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western music, especially improvised music like jazz, almost every chromatic note is commonly used within any key signature. It initially was argued that the less-intuitive ergonomic access to chromatic intervals would prove to be a detriment to performing musical styles that make heavier use of dissonance. However, experimental players of the layout report the isomorphism provides a firmer framework to choose desired sounds and effects.
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554:(Note that the whole tone scale (6–6) color scheme by itself is not very practical for the Wicki–Hayden layout since this pattern is already the basis for the physical layout of the keys—each row is a whole tone scale. It is more useful when combined with the piano (7–5) color scheme, particularly for better orientation along the vertical axis.)
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The piano keyboard has the seven notes of the diatonic scale on the white keys (CDEFGAB). These can be grouped into two groups with consistent whole note steps, the first 3 keys (CDE) and the following 4 keys (FGAB). The black keys can be similarly divided into two groups of 2 and 3 keys. The same
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A proposed problem with the Wicki/Hayden system is that the keys are not in chromatic order. It is argued from this that playing impromptu ornamental flourishes and accidental passing tones are less intuitive than on chromatically ordered key arrangements. In the common practice of much modern
770:: an app (Windows and OS X) that enables musicians who play the QWERTY computer keyboard or the AXiS-49 MIDI controller, to play in a wide variety of isomorphic note layouts (including the Wicki–Hayden). It supports both standard tunings as well as microtonal.
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both hands have separated button boards, instrument makers can build mirrored button boards, so that the left hand has the same fingering as the right hand. In this case the left hand can immediately play the same melody as the right
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player, who patented it again a century later, in 1986. Since then concertinas have been built with this layout. Compared to the prior bandoneon and concertina layouts the notes are arranged in a much more logical way. It is an
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1896 erhält Kaspar Wicki, Münster/Schweiz, das Patent No. 99324 für seine „Neuartige
Tastatur" (siehe Tabelle 20), die eine indirekte Anwendung des Jankö-Systems auf das Bandonion darstellt
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The uniform isomorphic layout makes fingering patterns consistent, so only one fingering must be learned, instead of twelve for each hand (24 patterns in total) as on the piano.
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groups can be found in the Wicki–Hayden layout, with benefits that a step to the right now always is a whole note, and that the notes within a key are closer together.
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Both hands have different fingerings. At the right hand the thumb shows to the lower tones, at the left hand it shows to the higher tones.
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Some studies and the consonance/dissonance diagram to the right indicate there may be strong parallels to the way the brain hears music.
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Notes of each major scale are stacked on top of each other (in alternating rows of three and four notes), putting them closer together.
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To summarize, the Wicki/Hayden layout moves the keys to where they are more reachable, useful and less prone to mistakes.
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The intervals between neighboring white keys are irregular: sometimes a whole step (C–D) and at others a half step (E–F).
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The normally troublesome black keys move out of the way and are split into two groups: a "sharp" and a "flat" section.
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The keys that sound worst when played together are right next to each other, increasing the chance of mistakes.
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Striso uses a Wicki-Hayden inspired layout, with an angle to create a more clear pitch height direction.
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The color schemes above divide the 12 basic notes of the chromatic scale into groups in different ways:
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Proceedings of the 7th
International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME07)
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Keys are far apart and therefore slow to play, as the hands have to move a considerable distance.
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Bergstrom, T.; Karahalios, K.; Hart, J. C. (2007). "Isochords: visualizing structure in music".
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Major Thirds (3–3–3–3): four symmetrical groups of notes a major third apart (3 notes per group)
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Whole Tone Scale (6–6): two symmetrical groups of notes a major second apart (6 notes per group)
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Minor Thirds (4–4–4): three symmetrical groups of notes a minor third apart (4 notes per group)
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Left: An advanced diagram, showing what is impractical to show on a traditional keyboard: the
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The combination of white and black keys and the pitch-to-key distance and vector is irregular.
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These are some possible color schemes that can be used with the Wicki/Hayden layout:
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Instead of mistakes sounding bad, they sound consonant, allowing for easy jamming.
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Apple iPhone/iPod/iPad apps: Musix, MIDIHayden (both defunct), Musix Pro.
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Piano (7–5): two asymmetrical groups of 7 (white keys) and 5 (black keys)
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and patented in 1896. It was independently conceived and refined by
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New players must watch the keyboard, instead of reading the score.
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Strong Whole Tone Scale (6–6) and Subtle Piano (7–5) Color Scheme
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Strong Piano (7–5) and Subtle Whole Tone Scale (6–6) Color Scheme
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Home build electronic MIDI instruments like the
Melodicade.
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The Wicki–Hayden (W/H) layout was initially conceived by
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Commonly played notes are grouped much closer together.
713:"Playing the Jammer - navigation and hand positioning"
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98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
762:The Hayden duet system concertina – Resource List
745:An Arrangement of Notes for Musical Instruments.
572:Android apps: Hexiano, IsoKeys (both outdated).
334:Relating the Piano layout to the Wicki–Hayden.
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659:Paine, G.; Stevenson, I.; Pearce, A. (2007).
472:Traditional Piano Keyboard (7–5) Color Scheme
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61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:This article includes a list of general
776:, an overview of alternative keyboards.
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307:Compared to the standard piano keyboard
683:Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
376:The W/H layout avoids these problems:
661:"The Thummer Mapping Project (ThuMP)"
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96:adding citations to reliable sources
532:Major Thirds Color Scheme (3–3–3–3)
508:Whole Tone Scale (6–6) Color Scheme
437:Right: Some of the chords playable
189:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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496:Minor Thirds Color Scheme (4–4–4)
42:This article has multiple issues.
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83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
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349:In western music's preeminent
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558:Instruments using the layout
1191:Isomorphic keyboard layouts
741:Patent number GB2131592 (B)
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604:Harmonic table note layout
107:"Wicki–Hayden note layout"
262:is a compact and logical
631:Bandonion und Konzertina
563:Hayden duet concertinas.
260:Wicki–Hayden note layout
1121:Piano Technicians Guild
691:10.1145/1268517.1268565
204:more precise citations.
301:isomorphic note layout
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628:Maria Dunkel (1987).
435:around the harmonics.
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1142:Amplifiers, speakers
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594:Generalized keyboard
266:layout designed for
92:improve this article
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979:Enharmonic keyboard
869:Electronic keyboard
717:MusicScienceGuy.com
609:Isomorphic keyboard
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1163:Miscellaneous
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81:This article
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18:Hayden system
999:Short octave
879:Harmonichord
774:altKeyboards
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720:. Retrieved
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292:Brian Hayden
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284:Kaspar Wicki
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90:Please help
85:verification
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44:Please help
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1108:Maintenance
1081:Innovations
1027:Split sharp
1017:Frequencies
958:Synthesizer
884:Harpsichord
822:Instruments
722:13 February
394:concertinas
392:Because on
351:major scale
268:concertinas
202:introducing
1196:Concertina
1185:Categories
1045:Expression
914:Reed organ
909:Pipe organ
874:Fortepiano
854:Clavichord
615:References
398:bandoneons
345:Advantages
296:concertina
272:bandoneons
185:references
118:newspapers
47:improve it
1076:Acoustics
864:Claviharp
750:Qwertonic
288:bandoneon
53:talk page
963:Virginal
894:Melodica
839:Carillon
834:Calliope
670:: 70–77.
583:See also
286:for the
148:May 2021
1091:Aliquot
1055:Sustain
972:Layouts
926:Orphica
844:Celesta
811:Musical
768:Relayer
699:2031208
278:History
198:improve
132:scholar
1131:Wrench
1126:Tuning
1116:Action
1086:Wiring
1037:Pedals
953:Spinet
889:Keytar
697:
638:
187:, but
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127:
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1096:Cross
931:Piano
899:Organ
849:Chime
695:S2CID
664:(PDF)
401:hand.
139:JSTOR
125:books
1050:Soft
1009:Keys
813:and
724:2022
636:ISBN
396:and
294:, a
270:and
258:The
111:news
687:doi
94:by
1187::
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