373:. The courts of first instance and appeal decided that they didn't constitute an incitement to hatred towards the Catholics. The Supreme Court of Appeal held that the first court of appeal had made a procedural error, and referred the matter back to another court which confirmed the absence of conviction decided by the lower courts and considered that mockery of the Catholic religion, the faiths, the symbols, and the rites of the religious practice had not caused any state of mind for incitement to discrimination, hatred, or violence and was no justification to restrict the liberty of the press.
28:. Those laws protect individuals and groups from being defamed or insulted because they belong or do not belong, in fact or in fancy, to an ethnicity, a nation, a race, a religion, a sex, a sexual orientation, or a gender identity or because they have a handicap. The laws forbid any communication which is intended to incite discrimination against, hatred of, or harm to, anyone because of his belonging or not belonging, in fact or in fancy, to an ethnicity, a nation, a race, a religion, a sex, a sexual orientation, or a gender identity, or because he or she has a handicap.
198:
218:
188:
106:(named for its sponsor in the National Assembly) introduced a right to respond for any person who considers that a newspaper or other print medium has damaged his honor on the grounds of his ethnicity, nationality, race or religion. The Gayssot Act sets a punishment of five years' imprisonment and a €45,000 fine for the public expression of ideas that challenge the existence of the crimes against humanity committed by Nazi Germany during World War II as defined in the appendix to the
472:. To announce the event, the organization handed out a prospectus. The prospectus contained a head-and-shoulders image of a woman wearing a nun's bonnet. Near that image was the image of two pink condoms. The prospectus's text asked for the protection of Sainte Capote. A Catholic organization initiated proceedings on the ground that the prospectus insulted a group because of its religion. The court of first instance convicted
178:
453:—naked except for a big condom—on a cloud above a gathering of bishops. Text on the drawing has a white bishop telling a black bishop that Christ would have used a condom. A Catholic organization complained that the drawing insulted a group of people because of their religion. In November 2005, the court of first instance acquitted
440:. A Catholic organization complained that the billboard insulted a group of people because of their religion. The court of first instance convicted Girbaud, and ordered the billboard removed. In April 2005, a higher court upheld the conviction. In November 2006, the Supreme Court of Appeal annulled the conviction.
118:
The non-public insult of a person or a group of people because of their origin or their membership or their non-membership, true or supposed, to an ethnic group, a nation, sexual identity, gender identity, disability, a race or a specific religion is punishable by a fine of €500, or up to €3000 for a
310:
held that the first court of appeal had made an error, and referred the matter back to that court. The first court of appeal then held
Giniewski liable for defaming Catholics. Giniewski appealed, but the Supreme Court of Appeal rejected his contention that his aim was not to insult Catholics but to
72:
guarantees freedom of the press, subject to several prohibitions. Article 24 prohibits anyone from publicly inciting another to discriminate against, or to hate or to harm, a person or a group for belonging or not belonging, in fact or in fancy, to an ethnicity, a nation, a race, a religion, a sex,
510:
to a three-month, suspended prison-term and a fine of €5,000 for the offense of contesting information about the
Holocaust. The court also ordered him to pay €55,000 in damages to the plaintiffs and to pay for the judgment to be published in the newspapers that originally printed his remarks.
76:
Articles 32 and 33 prohibit anyone from publicly defaming or insulting a person or group for belonging or not belonging, in fact or in fancy, to an ethnicity, a nation, a race, a religion, a sex, or a sexual orientation, or for having a handicap. The penalty for defamation is up to a year of
499:, for insulting a group of people because of their religion. In March 2007, the court of first instance acquitted Val. The first court of appeal confirmed the lower court's judgment on the ground that the cartoons targeted only terrorists or fundamentalists—not the whole Muslim community.
87:
against a violator. Such a civil action must obey rules prescribed for a criminal proceeding, and a court may assess both civil damages and criminal penalties at the same time. Article 48-1 permits civil-rights organizations to seek damages for violations of the law.
332:—the actor who played the role of porn-tycoon Larry Flynt—in a loincloth made from the American flag, and suspended as though crucified upon the pubic area of a bikini-clad woman. A court rejected the organization's contention that the poster insulted Christians.
208:
73:
or a sexual orientation, or for having a handicap. The penalty for violating this prohibition is up to a year of imprisonment and a fine of up to €45,000, or either one of those, as well as the suspension of some civil rights in some cases.
265:. Several organizations argued that the film insulted Christians, but the trial judge allowed the film to be shown if it contained the warning—and if its advertising contained the warning—that the film was not an adaptation of the Bible.
658:
410:. During an interview, Houellebecq remarked that Islam is "the stupidest religion." The court decided the remark could neither be considered a racial insult to Muslims, nor an incitement to religious or racial hatred.
421:. The organizations argued that the novel insulted Arabs, Muslims, and Islam, and incited discrimination, hatred, and violence on religious and racial grounds. The legal proceedings foundered for procedural reasons.
305:
annulled the conviction. The
Catholic organization launched a civil action. The court of first instance decided that the article constituted a defamation of Catholics, but the first court of appeal disagreed. The
660:
Décret n 2005-284 du 25 mars 2005 relatif aux contraventions de diffamation, d'injure et de provocation non publiques à caractère discriminatoire et à la compétence du tribunal de police et de la juridiction de
301:". A Catholic organization initiated criminal proceedings on the ground that the article was an insult to a group because of its religion. The court of first instance convicted the newspaper, but the first
158:
passed the bill to enforce these rules to limit hateful content online. These rules may apply to all hateful content and extremism. Those who fail to comply face up to 75,000 to 250,000 euros per fine.
77:
imprisonment and a fine of up to €45,000, or either one of those punishments. The penalty for insult is up to six months of imprisonment and a fine of up to €22,500, or either one of those punishments.
83:
allows the public prosecutor to initiate criminal proceedings against a violator of the law either upon the complaint of a victim or upon his own initiative. A victim may choose to undertake a
902:
770:
145:
675:
890:
252:. The film put the biblical story of Mary and Joseph in a modern setting. The organizations said the film insulted their religion. The court refused to ban the film.
619:
432:. The billboard featured a photograph of 12 beautiful, well-dressed women and one shirtless man posed round a table in the manner of the characters in the painting
69:
486:
457:. In May 2006, a higher court confirmed the decision of the lower court. In May 2007, the Supreme Court of Appeal confirmed the decisions of the lower courts.
48:
as
Articles 166 and 167 of the local penal code until 2016. The articles persisted as a holdover from the German criminal code of 1871. Validated by
476:. The first court of appeal, the Court of Toulouse, upheld the conviction. In February 2006, the Supreme Court of Appeal annulled the conviction.
1053:
1002:
239:
by
Jacques Richard. The poster showed a young woman, covered only at the waist, with her arms and feet tied to a cross. No appeal was made.
1094:
916:
257:
958:
783:
297:. In the article, Giniewski criticizes the Pope, and states that "Catholic doctrine abetted the conception and the realization of
1058:
291:
by journalist, sociologist, and historian Paul
Giniewski. The article was a reaction to the publication of the papal encyclical
312:
425:
855:
629:. Produced in cooperation between the University of Indonesia and the Delegation of the European Commission. Archived from
1099:
1023:
805:
823:
630:
535:(MRAP) filed the charge against Bardot because, in a letter to the government about throat-cutting of animals during the
365:
illustrated with a disemboweled slept naked woman a crucifix crashed in the vagina and on another cover under the title:
469:
1033:
428:, a brand of women's clothing, had a billboard—40 metres long—placed on a building on the Avenue Charles-de-Gaulle in
307:
514:
In 2007, the
Supreme Court of Appeal considered a remark by a comedian during an interview published in the journal
1048:
1028:
433:
163:
155:
745:
1043:
995:
717:
320:
302:
197:
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released a special issue which featured cartoons pertinent to Islam, including some from the Danish newspaper
217:
187:
559:. It followed a legal complaint lodged by a Croat association in France over a 2012 interview Dylan gave to
524:
are a sect, a fraud". The court said the remark was an insult to a group defined by their place of origin.
1089:
945:
402:
In 2002, a court in Paris considered a complaint by several civil-rights organizations about a remark by
543:, she complained about "this population that leads us around by the nose, which destroys our country."
283:
233:
988:
244:
627:
Agama & Religiusitas di Eropa, Journal of
European Studies, Volume V - nr. 1, 2009, pp. 22–45
403:
293:
270:
924:
856:
JURIST - Paper Chase: France newspaper cleared of defamation for
Muhammad cartoons republication
691:
399:
officer. The organization said the poster was an insult to
Catholics. A court found otherwise.
335:
In 1998, a Christian organization asked to ban caricatures published by the satirical magazine
799:
532:
437:
429:
381:
In 2002, a Christian organization asked for the removal of a poster which advertised the film
318:
In 1997, a Christian organization asked for the removal of a poster which advertised the film
140:
107:
903:
Affaire des propos de Y, Cour de cassation, Assemblée plénière, 16 February 2007, N° 06-81785
413:
In 2002, several civil-rights organizations initiated civil and criminal proceedings against
337:
84:
21:
555:
was placed under judicial investigation in France for allegedly provoking ethnic hatred of
169:
On 18 June 2020, the French Constitutional Council struck down core provisions of the law.
844:
528:
507:
329:
262:
249:
211:
201:
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magazine. In April 2014, the case against Dylan himself was dropped, but the director of
349:(a play on the words Academy and penis), on inside page a cartoon with the Christ saying
325:
414:
275:
191:
181:
1083:
561:
516:
481:
445:
369:, a drawing representing Pope John-Paul II sodomized by a transvestite who exclaims:
136:
177:
492:
468:(the night of the Holy Condom), an informative evening about the prevention of the
388:
25:
1011:
540:
103:
154:. The law required the regulation of hateful content online. In July 2019, the
1070:
980:
552:
298:
278:
for being an insult to Muslims, because the novel was not forced on anyone.
221:
207:
127:
By legislation adopted in 1972, France may ban groups that advocate racism.
97:
37:
232:
In 1984, a judge of first instance prohibited a poster that advertised the
392:
45:
868:
556:
536:
450:
151:
41:
677:
Loi n 72-546 du 1 juillet 1972 relative Ă la lutte contre le racisme
242:
In 1985, three organizations asked a court in Paris to ban the film
166:
passed the legislation and it would likely to go effect in 18 June.
341:. One of its covers represented Christ dying with the inscription:
383:
216:
206:
196:
186:
176:
347:
was his name by Robert Obscene and Alain Porno from the Acadébite
521:
503:
396:
315:. The European Court held that the courts of France were wrong.
984:
491:. A Muslim organization initiated criminal proceedings against
345:(in French, "je suçe", which pronounces similarly to "Jesus")
57:
824:"French Magazine Is Cleared Over Muhammad Cartoons (Update2)"
60:. No convictions under Articles 166 and 167 were registered.
353:
and the apostles at the foot of the cross carrying banners:
311:
present an opinion in good faith. Giniewski appealed to the
533:
Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples
531:
was convicted for the fifth time for inciting hatred. The
959:"French court drops 'hate speech' case against Bob Dylan"
946:
Bob Dylan faces French legal inquiry over Croat remarks
771:
Cour d'appel de Versailles, 18 March 1998, N° 1996-2195
746:"What's Going on With France's Online Hate Speech Law?"
40:
in 1791; but the offence persisted in the regions of
891:
Affaire des propos de Bruno Gollnisch d'octobre 2004
268:In 1989, a court in Paris refused to ban the novel
869:"French far-right MEP fined for Holocaust remarks"
692:"France's law on hate speech gets a thumbs down"
56:, the articles forbade public blasphemy against
70:Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881
996:
572:s French edition was ordered to stand trial.
8:
718:"France: Analysis of draft hate speech bill"
653:
651:
620:"Limits to expression on religion in France"
845:Marithé & François Girbaud: Last supper
786:. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009
1003:
989:
981:
784:"Houellebecq Acquitted of Insulting Islam"
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
817:
815:
603:
601:
599:
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595:
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255:In 1988, a court refused to ban the film
889:See the French Knowledge (XXG) article
581:
797:
443:On 25 April 2005, the daily newspaper
7:
740:
738:
391:. The poster depicted a cross and a
917:"Is Brigitte Bardot Bashing Islam?"
822:Viscusi, Gregory (22 March 2007).
527:In 2008, legendary French actress
502:On 18 January 2007, a tribunal in
328:. The poster depicted a miniature
102:Act 90-615 of 13 July 1990 or the
14:
867:Mahony, Honor (19 January 2007).
361:, in back page, a drawing titled
108:London Agreement of 8 August 1945
915:Crumley, Bruce (15 April 2008).
417:and her publisher for the novel
36:France abolished the offence of
150:) that is similar to Germany's
479:In 2006, the satirical weekly
351:Why have you forsaken Me Jerk?
313:European Court of Human Rights
1:
367:the Pope at the transvestites
258:The Last Temptation of Christ
54:le DĂ©cret du 25 Novembre 1919
470:human immunodeficiency virus
1095:Hate speech laws by country
466:La nuit de la Sainte-Capote
1116:
520:. The comedian said that "
460:In 2005, the organization
406:, the author of the novel
355:pension forced to 33 years
95:
18:hate speech laws in France
1067:
1019:
804:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
449:published a depiction of
321:The People vs Larry Flynt
81:La loi du 29 juillet 1881
50:La loi du 17 Octobre 1919
905:, on legifrance.gouv.fr.
773:, on legifrance.gouv.fr.
618:Janssen, Esther (2009).
426:Marithé François Girbaud
363:miscellaneous news item
308:Supreme Court of Appeal
289:L'obscurité de l'erreur
281:In 1994, the newspaper
287:published the article
224:
214:
204:
194:
184:
495:, editor-in-chief of
284:Le Quotidien de Paris
220:
210:
200:
190:
180:
139:drafted legislation (
1100:Censorship in France
419:La Rage et l'Orgueil
245:Je vous salue, Marie
162:On 13 May 2020, the
64:Freedom of the press
20:are matters of both
636:on 17 February 2010
474:Aides Haute-Garonne
462:Aides Haute-Garonne
123:Other fields of law
404:Michel Houellebecq
395:, a priest, and a
294:Veritatis Splendor
271:The Satanic Verses
225:
215:
205:
195:
185:
131:Online hate speech
1077:
1076:
698:. 4 December 2019
438:Leonardo da Vinci
430:Neuilly-sur-Seine
371:welcome to Brazil
164:National Assembly
156:National Assembly
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927:on 16 April 2008
923:. Archived from
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871:. euobserver.com
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338:La Grosse Bertha
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119:repeat offence.
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1014:laws by country
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965:. 15 April 2014
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529:Brigitte Bardot
508:Bruno Gollnisch
488:Jyllands-Posten
434:The Last Supper
424:In March 2005,
379:
330:Woody Harrelson
303:court of appeal
263:Martin Scorsese
250:Jean-Luc Godard
230:
212:Brigitte Bardot
202:Bruno Gollnisch
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135:In March 2019,
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752:. 23 June 2020
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580:
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415:Oriana Fallaci
378:
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359:Job insecurity
276:Salman Rushdie
229:
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192:Oriana Fallaci
182:Salman Rushdie
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562:Rolling Stone
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967:. Retrieved
962:
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941:
929:. Retrieved
925:the original
920:
910:
898:
885:
873:. Retrieved
862:
851:
840:
828:. Retrieved
788:. Retrieved
778:
766:
756:20 September
754:. Retrieved
749:
725:. Retrieved
721:
712:
700:. Retrieved
695:
686:
681:(in French).
676:
670:
659:
638:. Retrieved
631:the original
626:
566:
560:
550:
547:2010–present
539:festival of
526:
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173:Select cases
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85:civil action
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67:
53:
49:
35:
26:criminal law
17:
15:
1012:Hate speech
727:18 February
702:18 February
665:(in French)
541:Eid al-Adha
144: [
104:Gayssot Act
1084:Categories
1071:Hate crime
1069:See also:
969:14 January
722:Article 19
576:References
506:sentenced
464:organized
455:Libération
446:Libération
114:Penal code
1024:Australia
963:France 24
661:proximité
553:Bob Dylan
408:Platforme
299:Auschwitz
236:Ave Maria
222:Bob Dylan
98:Holocaust
92:Holocaust
38:blasphemy
32:Blasphemy
22:civil law
800:cite web
551:In 2013
393:swastika
141:Avia law
1034:Denmark
750:Lawfare
377:2000–09
343:I suck
228:1984–99
46:Moselle
1049:Poland
1039:France
1029:Canada
931:24 May
875:23 May
830:23 May
790:25 May
640:22 May
557:Croats
537:Muslim
451:Christ
152:NetzDG
42:Alsace
1044:India
634:(PDF)
623:(PDF)
570:'
384:Amen.
234:film
148:]
971:2015
933:2010
921:Time
877:2010
832:2010
806:link
792:2010
758:2020
729:2020
704:2020
696:EDRi
642:2010
522:Jews
504:Lyon
397:Nazi
68:The
52:and
44:and
24:and
16:The
436:by
387:by
324:by
274:by
261:by
248:by
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