. It is listed as
233:endangered species
1782:Symbols of Hawaii
1759:
1758:
1667:Indian paintbrush
1440:Scarlet carnation
1430:Wild prairie rose
1409:Flowering dogwood
1185:Wild prairie rose
1141:Hawaiian hibiscus
690:978-0-8248-2166-1
656:Hibiscus syriacus
629:. Cotton plants (
610:A. eremitopetalum
607:occur in Hawaii:
449:occurring in the
420:
397:
350:
292:
261:
174:
156:Hawaiian language
81:
32:ornamental plants
20:Hawaiian hibiscus
1789:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1627:American dogwood
1588:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1546:
1545:
1534:Yellow jessamine
1515:
1514:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1452:
1451:
1421:
1420:
1370:
1369:
1309:
1308:
1278:
1277:
1246:Black-eyed susan
1227:
1226:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1104:
1103:
1073:
1072:
1066:Mirabilis jalapa
1041:California poppy
1002:
1001:
966:
959:
952:
943:
938:
922:
906:
901:. Archived from
877:
876:
874:
873:
864:. Archived from
842:
836:
835:
833:
832:
823:. Archived from
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
744:
738:
737:
731:
722:
716:
715:
701:
695:
694:
672:
555:Hibiscus waimeae
551:
537:
523:
509:
495:
481:
467:
416:
412:Hibiscus waimeae
393:
371:found in dry to
346:
288:
253:
221:island of Hawaii
219:, Maui, and the
183:most similar to
172:
152:H. rosa-sinensis
77:
36:Chinese hibiscus
16:Species of plant
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1677:Paogo (Ulafala)
1585:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1543:
1542:
1512:
1511:
1503:Mountain laurel
1481:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1449:
1448:
1418:
1417:
1367:
1366:
1306:
1305:
1275:
1274:
1271:Dwarf lake iris
1224:
1223:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1070:
1069:
1061:Mountain laurel
999:
998:
975:
970:
925:
909:
889:
886:
881:
880:
871:
869:
858:Meet the Plants
844:
843:
839:
830:
828:
817:Meet the Plants
803:
802:
798:
789:
787:
782:
781:
777:
768:
766:
760:Meet the Plants
746:
745:
741:
729:
724:
723:
719:
703:
702:
698:
691:
674:
673:
669:
664:
564:
562:Other Malvaceae
557:
552:
543:
538:
529:
524:
515:
510:
501:
496:
487:
482:
473:
468:
423:kokiʻo keʻokeʻo
84:kokiʻo keʻokeʻo
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1597:Bluebonnet sp.
1589:
1557:
1547:
1526:
1516:
1495:
1485:
1466:Indian blanket
1453:
1432:
1422:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1289:
1279:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1220:Louisiana iris
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1105:
1092:Orange blossom
1084:
1074:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
981:
980:
977:
976:
971:
969:
968:
961:
954:
946:
940:
939:
923:
907:
905:on 2009-08-18.
885:
884:External links
882:
879:
878:
852:saintjohnianus
848:Hibiscus kokio
837:
807:Hibiscus kokio
796:
775:
739:
717:
696:
689:
666:
665:
663:
660:
622:A. sandwicense
581:Hibiscadelphus
563:
560:
559:
558:
553:
546:
544:
539:
532:
530:
527:Hibiscus kokio
525:
518:
516:
511:
504:
502:
499:Hibiscus clayi
497:
490:
488:
483:
476:
474:
469:
462:
459:
458:
455:H. arnottianus
407:
384:
381:saintjohnianus
342:Hibiscus kokio
337:
279:
249:Hibiscus clayi
244:
209:low shrublands
192:H. divaricatus
163:
92:H. arnottianus
59:
58:Native species
56:
15:
13:
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9:
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1555:Pasque flower
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1500:
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1461:Oklahoma rose
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1446:
1441:
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1437:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
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1414:Carolina lily
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1298:
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1266:Apple blossom
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1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1125:Cherokee rose
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1082:Peach blossom
1080:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:Apple blossom
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:Forget-me-not
1009:
1008:
1004:
997:
996:
991:
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983:
982:
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974:
967:
962:
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932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:
883:
868:on 2009-08-19
867:
863:
859:
855:
853:
849:
841:
838:
827:on 2009-08-19
826:
822:
818:
814:
812:
808:
800:
797:
785:
779:
776:
765:
761:
757:
755:
754:brackenridgei
751:
743:
740:
735:
728:
721:
718:
713:
712:
707:
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692:
686:
682:
678:
671:
668:
661:
659:
657:
652:
650:
649:
644:
640:
639:
638:G. tomentosum
634:
633:
628:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
611:
606:
605:
599:
597:
593:
592:K. kauaiensis
589:
588:
583:
582:
577:
573:
569:
561:
556:
550:
545:
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536:
531:
528:
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514:
508:
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461:
456:
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451:Waimea Canyon
448:
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428:
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311:South America
308:
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297:areas of the
296:
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251:
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214:
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202:
201:brackenridgei
198:
194:
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188:
187:
182:
178:
177:maʻo hau hele
171:
170:
169:
164:
161:
157:
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149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:Koʻolau Range
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:Waianae Range
98:found in the
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
75:
74:
69:
68:
67:
65:
57:
55:
52:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1728:
1717:Yellow elder
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1647:Rhododendron
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1579:
1568:
1559:
1549:
1537:
1528:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1493:Oregon grape
1487:
1475:
1464:
1455:
1443:
1434:
1424:
1412:
1403:
1393:
1389:Yucca flower
1383:
1373:
1361:
1358:Purple lilac
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1269:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1123:
1112:
1107:
1095:
1086:
1076:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
993:
984:
930:
914:
903:the original
894:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
857:
851:
847:
840:
829:. Retrieved
825:the original
816:
810:
806:
799:
788:. Retrieved
778:
767:. Retrieved
759:
753:
749:
742:
720:
709:
699:
676:
670:
653:
646:
642:
636:
630:
620:
616:A. menziesii
614:
608:
602:
600:
591:
585:
579:
575:
567:
565:
554:
540:
526:
512:
498:
484:
470:
454:
446:
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430:
426:
422:
410:
409:
399:
387:
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380:
376:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
340:
339:
333:
327:hau hele wai
326:
322:
318:
314:
282:
281:
263:
247:
246:
228:
224:
200:
196:
190:
184:
180:
176:
166:
165:
159:
151:
147:
135:
131:
124:punaluuensis
123:
119:
111:
107:
95:
91:
87:
83:
71:
70:
61:
50:
48:
43:
39:
19:
18:
1697:Flores mayo
1657:Wood violet
404:Polynesians
373:wet forests
357:kokiʻo ʻula
329:("entirely
272:dry forests
229:mokuleianus
205:dry forests
144:wet forests
136:immaculatus
112:immaculatus
102:of western
96:arnottianus
62:The native
1766:Categories
1617:Red clover
1328:Bitterroot
872:2009-03-11
831:2009-03-11
790:2009-10-30
769:2009-03-11
662:References
627:endangered
435:H. waimeae
427:kokiʻo kea
276:endangered
160:pua aloalo
154:. In the
148:H. waimeae
26:native to
1607:Sego lily
1539:Goldenrod
1477:Mistletoe
1348:Sagebrush
1338:Goldenrod
1256:Mayflower
1205:Goldenrod
1195:Sunflower
632:Gossypium
574:resemble
572:Malvaceae
319:ʻakiahala
315:ʻakiohala
299:Caribbean
278:by USFWS.
126:from the
1772:Hibiscus
1318:Hawthorn
1302:Tickseed
1297:Magnolia
1215:Magnolia
1165:Milkweed
1097:Tickseed
990:Camellia
891:"Kokiʻo"
604:Abutilon
576:Hibiscus
568:Hibiscus
439:hannerae
418:A.Heller
365:H. kokio
348:Hillebr.
323:hau hele
264:H. kokio
175:–
82:–
64:hibiscus
51:Hibiscus
24:hibiscus
1729:Italics
850:subsp.
809:subsp.
752:subsp.
596:extinct
447:waimeae
307:Central
303:Florida
235:by the
213:Molokai
116:Molokai
1524:Violet
1379:Violet
1161:Violet
1114:Azalea
687:
619:, and
431:kokiʻo
361:kokiʻo
359:("red
353:kokiʻo
325:, and
295:marshy
259:I.Deg.
257:&
255:O.Deg.
223:; and
173:A.Gray
118:; and
88:kokiʻo
79:A.Gray
28:Hawaii
1175:Peony
811:kokio
730:(PDF)
587:Kokia
445:ssp.
443:H. w.
437:ssp.
379:ssp.
377:H. k.
369:kokio
367:ssp.
290:Desr.
268:Kauai
237:USFWS
227:ssp.
225:H. b.
217:Lanai
199:ssp.
197:H. b.
140:mesic
134:ssp.
132:H. a.
122:ssp.
120:H. a.
110:ssp.
108:H. a.
94:ssp.
1707:Maga
1565:Iris
1399:Rose
685:ISBN
643:milo
331:puce
309:and
207:and
186:maʻo
142:and
104:Oahu
425:or
400:hau
355:or
336:").
334:hau
270:in
181:hau
1768::
1752:BC
1746:FE
1740:CH
1734:WF
1713:VI
1703:PR
1693:MP
1683:GU
1673:AS
1663:WY
1653:WI
1643:WV
1633:WA
1623:VA
1613:VT
1603:UT
1593:TX
1586:WF
1578:,
1575:WF
1567:,
1561:TN
1551:SD
1544:WF
1536:,
1530:SC
1520:RI
1513:BC
1505:,
1499:PA
1489:OR
1482:FE
1474:,
1471:WF
1463:,
1457:OK
1450:WF
1442:,
1436:OH
1426:ND
1419:WF
1411:,
1405:NC
1395:NY
1385:NM
1375:NJ
1368:WF
1360:,
1354:NH
1344:NV
1334:NE
1324:MT
1314:MO
1307:WF
1299:,
1293:MS
1283:MN
1276:WF
1268:,
1262:MI
1252:MA
1242:MD
1232:ME
1225:WF
1217:,
1211:LA
1201:KY
1191:KS
1181:IA
1171:IN
1163:,
1157:IL
1147:ID
1137:HI
1130:FE
1122:,
1119:WF
1109:GA
1102:WF
1094:,
1088:FL
1078:DE
1071:CH
1063:,
1057:CT
1047:CO
1037:CA
1027:AR
1017:AZ
1007:AK
1000:WF
992:,
986:AL
933:.
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