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and come to Far West. "What?" said the messenger, whose name was Jacob Hawn, the owner of mill, "leave the mill and let it be burnt down? We think we can maintain it." "If you maintain it" said Joseph, "you will do well do as you please." The messenger returned and said if we thought we could maintain the mill it was Joseph's council for us to do it, if we thought not, to come to Far West and we thought from the way the thing was represented it would be like cowards to leave and not try to maintain it, and as they agreed to be at peace we thought to gather up our houses would be useless, for we did not know that it was Joseph's decided council for us to do so . . ."
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most of the men headed to the blacksmith shop. The building was a particularly vulnerable structure as the widely-spaced logs enabled the attackers to fire inside. The shop became a deathtrap, since the militia gave no quarter, discharging about 100 rifles into the building. Grand River
Township Justice of the Peace Thomas McBride, wounded while escaping the blacksmith shop, surrendered his gun to Jacob S Rogers Jr., who shot him and then hacked his body with a corn knife (scythe blade). According to their own account, they fired seven rounds making upwards of 1,600 shots during the attack of Hawn's Mill. The attack lasted 30 to 60 minutes.
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415:), and 9-year-old Charles Merrick hiding under the blacksmith's bellows. Alma and Charles were shot (Charles later died), and a militia man known as "Glaze, of Carroll county", killed Sardius when he "put his musket against Sardius's skull and blew off the top of his head." Later, a William Reynolds would justify the killing by saying, "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon." William Champlin who was "playing possum" heard the conversations, was discovered, held captive a few days, then released.
431:(15), Sardius Smith (10), Warren Smith (44), and John York (62). Fifteen more had been injured: Jacob Foutz (38), Jacob Hawn (34), Charles Jameson (35), Nathan K. Knight (36), Isaac Leany (24), Tarlton Lewis (33), Gilmon Merrill (30), George Myers (29), Jacob Myers Jr.(23), Jacob Potts (25), Hiram Rathbun, Alma Smith (7), Mary Stedwell, John Walker (44), and William Yokum (33). There were a few uninjured men, including William Champlin (44), Ellis Eames (48), Rial Eames (25), David Lewis (24), and David Evans (34).
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459:'s direction to relocate to Far West but did not convey this direction to any of the others at Hawn's Mill. Of the matter, Smith recorded, "Up to this day God had given me wisdom to save the people who took counsel. None had ever been killed who abode by my counsel." Then he recorded that innocent lives could have been saved at Hawn's Mill had his counsel been received and followed.
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During the council meeting, a delayed group of about ten Mormon emigrant families from
Kirtland Camp arrived at the settlement and camped near the blacksmith shop. That evening, one of the militia groups sent a representative who negotiated a truce with the settlers. Monday the 29th and most of Tuesday the 30th passed without incident.
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On
October 30 at approximately 4 p.m., the militia rode into the community. David Evans, a leader in the community, ran towards the militia, waving his hat and calling for peace. Alerted to the militia's approach, most of the Latter-day Saint women and children fled into the woods to the south, while
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The threat posed by the growing strength and animosity of the
Missouri militia caused considerable concern among the Mormon settlers at Hawn's Mill. They held a council on Sunday, October 28 and decided to organize a defensive force. Thirty-six men were armed and held in readiness against an attack.
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As this and other confrontations unfolded between
Mormons and the people in the state of Missouri, Mormons appealed for redress from the federal government, accusing the state of Missouri with complicity in violence against Mormons for the state's failure to investigate or prosecute those involved.
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Captain
Nehemiah Comstock's contingent of Livingston militia occupied the mill for nearly three weeks harassing and plundering the Mormons. Life during the winter of 1838–1839 became essentially that of day-to-day survival. Most of the families banded together until they could make arrangements to
451:
David Lewis relates "Although we had been counseled by Joseph the
Prophet to leave the mill and go to Far West, but being deceived by the messenger we sent him for council, we understood it not, for our messenger said to Joseph what shall we do that is at the mill, Joseph said gather up all of you
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established on the banks of Shoal Creek in
Fairview Township, Caldwell County, Missouri in 1835–1836 by Jacob Hawn. Hawn was the son of German emigrants to Canada, who resettled in New York, where Jacob was born. While Jacob moved to Missouri and founded the mill around the same time as the Mormon
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As a result of the massacre 17 Mormons died: Hiram Abbott (25), Elias Benner (43), John Byers, Alexander
Campbell, Simon Cox, Josiah Fuller (35), Austin Hammer (34), John Lee, Benjamin Lewis (35), Thomas McBride (62), Charles Merrick (9), Levi Merrick (30), William Napier (43), George S. Richards
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Four of the 240 militiamen were wounded, but none fatally. John Hart, a
Livingston resident, was wounded in the arm. John Renfrow had his thumb shot off. Allen England, a citizen of Daviess, was severely wounded in the thigh. Jacob S. Rogers Jr., a Daviess resident, was shot in the hip by Nathan
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The next morning, fourteen of the dead were slid from a plank into a large unfinished dry well and covered with straw and a thin layer of dirt. Benjamin Lewis (33), originally buried on the David Lewis farm, was later exhumed and moved to a local cemetery; Charles Merrick (9) died later and was
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Militia member and state legislator Major Daniel Ashby stated in the Missouri House of Representatives that reports from Mormon dissenters led to the attack of Hawn's Mill. Those Hawn's Mill settlement dissenters were Robert White, George Miller, and Sardis Smith.
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reported in the church's archives that Captain Comstock, who previously had assured the Mormons at the mill of their safety, had returned the next day attacking them, saying he had received an order from Governor Boggs via Colonel Ashley. However, historian
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was led overall by Colonel Thomas Jennings, of Livingston County with William O. Jennings (Sheriff of Livingston County), Nehemiah Comstock, and William Gee as captains of the three companies. At the time of the attack, the militia consisted of 240 men from
469:
move along with the rest of the Saints to Illinois. Non-Mormon Harrison Severe, who had refused to join the mob, left with the Mormons. By the end of February 1839, all of the Mormons had left. Jacob Hawn moved to Oregon and became a pioneer settler of
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This marker and the red millstone were intended to mark the well where the victims were buried. In 1941 the landowner moved them, unaware that he had moved the marker from over the burial point. The exact location of the well is now not
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opined the local militia likely had not yet received news of this specific executive order, but rather the militia responded to the open hostility to Mormons that was already prevalent in Missouri, even before the order was published.
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migration to Missouri, he was not a Mormon. However, by October 1838 there were approximately 75 Mormon families living along the banks of Shoal Creek, about 30 of them in the immediate vicinity of Hawn's Mill and the James Houston
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Several other bodies were mutilated, while many women were assaulted. Houses were robbed, wagons, tents, and clothing were stolen, and horses and livestock were driven off, leaving the surviving women and children destitute.
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After the massacre, Philo Dibble stated that "Brother Joseph had sent word by Hawn, who owned the mill, to inform the brethren who were living there to leave and come to Far West, but Mr. Hawn did not deliver the message."
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After the initial attack, several of those who had been wounded or had surrendered were shot dead. Members of the militia entered the shop and found 10-year-old Sardius Smith, 7-year-old Alma Smith (sons of
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Letter from Senator Daniel Ashby (Tenth Senatorial District), Jefferson City, MO to General John B. Clark, 1st Division of Missouri Militia, Mormon War Papers, 16A/2/9, Box 2, Folder 13, 11/28/1838.
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Shortly before the massacre, anti-Mormon raiders confiscated guns and weapons from Mormon settlers and immigrants. Some of those living in the surrounding area gathered at Hawn's Mill for safety.
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In 1941, Mr. P.E. Gastineau of Cowgill, Missouri, owner of the land, gave permission for Mr. Glenn Setzer, ex-county official, to place a commemorative marker, and hold a program on July 13.
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Land Entries Book, Recorder of Deeds Office, Caldwell County Courthouse, Kingston, Caldwell, Missouri 64650, Jacob Hawn, 7 December 1835, Township 56 Range 26 NW¼ NE¼, 40 acres.
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303:. While the spelling "Haun" is common when referring to the massacre or the mill where it occurred, the mill's owner used the spelling "Hawn" in legal documents.
463:"For I am the Lord your God, and will save all those of your brethren who have been pure in heart, and have been slain in the land of Missouri, saith the Lord.
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Baugh, Alexander L, A Call to Arms: the 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri, Doctoral Dissertation, Brigham Young University, 2000.
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855:, Vol. 15, St. Louis, Monday, December 24, 1838, No. 1723. Letter from the Editor, City of Jefferson City, 19, 1838.
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Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992, p. 694.
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Land Entries Book, Recorder of Deeds Office, Caldwell County Courthouse, Kingston, Caldwell, Missouri 64650.
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372:("Extermination Order" of 1838) there is debate as to whether the participants in the massacre knew of it.
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Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992,
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Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict, Edited by Clark V. Johnson, 1992.
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1267:(Spring 2010), "Jacob Hawn and the Hawn's Mill Massacre: Missouri millwright and Oregon pioneer",
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https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/record/d9dd0acc-9381-47c5-8c4c-9c996ed19f33?view=browse
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buried elsewhere; and Hiram Abbott (25) was later removed to his father's place where he died.
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Missouri Mormon Frontier Foundation Newsletter, Number 18/19, Summer/Fall 1998, pp. 14-16.
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919:- Nathan K. Knight, Levi Merrick, Abraham Palmer, Warren Smith, John Walker, Joseph Young.
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https://www.sos.mo.gov/cmsimages/archives/resources/findingaids/fulltext/b02_f13.pdf
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had acquired the property and the Far West burying ground from Community of Christ.
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Joseph Young account in 1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri.
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815:"Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois"
637:"Jacob Hawn and the Hawn's Mill Massacre: Missouri Millwright and Oregon Pioneer"
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Until 2012, the grounds of the massacre were maintained as a historic site by
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Massacre survivor Jacob Foutz lived another 10 years and died in Utah in 1848
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http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/mocohist/id/62024/rec/74
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http://cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/mocohist/id/62024
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http://cdm16795.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/mocohist/id/62024
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Although the massacre took place a few days after Missouri's governor,
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Massacre of Latter Day Saints at Hawn's Mill in Missouri, United States
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1840 US Federal Census, Missouri, Caldwell and Livingston counties.
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http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782
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1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri, p. 150.
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1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri, p. 148.
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http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782
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http://cdm15999.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/rsc/id/44782
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The Hawn's Mill Massacre was dramatized in the 1977 American film
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Historic sites of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Isaac Leany petitions, in Johnson, Mormon Redress Petitions, 487.
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Transcription of Joseph Young Affidavit of Haun’s Mill Massacre
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in Missouri, it has long been remembered by the members of the
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1142:. National Historical Company. 1886. p. 158 – via
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A Call to Arms: the 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri
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1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri.
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1886 History of Caldwell and Livingston counties, Missouri
934:. Vol. III (December 2012 ed.). pp. 182–186.
737:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Andrew Jenson. pp. 671 and 673
676:"Setting the record straight on the 'Hawn's' Mill Massacre"
353:, as well as prominent men like Major Daniel Ashby of the
1104:. Vol. 5 (December 2012 ed.). pp. 136–137.
1055:"Hauns Mill Massacre: 'New Insights and Interpretations'"
774:. St. Louis, Missouri: National Historical Company. 1886.
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History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri
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History of Caldwell and Livingston counties Missouri
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Religiously motivated violence in the United States
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1458:Expulsion of Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri
715:1840 US Federal Census, Caldwell County Missouri.
489:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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972:. New York: H.B Hall & Sons. p. 127
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275:) occurred on October 30, 1838, when a mob/
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495:Portrayal in art, entertainment, and media
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56:. Please do not remove this message until
1127:, Brigham Young University, 2000, p. 126.
328:The unauthorized militia involved in the
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1597:Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site
1169:(1). Mormon History Association: 51–53.
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52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1676:Washington D.C. Temple Visitors' Center
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568:List of massacres in the United States
505:a biopic of American religious figure
1159:"Mormon Appeals for Justice, 1843-44"
487:. In May 2012, it was announced that
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1340:Haun's Mill massacre narrative, 1839
1053:Lloyd, R. Scott (November 9, 2013).
295:. By far the bloodiest event in the
2043:New Zealand Temple Visitors' Center
2038:Mexico City Temple Visitors' Center
1978:Laie Hawaii Temple Visitors' Center
2008:St. George Temple Visitors' Center
455:It appears that Hawn had received
25:
674:Jensen, Emily W. (May 30, 2010).
2060:Latter Day Saint movement Portal
2053:
1942:Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument
1666:Joseph Smith Birthplace Memorial
1531:
1452:The Evening and the Morning Star
1391:
1379:L. Tom Perry Special Collections
1279:Mormon Historic Sites Foundation
1157:Rogers, Brent M. (Winter 2013).
644:Mormon Historic Sites Foundation
550:Latter Day Saint movement portal
542:
239:The Haun’s Mill stone is now in
110:
31:
2125:Mormonism-related controversies
513:. It was also depicted in the
2115:Massacres in the United States
1988:Mormon Battalion Historic Site
1937:Granite Mountain Records Vault
1897:Church Administration Building
1892:Joseph Smith Memorial Building
1758:Independence (Zion) Temple Lot
1114:Doctrine and Covenants 124:54.
1:
2100:Deaths by firearm in Missouri
1998:Pipe Spring National Monument
1763:Independence Visitors' Center
254:shortly after being recovered
128:Fairview township in eastern
1498:Gallatin election day battle
966:Tullidge, Edward W. (1877).
885:James McBride autobiography.
229:, and anti-Mormon volunteers
2110:Livingston County, Missouri
1656:Priesthood Restoration Site
1523:Boggs assassination attempt
646:. Mormon Historical Studies
573:Missouri Executive Order 44
370:Missouri Executive Order 44
281:Livingston County, Missouri
220:Livingston County, Missouri
210:15, plus 4 of the attackers
58:conditions to do so are met
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2003:Polynesian Cultural Center
1947:This is the Place Monument
1705:Joseph Smith Mansion House
1040:David Lewis autobiography
873:David Lewis autobiography.
583:Salt Creek Canyon massacre
529:Under the Banner of Heaven
522:(1993), as well as in the
355:Missouri state legislature
2095:Caldwell County, Missouri
2051:
1630:Historic Kirtland Village
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1493:Rigdon's July 4th oration
1468:Caldwell County, Missouri
1441:
1304:Encyclopedia of Mormonism
1270:Mormon Historical Studies
1163:Journal of Mormon History
999:David Lewis autobiography
823:Mormon Historical Studies
578:Mountain Meadows Massacre
301:Latter Day Saint movement
289:Caldwell County, Missouri
227:Missouri State militiamen
130:Caldwell County, Missouri
109:
100:
18:Haun's Mill Massacre
2105:Latter Day Saint martyrs
1720:Nauvoo Historic District
1387:Brigham Young University
1349:Brigham Young University
1015:January 1, 2017, at the
563:Latter Day Saint martyrs
519:Legacy: A Mormon Journey
2155:Massacres of Christians
1902:Relief Society Building
1791:Mormon Pioneer Cemetery
1710:Nauvoo Visitors' Center
1503:Battle of Crooked River
1364:The Missouri Mormon War
1293:Blair, Alma R. (1992),
558:Fountain Green massacre
293:Battle of Crooked River
159:39.670241°N 93.839035°W
2120:Mormonism and violence
1973:Farmington Rock Chapel
1952:Brigham Young Monument
1932:Church History Library
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1671:Peter Whitmer log home
1634:Newel K. Whitney Store
1295:"Haun's Mill Massacre"
1144:Missouri State Library
969:The Women of Mormondom
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368:, issued his infamous
361:of Livingston County.
287:settlement in eastern
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241:Breckenridge, Missouri
1927:Church History Museum
1907:Brigham Young Complex
1818:Kanesville Tabernacle
1383:Harold B. Lee Library
1345:Harold B. Lee Library
1343:(archival material),
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1101:History of The Church
931:History of the Church
791:Joseph Young account.
734:The Historical Record
515:Latter-day Saint film
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357:and Thomas R. Bryan,
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164:39.670241; -93.839035
1743:Far West Temple Site
1513:Hawn's Mill massacre
1400:at Wikimedia Commons
1309:Macmillan Publishing
1123:Baugh, Alexander L,
694:Joseph Young account
613:The Mormon Hierarchy
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273:Haun’s Mill Massacre
269:Hawn’s Mill Massacre
96:Hawn's Mill Massacre
2150:Mormonism and death
2145:October 1838 events
2028:Gadfield Elm Chapel
1786:Mormon Trail Center
1508:Extermination Order
1265:Baugh, Alexander L.
1079:"Safety in Counsel"
853:Missouri Republican
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485:Community of Christ
413:Amanda Barnes Smith
155: /
103:Missouri Mormon War
45:of this article is
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2130:Murder in Missouri
1473:Far West, Missouri
633:Baugh, Alexander L
616:. pp. 99–100.
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379:William G. Hartley
311:Hawn's Mill was a
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610:(December 2012).
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351:Chariton counties
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116:"Haun's Mill" by
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1311:, p. 577,
1292:
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1258:Further reading
1255:
1254:
1235:(May 8, 2012).
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1195:
1193:
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1109:
1098:Smith, Joseph.
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105:and Mormon Wars
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1753:Liberty Jail
1611:Sacred Grove
1602:Hill Cumorah
1518:Liberty Jail
1512:
1450:
1362:
1339:
1307:, New York:
1302:
1274:
1268:
1247:the original
1240:
1227:
1218:
1206:
1196:February 10,
1194:. Retrieved
1166:
1162:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1124:
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1110:
1099:
1093:
1082:
1069:
1058:
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1023:
1004:
995:
986:
974:. Retrieved
968:
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911:
899:
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869:
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848:
836:
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821:
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770:
739:. Retrieved
733:
711:
690:
681:Deseret News
679:
669:
660:
648:. Retrieved
643:
611:
602:
527:
517:
500:
498:
482:
479:
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467:
462:
461:
457:Joseph Smith
454:
450:
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437:
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417:
409:
405:
396:
388:
384:
363:
327:
310:
291:, after the
272:
268:
266:
215:Perpetrators
180:About 4 p.m.
90:
72:
66:October 2017
63:
41:
1768:Hawn's Mill
1488:Salt sermon
1463:Zion's Camp
1398:Haun's Mill
1060:Church News
976:January 29,
741:January 28,
650:December 7,
374:Hyrum Smith
307:Hawn's Mill
162: /
137:Coordinates
2074:Categories
1916:Lion House
1856:Tabernacle
1446:Temple Lot
594:References
339:Livingston
318:blacksmith
279:unit from
223:Regulators
202:17 Mormons
150:93°50′21″W
147:39°40′13″N
43:neutrality
1968:Cove Fort
1581:Northeast
1357:367427577
1287:722375475
1191:254493585
1031:, p. 158.
443:Aftermath
252:millstone
54:talk page
2021:Non-U.S.
1735:Missouri
1622:Kirtland
1327:24502140
1183:24243744
1013:Archived
813:(2001).
635:(2010).
588:Utah War
536:See also
532:(2022).
526:series,
402:Massacre
330:massacre
125:Location
101:Part of
47:disputed
1871:Gardens
1689:Midwest
1589:Palmyra
1301:(ed.),
830:(1): 6.
502:Brigham
347:Carroll
335:Daviess
277:militia
207:Injured
189:muskets
185:Weapons
1697:Nauvoo
1483:Danite
1355:
1325:
1315:
1285:
1189:
1181:
1084:Ensign
320:shop.
285:Mormon
271:(also
263:known.
199:Deaths
193:rifles
1961:Other
1881:Organ
1806:Other
1649:Other
1297:, in
1277:(1),
1187:S2CID
1179:JSTOR
818:(PDF)
640:(PDF)
393:Truce
359:Clerk
218:~240
1831:West
1353:OCLC
1323:OCLC
1313:ISBN
1283:OCLC
1198:2016
978:2015
743:2015
652:2015
524:Hulu
349:and
313:mill
267:The
191:and
175:Date
40:The
1171:doi
343:Ray
2076::
1385:,
1381:,
1377:,
1351:,
1347:,
1337:,
1321:,
1281:,
1275:11
1273:,
1239:.
1185:.
1177:.
1167:39
1165:.
1161:.
1081:.
1057:.
878:^
826:.
820:.
780:^
751:^
720:^
699:^
678:.
642:.
622:^
473:.
465:"
345:,
341:,
337:,
250:A
225:,
1918:)
1909:(
1883:)
1879:(
1873:)
1849:(
1793:)
1636:)
1632:(
1613:)
1609:(
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1330:.
1200:.
1173::
1146:.
1087:.
1063:.
980:.
828:2
745:.
684:.
654:.
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
60:.
50:.
20:)
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