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Healthcare in England

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774:, after inspecting more than 200 private sector hospitals, warned in April 2018 that informality in processes meant that systematic and robust safety procedures were not in place. Hospital consultants are generally not employed by the private hospitals where they have admitting rights and the commission said private companies could be reluctant to challenge them. Safety was viewed as the responsibility of individual clinicians, rather than a corporate responsibility supported by formal governance processes. Furthermore, private hospitals "were not set up to anticipate and handle emergency situations". There were only 15 critical care services across 206 hospital sites so in an emergency they had to rely on the 999 service. 253:. University hospitals are specialty trusts with involvement in research and education. Commissioning has also been extended to the very lowest level enabling GPs who identify a need in their community to commission services to meet that need. Primary care is delivered by a wide range of independent contractors such as GPs, dentists, pharmacists and optometrists and is the first point of contact for most people. Secondary care (sometimes termed acute health care) can be either elective care or emergency care and providers may be in the public or private sector, but the majority of secondary care happens in NHS owned facilities. 268:. It was established in 2009 to regulate and inspect health and social care services in England. The CQC's stated role is to make sure that hospitals, care homes, dental and general practices and other care services in England provide people with safe, effective and high-quality care, and to encourage those providers to improve. It carries out this role through checks during the registration process which all new care services must complete, as well as through inspections and monitoring of a range of data sources that can indicate problems with services. 618:(RSM) is one of the major providers of accredited postgraduate medical education in England. Each year, the RSM organises over 400 academic and public events. The RSM is home to one of the largest medical libraries in Europe, with an extensive collection of journal and online medical databases. As well as providing medical education, the Society aims to promote an exchange of information and ideas on the science, practice and organisation of medicine, both within the health professions and with responsible and informed public opinion. 33: 400:
that NHS hospitals adhere to. Otherwise opting for a private hospital makes the patient liable for private hospital fees. Because the private sector often has higher costs, most people choose to be treated for free in an NHS hospital. If the GP judges the case to be extremely urgent, the doctor may by-pass the normal booking system and arrange an emergency admission. The median wait time for a consultant led first appointment in English hospitals is a little over 3 weeks.
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clear. The wait times for specialty service are rising. The survey also showed that net satisfaction with NHS services (the number reporting satisfied less those reporting dissatisfied) was generally higher amongst NHS services users than for all respondents (users as well as non-users). Where more people had no recent experience of that service, the difference in net positive perception reported by users compared to non-users was more likely to diverge.
203: 338:, the use of new and existing medicines, treatments and procedures, clinical practice (guidance on the appropriate treatment and care of people with specific diseases and conditions), guidance for public sector workers on health promotion, and ill-health avoidance guidance for social care services. These appraisals are based primarily on evidence-based evaluations of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness in various circumstance. 457:(50% reporting it to be not very or not at all reliable, compared to 36% believing the press was reliable). Newspapers were reported as being less favourable and also less reliable than the broadcast media. The most reliable sources of information were considered to be leaflets from GPs and information from friends (both 77% reported as reliable) and medical professionals (75% considered reliable). 639: 445:
expressed very high levels of satisfaction about their personal experience of the medical services they received. Of hospital inpatients, 92% said they were satisfied with their treatment; 87% of GP users were satisfied with their GP, 87% of hospital outpatients were satisfied with the service they received, and 70% of Accident and Emergency department users reported being satisfied.
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the insurance company) will be billed. This can happen because at the inception of the NHS, hospital consultants were allowed to continue doing private work in NHS hospitals and can enable private patients to "jump the NHS queue". This arrangement is nowadays quite rare as most consultants and patients choose to have private work done in private hospitals.
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delivered in a primary health care setting. Provider trusts are care deliverers, the main examples being the hospital trusts and the ambulance trusts which spend the money allocated to them by the commissioning trusts. Because hospitals tend to provide more complex and specialised care, they receive the lion's share of NHS funding.
453:(including non-recent users) the overall net positive satisfaction was 25%. The service with the highest rate of use was the GP service (77% having seen their GP in the last year) and the difference in net satisfaction between users and all users was the smallest (76% and 74% net satisfied respectively). 157:
The public healthcare system also provides free (at the point of service) ambulance services for emergencies, when patients need the specialist transport only available from ambulance crews or when patients are not fit to travel home by public transport. These services are generally supplemented when
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The private sector does some subcontracting work for the NHS. Thus an NHS patient can be treated in the private sector as an NHS patient if the health services has subcontracted work to the hospital. Some private hospitals are business enterprises and some are non-profit-making trusts. Some hospital
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Although the NHS has a high level of popular public support within the country, the national press is often highly critical of it and this may have affected perceptions of the service within the country as a whole and outside. An independent survey conducted in 2004 found that users of the NHS often
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A patient needing specialist care at a hospital or clinic will be informed by the GP of the hospitals where they can get their treatment. This choice usually includes public and private hospitals. The NHS will pay for treatment in a private setting if the hospital meets the cost and service criteria
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establishes the principles and values of the NHS in England. It sets out rights to which patients, public and staff are entitled, and pledges which the NHS is committed to achieve, together with responsibilities, which the public, patients and staff owe to one another to ensure that the NHS operates
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By far the most known and most important purchases are services including general practice physician services (most of whom are private businesses working under exclusive contract to the NHS), community nursing, local clinics and mental health service. For most people, the majority of health care is
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In England, a fixed NHS prescription charge is payable for up to a three-month supply of each item (ÂŁ9.35 as of April 2022), regardless of actual cost. There are many exemptions from the charge, including patients under 16 years old (18 if still in full-time education), over 60, with certain medical
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Emergency Department (traditionally known as Accident and Emergency) treatment is also free of charge. A triage nurse prioritises all patients on arrival. Waiting times can be up to 4 hours if a patient goes to the Emergency Department with a minor problem or may be referred to other agencies (e.g.
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came into effect on 5 July 1948. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used by less than 8% of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. Recently there have been some examples where unused private sector capacity has
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Almost all NHS hospital treatment is free of charge along with drugs administered in hospital, surgical consumables and appliances issued or loaned. However, if a patient has chosen to be treated in an NHS hospital as a private fee paying patient by arrangement with his consultant, the patient (or
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It is also apparent from the survey that most people realise that the national press is generally critical of the service (64% reporting it as being critical compared to just 13% saying the national press is favourable), and also that the national press is the least reliable source of information
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Patients can be seen by the hospital as out-patients or in-patients, with the latter involving overnight stay. The speed of in-patient admission is based on medical need and time waiting with more urgent cases faster though all cases will be dealt with eventually. Only about one third of hospital
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When purchasing drugs, the NHS has significant market power that, based on its own assessment of the fair value of the drugs, influences the global price, typically keeping prices lower. Several other countries either copy the UK's model or directly rely on the country's assessments for their own
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When asked whether they agreed with the question "My local NHS is providing me with a good service" 67% of those surveyed agreed with it, and 51% agreed with the statement "The NHS is providing a good service''. The reason for this disparity between personal experience and overall perceptions is
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in 1518, the RCP is the oldest medical college in England. It set the first international standard in the classification of diseases, and its library contains medical texts of great historical interest. There are many medical associations and national specialist societies in England, promoting
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For example, the least used service surveyed was walk-in centres (15% of all persons surveyed had used an NHS walk-in clinic in the last year) but 85% of walk-in clinic users were satisfied with the service they received. Users' net positive satisfaction was 80%. However, for all respondents
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Dentists can only charge NHS patients at the set rates. Dental care is free for patients under 18 years old (19 if still in full-time education), with certain medical conditions, on low incomes or in receipt of welfare benefits. About half of the income of dentists in England comes from work
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has been actively involved on an international level to help family medicine doctors have access to "contextually relevant training and development programmes". Medical colleges can seek royal patronage and permission to use the prefix royal, usually also having a royal charter.
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which are NHS bodies delivering health care service. Commissioning trusts negotiate service delivery with providers that may be NHS bodies or private entities. They will be involved in agreeing major capital and other health care spending projects in their region.
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pharmacy, GP, Walk in clinic). Emergency Departments try to treat patients within 4 hours as part of NHS targets for emergency care. The Emergency Department is always attached to an NHS general hospital. Private hospitals do not provide emergency care services.
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as part of a benefits package to employees though it is mostly the larger companies that do. Insurers also market policies directly to the public. Most private care is for specialist referrals with most people retaining their NHS GP as point of first contact.
436:. Despite their names, these services are designed for all palliative conditions, not exclusively cancer. All palliative care services provide support for both the patient and their relatives during and after the dying process, free of charge to the patient. 126:
been used to increase NHS capacity and in some cases the NHS has commissioned the private sector to establish and run new facilities on a sub contracted basis. The involvement of the private sector remains relatively small and according to one survey by the
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conditions, on low incomes or in receipt of welfare benefits. Permanent residents in England who are liable to pay prescription charges can purchase a Prescription Prepayment Certificate (PPC) covering all prescriptions in a specified period.
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The NHS also provides end of life palliative care in the form of Palliative Care Specialist Nurses. The NHS can also commission the expertise of organisations in the voluntary sector to complement palliative care. Such organisations include
364:, all NHS bodies, private and voluntary sector providers supplying NHS services, and local authorities in the exercise of their public health functions are required by law to take account of the constitution in their decisions and actions. 1404: 767:, Benenden), and some insurance companies have deals with particular private hospital groups. Some private sector patients can be treated in NHS hospitals in which case the patient or his/her insurance company is billed. 407:
Trusts are working towards an 18-week guarantee that means that the hospital must complete all tests and start treatment within 18 weeks of the date of the referral from the GP. Some hospitals are introducing
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See Figure 4.2: Responses to the Question "overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the running of the NHS nowadays?" taken from latest IPSOS/Mori survey, page 43, DH Annual report to parliament,
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The NHS is founded on a common set of principles and values that bind together the communities and people it serves – patients and public – and the staff who work for it. Seven key principles guide the NHS.
67:. Though the public system dominates healthcare provision in England, private health care and a wide variety of alternative and complementary treatments are available for those willing and able to pay. 241:
The hospital trusts own assets (such as hospitals and the equipment in them) purchased for the nation and held in trust for them. Some hospitals and trusts are affiliated with universities, like the
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Most people think that the NHS is well run, with 73% of people reporting that they are satisfied with the running of the service and only a little over 10% reporting themselves as dissatisfied.
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and to make referrals to further services as necessary. Hospitals then provide more specialist services, including care for patients with psychiatric illnesses, as well as direct access to
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admissions are from a waiting list. For those not admitted immediately, the median wait time for in-patient treatment in English hospitals is a little under 6 weeks.
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The NHS is free at the point of use for the patient though there are charges associated with eye tests, dental care, prescriptions, and many aspects of personal care.
323: 2714: 545: 361: 300: 71: 55:(NHS), a public body that provides healthcare to all permanent residents in England, that is free at the point of use. The body is one of four forming the UK 154:
are able to prescribe medication. Community pharmacies are privately owned but have contracts with the national health service to supply prescription drugs.
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million cases on waiting lists for consultant-led care. In April 2024, following the effects of COVID-19, this number had increased to nearly 7.6
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with trusts given the task of health care delivery. There are two main kinds of trusts in the NHS reflecting purchaser/provider roles:
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are responsible for examining local needs and negotiating with providers to provide health care services to the local population, and
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workflow analysis borrowed from manufacturing industry to speed up the processes within the system and improve efficiencies.
63:; there are differences with the provisions for healthcare elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and in England it is overseen by 1362: 1323: 3053: 3005: 2903: 2898: 2700: 1980: 570: 550: 2572: 2486: 1975: 1900: 1040: 879: 828: 356: 350: 280: 261: 1195: 2863: 2631: 2586: 2447: 1965: 1960: 1940: 911: 657:. All leading medical schools in England are state-funded and their core purpose is to train doctors on behalf of the 622: 592: 555: 127: 3038: 503:
The royal colleges are involved with international activities to improve health through education and training. The
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Medical schools generally refer to departments within a universities which are involved in the education of future
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England has a small private health care sector. Private health care is sometimes funded by employers through
684:. Applications for entry into medical school (in common with other university courses) are made through the 3063: 3043: 2995: 2868: 2538: 2412: 2011: 1893: 1792: 771: 677: 658: 604: 425: 409: 257: 56: 707:(required by 5 universities). The number of available medical school places had risen by 3,500 since 1998. 319:
is responsible for ensuring enough high-quality training is available to develop the healthcare workforce.
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Most medical schools in England also require applicants to sit additional entrance tests such as the
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Secondary care consumes more costs than any other part of the spending of PCTS. See Figure A.15 in
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in England. The BMA has a range of representative and scientific committees and is recognised by
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with responsibility for England's NHS. The Secretary serves as the principal adviser to the
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The NHS is the world's largest health service and the world's fourth-largest employer.
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Access to NHS services is based on clinical need, not an individual's ability to pay
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employers as the sole contract negotiator for doctors. The BMA's stated aim is
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aircraft of whatever type might be appropriate or available on each occasion.
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The NHS is accountable to the public, communities and patients that it serves
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sub-contracted from the NHS, however not all dentists choose to do NHS work.
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http://www.gnn.gov.uk/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.asp?MediaDetailsID=216856
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The NHS aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism
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Edge Hill University Faculty of Health, Social Care & Medicine
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The NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including
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The NHS is committed to providing best value for taxpayers’ money
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Medical royal colleges are professional bodies in the form of a
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Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
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responsible for the development of and training in one or more
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The patient will be at the heart of everything the NHS does
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The NHS provides a comprehensive service, available to all
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The NHS is divided conceptually into two parts covering
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Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)
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King's College London School of Medicine and Dentistry
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Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
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Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)
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Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS)
334:in England that publishes guidelines in the use of 313:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
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UK Department of Health 645:is the medical school of 616:Royal Society of Medicine 561:Royal College of Podiatry 309:UK Health Security Agency 277:arms-length bodies (ALBs) 2527:The Football Association 1045:www.commonwealthfund.org 740:Sheffield Medical School 720:UCLan School of Medicine 531:Royal College of Nursing 434:Macmillan Cancer Support 317:Health Education England 251:University of Portsmouth 243:Queen Alexandra Hospital 18:Health policy in England 2012:History of Anglo-Saxons 1793:General Medical Council 1030:Reviewed every 3 years. 772:Care Quality Commission 678:General Medical Council 659:National Health Service 605:National Health Service 426:Marie Curie Cancer Care 258:Care Quality Commission 150:(A&E) departments. 94:National Health Service 90:on all health matters. 57:National Health Service 53:National Health Service 2772:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2338:Elizabethan government 2203:Kingdom of East Anglia 2198:Kingdom of Northumbria 1826:. 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GOV.UK. 7 July 2014 716:Brunel Medical School 655:medical practitioners 647:King's College London 641: 297:Public Health England 207:Royal London Hospital 205: 140:General Practitioners 76:minister of the Crown 49:Healthcare in England 35: 2561:Rugby Football Union 2229:House of Plantagenet 1574:"RCGP International" 587:Medical associations 494:medical specialities 227:commissioning trusts 111:long-term healthcare 2987:States with limited 2113:Union with Scotland 2093:English Reformation 2088:English Renaissance 2017:Anglo-Saxon England 1082:on 24 February 2007 921:on 27 February 2008 336:health technologies 2642:Saint George's Day 2234:House of Lancaster 2045:Kingdom of England 1946:History of England 824:List of NHS trusts 667:teaching hospitals 651: 395:Patient experience 293:executive agencies 215: 144:primary healthcare 46: 3072: 3071: 2690: 2689: 2657: 2656: 2581: 2580: 2487:Science education 2480:Church of England 2361: 2360: 2308: 2307: 2247: 2246: 2213:Kingdom of Sussex 2208:Kingdom of Mercia 2060:Wars of the Roses 1471:on 7 January 2013 1405:"NHS 2004 survey" 1278:on 7 January 2013 1227:. 2 February 1999 1223:(Press release). 1119:on 7 January 2013 974:. 9 November 2020 814:Health in England 756:medical insurance 750:Private provision 168:St John Ambulance 160:British Red Cross 142:(GPs) to provide 59:, as health is a 16:(Redirected from 3092: 3025:Dependencies and 2731:Sovereign states 2717: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2670: 2632:Royal supporters 2433:Landscape garden 2403:Country clothing 2376: 2372: 2319: 2258: 2193:Kingdom of Essex 1956:Local government 1931: 1910: 1903: 1896: 1887: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1820: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1799:on 19 March 2015 1795:. 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Index

Health policy in England

Royal Hospital Chelsea
King Charles II
National Health Service
National Health Service
devolved matter
NHS England
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
minister of the Crown
Government of the United Kingdom
Department of Health and Social Care
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
primary care
in-patient care
long-term healthcare
ophthalmology
dentistry
National Health Service Act 1946
BMA
General Practitioners
primary healthcare
Accident and Emergency
Pharmacists
British Red Cross
St Andrews Ambulance Association
St John Ambulance
naval
military
air force

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