394:
this sequence, suggesting that James Boyle left the castle to Howell Gwynne in 1603, and that the mansion was built at the beginning of the century. In either case, the
Jacobean building was two storeys tall, three with its facade included, and featured seven dormer gables in a Dutch style and a large staircase. It was built from stone and incorporated the upper floors of the old keep into its design. Formal gardens were constructed outside the keep either around the start of the 17th century or after 1660. In 1702, the house was divided up among different tenants, and passed into the hands of the local Wellington family. Until 1812, the basement of the keep was used to supplement the town gaol.
38:
477:
next to the gateway; this fragment of wall is 6 feet (1.8 m) thick and shows the original bank to have been as much as 25 feet (7.6 m) high when viewed from the outside, but is in poor condition. The wooden door on the left side of the gateway probably dates from around 1300, and the right door from the early 17th century. There are some limited remains of the old walled garden interspersed in the modern housing estate. The main castle site is protected under law as a Grade I
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mansion. Two explanations have been offered by historians for this redevelopment. One possibility is that during the first half of the 17th century Howell Gwynne built a manor house to the west of the old keep, which was replaced by a new mansion in 1660 by James Boyle of
Hereford. Another reverses
227:
and the property became a private home. Serious fires in 1939 and 1977 gutted the castle and, despite repairs in the 1980s, by the early 21st century much of the building was derelict and unstable. Since 2011 it has been owned by Hay Castle Trust who have restored the property to form a centre for
476:
The castle site is now approximately 110 by 100 metres (360 by 330 ft) across. The
Jacobean mansion has been restored to create the centre for arts, literature and learning. The earlier buildings have been stabilised. None of the earthworks or curtain wall survive, except for a small portion
446:
and as a location for parties, with a holiday cottage in the grounds. Much of the walled garden was sold for development in 1975, and another fire in 1977 destroyed the interior of the western half of the castle: repairs were carried out from the 1980s onwards.
482:
282:
to one of his followers, Philip Walwyn. The first castle in Hay, later abandoned, was built by St Mary's church outside the main settlement, where a motte known as Hay Tump still survives. The
English lordship of Hay, known as
437:
was employed to restore the house in 1910 and it was sold to the banker
Benjamin Guinness in 1937. A major fire then destroyed the interior of the eastern side of the castle in 1939. Around 1961, the castle was acquired by
269:
from the late 1060s onwards, pushing westwards from their bases in recently occupied
England. Their advance was marked by the construction of castles and the creation of regional lordships. The Norman adventurer
1636:
413:. The terraced gardens were maintained during the 19th century, with various trees planted behind the castle in the 1860s and 1870s, and a stable block was built within the grounds.
450:
In 2011 the castle was sold for around £2 million to Hay Castle Trust, which acquired it to restore the building for use as a centre for arts, literature and learning. The firm of
454:
was appointed to design the restoration, to include an art gallery and a viewing point at the top of the keep. The restoration was funded by grants of over £5 million from the
1631:
295:. In the late 11th or early 12th century, a new fortification was built inside Hay itself, on high ground around 200 metres (660 ft) from the old
288:
1621:
347:
425:
Plan of the castle in the 21st century; A – terraced gardens; B – mansion; C – keep and gateway; D – stable and service block; E – rear garden
373:
visited in the 16th century, the town of Hay was "wonderfully decaied" although the castle was described as having once "bene right stately".
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Hay Castle from the north, before the 2022 restoration, showing the gateway and keep (left) and the mansion house (right)
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overlooking the town in either the late 11th or the early 12th centuries. It was rebuilt in stone around 1200 by the
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Between 1904 and 1906 the castle was rented by the Morell family, after which it was occupied by the
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Garden
Archaeology: Papers Presented to a Conference at Knuston Hall, Northamptonshire, April 1988
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arts, literature and learning. Following the restoration, partly funded by grants from the
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318:. The castle tenants used the chapel of St John in the town for their worship. During the
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leased the castle, going on to purchase it outright in 1844, and established a walled
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462:. The castle opened to the public for the first time in its history on 26 May 2022.
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and then had a turbulent history, being attacked and burnt several times during the
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attacked and burnt the town and castle in 1231 and the castle was then rebuilt by
458:, together with additional funding from trusts, foundations, individuals and the
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Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and
Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales
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known as Castle
Gardens to the south-west of the main castle. It was used as a
304:
279:
250:
176:
85:
1067:
575:
122:
109:
1482:
Burton, Peter A. (2010–2011), "Original Castle Gates and Doors – A Survey",
1464:
Briggs, C. S. (1991), "Garden
Archaeology in Wales", in Brown, A. E. (ed.),
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Hay Castle was substantially expanded in the 17th century, creating a
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The de Braose dynasty expanded Hay Castle in stone around 1200 with a
1585:
The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland in or about the years 1536–1539
1070:, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
578:, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
287:, became a wealthy walled town and the lands passed by marriage to
1495:
The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284
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184:
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93:
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1468:, London, UK: Council for British Archaeology, pp. 138–159,
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reinforced by intramural timbers, turning the gate tower into a
224:
346:
captured the castle in 1263 but it was recaptured and burnt by
330:
who successfully attacked the castle in 1215. The Welsh prince
1524:
Forde, Mari (2015), "Saving the Castle in the Town of Books",
752:"'Hay – Herbrandston', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales"
699:"'Hay – Herbrandston', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales"
232:
of over £5m, the castle opened to the public on 26 May 2022.
1551:
King, D. J. Cathcart (1961), "The Castles of Breconshire",
1261:"Gone for nearly £2m – Hay-on-Wye's Norman castle is sold"
1220:"Gone for nearly £2m – Hay-on-Wye's Norman castle is sold"
720:
718:
1279:"Hay Castle Restoration Boosted by Significant Grants"
1325:"Hay Castle to open to the public for the first time"
1566:
A Few Well-Positioned Castles: The Norman Art of War
692:
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and 17th-century mansion house in the small town of
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23:
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354:the following year. It was further damaged by the
481:. The castle gardens are listed Grade II on the
253:in 1823, showing the castle overlooking the town
223:mansion house was built alongside the medieval
1637:Registered historic parks and gardens in Powys
8:
657:
1519:, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
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825:
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409:from 1825 onwards, including by Archdeacon
1537:, Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press,
20:
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16:Ruined castle in Hay-on-Wye, Powys, Wales
187:. Originally constructed as part of the
1533:Higham, Robert; Barker, Philip (2004),
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500:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
1339:"Hay-on-Wye Castle, Masonry Phases"
362:around 1401 and in 1460 during the
207:, the wars with the Welsh princes,
1588:, London, UK: George Bell and Sons
1341:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
676:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
647:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
623:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
595:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
278:in 1091 and assigned the manor of
60:
14:
1632:Grade I listed buildings in Powys
1440:National Historic Assets of Wales
1068:"Hay Castle: A Turbulent History"
576:"Hay Castle: A Turbulent History"
326:joined the alliance against King
1599:
1484:The Castle Studies Group Journal
59:
52:
36:
1622:Grade I listed castles in Wales
876:, Hay Castle Trust, Autumn 2015
397:In 1809, the industrialist Sir
385:Depiction of the castle in 1816
191:, the castle was designed as a
142:Late 11th or early 12th century
1513:Evans, Christopher J. (1912),
456:National Lottery Heritage Fund
299:, taking the form of an earth
230:National Lottery Heritage Fund
153:https://www.haycastletrust.org
1:
1435:"Hay Castle (PGW(Po)11(POW))"
472:in the grounds of Hay Castle
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1491:Carpenter, David (2004),
1327:, BBC News, 27 March 2022
151:
47:
35:
29:
28:
1394:, Rick Mather Architects
1306:, Rick Mather Architects
1150:, Rick Mather Architects
1012:British Listed Buildings
774:British Listed Buildings
731:British Listed Buildings
658:Higham & Barker 2004
495:List of castles in Wales
219:. In the 17th century a
189:Norman invasion of Wales
1582:Smith, Toulmin (1906),
1499:, London, UK: Penguin,
874:"Hay Castle Newsletter"
1568:, Stroud, UK: Tempus,
1564:Prior, Stuart (2006),
756:British History Online
703:British History Online
473:
452:Rick Mather Architects
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254:
168:
750:Samuel Lewis (1849),
697:Samuel Lewis (1849),
468:
424:
384:
272:Bernard de Neufmarché
248:
68:Location within Powys
1608:at Wikimedia Commons
1528:(Autumn 2015): 14–15
431:Dowager Lady Glanusk
352:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
338:in 1233. During the
332:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
139:Construction started
123:52.07390°N 3.12611°W
1285:, 21 September 2015
417:20th–21st centuries
377:17th–19th centuries
289:Miles of Gloucester
241:11th–16th centuries
205:Second Barons' Wars
119: /
77:General information
1217:, pp. 14–15;
1162:"Castle House Hay"
954:"Castle House Hay"
913:"Castle House Hay"
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387:
366:. By the time the
340:Second Barons' War
324:Reginald de Braose
291:and then into the
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128:52.07390; -3.12611
1604:Media related to
1575:978-0-7524-3651-7
1544:978-0-85989-753-2
1506:978-0-14-014824-4
1008:"Hay Castle, Hay"
770:"Hay Castle, Hay"
727:"Hay Castle, Hay"
442:who used it as a
364:Wars of the Roses
348:Simon de Montfort
320:First Barons' War
217:Wars of the Roses
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433:. The architect
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1584:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1534:
1525:
1515:
1494:
1483:
1465:
1458:Bibliography
1444:, retrieved
1438:
1425:
1414:, retrieved
1409:
1406:"Hay Castle"
1396:, retrieved
1392:"Hay Castle"
1386:
1381:, p. 15
1370:
1365:, p. 15
1354:
1343:, retrieved
1333:
1319:
1308:, retrieved
1304:"Hay Castle"
1298:
1287:, retrieved
1282:
1269:, retrieved
1265:Wales Online
1264:
1255:
1239:
1228:, retrieved
1224:Wales Online
1223:
1206:, retrieved
1201:
1198:"Hay Castle"
1192:
1187:, p. 15
1180:
1169:, retrieved
1165:
1152:, retrieved
1148:"Hay Castle"
1138:
1133:, p. 14
1122:, retrieved
1117:
1114:"Hay Castle"
1108:
1097:, retrieved
1092:
1089:"Hay Castle"
1083:
1072:, retrieved
1058:, retrieved
1053:
1050:"Hay Castle"
1044:
1033:, retrieved
1028:
1025:"Hay Castle"
1015:, retrieved
1011:
1001:
990:, retrieved
985:
982:"Hay Castle"
972:
961:, retrieved
957:
944:, retrieved
940:
937:"Hay Castle"
931:
920:, retrieved
916:
903:, retrieved
898:
895:"Hay Castle"
889:
878:, retrieved
864:, retrieved
859:
856:"Hay Castle"
850:
839:, retrieved
834:
831:"Hay Castle"
806:
795:, retrieved
790:
787:"Hay Castle"
777:, retrieved
773:
759:, retrieved
755:
745:
734:, retrieved
730:
706:, retrieved
702:
678:, retrieved
671:"Hay-on_Wye"
665:
649:, retrieved
642:"Hay-on_Wye"
636:
625:, retrieved
618:"Hay-on_Wye"
608:
597:, retrieved
590:"Hay-on_Wye"
580:, retrieved
566:
561:, p. 70
554:
542:
526:
514:
475:
449:
428:
396:
388:
312:curtain wall
309:
284:
256:
160:
159:
18:
1553:Brycheiniog
1526:Rural Wales
1516:Breconshire
1412:, p. d
1248:Briggs 1991
1204:, p. 2
1143:Briggs 1991
1120:, p. 2
1056:, p. 2
1031:, p. 2
988:, p. 3
977:Briggs 1991
901:, p. 2
862:, p. 2
837:, p. 2
793:, p. 2
435:W. D. Caröe
371:John Leland
368:antiquarian
267:South Wales
126: /
101:Coordinates
1616:Categories
1606:Hay Castle
1446:6 February
1379:Forde 2015
1363:Forde 2015
1244:Forde 2015
1215:Forde 2015
1185:Forde 2015
1131:Forde 2015
811:Smith 1906
571:Evans 1912
547:Evans 1912
531:Prior 2006
305:gate tower
274:conquered
177:Hay-on-Wye
161:Hay Castle
111:52°04′26″N
86:Hay-on-Wye
24:Hay Castle
1359:King 1961
613:King 1961
559:King 1961
444:bookstore
342:, Prince
336:Henry III
276:Brecknock
261:began to
114:3°07′34″W
489:See also
407:vicarage
391:Jacobean
301:ringwork
221:Jacobean
215:and the
193:ringwork
82:Location
1559:: 71–94
1410:Coflein
1202:Coflein
1166:Coflein
1118:Coflein
1093:Coflein
1054:Coflein
1029:Coflein
986:Coflein
958:Coflein
941:Coflein
917:Coflein
899:Coflein
860:Coflein
835:Coflein
791:Coflein
358:led by
259:Normans
236:History
147:Website
1572:
1541:
1503:
1472:
1006:Cadw,
768:Cadw,
725:Cadw,
344:Edward
1416:2 May
1398:2 May
1345:2 May
1310:2 May
1289:2 May
1271:2 May
1230:2 May
1208:2 May
1171:2 May
1154:2 May
1124:2 May
1099:2 May
1074:2 May
1060:2 May
1035:2 May
1017:2 May
992:2 May
963:2 May
946:2 May
922:2 May
905:2 May
880:2 May
866:2 May
841:2 May
797:2 May
779:2 May
761:2 May
736:2 May
708:2 May
680:2 May
674:(PDF)
651:2 May
645:(PDF)
627:2 May
621:(PDF)
599:2 May
593:(PDF)
582:2 May
506:Notes
297:motte
265:into
201:First
185:Wales
181:Powys
165:Welsh
94:Wales
90:Powys
1570:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1448:2023
1431:Cadw
1418:2016
1400:2016
1347:2016
1312:2016
1291:2016
1273:2016
1232:2016
1210:2016
1173:2016
1156:2016
1126:2016
1101:2016
1076:2016
1062:2016
1037:2016
1019:2016
994:2016
965:2016
948:2016
924:2016
907:2016
882:2015
868:2016
843:2016
799:2016
781:2016
763:2016
738:2016
710:2016
682:2016
653:2016
629:2016
601:2016
584:2016
350:and
328:John
316:keep
257:The
225:keep
203:and
280:Hay
251:Hay
211:of
179:in
1618::
1555:,
1437:,
1433:,
1408:,
1403:;
1281:,
1276:;
1263:,
1222:,
1213:;
1200:,
1164:,
1159:;
1129:;
1116:,
1091:,
1065:;
1052:,
1027:,
1022:;
1010:,
984:,
956:,
951:;
939:,
915:,
910:;
897:,
871:;
858:,
833:,
818:^
789:,
784:;
772:,
766:;
754:,
729:,
717:^
701:,
689:^
656:;
587:;
485:.
322:,
307:.
183:,
167::
92:,
88:,
1557:7
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
