85:, but only hate-media propaganda which calls for direct extermination was considered a crime against humanity. This definition was modified in the wake of crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and a new definition was provided for the Rwandan tribunals; hate-media propaganda considered to be a crime against humanity must be involved in the direct and indirect incitement of genocide which "must be defined ... as directly provoking the perpetrator(s) to commit genocide, whether through speeches, shouting, or threats uttered in public spaces or at public gatherings or through the sale or dissemination ... of written material or printed matter ... or through the public display of placards or posters, or through another means of audiovisual communication."
125:. Šešelj was accused of instigating crimes which included murder, torture and forcible expulsion on ethnic grounds. The indictment read, "By using the word 'instigated,' the Prosecution charges that the accused Vojislav Šešelj's speeches, communications, acts and/or omissions contributed to the perpetrators' decision to commit the crimes alleged."
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wrote, "The RTLM was created specifically as a tool of genocidaires to demonize Tutsi, lay the groundwork, then literally drive on the killing once the genocide started". In accordance with the definition of hate-media propaganda as a crime against humanity established at
Nuremberg and redefined in
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activities designed to undermine the peace process, including mining a soccer field, a water tower and the reopened railway between Zagreb and
Belgrade. The actions were blamed on Croats. KOG assistant chief Mustafa Candić described the use of technology to fabricate a conversation, making it sound
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which is promoted by media can be prosecuted by national laws; because of its proven ability to contribute to (and incite) genocide, however, hate media which is used to foment the cleansing of a particular national, ethnic, racial or religious group, in whole or in part, can be prosecuted for
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by helping
Rwandan authorities to "spur and direct killings in both those areas most eager to attack Tutsi members of the Hutu opposition and in areas where the killings initially were resisted". The radio station helped to fan hatred of the
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as if Croat authorities were telling Croats in Serbia to leave for an ethnically-pure
Croatia. The conversation was broadcast after a Serb attack on Croatians living in Serbia, forcing them to flee. He testified about another instance of
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involving a television broadcast of corpses described as Serb civilians killed by Croats. Candić testified that he believed that they were the bodies of Croats killed by Serbs, and corroborated the existence of
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Biju-Duval, Jean-Marie (2007). "'Hate Media'- Crimes
Against Humanity and Genocide: Opportunities Missed b the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda". In Allan Thompson (ed.).
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by emphasizing their cruelty and ruthlessness and telling "all citizens to see killing Tutsis as their responsibility", issuing instructions and orders to commit genocide. General
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EXPERT REPORT OF RENAUD DE LA BROSSE "Political
Propaganda and the Plan to Create 'A State For All Serbs:' Consequences of using media for ultra-nationalist ends" in five parts
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that contributes to the demonization and stigmatization of people who belong to different groups. It has played an influential role in the
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Chanady, Attila (April 1984). "Little Man, What Now? Der
Sturmer in the Weimar Republic, by Dennis E. Showalter".
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149:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
408:"ICTY indictment against Vojislav Seselj"
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235:The Media and the Rwandan Genocide
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109:Operations Opera and Labrador
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395:Milošević's Propaganda War
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571:News media manipulation
29:Radio Televizija Srbije
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157:Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza
151:(ICTR), RTLM founders
79:crime against humanity
57:Crime against humanity
25:incitement to genocide
119:Serbian Radical Party
528:10.3138/cjh.19.1.125
271:The Holocaust Museum
377:. ICTY. 2002-11-11
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219:References
123:war crimes
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193:Holocaust
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