321:. The main gas pipe on the leading coach was broken off in the impact, and the entire contents of the pressurised gas cylinders escaped in under two minutes. The gas then ignited in a single flash. Driver Bath had been injured in the leg but made his way on foot to the Ais Gill signal box a mile and a half north to summon help. The signalman there, Benjamin Bellas, sent another light engine under driver John William Judd, with Bath, along the up line. Judd attempted to put out the fire by bucketing water from his tender. Another light engine had been sent from Hawes Junction and its crew tried to drag the rear coaches away from the fire but could move only the brake vans at the rear of the train. The six leading coaches were immovable. The engine crews and the express train's guards, the sleeping car attendants, some platelayers from a hut a short distance up the line and a shepherd whose home was nearby tried desperately to rescue the trapped passengers but were eventually driven back by thick smoke. Because a strong wind was fanning the flames, the fire could not be extinguished and all six coaches were burned out.
314:
emerged from the tunnel. He opened his regulator and whistle. At the same time, driver
Oldcorn on the leading engine of the express saw the red tail light on Bath's tender and applied the express's continuous brake. Driver Oldcorn estimated that the distance between the speeding express and the light engine was only 6 yards (5.5 m), so neither measure had time to take effect, and the express struck the light engines from behind. Bath's locomotive was derailed and lost its front bogie, but his and Scott's locomotives carried on for over 200 yards (180 m) before Bath's locomotive came to rest against the side of a cutting. The two locomotives of the express were also derailed, and the coaches piled up behind them. The first two coaches were badly telescoped, and the twelve passengers who died were in these two coaches.
348:
Sutton refused to believe him until he had checked his train register, and then telephoned signalman Bellas at
Aisgill to ask whether the two light engines had gone through. Bellas replied that none had been offered to him; nor had the St. Pancras-Glasgow express passed. Sutton had apparently been under the mistaken impression that he had despatched the two light engines to Carlisle some time earlier. By this time, the glare of the fire to the north was visible. Simpson, the signalman sent to relieve Sutton, then arrived for his shift, whereupon Sutton asked him to "go to Bunce and tell him I am afraid I have wrecked the Scotch Express".
42:
375:, which was created to remind signalmen in this situation. Under this rule, they should have sounded their engine whistles on coming to a stop, and when the signal was not cleared they should have sent one of their firemen to the signal box to remind the signalman personally. In 1910, the time after which this should be done was not specified, but was generally accepted to be two or three minutes. The engines were actually detained for twenty minutes.
236:. They were still waiting there when the signalman set the road for the down Scotch express. When the signal cleared, the light engines set off in front of the express into the same block section. Since the light engines were travelling at low speed from a stand at Hawes Junction, and the following express was travelling at high speed, a collision was inevitable. The express caught the light engines just after Moorcock Tunnel near Aisgill summit in
297:
2771:
1475:
2766:
1470:
387:
engines onto the down line and accepting the express, the signalman had to deal with two up goods trains and several up light engines, movements which would require all his concentration to avoid delay, and make it easy to forget about the down line. The accident also occurred near the end of Sutton's 10-hour shift, which would make a lapse of memory easier.
399:
most
British railway companies were slow to install them. The high level of traffic movements made Hawes Junction a prime location for the use of reminder appliances. The Board of Trade accident report unequivocally recommended this, and the Midland Railway rapidly complied both here and at 900 other locations on their network.
382:
Scott and Bath stated that they had sounded their whistles as they moved off, and this was confirmed by
Tempest. Sutton had not been alerted by this, probably because the two locomotives were halted at the advanced starting signal 270 yards (250 m) from the signal box rather than the much closer
383:
home signal, driving rain was being blown against the windows of the box, making it hard to hear sounds outside, and other engines were moving around the station and yard at the same time, so that Sutton would not have attached any particular significance to a train whistle from some distance away.
347:
George
Tempest, the driver of another light engine waiting at Hawes Junction to return south to Leeds, witnessed Scott's and Bath's engines depart followed closely by the express. After he and his fireman heard the whistle of Bath's locomotive, he went to the signalbox and related what he had seen.
313:
The two light engines were running at only an easy 25 miles per hour (40 km/h). They had cleared
Moorcock tunnel just over a mile north of Hawes Junction and were running across the Lunds viaduct 500 yards (460 m) north of the tunnel when driver Bath glanced back and saw the express as it
271:
to climb the "big hump" to Ais Gill summit. At Ais Gill summit the pilot engines were uncoupled and ran on the up (southbound, towards London) line to Hawes
Junction, where there was a turntable accessed from the up main line via a trailing slip or from the back platform line (a loop line alongside
398:
had been installed to detect the presence of a train (or in this case the light engines) on the main lines, and interlocking with the signals would have prevented them being cleared by the signalman. Track circuits had been invented in the 1870s and had proved to be very successful; unfortunately
304:
Sutton had been busy handling two express up goods and trying to dispatch three light engines to the south between them. At 5.39, Sutton was offered the midnight sleeping car express, St.Pancras-Glasgow, which he offered forward to Ais Gill. It was accepted at once and at 5:44 he pulled all his
402:
Since the outbreak of the fire and its intensity was undoubtedly caused by escaping gas from the
Pintsch lighting system, the report recommended measures such as automatic shut-off valves and safer placement of cylinders. However, Pringle recommended that electricity be adopted as the universal
309:
No. 48 and rebuilt Class 2 No. 549, under drivers
Richard Johnston Oldcorn and Henry Wadeson. It was running sixteen minutes late due to signal and other delays at Leeds and Skipton, but was running at 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) and accelerating before making the final ascent to Ais Gill.
292:
Nos. 448 and 548, under drivers Edwin Scott and George
William Bath) had been turned and coupled together, and were waiting on the "lie-bye" road alongside the down (northbound, away from London) line. After a down special express passed, Sutton signalled them onto the down main line where they
390:
Many railways had adopted reminder appliances, simple mechanical collars that the signalmen were required to place on signal levers to remind them that trains were stopped at signals, as a back-up to prevent them clearing the signals by mistake. The Midland Railway had not adopted these simple
386:
The issue arose of whether the signalman was overworked. The large number of light engine movements would naturally increase the total amount of traffic at Hawes Junction, but Pringle's report specifically rejected the assertion that overwork was a factor. However, between moving the two light
368:, who opened a private court of investigation initially operating from the waiting room at Hawes Junction station. He naturally judged that Sutton's admitted mistake was the primary cause of the accident, but made a number of observations on the conduct of others and several recommendations.
247:(over-riding) of the timber-bodied coaches, and by fire which broke out in the coaches, fed by the gas for the coaches' lights leaking from ruptured pipes. Twelve people lost their lives as a result of this accident, some of whom were trapped in the wreckage and were burned to death.
343:
The immediate cause of the accident was that signalman Sutton forgot that he had moved the two light engines to the down line, waiting there to proceed to Carlisle. He later improperly cleared the down line signals without ascertaining that the line was clear.
305:
signals "off" i.e. set them to clear. Scott and Bath briefly "popped" their whistles and set off. Barely two minutes later the express passed through. It consisted of four timber-bodied coaches, two sleeping cars and two brake vans, hauled by "Kirtley"
1509:
287:
Sutton at Hawes Junction had to deal with nine light engines and a heavy load of scheduled traffic and some unscheduled special trains as part of the holiday traffic. At 5:20 am, the last two northbound light engines (rebuilt
1502:
2774:
2770:
993:
Railway accidents. Report by Major Pringle, R.E., on the fatal collision that occurred on the 24th December, 1910, between an express passenger train and two light engines near Hawes junction on the Midland
2765:
2761:
1495:
293:
halted at the advance starting signal, waiting for the express to clear Aisgill. Normally, this took between four and six minutes. However, Scott and Bath were still waiting twenty minutes later.
689:, Tuesday 27 December 1910, p. 5 – Pathetic Scenes at Hawes Junction During Inquest on Victims of Express Disaster (report) - Clackmannan Gentleman’s Providential Escape (retrieved 8 August 2017)
2818:
2823:
335:
and his son John Jr, were thought to have been passengers on the train but were discovered safe two days after the accident having not caught the train in Manchester as they had intended.
880:
2793:
1068:
Mallerstang Section of the Settle-Carlisle line: including a commemoration (and the names) of all those who died during its construction, and in all the subsequent crashes
1094:
2399:
2803:
2628:
1518:
188:
272:
the up main line which served the branch line to Hawes). Having been turned, light engines were usually coupled together to return to their depots (usually
1291:
267:, who owned and operated the line, had a policy of using small engines only, and many trains (both northbound and southbound) required assistance from
83:
2634:
1923:
1917:
2828:
1804:
1780:
1087:
357:
2450:
2283:
1373:
2798:
1843:
448:
1955:
1620:
1021:
981:
959:
708:
543:
2622:
2411:
2381:
2375:
2173:
2152:
2018:
1878:
1608:
1602:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1080:
2593:
2203:
1896:
1786:
1469:
2730:
2658:
2307:
2289:
2167:
2090:
1649:
1539:
1256:
1122:
757:
2833:
2295:
1872:
1768:
1587:
1326:
289:
2724:
1751:
1745:
1721:
1396:
1309:
1262:
1221:
403:
method for lighting coaches, although he allowed that it would take many years for such a change to take effect fully.
2813:
2682:
2640:
2599:
2578:
2393:
2319:
2179:
2084:
1884:
1685:
1679:
1661:
1643:
1566:
1239:
1175:
2646:
2527:
2509:
2387:
2134:
2054:
2042:
1991:
1982:
1964:
1849:
1822:
1810:
1739:
1703:
1691:
1667:
1487:
1402:
1379:
1367:
1297:
1285:
1204:
1152:
1146:
1140:
2736:
2670:
2652:
2587:
2515:
2497:
2456:
2444:
2358:
2346:
2271:
2265:
2140:
2128:
2060:
2009:
1940:
1908:
1902:
1626:
1572:
1420:
1408:
1227:
221:
71:
46:
Lunds Viaduct; the accident happened just after the viaduct. Moorcock Tunnel is on the extreme right of the image
2808:
2706:
2694:
2616:
2563:
2224:
2066:
1816:
1774:
1727:
1614:
1545:
1303:
1233:
1128:
418:
371:
Pringle considered that drivers Scott and Bath were also at fault for failing to carry out the requirements of
205:
41:
2438:
2432:
2331:
1792:
1551:
412:
244:
2712:
2539:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2325:
2259:
1997:
1973:
1697:
1673:
1581:
1332:
1279:
1134:
201:
2688:
2551:
2521:
2503:
2301:
2253:
2230:
2197:
2024:
1837:
1828:
1596:
1443:
1361:
1181:
332:
2569:
2491:
2313:
2161:
2033:
1533:
1426:
1414:
1355:
365:
126:
2718:
2664:
2426:
2417:
2215:
2146:
2003:
1715:
1198:
585:
325:
260:
217:
421:– a bereaved and overtired signalman fell asleep, forgetting about a train waiting at his signals.
2700:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2277:
2105:
2075:
1890:
424:
1057:
2676:
2405:
2352:
2247:
2191:
2185:
2099:
1855:
1798:
1560:
1449:
1017:
997:
977:
955:
938:
825:
790:
753:
704:
669:
646:
593:
564:
539:
277:
233:
356:
Since the earliest days of public railways in the UK, railway accidents were investigated by
17:
2340:
1733:
1349:
1038:
284:
881:"The 1910 train error which killed 12 people sees historic signal box given special status"
328:. The Board of Trade Inquiry into the crash commenced on 27 December 1910 in the same inn.
361:
300:
Hawes Junction station, looking north. The signal box is on the down (northbound) platform
264:
213:
136:
1946:
395:
318:
296:
268:
228:), England. It was caused when a busy signalman, Alfred Sutton, forgot about a pair of
2787:
1067:
701:
Britain's railway disasters : fatal accidents from the 1830s to the present day
364:. In the case of the Hawes Junction collision, the investigating officer was Major
229:
1072:
2122:
1039:"Accident Returns: Extract for Accident at Hawes Junction on 24th December 1910"
664:
Sedgwick, Phillip (27 December 2019). "Personal link to rail tragedy revealed".
237:
1001:
969:
2754:
indicates railway accidents and incidents resulting in at least 20 fatalities
942:
829:
794:
673:
597:
568:
98:
85:
2209:
650:
376:
232:
waiting at his down (northbound) starting signal to return to their shed at
317:
Except for two electrically lit sleeping cars, the coaches were lit by the
379:
states that ten minutes was allowed, but does not give a source for this.
255:
Hawes Junction station was approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of
2048:
1009:
536:
The Leeds, Settle & Carlisle Railway; the Midland Route to Scotland
372:
256:
225:
209:
415:– also involved a signalman forgetting about a train on the main line.
933:
Barnes, E. G. (February 1971). "Disaster at Hawes Junction".
306:
295:
273:
1491:
1076:
2759:
indicates the deadliest railway accident in British history
427:– signalman and booking boy forgot about train on main line.
609:
607:
588:, ed. (26 December 1910). "The Express Driver's Story".
484:
482:
1292:
St. Croix, New Brunswick, Canada / Vanceboro, Maine, US
200:
occurred at 5.49 am on 24 December 1910, just north of
624:
622:
514:
512:
1519:
Railway accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom
499:
497:
2609:
2466:
2368:
2240:
2115:
1933:
1865:
1761:
1636:
1526:
1436:
1389:
1342:
1319:
1272:
1249:
1214:
1191:
1168:
1115:
1108:
179:
171:
163:
155:
150:
142:
132:
122:
114:
77:
66:
56:
51:
34:
360:, an independent body of experts, mostly from the
2819:Accidents and incidents involving Midland Railway
703:. Barnsley: Wharncliffe Transport. p. 146.
645:. No. 20, 104. 13 January 1911. p. 8.
324:The bodies of the dead were taken to the nearby
259:summit, the highest point on the steeply graded
789:. No. 39466. 27 December 1910. p. 8.
563:. No. 39481. 13 January 1911. p. 7.
2824:Railway accidents caused by signaller's error
1503:
1088:
8:
2794:Railway accidents and incidents in Yorkshire
937:. Vol. 117, no. 838. London: IPC.
824:. No. 39545. 29 March 1911. p. 6.
952:An illustrated History of Trains in Trouble
449:"The wrecking of the Christmas Eve express"
1510:
1496:
1488:
1112:
1095:
1081:
1073:
394:The accident would have been prevented if
40:
31:
613:
488:
916:
904:
866:
854:
807:
772:
592:. No. 39465. Column C. p. 8.
437:
518:
473:
1141:Rogers Pass, British Columbia, Canada
7:
2804:1910 disasters in the United Kingdom
1159:Aisgill summit, Westmorland, England
842:
735:
723:
628:
580:
578:
529:
527:
503:
443:
441:
283:In the hour preceding the accident,
208:(now known as Garsdale station) and
1222:Guyandotte River, West Virginia, US
1064:historic railway disasters website.
1257:Exeter, New South Wales, Australia
1060:– description of the crash on the
358:Her Majesty's Railway Inspectorate
243:Casualties were made worse by the
25:
1374:Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, France
954:. Atlantic Transport Publishers.
752:. London: MacMillan. p. 37.
559:"The Scottish Express Disaster".
538:. Halifax: Bairstow. p. 62.
189:List of UK rail accidents by year
2769:
2764:
1473:
1468:
668:. No. 52–2019. p. 28.
240:and was almost wholly derailed.
27:Railway crash in England in 1910
1240:Ais Gill, Westmoreland, England
976:(4th ed.). Ian Allan Ltd.
879:Murphy, Tom (4 December 2013).
666:Darlington & Stockton Times
1397:Little Salkeld, United Kingdom
1103:Railway accidents in the 1910s
1:
2829:Train and rapid transit fires
290:Midland Railway Class 2 4-4-0
18:Hawes Junction train disaster
1380:Shepherdsville, Kentucky, US
996:. London: House of Commons.
991:Pringle, J. W. (1911).
820:"Hawes Junction Disaster".
352:Railway Inspectorate Report
2850:
1310:St Bedes Junction, England
1135:Wellington, Washington, US
974:Historic Railway Disasters
641:"Hawes railway disaster".
2799:Railway accidents in 1910
2749:
2629:Victoria & Paddington
2400:King's Cross & Euston
1463:
1327:Boston, Massachusetts, US
534:Bairstow, Martin (1994).
222:North Riding of Yorkshire
198:Hawes Junction rail crash
187:
72:North Riding of Yorkshire
39:
35:Hawes Junction rail crash
1205:Ditton Junction, England
785:"The Express Accident".
750:Derail: why trains crash
748:Faith, Nicholas (2000).
419:Thirsk rail crash (1892)
70:North of Lunds Viaduct,
2153:Harrow & Wealdstone
1805:Parkgate & Rawmarsh
1409:Nashville, Tennessee US
1362:Houten, the Netherlands
1182:Indianola, Nebraska, US
950:Earnshaw, Alan (1996).
885:The Westmorland Gazette
699:Foley, Michael (2013).
413:Quintinshill rail crash
2451:Paisley Gilmour Street
1427:Brooklyn, New York, US
1298:Quintinshill, Scotland
1153:Novato, California, US
1147:Spring Creek, Iowa, US
1129:Nairn, Ontario, Canada
319:Pintsch oil gas system
301:
2290:Knowle & Dorridge
2254:Severn Railway Bridge
1781:Birmingham New Street
1199:Corning, New York, US
333:John Francon Williams
299:
2834:December 1910 events
1844:Glasgow Queen Street
1403:Hammond, Indiana, US
1333:Herceghalom, Hungary
1263:Carrbridge, Scotland
935:The Railway Magazine
586:Buckle, George Earle
366:John Wallace Pringle
127:Settle-Carlisle line
2284:Coppenhall Junction
2168:Irk Valley Junction
2085:Manchester Victoria
1350:Edinburgh, Scotland
1286:Guadalajara, Mexico
1058:A Christmas Tragedy
261:Settle and Carlisle
218:Settle and Carlisle
95: /
2814:1910s in Yorkshire
2376:Audenshaw Junction
2210:Chapel-en-le-Frith
2204:Welwyn Garden City
2106:Penmanshiel Tunnel
1897:Welwyn Garden City
1444:Vigerslev, Denmark
1415:Weesp, Netherlands
1176:Hopkinstown, Wales
726:, p. 202–203.
687:The Dundee Courier
425:Winwick rail crash
302:
99:54.3395°N 2.3258°W
2781:
2780:
2725:Spa Road Junction
2594:Glasgow Bellgrove
2100:Stockport Viaduct
1956:Norton Fitzwarren
1856:Combe Down Tunnel
1722:St Bedes Junction
1485:
1484:
1459:
1458:
1234:Bramming, Denmark
1228:Chumhill, England
1109:Location and date
455:. 9 December 2010
453:The Northern Echo
407:Similar accidents
220:main line in the
194:
193:
60:24 December 1910
16:(Redirected from
2841:
2773:
2768:
2579:Clapham Junction
2412:Watford Junction
2394:Eltham Well Hall
2382:Sheerness-on-Sea
2320:Connington South
2180:Sutton Coldfield
2174:Watford Junction
1992:Catterick Bridge
1879:Leighton Buzzard
1540:Glasgow St Enoch
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1477:
1472:
1450:Onawa, Maine, US
1113:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:. Board of Trade
1043:Railways Archive
1027:
1005:
987:
965:
946:
920:
914:
908:
907:, p. 12–13.
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
833:
817:
811:
810:, pp. 4–15.
805:
799:
798:
782:
776:
770:
764:
763:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
714:
696:
690:
684:
678:
677:
661:
655:
654:
638:
632:
626:
617:
611:
602:
601:
582:
573:
572:
556:
550:
549:
531:
522:
516:
507:
501:
492:
486:
477:
471:
465:
464:
462:
460:
445:
276:to the south or
204:Viaduct between
146:Signalling error
110:
109:
107:
106:
105:
104:54.3395; -2.3258
100:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
44:
32:
21:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2809:1910 in England
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2605:
2564:Glanrhyd Bridge
2528:Wembley Central
2510:Wrawby Junction
2462:
2388:Chester General
2364:
2236:
2111:
1929:
1861:
1787:Birkenhead Park
1757:
1668:Ditton Junction
1632:
1588:Elliot Junction
1522:
1516:
1486:
1481:
1455:
1432:
1385:
1356:Ciurea, Romania
1338:
1315:
1304:Weedon, England
1280:Ilford, England
1268:
1245:
1210:
1187:
1164:
1104:
1101:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1024:
1008:
990:
984:
968:
962:
949:
932:
929:
927:Printed sources
924:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
889:
887:
878:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
819:
818:
814:
806:
802:
784:
783:
779:
771:
767:
760:
747:
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
718:
711:
698:
697:
693:
685:
681:
663:
662:
658:
640:
639:
635:
627:
620:
612:
605:
584:
583:
576:
558:
557:
553:
546:
533:
532:
525:
517:
510:
502:
495:
487:
480:
472:
468:
458:
456:
447:
446:
439:
434:
409:
362:Royal Engineers
354:
341:
280:to the north).
265:Midland Railway
253:
214:Midland Railway
137:Midland Railway
103:
101:
97:
94:
89:
86:
84:
82:
81:
61:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:Ladbroke Grove
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2707:Channel Tunnel
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2659:Maidstone East
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2272:Singleton Bank
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2010:Ballymacarrett
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1903:Battersea Park
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1746:Little Salkeld
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1656:Hawes Junction
1653:
1650:Coulsdon North
1647:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1417:(13 September)
1412:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1370:(24 September)
1368:Devon, England
1365:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1207:(17 September)
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1123:Devon, England
1119:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1033:
1032:External links
1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1014:Red for Danger
1010:Rolt, L. T. C.
1006:
988:
982:
966:
960:
947:
928:
925:
922:
921:
909:
897:
871:
859:
847:
835:
812:
800:
777:
765:
758:
740:
728:
716:
709:
691:
679:
656:
633:
631:, p. 203.
618:
603:
574:
551:
544:
523:
508:
506:, p. 201.
493:
478:
466:
436:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
422:
416:
408:
405:
396:track circuits
353:
350:
340:
337:
252:
249:
206:Hawes Junction
192:
191:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2846:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:London Bridge
2645:
2642:
2641:Severn Tunnel
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:Cannon Street
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:Summit Tunnel
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:Oxford Circus
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:Cheadle Hulme
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:Dagenham East
2223:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:South Croydon
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:Bethnal Green
1981:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1924:Charing Cross
1922:
1919:
1918:Charing Cross
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:Lawrence Hill
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1838:London Bridge
1836:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:Littlehampton
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:Braunton Road
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:Charing Cross
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1452:(20 December)
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:(20 December)
1381:
1378:
1376:(12 December)
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:(17 December)
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:(2 September)
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:(26 February)
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:(24 December)
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1023:0-330-25555-X
1019:
1016:. Pan Books.
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
985:
983:0-7110-1752-2
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
961:0-906899-69-9
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
930:
926:
919:, p. 13.
918:
913:
910:
906:
901:
898:
886:
882:
875:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
851:
848:
845:, p. 98.
844:
839:
836:
831:
827:
823:
816:
813:
809:
804:
801:
796:
792:
788:
781:
778:
775:, p. 15.
774:
769:
766:
761:
755:
751:
744:
741:
738:, p. 82.
737:
732:
729:
725:
720:
717:
712:
710:9781781593790
706:
702:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
675:
671:
667:
660:
657:
652:
648:
644:
637:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
616:, p. 59.
615:
614:Earnshaw 1996
610:
608:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
579:
575:
570:
566:
562:
555:
552:
547:
545:1-871944-09-0
541:
537:
530:
528:
524:
521:, p. 75.
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
491:, p. 58.
490:
489:Earnshaw 1996
485:
483:
479:
476:, p. 74.
475:
470:
467:
454:
450:
444:
442:
438:
431:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
404:
400:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
351:
349:
345:
338:
336:
334:
329:
327:
322:
320:
315:
311:
308:
298:
294:
291:
286:
281:
279:
275:
270:
269:pilot engines
266:
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
230:light engines
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2775:2000–present
2756:
2751:
2740:
2582:
2573:
2570:King's Cross
2421:
2335:
2332:Hither Green
2219:
2156:
2094:
2079:
2070:
2037:
2028:
2019:King's Cross
2013:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:Bounds Green
1912:
1832:
1811:Hull Paragon
1752:Paddock Wood
1740:Bere Ferrers
1710:
1707:
1704:Quintinshill
1655:
1591:
1576:
1555:
1446:(1 November)
1429:(1 November)
1421:Getå, Sweden
1399:(19 January)
1358:(13 January)
1335:(1 December)
1329:(7 November)
1294:(2 February)
1288:(22 January)
1178:(23 January)
1158:
1131:(21 January)
1062:Danger Ahead
1061:
1047:. Retrieved
1042:
1013:
992:
973:
951:
934:
917:Pringle 1911
912:
905:Pringle 1911
900:
888:. Retrieved
884:
874:
869:, p. 5.
867:Pringle 1911
862:
857:, p. 7.
855:Pringle 1911
850:
838:
821:
815:
808:Pringle 1911
803:
786:
780:
773:Pringle 1911
768:
749:
743:
731:
719:
700:
694:
686:
682:
665:
659:
643:The Guardian
642:
636:
589:
560:
554:
535:
469:
457:. Retrieved
452:
401:
393:
389:
385:
381:
370:
355:
346:
342:
330:
326:Moorcock Inn
323:
316:
312:
303:
282:
254:
251:The accident
242:
197:
195:
29:
2739:(Oct 1999)
2600:West Ealing
2581:(Dec 1988)
2572:(Nov 1987)
2457:Invergowrie
2420:(Feb 1975)
2334:(Nov 1967)
2218:(Dec 1957)
2155:(Oct 1952)
2123:Penmaenmawr
2093:(Apr 1948)
2078:(Oct 1947)
2069:(Oct 1947)
2057:(July 1947)
2043:Potters Bar
2036:(Jan 1946)
2027:(Sep 1945)
2012:(Jan 1945)
1985:(Mar 1943)
1976:(Dec 1941)
1967:(Jan 1941)
1958:(Nov 1940)
1949:(Oct 1940)
1911:(Dec 1937)
1885:Raynes Park
1831:(Jun 1928)
1706:(May 1915)
1686:Burntisland
1621:Bournemouth
1590:(Dec 1906)
1575:(Jul 1906)
1554:(Jul 1905)
1521:, 1900–1999
1423:(1 October)
1352:(3 January)
1306:(14 August)
1282:(1 January)
1224:(1 January)
1125:(1 January)
519:Barnes 1971
474:Barnes 1971
331:The writer
245:telescoping
238:Mallerstang
102: /
78:Coordinates
2788:Categories
2733:(Jun 1999)
2727:(Jan 1999)
2721:(Sep 1997)
2715:(Feb 1997)
2709:(Nov 1996)
2703:(Aug 1996)
2697:(Mar 1996)
2691:(Jul 1995)
2685:(Jan 1995)
2679:(Oct 1994)
2673:(Jun 1994)
2667:(Jun 1994)
2661:(Sep 1993)
2655:(Nov 1992)
2649:(Feb 1992)
2643:(Dec 1991)
2637:(Jul 1991)
2631:(Feb 1991)
2625:(Jan 1991)
2619:(Aug 1990)
2602:(Aug 1989)
2596:(Mar 1989)
2590:(Mar 1989)
2566:(Oct 1987)
2560:(Sep 1986)
2554:(Jul 1986)
2552:Lockington
2548:(Dec 1984)
2542:(Dec 1984)
2536:(Nov 1984)
2530:(Oct 1984)
2524:(Jul 1984)
2518:(Jun 1984)
2512:(Dec 1983)
2506:(Dec 1981)
2504:Seer Green
2500:(Dec 1981)
2494:(Jul 1980)
2488:(Apr 1980)
2482:(Feb 1980)
2476:(Jan 1980)
2459:(Oct 1979)
2453:(Apr 1979)
2447:(Jul 1978)
2441:(Mar 1976)
2435:(Oct 1975)
2433:Green Park
2429:(Jun 1975)
2414:(Jan 1975)
2408:(Dec 1973)
2402:(Sep 1973)
2396:(Jun 1972)
2390:(May 1972)
2384:(Feb 1971)
2378:(May 1970)
2361:(May 1969)
2355:(Jan 1969)
2349:(Sep 1968)
2347:Castlecary
2343:(Jan 1968)
2328:(Jul 1967)
2322:(Mar 1967)
2316:(Feb 1967)
2310:(Jun 1965)
2304:(Jan 1965)
2302:Coton Hill
2298:(May 1964)
2292:(Aug 1963)
2286:(Dec 1962)
2280:(Jun 1962)
2274:(Jul 1961)
2268:(Feb 1961)
2262:(Feb 1961)
2256:(Oct 1960)
2250:(Jan 1960)
2233:(Aug 1958)
2231:Eastbourne
2227:(Jan 1958)
2212:(Feb 1957)
2206:(Jan 1957)
2200:(Dec 1955)
2194:(Dec 1955)
2188:(Nov 1955)
2182:(Jan 1955)
2176:(Feb 1954)
2170:(Aug 1953)
2164:(Apr 1953)
2149:(Sep 1951)
2143:(Aug 1951)
2137:(Jul 1951)
2135:Huntingdon
2131:(Mar 1951)
2125:(Aug 1950)
2108:(Jun 1949)
2102:(Nov 1948)
2087:(Dec 1947)
2063:(Aug 1947)
2055:Polesworth
2051:(May 1947)
2045:(Feb 1946)
2025:Bourne End
2021:(Feb 1945)
2006:(Jun 1944)
2000:(Jan 1944)
1994:(Feb 1944)
1943:(Oct 1940)
1926:(May 1938)
1920:(Mar 1938)
1909:Castlecary
1905:(Apr 1937)
1899:(Jun 1935)
1893:(Sep 1934)
1887:(May 1933)
1881:(Mar 1931)
1875:(Jan 1930)
1858:(Nov 1929)
1852:(Oct 1928)
1846:(Oct 1928)
1840:(Jul 1928)
1829:Darlington
1825:(Aug 1927)
1819:(Feb 1927)
1813:(Feb 1927)
1807:(Nov 1926)
1801:(Nov 1924)
1795:(Feb 1923)
1789:(Dec 1922)
1783:(Nov 1921)
1777:(Jan 1921)
1771:(Aug 1920)
1754:(May 1919)
1748:(Jan 1918)
1742:(Sep 1917)
1736:(Jan 1917)
1730:(Feb 1916)
1724:(Dec 1915)
1718:(Aug 1915)
1700:(Jan 1915)
1694:(Jun 1914)
1692:Carrbridge
1688:(Apr 1914)
1682:(Sep 1913)
1676:(Feb 1913)
1670:(Sep 1912)
1664:(Jan 1911)
1662:Pontypridd
1658:(Dec 1910)
1652:(Jan 1910)
1646:(Jan 1910)
1629:(Mar 1909)
1623:(May 1908)
1617:(Oct 1907)
1615:Shrewsbury
1611:(Oct 1907)
1605:(Oct 1907)
1603:Birmingham
1599:(Sep 1907)
1584:(Sep 1906)
1569:(Dec 1905)
1563:(Sep 1905)
1548:(Feb 1904)
1542:(Jul 1903)
1536:(Jun 1900)
1259:(13 March)
1155:(8 August)
1149:(21 March)
1002:1205478511
970:Nock, O.S.
759:0752271652
432:References
263:line. The
164:Passengers
151:Statistics
87:54°20′22″N
2762:1815–1899
2498:Ulleskelf
2314:Stechford
2266:Baschurch
2162:Stratford
2141:Newcastle
2129:Doncaster
2061:Doncaster
2034:Lichfield
1850:Charfield
1823:Sevenoaks
1817:Penistone
1728:Penistone
1627:Tonbridge
1573:Salisbury
1552:Hall Road
1405:(22 June)
1265:(18 June)
1236:(26 July)
1143:(4 March)
1137:(1 March)
943:0033-8923
843:Nock 1987
830:0140-0460
822:The Times
795:0140-0460
787:The Times
736:Nock 1987
724:Rolt 1976
674:2516-5348
629:Rolt 1976
598:0140-0460
590:The Times
569:0140-0460
561:The Times
504:Rolt 1976
391:devices.
377:O.S. Nock
285:signalman
90:2°19′33″W
2731:Winsford
2719:Southall
2695:Stafford
2683:Ais Gill
2665:Greenock
2617:Stafford
2474:Dunmurry
2439:West Ham
2427:Nuneaton
2418:Moorgate
2308:Winsford
2216:Lewisham
2091:Winsford
2049:Grayrigg
1775:Abermule
1680:Ais Gill
1674:Chumhill
1582:Grantham
1546:Gomshall
1411:(9 July)
1364:(7 June)
1300:(22 May)
1201:(4 July)
1184:(29 May)
1012:(1976).
972:(1987).
651:10956339
278:Carlisle
257:Ais Gill
234:Carlisle
133:Operator
67:Location
2701:Watford
2671:Morpeth
2653:Morpeth
2558:Colwich
2522:Polmont
2516:Morpeth
2492:Holborn
2445:Taunton
2359:Morpeth
2278:Lincoln
2076:Goswick
1891:Winwick
1793:Retford
1597:Newport
994:Railway
373:Rule 55
226:Cumbria
212:on the
210:Aisgill
180:Injured
118:England
115:Country
52:Details
2713:Bexley
2677:Cowden
2635:Newton
2588:Purley
2540:Eccles
2486:Bushey
2480:Bushey
2406:Ealing
2353:Marden
2326:Thirsk
2260:Royton
2248:Settle
2192:Barnes
2186:Milton
2147:Weedon
1998:Ilford
1974:Eccles
1947:Balham
1799:Lytham
1716:Weedon
1698:Ilford
1561:Witham
1534:Slough
1049:29 May
1020:
1000:
980:
958:
941:
890:29 May
828:
793:
756:
707:
672:
649:
596:
567:
542:
459:29 May
339:Causes
172:Deaths
156:Trains
2689:Largs
2610:1990s
2467:1980s
2369:1970s
2341:Hixon
2241:1960s
2198:Luton
2116:1950s
2004:Soham
1934:1940s
1866:1930s
1762:1920s
1734:Ratho
1637:1910s
1527:1900s
1479:1920s
1466:1900s
307:2-4-0
274:Leeds
224:(now
202:Lunds
143:Cause
62:05:49
1965:Bank
1609:Dore
1437:1919
1390:1918
1343:1917
1320:1916
1273:1915
1250:1914
1215:1913
1192:1912
1169:1911
1116:1910
1051:2016
1018:ISBN
998:OCLC
978:ISBN
956:ISBN
939:ISSN
892:2016
826:ISSN
791:ISSN
754:ISBN
705:ISBN
670:ISSN
647:OCLC
594:ISSN
565:ISSN
540:ISBN
461:2016
196:The
123:Line
57:Date
216:'s
2790::
1041:.
883:.
621:^
606:^
577:^
526:^
511:^
496:^
481:^
451:.
440:^
183:17
175:12
167:56
2757:§
2752:‡
2741:‡
2583:‡
2574:‡
2422:‡
2336:‡
2220:‡
2157:‡
2095:‡
2080:‡
2071:‡
2038:‡
2029:‡
2014:‡
1987:‡
1978:‡
1969:‡
1960:‡
1951:‡
1913:‡
1833:‡
1711:§
1708:‡
1592:‡
1577:‡
1556:‡
1511:e
1504:t
1497:v
1096:e
1089:t
1082:v
1053:.
1026:.
1004:.
986:.
964:.
945:.
894:.
832:.
797:.
762:.
713:.
676:.
653:.
600:.
571:.
548:.
463:.
159:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
