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led to calls for repeal. The first state to abolish all heartbalm actions was
Indiana, with “An Act to promote public morals” in 1935. By 1952, 16 more states had followed its example. Many states that abolished other heartbalm torts retained the tort of seduction, however; of the ten states that
70:. Of these, criminal conversation and alienation of affection are marital torts, originally restricted to husbands but in many states later made available to spouses regardless of gender. Seduction and breach of promise are nonmarital torts.
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In the United States, as of 2016, seven states still allow heartbalm actions: Hawaii, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North
Carolina, South Dakota, and Utah. However, such actions are uncommon even where they are still allowed.
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In the United States, heartbalm actions were widespread until high-profile stories in the early 20th century about heartbalm claims being abused for
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In
England and other common law jurisdictions, additional heartbalm actions were traditionally recognized, such as
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The number of lawsuits brought with these "heart balm" acts were minimal, and allowed limited damages.
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in 1963, England abolished all of the remaining traditional heartbalm torts (excluding
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264:"How the "Heart Balm Racket" Convinced America That Women Were Up to No Good"
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is also sometimes considered a heartbalm action in
England and elsewhere.
341:"Illinois Repeals Heart Balm Acts for Alienation of Affection and More"
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to sue for seduction and three more kept the tort of seduction intact.
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for the end or disruption of a romantic or marital relationship. A
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290:"Avoidance of the Incidence of the Anti-Heartbalm Statutes".
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The teminology in this field is somewhat confusing, since a
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Heartbalm actions in the United States typically include
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had abolished heartbalm actions by 1938, four allowed
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16:Civil action in common law for end of relationship
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128:Courted and Abandoned: Seduction in Canadian Law
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215:"Seduction and the Myth of the Ideal Woman"
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51:is a statute forbidding such actions.
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23:A schematic depiction of the tort of
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148:Report on Family Law, Part I: Torts
381:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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298:(2): 242–257. February 1952.
189:(8th ed.). p. 740.
213:Sinclair, M. B. W. (1987).
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262:Tori Telfer (2018-02-13).
104:Following a report by the
68:breach of promise to marry
112:) by statute in 1970.
163:Heart balm (German law)
126:Brode, Patrick (2002).
64:alienation of affection
377:-related article is a
187:Black's Law Dictionary
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185:"heartbalm statute".
60:criminal conversation
45:monetary compensation
25:criminal conversation
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268:Smithsonian Magazine
235:Report on Family Law
106:Law Reform Committee
292:Columbia Law Review
79:wrongful harbouring
222:Law and Inequality
110:loss of consortium
83:loss of consortium
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120:Works cited
428:Family law
422:Categories
347:2020-01-31
325:Brode 2002
273:2020-01-31
250:Brode 2002
169:References
75:enticement
33:common law
27:from 1807.
438:Law stubs
94:extortion
90:blackmail
56:seduction
433:Tort law
157:See also
312:1119133
31:In the
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99:minors
66:, and
373:This
308:JSTOR
224:: 34.
218:(PDF)
379:stub
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
