135:
159:
577:
657:
542:
1760:
557:
591:
1748:
838:
755:
nectaries 11 and a half inches long , with only the lower inch and a half filled with very sweet nectar it is, however, surprising, that any insect should be able to reach the nectar: our
English sphinxes have probosces as long as their bodies, but in Madagascar, there must be moths with probosces
623:
patterns to conceal them. Others are more conspicuously colored, typically with white spots on a black or yellow background along the length of the body. A pattern of diagonal slashes along the side is a common feature. When resting, the caterpillar usually holds its legs off the surface and tucks
732:
known as "sphingophily". Some species are quite general in visitations, while others are very specific, with the plant only being successfully pollinated by a particular species of moth. Orchids frequently have such specific relations with hawk moths and very long corolla tubes. The comet orchid
801:("the predicted one") was given. The Madagascan individuals had a pink, rather than white, breast and abdomen and a black apical line on the forewing, broader than in mainland specimens. Molecular clock models using either rate- or fossil-based calibrations imply that the Madagascan subspecies
453:
Some species fly only for short periods either around dusk or dawn, while other species only appear later in the evening and others around midnight, but such species may occasionally be seen feeding on flowers during the day. A few common species in Africa, such as the
Oriental beehawk
441:(the convolvulus or morning glory hawk-moth), males have thicker antennae and more mottled wing markings than females. Only males have both an undivided frenular hook and a retinaculum. Only males have a partial comb of hairs along with their antennae. Females attract males with
533:
at the base of each antenna, with strong frequency responses at the beat frequency of the antennae (around 25 Hz) and at twice the beat frequency. The relative magnitude of the two frequency responses enables the moth to distinguish rotation around the different
375:). Sphingids have been studied for their flying ability, especially their ability to move rapidly from side to side while hovering, called "swing-hovering" or "side-slipping". This is thought to have evolved to deal with ambush predators that lie in wait in flowers.
572:
Most species are multivoltine, capable of producing several generations a year if weather conditions permit. Females lay translucent, greenish, flattened, smooth eggs, usually singly on the host plants. Egg development time varies highly, from three to 21 days.
428:, but some species fly during the day. Both males and females are relatively long-lived (10 to 30 days). Prior to flight, most species shiver their flight muscles to warm them up, and, during flight, body temperatures may surpass 40 °C (104 °F).
779:, whose nectaries vary in length from ten to fourteen inches . That such a moth exists in Madagascar may be safely predicted, and naturalists who visit that island should search for it with as much confidence as astronomers searched for the planet
636:. Development rate depends on temperature, and to speed development, some northern and high-altitude species sunbathe. Larvae burrow into the soil to pupate, where they remain for two to three weeks before they emerge as adults.
522:, moths have dynamic flight sensory capabilities due to their antennae. The antennae are vibrated in a plane so that when the body of the moth rotates during controlled aerial maneuvers, the antennae are subject to the
46:
643:
at the tip of the abdomen. Usually, they pupate off the host plant, in an underground chamber, among rocks, or in a loose cocoon. In most species, the pupa is the overwintering stage.
1794:
340:, but species are found in every region. They are moderate to large in size and are distinguished among moths for their agile and sustained flying ability, similar enough to that of
704:
that were tested are susceptible. The species that are able to tolerate the toxin do not sequester it in their tissues; 98% was excreted. However, other species, such as
363:
from flowers, so are sometimes mistaken for hummingbirds. This hovering capability is only known to have evolved four times in nectar feeders: in hummingbirds, certain
3995:
817:, namely 7.5 ± 5.2 Mya. Since both these orchids have extremely long spurs, longspurs likely existed before that and were exploited by long-tongued moths similar to
611:. Usually, their bodies lack any hairs or tubercules, but most species have a "horn" at the posterior end, which may be reduced to a button, or absent, in the final
3869:
3908:
344:
as to be reliably mistaken for them. Their narrow wings and streamlined abdomens are adaptations for rapid flight. The family was named by French zoologist
1058:"Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness"
1782:
1144:
628:, gives rise to the name "sphinx moth". Some tropical larvae are thought to mimic snakes. Larvae are quick to regurgitate their sticky, often toxic,
529:
that are linearly proportional to the angular velocity of the body. The
Coriolis forces cause deflections of the antennae, which are detected by the
3843:
1314:
639:
In some sphingids, the pupa has a free proboscis, rather than being fused to the pupal case as is most common in the macrolepidoptera. They have a
3882:
1592:
1838:
1791:
1438:
Hossie, Thomas; Sherratt, Thomas (August 2013). "Defensive posture and eyespots deter avian predators from attacking caterpillar models".
775:) is seven inches and a half . A species having a proboscis two or three inches longer could reach the nectar in the largest flowers of
744:
409:
1728:
1575:
On the
Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing
1263:
1115:
3957:
416:
to join hindwings and forewings. The thorax, abdomen, and wings are densely covered in scales. Some sphingids have a rudimentary
3655:
1803:
3887:
1377:
Sane, S.; Dieudonné, A.; Willis, M.; Daniel, T. (February 2007). "Antennal mechanosensors mediate flight control in moths".
1579:
680:, and chew and mash the food into very small bits. Some species can tolerate quite high concentrations of specific toxins.
3895:
876:. Around 1,450 species of hawk moths are classified into around 200 genera. Some of the best-known hawk moth species are:
1764:
793:
767:" (properly, a drawing in a book) of what this lepidopteran might look like, and, concurring with his colleague, added:
728:
steals honey from bees. Night-flying sphingids tend to prefer pale flowers with long corolla tubes and a sweet odor, a
3752:
3719:
3650:
666:
158:
304:
134:
3822:
3913:
3835:
1831:
345:
235:
743:
flower with its nectar stored at the bottom of a 30-centimetre-long (12 in) tube, was described in 1822 by
1574:
846:
725:
1779:
1037:
561:
535:
38:
3990:
3672:
1394:
1140:(Walker), the tribe Acherontiini, and allied long-tongued hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, Sphinginae)"
735:
469:
1752:
1353:
3944:
3227:
950:
930:
873:
842:
760:
697:
485:
352:
277:
142:
3757:
1600:
382:; some are capable of flying at over 5.3 m/s (19 km/h). They have wingspans from 4 cm (
3962:
3923:
3791:
2097:
2089:
2080:
1824:
1539:
1484:
1473:
Bernays, E. A.; Janzen, D. H. (1988). "Saturniid and sphingid caterpillars: two ways to eat leaves".
1386:
729:
625:
463:
372:
1399:
3985:
3243:
3018:
3010:
1000:
530:
672:
Sphingid larvae tend to be specific feeders, rather than generalists. Compared to similarly sized
1555:
1508:
1500:
1455:
1420:
1345:
990:
960:
900:
890:
413:
153:
1295:
3949:
1658:
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1724:
1475:
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1201:
1111:
661:
437:
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1447:
1404:
1329:
1193:
1153:
1072:
1020:
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920:
880:
724:
Most adults feed on nectar, although a few tropical species feed on eye secretions, and the
706:
681:
595:
586:
caterpillar seeking a place to pupate: the color of the caterpillar darkens before pupation.
456:
3710:
1676:
orchids and long-tongued sphingid moths on
Madagascar: A time-frame for Darwin's predicted
3734:
3138:
2814:
2691:
2567:
2559:
2525:
2499:
2491:
2158:
2129:
2123:
2114:
1925:
1919:
1907:
1798:
1786:
576:
526:
262:
252:
408:, but members of the group Choerocampini have hearing organs on their heads. They have a
1543:
1488:
1390:
1174:
656:
420:, but most have a very long one, which is used to feed on nectar from flowers. Most are
3830:
3817:
3359:
3146:
2824:
2749:
2715:
2673:
2598:
2583:
2226:
970:
940:
910:
857:
748:
620:
545:
523:
405:
541:
3979:
3587:
3512:
3420:
3367:
3346:
3338:
3209:
3089:
3081:
2801:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2447:
2439:
2426:
2418:
2389:
2350:
2218:
2163:
2150:
2141:
2066:
2058:
2049:
2011:
2005:
1993:
1646:
1349:
1277:
1158:
1135:
764:
712:
518:
356:
258:
92:
1559:
1512:
1459:
1057:
716:, do sequester toxins from their hosts, but do not pass them on to the adult stage.
3606:
3574:
3556:
3504:
3436:
3396:
3196:
3188:
3154:
3039:
3031:
2852:
2842:
2829:
2783:
2775:
2762:
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2741:
2699:
2660:
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2606:
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2517:
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1891:
1713:
1424:
701:
582:
296:
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244:
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2405:
2340:
2268:
2247:
2239:
2189:
1968:
1962:
1950:
1848:
1697:
1593:"Darwin and Wallace's Predictions Come True | The Alfred Russel Wallace Website"
1010:
861:
829:
matches their morphological differences in the color of the breast and abdomen.
673:
604:
421:
341:
220:
210:
67:
1759:
1622:
1076:
47:
List of
Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir characters § Hawk Moth
3630:
3538:
3530:
3483:
3467:
3428:
3404:
3388:
3309:
3296:
3288:
3267:
3259:
3175:
3167:
3110:
3102:
3068:
2926:
2860:
2847:
2819:
2806:
2728:
2355:
2297:
2202:
1816:
1808:
1551:
869:
788:
740:
693:
633:
556:
474:
404:
Sphingid's antennae are generally not very feathery, even in males. They lack
287:
112:
77:
31:
3695:
809:
diverged 7.4 ± 2.8 Mya (million years ago), which overlaps the divergence of
3804:
3582:
3488:
3325:
3317:
3235:
2910:
2897:
2881:
2733:
2723:
2509:
2376:
2368:
2324:
2210:
1879:
1867:
1408:
1333:
1110:(2nd edition). Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum London.
865:
640:
590:
481:
442:
425:
417:
190:
170:
117:
1416:
1341:
1197:
1747:
1205:
3765:
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3689:
3475:
3251:
2997:
2989:
2934:
2889:
2546:
2464:
2332:
2197:
2180:
2033:
1885:
689:
368:
107:
102:
87:
82:
72:
1770:
860:, Sphingoidea, but is alternatively included with the more encompassing
787:
The predicted sphingid was discovered 21 years later and described as a
751:
famously predicted there must be some specialized moth to feed from it:
607:
are medium to large in size, with stout bodies. They have five pairs of
17:
3496:
3128:
3120:
2837:
1504:
780:
629:
616:
337:
333:
122:
97:
837:
3861:
3770:
3546:
1873:
1861:
612:
608:
379:
360:
200:
180:
3848:
3666:
1496:
3809:
1530:
and phylogenetically related sphingids (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)".
836:
677:
655:
589:
575:
555:
540:
850:
445:. The male may douse the female with a pheromone before mating.
317:
3670:
2030:
1990:
1947:
1904:
1820:
756:
capable of extension to a length of between 10 and 12 inches!
692:, as do several other related sphinx moths in the subfamilies
624:
its head underneath (praying position), which, resembling the
364:
538:, allowing for rapid course control during aerial maneuvers.
3796:
676:, sphingids eat soft young leaves of host plants with small
3270:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
1672:
Netz, Christoph; Renner, Susanne S. (2017). "Long-spurred
480:
A number of species are known to be migratory, all in the
3491:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
3478:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
856:
The
Sphingidae is sometimes assigned its own exclusive
1526:
Wink, M.; Theile, Vera (2002). "Alkaloid tolerance in
1258:. Harley Books & Natural History Museum, London.
435:
is quite marked. For example, in the
African species
1175:"Cage size and flight speed of the tobacco hawkmoth
1136:"The phylogenetic relationships of Morgan's Sphinx,
3679:
3599:
3555:
3521:
3466:
3379:
3358:
3337:
3308:
3287:
3208:
3187:
3166:
3137:
3119:
3101:
3080:
3051:
3030:
3009:
2988:
2967:
2946:
2909:
2880:
2792:
2774:
2659:
2597:
2558:
2508:
2490:
2463:
2438:
2417:
2388:
2367:
2323:
2296:
2267:
2238:
2188:
2179:
2149:
2140:
2122:
2113:
2088:
2079:
2057:
2048:
2004:
1961:
1918:
1647:"A revision of the lepidopterous family Sphingidae"
1173:Stevenson, R.; Corbo, K.; Baca, L.; Le, Q. (1995).
2929:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
1804:List of Sphingidae Types from Museum Witt München
37:For a complete species list of this family, see
821:. The long geological separation of subspecies
791:of the one African species studied by Wallace:
769:
753:
560:An example of the posterior "horn" seen on the
1832:
1108:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
8:
1792:Images of Sphingidae species in New Zealand
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
328:, with many of their caterpillars known as
43:Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
3667:
3278:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
2487:
2483:
2320:
2293:
2185:
2146:
2119:
2085:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2027:
2001:
1987:
1958:
1944:
1915:
1901:
1839:
1825:
1817:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
396: in) to over 10 cm (4 in).
133:
53:
1686:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1645:Rothschild, Walter; Jordan, Karl (1903).
1398:
1282:Hawk Moths of Central and Southern Africa
1157:
1145:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3457:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
1273:
1271:
1256:The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
783:, – and they will be equally successful.
378:Sphingids are some of the faster flying
3254:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
1313:McNiell Alexander, R. (February 2007).
1048:
632:contents on attackers such as ants and
3370:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
1284:. Longmans Southern Africa, Cape Town.
433:differences in form between the sexes
371:, and these sphingids (an example of
359:, hover in midair while they feed on
7:
3996:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
3924:2acedc13-962c-43b7-977d-9b662aa6eec1
3836:a2872cee-dfec-4547-9db2-d073771c3aa0
1056:van Nieukerken; et al. (2011).
1186:The Journal of Experimental Biology
745:Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars
2892:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
2809:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
1780:Images of Sphingidae of Costa Rica
797:, for which, the subspecific name
25:
2213:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
1758:
1746:
1591:Beccaloni, George (April 2010).
1159:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00021.x
336:. It is best represented in the
157:
45:villain known as Hawk Moth, see
2229:(African primitive ghost moths)
688:) detoxify and rapidly excrete
2533:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
864:. Following Hodges (1971) two
488:, and specially in the genera
1:
3431:(Kentish glory and relatives)
2250:(New Zealand primitive moths)
1452:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.029
351:Some hawk moths, such as the
324:, also colloquially known as
3577:(oriental swallowtail moths)
2855:(planthopper parasite moths)
1627:Quarterly Journal of Science
819:Xanthopan morganii praedicta
794:Xanthopan morganii praedicta
619:greens and browns, and have
3651:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
3238:(American moth-butterflies)
3199:(Old World butterfly-moths)
3178:(picture-winged leaf moths)
1928:(mandibulate archaic moths)
1621:Wallace, Alfred R. (1867).
1106:Scoble, Malcolm J. (1995):
805:and the African subspecies
4012:
3149:(tropical fruitworm moths)
2686:(case-bearers, case moths)
2450:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
2205:(swift moths, ghost moths)
1077:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.41
332:. It includes about 1,450
36:
29:
3646:
3627:
3399:(American silkworm moths)
3230:(swallowtail butterflies)
2900:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
2609:(false diamondback moths)
2520:(burrowing webworm moths)
2486:
2044:
2040:
2026:
2000:
1986:
1957:
1943:
1914:
1900:
1856:
1719:. Leiden: Brill. p.
1698:10.1093/biolinnean/blx086
1552:10.1007/s00049-002-8324-2
868:are accepted, namely the
841:A sphinx moth, subfamily
833:Relationships and species
302:
295:
274:
269:
250:
243:
154:Scientific classification
152:
141:
132:
56:
3391:(Australian lappet moth)
2400:(pigmy, or midget moths)
1572:Darwin, Charles (1862):
1315:"Antennae as Gyroscopes"
1254:Pittaway, A. R. (1993):
1134:Kitching, Ian J (2002).
955:Macroglossum stellatarum
847:Cibodas Botanical Garden
30:Not to be confused with
2221:(miniature ghost moths)
1711:Common, I.F.B. (1990).
1692:(Supplement): 469–478.
1409:10.1126/science.1133598
1334:10.1126/science.1136840
1294:Holloway, J.D. (1987).
1038:Sphingidae species list
1015:Manduca quinquemaculata
39:Sphingidae species list
3600:Superfamily unassigned
3021:(bristle-legged moths)
2570:(ribbed cocoon makers)
2379:(Andean endemic moths)
2335:(fairy longhorn moths)
1198:10.1242/jeb.198.8.1665
901:Death's-head hawk moth
853:
785:
777:Angraecum sesquipedale
771:from tropical Africa (
758:
736:Angraecum sesquipedale
669:
600:
587:
564:
553:
470:Macroglossum trochilus
346:Pierre André Latreille
3945:Paleobiology Database
3507:(prominents, kittens)
3042:(fringe-tufted moths)
2098:Acanthopteroctetidae
2090:Acanthopteroctetoidea
1578:John Murray, London.
951:Hummingbird hawk-moth
931:Convolvulus hawk moth
840:
763:published a sort of "
761:Alfred Russel Wallace
726:death's-head hawkmoth
700:, but members of the
659:
593:
579:
559:
544:
353:hummingbird hawk-moth
305:roughly 1,450 species
143:Convolvulus hawk-moth
3831:Fauna Europaea (new)
3019:Schreckensteiniidae
3011:Schreckensteinioidea
3000:(false burnet moths)
2871:(slug, or cup moths)
2429:(Gondwanaland moths)
2408:(white eyecap moths)
2166:(archaic bell moths)
1755:at Wikimedia Commons
1651:Novitates Zoologicae
730:pollination syndrome
626:Great Sphinx of Giza
464:Macroglossum hirundo
373:convergent evolution
3349:(sack bearer moths)
3071:(false plume moths)
3063:(many-plumed moths)
2921:(little bear moths)
2863:(slug caterpillars)
2718:(long-horned moths)
2702:(grass-miner moths)
2100:(archaic sun moths)
1544:2002Checo..12...29W
1489:1988Ecol...69.1153B
1391:2007Sci...315..863S
1302:. Southene Sdn Bhd.
1300:The Moths of Borneo
1296:"Family Sphingidae"
1192:(Pt 8): 1665–1672.
1001:Pandora sphinx moth
1797:2020-08-09 at the
1785:2019-07-20 at the
1715:Moths of Australia
1138:Xanthopan morganii
991:Oleander hawk moth
965:Deilephila elpenor
961:Elephant hawk moth
945:Ceratomia catalpae
905:Acherontia atropos
891:White-lined Sphinx
854:
670:
601:
588:
565:
554:
357:white-lined sphinx
303:About 200 genera,
3973:
3972:
3932:Open Tree of Life
3673:Taxon identifiers
3664:
3663:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3591:
3578:
3542:
3534:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3479:
3458:
3450:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3371:
3350:
3329:
3321:
3300:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3221:
3200:
3179:
3158:
3157:(fruitworm moths)
3150:
3093:
3072:
3064:
3043:
3022:
3001:
2980:
2959:
2958:(metalmark moths)
2938:
2937:(clearwing moths)
2930:
2922:
2901:
2893:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2833:
2810:
2766:
2758:
2745:
2744:(concealer moths)
2737:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2646:
2623:
2620:Glyphipterigidae
2610:
2589:Roeslerstammiidae
2579:
2571:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2521:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2430:
2409:
2401:
2380:
2359:
2336:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2136:
2135:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2075:
2074:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2006:Heterobathmioidea
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1751:Media related to
1623:"Creation by law"
1385:(5813): 863–866.
1328:(5813): 771–772.
1005:Eumorpha pandorus
975:Hippotion celerio
935:Agrius convolvuli
813:from its sister,
682:Tobacco hornworms
550:Hippotion celerio
438:Agrius convolvuli
431:In some species,
310:
309:
239:
147:Agrius convolvuli
27:Family of insects
16:(Redirected from
4003:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3939:
3927:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3901:NBNSYS0000161034
3891:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3852:
3851:
3839:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3668:
3590:(geometer moths)
3589:
3576:
3570:Pseudobistonidae
3540:
3532:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3477:
3456:
3448:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3369:
3348:
3327:
3319:
3298:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3220:
3213:
3198:
3177:
3156:
3148:
3091:
3070:
3062:
3041:
3020:
2999:
2978:
2957:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2899:
2891:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2831:
2808:
2764:
2756:
2743:
2735:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2692:Cosmopterigidae
2685:
2644:
2621:
2608:
2577:
2569:
2568:Bucculatricidae
2548:
2540:
2532:
2519:
2488:
2484:
2449:
2428:
2407:
2399:
2378:
2357:
2334:
2321:
2294:
2249:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2186:
2165:
2147:
2120:
2099:
2086:
2055:
2046:
2042:
2028:
2012:Heterobathmiidae
2002:
1988:
1970:
1959:
1945:
1927:
1926:Micropterigidae
1920:Micropterigoidea
1916:
1902:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1763:Data related to
1762:
1750:
1735:
1734:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1599:. Archived from
1597:wallacefund.info
1588:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1483:(4): 1153–1160.
1470:
1464:
1463:
1440:Animal Behaviour
1435:
1429:
1428:
1402:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1352:. Archived from
1319:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1266:
1252:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1183:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1131:
1118:
1104:
1081:
1080:
1062:
1053:
1021:Tobacco hornworm
985:Hyles euphorbiae
981:Spurge hawk moth
921:Poplar hawk moth
881:Privet hawk moth
707:Hyles euphorbiae
596:Hyles euphorbiae
531:Johnston's organ
516:In studies with
457:Cephonodes hylas
395:
394:
390:
387:
320:commonly called
316:are a family of
234:
162:
161:
137:
127:
64:
60:Temporal range:
54:
21:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3894:
3886:
3881:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3808:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3723:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3656:Lists by region
3634:
3633:is not a clade.
3629:Note: division
3611:
3595:
3551:
3517:
3462:
3423:(Dryandra moth)
3415:(Brahmin moths)
3375:
3354:
3333:
3304:
3283:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3183:
3162:
3147:Copromorphidae
3139:Copromorphoidea
3133:
3115:
3097:
3076:
3047:
3026:
3005:
2984:
2979:(tortrix moths)
2963:
2942:
2905:
2876:
2832:(flannel moths)
2815:Himantopteridae
2788:
2770:
2716:Lecithoceridae
2710:(twirler moths)
2655:
2593:
2578:(Douglas moths)
2560:Gracillarioidea
2554:
2541:(bagworm moths)
2526:Arrhenophanidae
2504:
2492:Simaethistoidea
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2434:
2413:
2384:
2363:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2248:Mnesarchaeidae
2240:Mnesarchaeoidea
2234:
2227:Prototheoridae
2171:
2159:Aenigmatineidae
2132:
2124:Lophocoronoidea
2105:
2071:
2036:
2014:
1996:
1994:Heterobathmiina
1974:
1969:Agathiphagidae
1963:Agathiphagoidea
1953:
1931:
1910:
1896:
1852:
1845:
1799:Wayback Machine
1787:Wayback Machine
1743:
1738:
1731:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1497:10.2307/1941269
1472:
1471:
1467:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1400:10.1.1.205.7318
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1105:
1084:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1034:
885:Sphinx ligustri
835:
811:A. sesquipedale
803:X. m. praedicta
722:
678:toxic molecules
654:
649:
570:
562:tomato hornworm
527:Coriolis forces
514:
451:
406:tympanal organs
402:
392:
388:
385:
383:
265:
256:
253:Sphinx ligustri
233:
156:
128:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
62:
61:
58:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3918:
3905:
3892:
3879:
3866:
3853:
3840:
3827:
3818:Fauna Europaea
3814:
3801:
3788:
3775:
3762:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3716:
3701:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3536:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:Lasiocampidae
3364:
3362:
3360:Lasiocampoidea
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3323:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3103:Whalleyanoidea
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:Pterophoridae
3086:
3084:
3082:Pterophoroidea
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:Megalopygidae
2827:
2825:Somabrachyidae
2822:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2765:(timber moths)
2760:
2757:(flower moths)
2752:
2750:Pterolonchidae
2747:
2739:
2736:(mompha moths)
2731:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2694:(cosmet moths)
2689:
2684:Coleophoridae
2681:
2676:
2674:Batrachedridae
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2645:(ermine moths)
2643:Yponomeutidae
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2599:Yponomeutoidea
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:Gracillariidae
2581:
2573:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2549:(fungus moths)
2544:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2500:Simaethistidae
2496:
2494:
2481:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:Palaephatidae
2423:
2421:
2419:Palaephatoidea
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2291:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2219:Palaeosetidae
2216:
2208:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:Neopseustidae
2161:
2155:
2153:
2151:Neopseustoidea
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:Lophocoronidae
2128:
2126:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2059:Eriocranioidea
2052:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1768:
1767:at Wikispecies
1756:
1742:
1741:External links
1739:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1703:
1684:coevolution".
1664:
1657:(Supplement):
1637:
1613:
1583:
1565:
1518:
1465:
1446:(2): 383–389.
1430:
1369:
1305:
1286:
1267:
1218:
1165:
1152:(4): 471–527.
1119:
1082:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1008:
998:
988:
978:
971:Vine hawk moth
968:
958:
948:
941:Catalpa sphinx
938:
928:
925:Laothoe populi
918:
911:Lime hawk moth
908:
898:
888:
874:Macroglossinae
843:Macroglossinae
834:
831:
749:Charles Darwin
721:
718:
698:Macroglossinae
653:
650:
648:
645:
621:countershading
569:
566:
546:Vine hawk-moth
536:principal axes
513:
510:
486:Macroglossinae
450:
447:
401:
398:
308:
307:
300:
299:
293:
292:
291:
290:
285:
280:
278:Macroglossinae
272:
271:
267:
266:
257:
248:
247:
241:
240:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
149:
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
65:
63:Miocene–Recent
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4008:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Moth families
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3632:
3626:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3575:Epicopeiidae
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:Oenosandridae
3511:
3509:
3505:Notodontidae
3503:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:Apatelodidae
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3347:Mimallonidae
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3339:Mimallonoidea
3336:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:(snout moths)
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:Papilionidae
3226:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3210:Papilionoidea
3207:
3201:
3197:Callidulidae
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3189:Calliduloidea
3186:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3155:Carposinidae
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:Whalleyanidae
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3092:(plume moths)
3088:
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1603:on 2018-10-10
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19:
3680:
3607:Millieriidae
3588:Geometridae
3557:Geometroidea
3541:(gold moths)
3499:(tuft moths)
3454:
3449:(saturniids)
3447:Saturniidae
3437:Eupterotidae
3421:Carthaeidae
3413:Brahmaeidae
3407:(silk moths)
3328:(grass moth)
3299:(teak moths)
3276:Nymphalidae
3262:(metalmarks)
3244:Hesperiidae
2977:Tortricidae
2969:Tortricoidea
2956:Choreutidae
2948:Choreutoidea
2919:Brachodidae
2869:Limacodidae
2843:Anomoeotidae
2784:Galacticidae
2708:Gelechiidae
2661:Gelechioidea
2651:Ypsolophidae
2628:Heliodinidae
2406:Opostegidae
2346:Heliozelidae
2198:Anomosetidae
2142:Neopseustina
1892:Holometabola
1890:Superorder:
1884:Infraclass:
1810:
1809:Images from
1774:
1714:
1706:
1689:
1685:
1681:
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1667:
1654:
1650:
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1630:
1626:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1596:
1586:
1573:
1568:
1538:(1): 29–46.
1535:
1532:Chemoecology
1531:
1527:
1521:
1480:
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1468:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1325:
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1209:. Retrieved
1189:
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702:Smerinthinae
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605:caterpillars
602:
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583:Hyles gallii
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342:hummingbirds
329:
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322:sphinx moths
321:
313:
311:
283:Smerinthinae
270:Subfamilies
251:
245:Type species
230:
146:
51:
42:
3857:iNaturalist
3705:Wikispecies
3565:Sematuridae
3539:Cimeliidae
3533:(hook-tips)
3531:Drepanidae
3523:Drepanoidea
3455:Sphingidae
3442:Phiditiidae
3429:Endromidae
3405:Bombycidae
3389:Anthelidae
3381:Bombycoidea
3297:Hyblaeidae
3289:Hyblaeoidea
3268:Lycaenidae
3260:Riodinidae
3217:butterflies
3176:Thyrididae
3168:Thyridoidea
3069:Tineodidae
3061:Alucitidae
3053:Alucitoidea
2927:Castniidae
2861:Dalceridae
2807:Zygaenidae
2794:Zygaenoidea
2638:Plutellidae
2633:Lyonetiidae
2615:Bedelliidae
2356:Prodoxidae
2341:Cecidosidae
2203:Hepialidae
2190:Hepialoidea
1908:Zeugloptera
1849:Lepidoptera
1775:Insecta.pro
1071:: 212–221.
1011:Tomato worm
866:subfamilies
862:Bombycoidea
858:superfamily
815:A. sororium
647:Food plants
634:parasitoids
615:. Many are
422:crepuscular
414:retinaculum
400:Description
221:Bombycoidea
211:Lepidoptera
3986:Sphingidae
3980:Categories
3735:Sphingidae
3725:Sphingidae
3711:Sphingidae
3681:Sphingidae
3631:Monotrysia
3489:Noctuidae
3484:Euteliidae
3468:Noctuoidea
3326:Crambidae
3318:Pyralidae
3310:Pyraloidea
3246:(skippers)
3236:Hedylidae
2820:Lacturidae
2734:Momphidae
2539:Psychidae
2050:Dacnonypha
1878:Subclass:
1868:Arthropoda
1771:Sphingidae
1765:Sphingidae
1753:Sphingidae
1633:: 470–488.
1607:2020-08-05
1363:2014-12-06
1278:Pinhey, E.
1044:References
870:Sphinginae
789:subspecies
739:), a rare
694:Sphinginae
674:saturniids
667:Crows Nest
568:Life cycle
494:Cephonodes
443:pheromones
369:hoverflies
326:hawk moths
314:Sphingidae
288:Sphinginae
231:Sphingidae
191:Arthropoda
57:Hawk moths
41:. For the
32:Sphindidae
3583:Uraniidae
3476:Erebidae
3252:Pieridae
2998:Urodidae
2990:Urodoidea
2935:Sesiidae
2911:Sesioidea
2890:Cossidae
2882:Cossoidea
2724:Lypusidae
2547:Tineidae
2510:Tineoidea
2333:Adelidae
2325:Adeloidea
2032:Suborder
1992:Suborder
1951:Aglossata
1949:Suborder
1906:Suborder
1880:Pterygota
1860:Kingdom:
1682:Angraecum
1678:Xanthopan
1674:Angraecum
1395:CiteSeerX
1350:118833201
1211:10 August
827:praedicta
799:praedicta
662:C. kingii
641:cremaster
603:Sphingid
502:Hippotion
482:Sphingini
459:virescens
426:nocturnal
418:proboscis
348:in 1802.
330:hornworms
297:Diversity
236:Latreille
177:Kingdom:
171:Eukaryota
3766:BugGuide
3742:BioLib:
3732:BAMONA:
3690:Wikidata
3497:Nolidae
3121:Immoidea
2181:Exoporia
2034:Glossata
1886:Neoptera
1866:Phylum:
1862:Animalia
1851:families
1795:Archived
1783:Archived
1635:(p. 477)
1560:41120103
1513:56310810
1460:53263767
1417:17290001
1342:17289963
1280:(1962):
1032:See also
773:morganii
741:Malagasy
690:nicotine
524:inertial
506:Theretra
449:Behavior
410:frenulum
259:Linnaeus
227:Family:
187:Phylum:
181:Animalia
167:Domain:
18:Hawkmoth
3696:Q157683
3129:Immidae
2838:Aididae
1874:Insecta
1872:Class:
1847:Extant
1540:Bibcode
1505:1941269
1485:Bibcode
1476:Ecology
1425:2429129
1387:Bibcode
1379:Science
1322:Science
1206:9319572
1065:Zootaxa
823:morgani
781:Neptune
630:foregut
617:cryptic
609:prolegs
548:larva (
475:diurnal
391:⁄
380:insects
355:or the
338:tropics
334:species
207:Order:
201:Insecta
197:Class:
3963:989099
3937:598255
3921:NZOR:
3888:117293
3875:104026
3810:1SPHIF
3547:Doidae
1811:Flickr
1727:
1558:
1511:
1503:
1458:
1423:
1415:
1397:
1348:
1340:
1262:
1204:
1114:
720:Adults
652:Larvae
613:instar
512:Flight
490:Agrius
473:, are
467:, and
361:nectar
238:, 1802
3958:WoRMS
3950:71815
3870:IRMNG
3862:47213
3745:17229
1661:–972.
1556:S2CID
1509:S2CID
1501:JSTOR
1456:S2CID
1421:S2CID
1357:(PDF)
1346:S2CID
1318:(PDF)
1182:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
845:, in
318:moths
3914:7128
3909:NCBI
3883:ITIS
3849:8868
3844:GBIF
3823:6818
3805:EPPO
3753:BOLD
1725:ISBN
1413:PMID
1338:PMID
1260:ISBN
1213:2012
1202:PMID
1112:ISBN
1069:3148
872:and
851:Java
825:and
710:and
696:and
599:pupa
504:and
484:and
412:and
365:bats
312:The
263:1758
68:PreꞒ
3896:NBN
3797:905
3792:EoL
3784:GHS
3779:CoL
3771:193
3758:551
3720:AFD
1694:doi
1690:122
1548:doi
1493:doi
1448:doi
1405:doi
1383:315
1330:doi
1326:315
1194:doi
1190:198
1154:doi
1150:135
1073:doi
461:),
424:or
3982::
3960::
3947::
3934::
3911::
3898::
3885::
3872::
3859::
3846::
3833::
3820::
3807::
3794::
3781::
3768::
3755::
3722::
3707::
3692::
1773:.
1723:.
1721:24
1688:.
1653:.
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1554:.
1546:.
1536:12
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1499:.
1491:.
1481:69
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1419:.
1411:.
1403:.
1393:.
1381:.
1344:.
1336:.
1324:.
1320:.
1298:.
1270:^
1221:^
1200:.
1188:.
1184:.
1148:.
1142:.
1122:^
1085:^
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