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arrived, they provided the
Yanomami with charitable gifts. Once the number of miners increased, the balance of power was altered, and they began to consider the Yanomami nuisances. Tensions arose when the Yanomami wanted more Western goods, such as medicine, clothes and food, which they had come to
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Furthermore, reports by major media exaggerated the number of
Yanomami who were killed, based on the account of the first Brazilian to visit the village. He claimed at a press conference to have seen several decapitated bodies there. which somehow led people to believe that 73 Yanomami had died.
165:, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group' is genocide. The Supreme Court ruling is highly significant and sends an important warning to those who continue to commit crimes against indigenous peoples in Brazil."
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In the first attack, the garimpeiros killed four or five young men of the
Yanomami Haximu-teri. In response, the natives made two raids against the miners, killing at least two of them and wounding two more. Following this raid, the
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However, historians and scholars have deemed this portrayal to be incorrect. It was discovered later that the
Yanomami burned the bodies for mourning rituals. Interviews with survivors by Bruce Albert shed further doubt.
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Scholars studying the history of the gold rushes in Haximu noticed a recurring pattern of activities between the miners and the
Yanomami, which Bruce Albert referred to as the "gold mining trap." When the first few
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through the southern area of the natives’ territory. This road initiated the arrival of gold miners, which includes those who came during a gold rush beginning in 1987.
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rely on after the miners arrived. As a result, violence often arose between the groups. Such a pattern may have been the reason why the miners attacked the
Yanomami.
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from the miners. However, it was also reported that he claimed that 20 people from his tribe were killed, which was later proven to be false.
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attacked again, killing about 12 Yanomami (almost all of them elderly, youths or infants) and burned down the Haximu village.
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In a plenary session, the
Supreme Federal Court (STF) reaffirmed that the crime known as the Haximu massacre " was a
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Tierney, Patrick, Darkness in El Dorado (New York: W.W Norton & Company, 2000), 195.
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It was a unanimous decision made during the judgment of
Extraordinary Appeal (RE) 351487
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found and studied the people. Between 1973 and 1976 the
Brazilians built the
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in Brazil, with conflict between
Brazilian miners and the Yanomami people.
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Victor Engelbert, “A Once Hidden People: The Yanomami of Brazil’s Amazon”,
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to attack the Yanomami is uncertain and accounts vary. A former
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Vincent, Isabel. "Everyone died—the Yanomami want revenge",
292:"Federal Court is competent to judge the Haximu genocide"
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tribe remained isolated until sometime in the 1960s when
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border, beginning in mid-June or July of 1993. Sixteen
161:, ratified by Brazil, states that the killing 'with
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Details pertaining to this massacre remain elusive.
130:In a newsletter published on August 7, 2006, the
110:(chief) of Haximu named Antonio claimed that the
69:was the result of tensions surrounding the 1987
359:Genocide of indigenous peoples of South America
211:(USA: School of American Research, 1995), 375.
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49:, or gold miners who mine the land illegally.
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31:in 1993. The conflict occurred just outside
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114:attacked his people after they stole a
102:The specific incident that caused the
275:Supreme Court upholds genocide ruling
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319:20th-century mass murder in Brazil
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339:July 1993 events in South America
334:June 1993 events in South America
43:people were killed by a group of
294:. Indianist Missionary Council.
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16:1993 armed conflict in Brazil
146:Commenting on the case, the
132:Indianist Missionary Council
253:, August 28, 1993, sec. A6.
176:List of massacres in Brazil
27:, was an armed conflict in
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159:UN convention on genocide
354:1993 murders in Brazil
279:Survival International
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151:Survival International
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207:Ferguson, R. Brian,
126:Genocide allegations
23:, also known as the
314:Massacres in Brazil
35:, Brazil, near the
251:The Globe and Mail
324:Massacres in 1993
163:intent to destroy
25:Yanomami massacre
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349:July 1993 crimes
344:June 1993 crimes
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209:Yanomami Warfare
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83:Perimetral Norte
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238:World and I
112:garimpeiros
104:garimpeiros
91:garimpeiros
55:garimpeiros
46:garimpeiros
308:Categories
182:References
61:Background
37:Venezuelan
71:gold rush
329:Yanomami
170:See also
140:genocide
67:massacre
41:Yanomami
153:said,
116:hammock
33:Haximu
29:Brazil
157:"The
108:tuxua
65:This
19:The
148:NGO
310::
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267:^
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190:^
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