Passenger rail terminology - Knowledge (XXG)

675:, or UITP) as urban guided transport systems "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic. They are consequently designed for operations in tunnel, viaducts or on surface level but with physical separation in such a way that inadvertent access is not possible. In different parts of the world, Metro systems are also known in English as the underground, the subway or the tube. Rail systems with specific construction issues operating on a segregated guideway (e.g. monorail, rack railways) are also treated as Metros as long as they are designated as part of the urban public transport network." Metropolitan railways are used for high capacity public transportation. They can operate in trains of up to 10 or more cars, carrying 1800 passengers or more. Some metro systems run on rubber tires but are based on the same fixed-guideway principles as steel wheel systems. 2082: 49: 5542: 424: 1264: 2335: 471: 2113: 2281:. These do not have the features of "intercity trains" in other parts of the world, such as booked seats and meal services, but are bare commuter trains. They are properly called interurban rather than intercity, although New South Wales refers to its interurban services as "intercity" trains and Victoria refers to theirs as "regional" trains. 1100: 2775:

A number of both technological and practical variables begin to influence trains in the vicinity of 500–600 km/h (311–373 mph). Technologically, the limitations are by no means beyond reach, however conventional trains begin to encounter several physical obstacles, most notably track damage

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In some cases the term higher speed rail would sound incorrect to define a train travelling below a high speed since higher is greater than high. Therefore, the word higher speed rail would sound correct to refer to a train at a speed between 300 and 500 km/h (i.e. greater than the high speed of

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created a vision plan for national high-speed rail network with conflicting definitions by describing the lowest speed range of the high-speed rail systems as "Emerging HSR" with top speeds between 90 mph (140 km/h) and 110 mph (180 km/h) This created confusion in terminology and

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The higher-speed rail can operate at top speeds that are higher than conventional rail but the speeds are not as high as those in the high-speed rail services. These services are provided after improvements to the conventional rail infrastructure in order to support trains that can operate safely at

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set on 15 April 2007 at 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph), and conventional trains may indeed eventually reach into ultra high-speeds. However, this test has shown that speeds over 500 km/h are unrealistic for regular usage; it wears down the material too much. Based on current and foreseeable

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with two systems), both the tram voltage (600 or 750 V DC) and the heavy rail high voltage (in Germany, 15 kV AC). The vehicles must also be adapted to the heavy rail's signalling system. This transit mode combines the tram's availability with stops in the street, and the heavy rail's higher speed.

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in which diesel-electric hybrid buses and light rail trains operated in a shared tunnel. The hybrid buses ran in electrical-only mode while traveling through the tunnel and overhead wires power the light rail trains which continue to operate in the tunnel. Bus subways are sometimes built to provide

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means a system of guided transit vehicles operating on or suspended from a single rail, beam, or tube. Usually they operate in trains. Monorails are distinguished from other types of elevated rail system by their use of only a single beam, and from light rail and tram systems by the fact they are

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covers the slower services that stop at more stations than inter-city services along the same routes, as well as services on the more minor lines that do not see inter-city services. They provide services to and from smaller settlements and link them to long-distance inter-city services. Examples

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pushed a small trolley wheel up against an overhead wire to collect electricity for the motors. Although not the first overhead collection system, it was far more reliable than its predecessors, and eventually became used by almost all streetcars. Some authorities believe that the vehicle became

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which reduces track vibrations and discrepancies between rail segments enough to allow trains to pass at speeds in excess of 200 km/h (124 mph). Track radius will often be the ultimate limiting factor in a train's speed, with passenger discomfort often more imminent than the danger of

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Generally about 30 to 45 centimetres (12 to 18 in) above track level and are used primarily by some commuter rail and light rail and tram/streetcar rail systems. Wheelchairs can board low-floor vehicles directly from the platform, but high-floor vehicles require retractable lifts or ramps.

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There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit. The traditional style is often less expensive by a factor of two or more. Despite the increased cost, the more modern variation (which can be considered as "heavier" than old streetcar systems, even

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Trains faster than 600 km/h (373 mph) will exceed the speed of most propeller-driven aircraft. Regardless of technological parameters, the track for such a train and anything faster would more than likely require turn radii of significantly higher proportions than current dimensions,

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helps to fund many projects, but as of 2004, the rules to determine which projects will be funded are unfavorable toward the simpler streetcar systems (partly because the vehicles tend to be somewhat slower). Some places in the country have set about building the less expensive streetcar lines

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There is no globally accepted standard separating high-speed rail from conventional railroads; however a number of widely accepted variables have been acknowledged by the industry in recent years. Generally, high-speed rail is defined as having a top speed in regular use of over 200 km/h

2226:, but still runs essentially as an interurban through several small towns between Gary and South Bend. Los Angeles has a light-rail system whose lines sometimes follow the routes of the area's interurbans, although this revival commenced decades after the original interurban ceased service. 2624:

Generally 45 to 95 centimetres (18 to 37 in) above track level and are used primarily by heavy rail, automated guideway, and some commuter rail lines. Only high-floor vehicles can be used, but wheelchairs can board directly from platforms if vehicle floors are level with the platform.

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and are often separated from road traffic. Stops are generally less frequent, and the passengers are often boarded from a platform. Tracks are highly visible, and in some cases significant effort is expended to keep traffic away through the use of special signaling, and even

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Note that in North America, "regional rail" is often used as a synonym for "commuter rail", often using "commuter rail" to refer to systems that primarily or only offer service during the rush hour while using "regional rail" to refer to systems that offer all-day service.

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have been developed for achieving greater comfort for passengers, so higher speeds are possible on curvy tracks. Although a few exceptions exist, zero grade crossings is a policy adopted almost worldwide, with advanced switches utilizing very low entry and frog angles.

946:, the local government body responsible for most aspects of the transport system throughout Greater London. However, strictly speaking, it should only refer to those deep lines which run in bored circular tunnels as opposed to those constructed near to the surface by 2526:(APM) systems are fully automated, grade-separated mass transit systems which serve a relatively small area such as an airport, downtown district or theme park. The term "people mover" has become generic for the type of system, which may use technologies such as 2489:

refers to guided transit vehicles operating singly or in multi-car trains with fully automated control (no crew on transit units). Service may be on a fixed schedule or in response to a passenger-activated call button. Automated guideway transit includes

2697:(124 mph). Although almost every form of high-speed rail is electrically driven via overhead lines, this is not necessarily a defining aspect and other forms of propulsion, such as diesel locomotives, may be used. A definitive aspect is the use of 1758:

term referring to a railway built at lower costs and to lower standards than typical "heavy rail". These lighter standards allow lower costs of operation at the price of slower operating speeds and lower vehicle capacity. They were permitted under the

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Used primarily by light rail and tram lines that stop on the street rather than at stations. No platforms are used, the passengers walk up steps into the vehicles. For wheelchairs, a retractable lift or ramp is required to gain access to the vehicle.

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use the speeds of 165 mph (266 km/h) or more to define high-speed rail. These agencies have a separate category for higher-speed rail which can be a wide range of speeds between 80 mph (129 km/h) and 150 mph (241 km/h).

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Means trains operate for long distances without stopping, skipping some stations between stops. This speeds up longer trips, especially in major urban areas. In major cities, express trains may have separate tracks for at least part of their routes.

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is an American word for a passenger rail vehicle attached to a moving cable located below the street surface and powered by engines or motors at a central location, not on board the vehicle. There are cable cars operating in numerous cities, such as

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The traditional type, where the tracks and trains run along the streets and share space with road traffic. Stops tend to be frequent, and little effort is made to set up special stations. Because space is shared, the tracks are usually visually

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environments) on their own right-of-way, and through the city streets as trams. In the U.S., some interurban railcars constructed in the period 1900–1930 ran at extremely high speed for its time. Essentially, the classic interurbans were the

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running on mixed right of way are not regarded as light rail, but considered distinctly as streetcars or trams. However, the requirement for saying that a rail line is "separated" can be quite minimal – sometimes just with concrete

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systems. There is a significant amount of overlap between the technologies, and it is common to classify streetcars/trams as a subtype of light rail rather than as a distinct type of transportation. The two general versions are:

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rapid transit systems that had built or leased numerous elevated lines throughout the entire city. New York "El's" are the oldest ones in the United States, dating from 1869. Today, the majority of "El" lines in New York are in

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used as a shuttle (and often not designed for use on public roads), such as for parking lot shuttles at theme parks and major events or transportation within theme parks. Other common North American English meanings of the term

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trains fall under the category of high-speed rail due to their association with track oriented vehicles; however their inability to operate on conventional railroads often leads to their classification in a separate category.

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The same applies also to the S-Bahn and U-Bahn in Copenhagen, Denmark, with the only exception that the word "Metro" is used instead of "U-Bahn", and "S-tog" instead of "S-Bahn". (The Danish word "S-tog" applies to the trains

905:, outside the US, and especially in Europe, often refers to an underground pedestrian passageway linking large road interconnections that are often too difficult or dangerous to cross at ground level. In Canada, the term 821:

is referred to as "the subway", while it uses light rail equipment and operates in a pedestrian mall downtown for half of its route and underground for the remaining section. Sometimes the term is qualified, such as in

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is a form of elevated monorail where the vehicle is suspended from a fixed track (as opposed to a cable used in aerial tramways), which is built above street level, over a river or canal, or an existing railway track.

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Hamburg S-Bahn fulfills all criteria for heavy rail inside the state and city of Hamburg, but some lines go beyond the state border into the state of Niedersachsen and there the S-Bahn runs with lower train frequency.

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all have metro (from the word metropolitan where "metro" means "mother" and "politan" means "city") systems which are called metro in French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Finnish, Polish, Dutch, and Russian.

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Means trains stop at every station on a route. For light rail vehicles operating on city streets as trams or streetcars, local service is analogous to local bus service, where stops are every block or two apart.

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has a wide range of speeds between 80 mph (130 km/h) and 150 mph (240 km/h). A planned construction in Thailand, called medium-speed rail, has the top speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph).

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which is at-grade, low passenger capacity (60-70 people), battery powered so no overhead lines also falls into this category. A Very Light rail vehicles is described as vehicles weighing less than 1 tonne / m3.

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is used, it refers to the entire system; in others, only to the portions that actually are underground. Naming practices often select one type of placement in a system where several are used; there are many

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would cause catastrophic damage to the vehicle as the sound waves reflected off of the ground, potentially blasting the train into the air. The only trains that could exceed this speed significantly are

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in Manila, Philippines, is an elevated railway, made operational in 1984 and the country's first urban rail transit since Manila tram service ended in 1944, during the Japanese occupation of the city.

2167:. The fastest interurbans had a maximum service speed at 145–150 km/h (90–93 mph), and an average speed including stops at above 80 km/h (50 mph). The Cincinnati–Toledo route of 2047:, also called third rail (a high voltage bar alongside the track), requiring safety measures and warnings to the public not to touch it. In some cases, particularly when initial funds are limited, 797:

Medium-capacity system (MCS), also known as light rapid transit or light metro, is a rail transport system with a capacity greater than light rail, but less than typical heavy-rail rapid transit.

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airflow in the vicinity of Mach 0.8 (988 km/h) and higher. From a modern perspective, this is essentially the realistic maximum speed of trains as they are known today. This is because the

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higher speeds. There is no globally accepted standard in the speed ranges for this classification. Local and regional jurisdictions may have their own definitions. For example, a definition in

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is an American word derived from "street" + "car", where "car" is used in the sense of a vehicle running on rails, i.e. railway car. The first American streetcars, introduced around 1830, were

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are railcars or trains which run like trams (streetcars) in city streets, and on heavy rail tracks out to the suburbs or between the cities. Usually, this requires two current systems (German

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In Sweden, the metro of Stockholm is called "Tunnelbana" or "T-bana" which refers to the fact that the trains often run in tunnels. The same applies to Norway and the "T-bane" of Oslo.

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is an American word derived from the electric current pickup mechanism in early systems. The first successful electric streetcars in the United States used a system devised by

1085:), rather than the tracks as in Germany; "S-tog" means "S-train".) Otherwise, the S-Bahn of Berlin and the S-tog of Copenhagen are very similar with the exception of the size. 1612:". From this the term "tram" was used in the coal mines of Scotland and Northern England for a coal cart running on rails, and by extension to any similar system of trackway. 2652:. For the countries with higher-speed rail classification, the maximum speeds of conventional rail can vary which may go up to 160 km/h (99 mph) such as in Canada. 1990:

Many light rail systems – even fairly old ones – have a combination of the two, with both on-road and off-road sections. In some countries, only the latter is described as

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has used the term "high-speed rail" as the rail services with "reasonably expected to reach sustained speeds of more than 125 miles per hour " since 1998. In 2009, the

2514:(PAT), is a public transportation concept that offers on-demand, non-stop transportation, using small, independent vehicles on a network of specially built guideways. 2648:

can have the maximum speeds of conventional rail up to 200 km/h (124 mph) with the systems that can operate at the speeds higher than that be classified as

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in New York City, are automatic, dispensing with the need for a driver; however, such systems are not what is generally thought of as light rail, crossing over into

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in 1992. Their top speed is often 100 km/h (62 mph), in Kassel as much as 114 km/h (71 mph). This transit mode is a rebirth of the interurban.

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which is grade-separated, low passenger capacity (maximum 35 standing) powered by LPG with no overhead lines, has been described as ultra light rail. The proposed

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that run entirely or partly on streets, providing a local service and picking up and discharging passengers at any street corner, unless otherwise marked. While

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In Switzerland, where there is only one underground railway system in Lausanne, the term metro is generally used, due to the influence from the French language.

1626:, were introduced around 1870. Electric streetcars were introduced in the 1880s and soon replaced the horse-drawn streetcar in cities across the United States. 1417:

systems. It is characterized by high-speed, passenger rail cars running in separate rights-of-way from which all other vehicular and foot traffic are excluded.

666: 3011: 2352: 1057:(fast city train, fast train) the more common English translation, suburban train. So for example in Berlin, the mostly underground system is known as the 3358: 1170: 4211: 3948:"Ms. Helena Borges (Director General, Surface Transportation Policy, Department of Transport) at the Transport, Infrastructure and Communities Committee" 3586: 3331: 2737: 2720: 1391: 1394:

defines a heavy-rail system as an electric railway with the capacity to handle a heavy volume of traffic. The term is often used to distinguish it from

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systems than in light rail systems, where the possibility of grade crossings and street running make driverless operation of the latter inappropriate.

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Some light rail / street car lines that have underground sections that are referred to as subway are often sub surface subways. Notably, Boston's

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derailment. Depending on design speed, banking, and the forces deemed acceptable to the passengers, curves often exceed a 5 kilometer radius.

5566: 5188: 3972: 3722: 3287: 2745: 1622:, and this type of streetcar became ubiquitous because very few of the streets in American cities were paved. Mechanical versions, pulled by 882:

Bus subways are uncommon but do exist, though in these cases the non-underground portions of route are not called subways. Until March 2019,

402: 3327: 5180: 3282: 2138:) refers to a higher-speed streetcar (tram) line – i.e. electrical railcars or trains which run both between the cities or towns (often in 1272: 1025:

is not usually used to describe metro systems in German-speaking areas (Germany, Austria and parts of Switzerland), instead using the term

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could be considered as even "lighter", at least in terms of how many passengers are moved per vehicle and the speed at which they travel.

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essentially preventing anything but a direct line between terminals. Such trains are extremely unlikely in the current or near future.

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is also used to refer to National Rail networks within London generally, or any non-London Underground rail service in everyday speech

2741: 2278: 2036:, use modern vehicles. There is a growing desire to push the Federal Transit Administration to help fund these startup lines as well. 1166: 1503:(UIC) refers to both freight rail and passenger rail (commuter, regional, intercity and high-speed) other than large-capacity metro. 5571: 4178: 3909: 3476: 3247: 2374: 2172: 2168: 2117: 514: 2262: 1445: 481: 4008: 5393: 5312: 4358: 3847: 3797: 3277: 2772:

Generally, the speed range for ultra high-speed rail is between 500 km/h (311 mph) and 1,000 km/h (621 mph).

989: 390: 3390: 1725:) is an American term for streetcar systems that use vehicles that were built before 1960, or modern replicas of such vehicles. 3582: 2983: 2274: 1876:

instead. In general, it refers to streetcar/tram systems with rapid transit-style features. It is named to distinguish it from

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Depending on the aerodynamic design of the vehicle and various ambient atmospheric conditions, a train would begin to exhibit

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Generally, the speed range for very high-speed rail is between 310 km/h (193 mph) and 500 km/h (311 mph).

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The vast majority of local, regional, and express passenger trains, and almost 100% of freight trains are of this category.

2183:. Others ran at (too) high speed on single-track right-of-way without block signalling – and experienced disastrous wrecks. 2155:

research and lightweight constructions – have their origin on the interurban scene, or were early adopted by companies like

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Very light rail or ultra light rail is a term for light rail with more modest initial requirements than typical light rail.

2032:, using refurbished or replica streetcars harkening back to the first half of the 20th century. However, a few, such as the 2666:

Generally, the speed range for higher-speed rail is between 130 km/h (81 mph) and 250 km/h (155 mph) .

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covers the services within singular urban areas that link the districts and suburbs within it. Examples include New York's

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Generally, the speed range for high-speed rail is between 200 km/h (124 mph) and 400 km/h (249 mph).

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transportation, other forms of transit were sometimes described by their proponents as rapid transit, including local

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system that goes underground. The term may refer only to the underground parts of the system, or to the full system.

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At the highest degree of separation, it can be difficult or impossible to draw the line between light rail and

1677:(such as at certain airports). Tourist buses that have been given the appearance of a vintage streetcar (i.e. 1541: 1027: 744: 365: 301: 97: 1864:) to describe new streetcar transformations which were taking place, and was a translation of the German word 5492: 5452: 5398: 3035: 2270: 1975: 1953: 1764: 1760: 1685:

by the companies or entities operating them or selling them, but may be referred to as trams or streetcars.

574: 370: 330: 252: 5150: 5130: 4874: 4869: 4621: 3186: 2733: 2698: 2506: 2222:, has been converted to modern electric rapid-transit operation on the dense corridor between Chicago and 2203: 2160: 1902: 1251: 1241: 710: 360: 257: 126: 64: 2234: 755:

in Scotland, and in translation of system names or descriptions in some Asian and Latin American cities.

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is not usually used in London or Glasgow to refer to those cities' metros, but it is used in and around

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The term is used for the fastest trains introduced after 2000, exceeding 300 km/h (186 mph).

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limitations. It is important to note that the current world record for rail vehicles is held by the

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characterized by high speed (~80 km/h (50 mph)) and rapid acceleration. It uses passenger

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tends to be used in Europe. The names of elevated railways are sometimes further abbreviate it to

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They are often faster than most rapid transit (metro) systems. The first system was opened in

1650: 1276: 997: 892: 638: 2800:, which holds the world land speed record for rail vehicles at 581 km/h (361 mph). 5546: 5462: 5426: 5416: 5373: 5368: 5348: 5343: 5225: 5170: 5140: 4631: 4591: 4529: 4410: 4395: 4390: 4310: 4268: 4220: 3093: 3053:

Comparison of characteristics and operating standards of types of metropolitan rail systems

2596: 2176: 2076: 2029: 1633: 1557: 1127: 1066: 920: 698: 589: 566: 550: 428: 279: 180: 163: 48: 1378:, despite being described as a metro system, is nonetheless officially classified as being 783:

lines (then called the State Street & Milwaukee/Dearborn lines) as "the subway lines".

5541: 5261: 5095: 4931: 4752: 4636: 4606: 4549: 4437: 4422: 3109: 2688: 2649: 2416: 2388: 2051:-powered versions have been used, but it is not a preferred option. Some systems, such as 1818: 1755: 1351: 1346:

refers to conventional railways forming part of the national network, including commuter,

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Generally, the speed range for conventional rail is 160 km/h (99 mph) or less.

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lines with features to speed their operation. These usually have more characteristics of

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that had a right-of-way separated from street traffic. This set rapid transit apart from

2920:). They are cheaper to build and operate, but tend to be slower and have less capacity. 2419:

covers fast trains linking urban areas over long distances. Examples include the former

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Trains, Buses, People, Second Edition: An Opinionated Atlas of US and Canadian Transit

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passenger rail services that use 8- or 10-car trains. This is then distinguished from

1263: 5560: 5527: 5472: 5067: 5052: 5032: 5027: 4770: 4656: 4539: 4499: 4487: 4380: 4246: 3834:"Very Light Rail | Vehicles with a weight of less than 1 tonne per linear metre" 3394: 2703: 2461: 2434: 2396: 2392: 2223: 2195: 2056: 2048: 2020: 1967: 1913: 1887: 1883: 1837:(DMUs) instead as a cheaper alternative to an electrically driven light rail system. 1826: 1814: 1768: 1745: 1733: 1569: 1425: 1410: 1406: 1359: 1355: 1062: 1058: 843: 733: 583: 558: 540: 296: 222: 217: 195: 144: 109: 104: 92: 3593: 5512: 5497: 5297: 5281: 5271: 5240: 5220: 5204: 5165: 5125: 5120: 5105: 5062: 4785: 4564: 4472: 4385: 4300: 4263: 3740:"Defining an Alternative Future: Birth of the Light Rail Movement in North America" 2784: 2539: 2518: 2420: 2064: 2052: 1898: 1674: 1637: 1484:

which is a regular rapid transit system operated with fewer train cars such as the

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lines and equipment; the usage of these terms differs substantially between areas:

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Interurbans sometimes used freight railways rather than building their own track.

942:, and is the most common word used for the underground system; and it is used by 870:) – in this usage, somewhat technical nowadays and not used much in London, 5517: 5155: 5017: 4987: 4977: 4765: 4732: 4712: 4569: 4330: 3086: 2957: 2837: 2671: 2531: 2334: 2152: 2148: 1670: 1609: 1538: 1441: 678: 116: 2028:

themselves or with only minimal federal support. Most of these lines have been

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from other traffic for much of the way. Light rail vehicles are almost always

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also refers to rapid transit as with American parlance, it is characterized as

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reasonably expected to reach sustained speeds of more than 125 miles per hour

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built on supports over other rights of way, generally city streets. The term

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from other traffic). The APTA definition also includes the use sophisticated

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from which all other vehicular and foot traffic are excluded (i.e. is fully

87: 4581: 4117:"Obama plan for high-speed rail, after hitting a bump, chugs forward again" 2788:

technology, these speeds will more than likely be reached predominantly by

2247:, were (and are) more like conventional tramways, as their names indicate. 925:

is very similar to that of subway, describing an underground train system.

3982:. North Central Texas Council of Governments. p. V-14. Archived from 2186:

The classic U.S. interurbans are all but gone, with two of the remaining (

2112: 17: 4992: 4982: 4967: 4957: 4936: 4916: 4881: 4859: 4821: 4812: 4775: 4689: 4462: 4432: 4066:. Federal Railroad Administration. April 2009. p. 10. Archived from 3925: 3618:

Full Video | NSCR Balagtas station: The inside stories with Junn B. Magno

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where the distance between the inside edges of the rails of the track is

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Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to the

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uses the definition of the speeds over 150 mph (241 km/h), and

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Specific terms for some historically important tram technologies include

1619: 1312: 1175: 593: 412: 3780:"Passenger Train Variations - Trams, Streetcars and Light Rail Vehicles" 3779: 5307: 5184: 5022: 4952: 4854: 4694: 4666: 4596: 4586: 4482: 2359: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2211: 1806: 1576:

being more common in the western and central part of the continent and

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This was the United Kingdom's only true elevated railway, although the

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and it is integrated with the mostly above-ground system, known as the

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with a maximum speed of 550 km/h (342 mph) and the Japanese

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A more modern variation, where the trains tend to run along their own

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The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and

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Countries that do not make distinction between conventional rail and

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is used for the deep-underground tunnelled systems (such as London's

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include underground sections. Historic posters referred to Chicago's

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Light rail is generally powered by electricity, usually by means of

1653:. Others believe it derived from a dialect word for a wheeled cart. 499:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 4189: 2764:

is one example, with a line speed of 430 km/h (267 mph).

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refers to long-distance commuter trains such as the routes between

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and metro systems. Its operating characteristics are that it uses

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with more modern technology. It was devised in 1972 by the U.S.

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trains on fixed rails in a right-of-way that is not necessarily

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were torn down in the 1940s and 1950s, some replaced by subways.

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Passenger services are frequently split into three categories;

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systems, which usually handle a smaller volume of passengers.

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are widely used worldwide, the term used varies in different

854:(trams) operated, and the rapid transit sections were called 813:, each about half underground, originated from fully surface 2551:

always grade-separated from other vehicles and pedestrians.

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was an elevated monorail through the CBD of Sydney from the

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The best known elevated transit system in the United States.

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was used in the 1800s to describe new forms of quick urban

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and intended to bring railways to rural areas. The London

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An automated rapid transit system that is mostly elevated.

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refers to systems built under roads and the informal term

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is regardless the general term for both types of system.

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with above-ground components, and on the other hand, the

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has different meanings in different parts of the world.

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services between Campbelltown and Goulburn, or between

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of 1836 was constructed on a 3.45 miles (5.55 km)

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was 349 km (217 mi). A few interurbans like

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lines of the day. Several advanced innovations – like

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trains. The two most prominent maglev trains are the

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now use different sets of definitions. For examples,

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system with a "light" passenger capacity compared to

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is an important exception, the system being really a

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Rail terminology with respect to railway track gauge

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Terms used for passenger railway lines and equipment

5440: 5407: 5336: 5290: 5254: 5213: 5076: 4945: 4845: 4811: 4751: 4703: 4665: 4528: 4344: 4227: 2175:adapted to high speeds with double-track, absolute 1848:was coined in the 1970s during the re-emergence of 1214:is elevated except for the portion running through 625:Though the term was almost always used to describe 3715:Urban Mass Transit: The Life Story of a Technology 3328:"Fact Book Glossary – Mode of Service Definitions" 2866:the list of countries that use the standard gauge 1868:. However, instead of the literal translation of 3517:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2950:rather than for passenger transit. However many 2198:specifications, and a third system (Cleveland's 2120:, which survived long in the interurban business 1982:were it not for the contrast between it and the 1912:Light rail systems can typically handle steeper 1645:because it reminded people (particularly on the 1594: 4009:"New plan: medium speed trains, not high speed" 3471:. London: London Transport. pp. Foreword. 561:trains on fixed rails. It operates on separate 4149:Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study Newsletter 4205: 4091:"High-Speed Rail: Obama's High-Stakes Gamble" 3967: 3965: 2728:" from the high-speed rail. Some state-level 2206:Lines) now considered to be light rail. The 1244:. It now consists of 34 stations and 2 lines. 672:L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics 667:International Association of Public Transport 446: 8: 4035:"US Code Title 49 § 26105 –Definitions" 3534:"Rail Accident Investigation Branch reports" 2448: 2310: 2302: 2238: 2133: 1051: 1044: 1033: 850:label was only used for sections into which 670: 3637:"On track and heading for Year 2K on MRT-3" 3452:London Underground: Tube travel information 1603: 1420:Such passenger rail cars are almost always 1222:, and is sometimes referred to as the "El". 4212: 4198: 4190: 3332:American Public Transportation Association 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 2738:North Central Texas Council of Governments 2721:United States Department of Transportation 1392:American Public Transportation Association 833:for the remainder. This is locally styled 453: 439: 31: 4171:The Transit Metropolis – A Global Inquiry 3665:"Coming soon: Faster, more modern trains" 2375:Learn how and when to remove this message 1825:, with power usually being drawn from an 958:or colloquial as "the subway". The word 515:Learn how and when to remove this message 3298:Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms 3293:Glossary of North American railway terms 3051: 2960:railways use a track gauge greater than 2724:the media started to differentiate the " 1858:Urban Mass Transportation Administration 1771:style features than would be typical of 1275:train (temporarily rerouted through the 1262: 1254:in 1988 until its dismantlement in 2013. 3708: 3706: 3308: 1928:areas, providing frequent service with 1833:, though a few exceptional systems use 1660:frequently refers to a special-purpose 1358:and freight services, as distinct from 1236:is an elevated rapid transit system in 642:has recently come into use to describe 322: 266: 142: 74: 39: 4089:Grunwald, Michael (28 December 2012). 3577: 3575: 3573: 3510: 2325:Inter-city, regional and commuter rail 2007:drivers from getting onto the tracks. 1584:predominates in Europe and elsewhere. 1039:, meaning "underground railway" – and 3798:"The next steps for ultra-light rail" 3288:Glossary of New Zealand railway terms 2746:Oklahoma Department of Transportation 2629:Rail terminology with regard to speed 1813:(LRVs), operating singly or in short 7: 3900:Spieler, Christof (24 August 2021). 3583:"National Transit Database Glossary" 3536:. Rail Accident Investigation Branch 3283:Glossary of Australian railway terms 2357:adding citations to reliable sources 1961:(or grade crossings) with gate arms. 1590:is a British word, cognate with the 732:used in a transit sense refers to a 614:, is also used for metro systems in 3980:Congestion Management Process (CMP) 2229:The European interurbans, like the 2118:Philadelphia & Western Railroad 2071:Very light rail or ultra light rail 1978:, which would likely not be called 1204:for the greater part of its length. 5384:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 3926:"General definitions of highspeed" 3745:. US Transportation Research Board 3645:. Kamahalan Publishing Corporation 3393:. 29 November 2005. Archived from 2742:Texas Department of Transportation 1920:sharp enough to fit within street 1775:systems, but fits within the U.K. 1424:, with power either drawn from an 1073:system with underground sections. 988:to refer to a mainly above-ground 747:and the English-speaking parts of 25: 3928:. International Union of Railways 3592:. 18 October 2013. Archived from 3587:U.S. Department of Transportation 2173:Philadelphia and Western Railroad 2169:Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad 1673:and short-distance, rubber-tired 1310:The German complementary term is 1043:– an abbreviation for the German 5540: 5394:Transportation demand management 4115:Clayton, Mark (21 August 2012). 4064:"High-Speed Rail Strategic Plan" 3950:. Canada Parliament. 12 May 2009 3873:Blumgart, Jake (23 April 2021). 3653:– via Google News Archive. 3635:Anonas, Alma S. (10 June 1999). 3556:"On the trail of the tram-train" 3278:Glossary of rail transport terms 2808:Greater than 1000 km/h (621 mph) 2333: 1452:general manager Junn Magno as a 469: 422: 47: 3973:"Section 5 Rail Transportation" 2344:needs additional citations for 1501:International Union of Railways 3802:www.railtechnologymagazine.com 3590:Federal Transit Administration 2025:Federal Transit Administration 2015:) is the dominant form of new 1924:. They are typically built in 1862:Federal Transit Administration 891:an exclusive right-of-way for 1: 4366:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 4121:The Christian Science Monitor 3738:Thompson, Gregory L. (2003). 3615:Magno, Junn (29 April 2022). 3108:in reserved lanes, sometimes 2874:have track gauges of between 2730:departments of transportation 1306:Austria, Germany, Switzerland 954:metro system is known as the 909:may be used in either sense. 743:is most commonly used in the 238:Passenger traffic terminology 5567:Glossaries of rail transport 5422:Passenger information system 3904:. Island Press. p. 54. 3700:; retrieved 4 September 2018 2946:) and are primarily used as 2512:personal automated transport 2116:An interurban tram from the 2090:Stourbridge Town branch line 1860:(UMTA; the precursor to the 1580:in the eastern part), while 1470:medium-capacity rail systems 1450:Philippine National Railways 1446:North–South Commuter Railway 1198:London and Greenwich Railway 4560:Demand-responsive transport 4458:Medium-capacity rail system 2818:Prandtl-Glauert singularity 2480:Other types of rail transit 2271:Brisbane and the Gold Coast 1909:are a separate technology. 1886:systems as well as heavier 1829:rather than an electrified 1636:, in which a spring-loaded 1608:, meaning the "shafts of a 1507:At-grade urban rail transit 878:Other definitions of subway 858:. Also, in some countries, 793:Medium-capacity rail system 527:Various terms are used for 495:the claims made and adding 5588: 5323:Public transport timetable 4354:Passenger rail terminology 3624:(YouTube). Link Link Link. 2924:have a gauge of less than 2715:In the United States, the 2686: 2659: 2590: 2536:automated guideway transit 2486:Automated guideway transit 2450:Transport express régional 2386: 2288: 2194:) having been upgraded to 2188:Norristown High Speed Line 2074: 2063:is more common in smaller 1786: 1743: 1456:line. Although the use of 1194:Liverpool Overhead Railway 846:was originally built, the 790: 538: 5536: 5354:Green transport hierarchy 5091:Automated fare collection 4142:"Types of passenger rail" 3467:Bruce, J. Graeme (1979). 3145:Ground-level power supply 3070: 1165:A combination of the old 1146:. Some examples include: 1104:Chicago Transit Authority 671: 351:List of high-speed trains 5572:Passenger rail transport 5389:Transportation authority 3713:Post, Robert C. (2007). 3469:Tube trains under London 3104:Private right-of-way or 3042:5 ft 6 in 2954:use this type of gauge. 2438:include the former BR's 2101:Coventry Very Light Rail 1512:Tram, streetcar, trolley 1271:brings up the rear of a 611:mass rapid transit (MRT) 5453:Bus rapid transit creep 5399:Transportation planning 2240:Schlesische Straßenbahn 1976:Docklands Light Railway 1765:Docklands Light Railway 1761:Light Railways Act 1896 1595: 1534:refer to most forms of 1342:In the United Kingdom, 984:was created in 2007 by 557:operating singly or in 253:Railway nationalization 5151:Manual fare collection 5131:Farebox recovery ratio 4622:Personal rapid transit 3334:. 2013. Archived from 3250:per hour per direction 2734:council of governments 2699:continuous welded rail 2524:automated people mover 2507:Personal rapid transit 2492:personal rapid transit 2449: 2311: 2303: 2239: 2161:Cincinnati Car Company 2134: 2121: 2092: 1903:personal rapid transit 1897:A few systems such as 1604: 1568:most commonly used in 1448:has been described by 1390:In North America, the 1288: 1242:Maha Chakri Sirindhorn 1118: 1052: 1045: 1034: 1007:Confusingly, the term 663:metropolitan railways, 361:Longest train services 243:Named passenger trains 5508:Sustainable transport 5488:Passenger load factor 5303:Clock-face scheduling 5136:Free public transport 4988:Bus turnout (bus bay) 4685:Real-time ridesharing 4478:Platform screen doors 3820:www.transportxtra.com 3227:Passengers per train 3208:Average speed (km/h) 2922:Minimum gauge railway 2872:Narrow gauge railways 2768:Ultra high-speed rail 2602:Street-level boarding 2593:Platform screen doors 2289:Further information: 2165:St. Louis Car Company 2135:Überland(straßen)bahn 2115: 2084: 2043:, but sometimes by a 1916:than heavy rail, and 1835:diesel multiple units 1679:trolley-replica buses 1656:In the U.S. the word 1266: 1248:Sydney Metro Monorail 1212:Market–Frankford Line 1102: 1095:Elevated and overhead 791:Further information: 758:In some cities where 590:public transportation 580:Originally, the term 575:high platform loading 376:Platform screen doors 5547:Transport portal 5483:Outline of transport 5176:Reduced fare program 5146:Integrated ticketing 5101:Contract of carriage 4912:Personal transporter 4468:Narrow-gauge railway 4316:Rail replacement bus 4155:(1): 2. Winter 2014. 3848:"MetroTram – KASSEL" 3765:"Light Rail Fits In" 3497:Transport for London 3456:Transport for London 3397:on 29 November 2005. 2982:). Examples include 2753:Very high-speed rail 2679:200–300 km/h). 2620:High-level platforms 2466:Metro-North Railroad 2353:improve this article 2279:Ipswich and Rosewood 2263:Newcastle and Sydney 2235:Tramwaje Śląskie S.A 2231:Silesian Interurbans 2192:IRT Dyre Avenue Line 2088:ultra light rail on 1970:, as in the case of 1930:multiple-unit trains 1163:New York City Subway 986:Transport for London 978:In the UK, the term 944:Transport for London 932:the colloquial term 913:Underground and tube 650:than rapid transit. 429:Transport portal 381:Railway speed record 5523:Transport economics 5318:On-time performance 5313:Night (owl) service 5013:Interchange station 4892:Horse-drawn vehicle 4680:Flexible carpooling 4488:Metro/Rapid Transit 3717:. Greenwood Press. 3670:The Philippine Star 3596:on 13 November 2013 3371:on 22 February 2014 3338:on 25 February 2018 3054: 3048:Comparison of types 2948:industrial railways 2762:Shanghai Transrapid 2709:Magnetic levitation 2611:Low-level platforms 2510:(PRT), also called 2496:group rapid transit 2304:Zweisystemstadtbahn 2267:Brisbane and Gympie 2220:South Bend, Indiana 2157:J. G. Brill Company 2061:Automatic operation 2030:"heritage" railways 2011:though it's called 1994:. In those places, 1823:electrically driven 1811:light rail vehicles 1797:(LRT) system is an 1422:electrically driven 1374:, and similar. The 1126:is a shorthand for 968:Tyne and Wear Metro 964:Newcastle upon Tyne 895:lines, such as the 888:downtown bus subway 665:are defined by the 356:List of train songs 233:High-speed railways 186:Couplers by country 35:Part of a series on 5277:Standing passenger 4540:Auto rickshaw taxi 4510:Suspension railway 4493:Rubber-tyred metro 4416:Heritage streetcar 4321:Share taxi/Taxibus 3784:citytransport.info 3673:. 25 December 2002 3523:(via archive.org). 3513:cite press release 3409:"MetroRoma – Home" 3248:Maximum passengers 3052: 2952:miniature railways 2587:Passenger boarding 2556:Suspension railway 2216:Millennium Station 2210:, which runs from 2122: 2097:Parry People Mover 2093: 2086:Parry People Mover 2034:Portland Streetcar 2017:urban rail transit 1984:London Underground 1882:, which refers to 1799:urban rail transit 1795:light rail transit 1715:Heritage streetcar 1702:heritage streetcar 1689:Historical systems 1428:or an electrified 1405:can also refer to 1401:In North America, 1376:London Underground 1326:is not common and 1289: 1157:Vancouver SkyTrain 1119: 1071:light rail transit 1031:– a shortening of 1000:, which took over 940:London Underground 938:now refers to the 819:Buffalo Metro Rail 811:Newark City Subway 801:Sub-surface subway 769:Vancouver SkyTrain 480:possibly contains 191:Coupler conversion 5554: 5553: 5246:Transport network 5236:Non-revenue track 4902:Inclined elevator 4837:Inclined elevator 4803:Inclined elevator 4428:Higher-speed rail 4371:Airport rail link 4254:Bus rapid transit 4070:on 7 January 2013 3854:. 29 January 2011 3724:978-0-313-33916-5 3495:(Press release). 3435:"Metro de Madrid" 3269: 3268: 3061:Ultra light rail/ 2726:higher-speed rail 2662:Higher-speed rail 2656:Higher-speed rail 2646:higher-speed rail 2634:Conventional rail 2440:Regional Railways 2385: 2384: 2377: 2275:Southern Higlands 1671:aerial cable cars 1651:trolling for fish 1468:used to describe 1316:and the opposite 1227:Manila LRT Line 1 1186:. Most "El's" in 1017:U-Bahn and S-Bahn 998:London Overground 893:bus rapid transit 817:lines. Also, the 639:bus rapid transit 571:signaling systems 529:passenger railway 525: 524: 517: 482:original research 463: 462: 181:Railway couplings 164:Steam locomotives 16:(Redirected from 5579: 5545: 5544: 5463:Destination sign 5427:Platform display 5417:Destination sign 5374:Transit district 5369:Street hierarchy 5349:Complete streets 5344:Airport security 5226:Cross-city route 5171:Proof-of-payment 5141:Free travel pass 4632:Public light bus 4592:Hackney carriage 4411:Heritage railway 4396:Elevated railway 4391:Cross-city route 4311:Public light bus 4269:Cross-city route 4221:Public transport 4214: 4207: 4200: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4173:. Island Press. 4163: 4157: 4156: 4146: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4039:US Code Title 49 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4015:. 29 August 2013 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3988: 3977: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3881:. e.Republic LLC 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3744: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3710: 3701: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3579: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3516: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3415:on 23 April 2009 3411:. Archived from 3405: 3399: 3398: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3370: 3364:. Archived from 3363: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3324: 3121:grade-separated 3116:grade-separated 3063:Very light rail 3058:Characteristics 3055: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3009: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2963: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2878: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2844: 2597:Railway platform 2454:) and Germany's 2452: 2380: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2337: 2329: 2314: 2306: 2243:) and Belgium's 2242: 2208:South Shore Line 2177:block signalling 2137: 2077:Ultra light rail 2003:" to discourage 1932:or single cars. 1719:heritage trolley 1634:Frank J. Sprague 1607: 1598: 1454:heavy rail metro 1128:elevated railway 1117:station at night 1067:Frankfurt U-Bahn 1055: 1048: 1046:Stadtschnellbahn 1037: 992:network serving 966:to refer to the 897:MBTA Silver Line 711:Saint Petersburg 674: 673: 551:electric railway 520: 513: 509: 506: 500: 497:inline citations 473: 472: 465: 455: 448: 441: 427: 426: 127:Gauge conversion 51: 32: 21: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5539: 5532: 5436: 5409: 5403: 5332: 5286: 5262:Checked baggage 5250: 5209: 5096:Bus advertising 5080: 5072: 4941: 4932:Trackless train 4875:Scooter-sharing 4870:Bicycle-sharing 4847: 4841: 4807: 4747: 4699: 4661: 4637:Pulled rickshaw 4607:Motorcycle taxi 4550:Combination bus 4531: 4524: 4438:Inter-city rail 4423:High-speed rail 4340: 4223: 4218: 4188: 4181: 4167:Cervero, Robert 4165: 4164: 4160: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4044: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3822:. 10 July 2015. 3814: 3813: 3809: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3778:Smiler, Simon. 3777: 3776: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3642:Manila Standard 3634: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3581: 3580: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3558:. Rail Magazine 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3509: 3502: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3450: 3446: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3326: 3325: 3310: 3306: 3274: 3249: 3187:Units per train 3178: 3176: 3167: 3163: 3152: 3143: 3139: 3120: 3115: 3110:grade-separated 3097: 3080: 3075: 3067: 3062: 3050: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3013:5 ft 3012: 3007: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2990:4 ft 2989: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2966:4 ft 2965: 2961: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2930:1 ft 2929: 2925: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2904:4 ft 2903: 2899: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2882:1 ft 2881: 2876: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2848:4 ft 2847: 2842: 2831: 2810: 2770: 2755: 2691: 2689:High-speed rail 2685: 2683:High-speed rail 2664: 2658: 2650:high-speed rail 2636: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2599: 2589: 2580: 2578:Express service 2571: 2566: 2482: 2417:Inter-city rail 2399: 2389:Inter-city rail 2387:Main articles: 2381: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2350: 2338: 2327: 2293: 2287: 2181:grade crossings 2110: 2079: 2073: 1959:level crossings 1819:grade-separated 1791: 1785: 1756:British English 1748: 1742: 1723:vintage trolley 1717:(also known as 1691: 1514: 1509: 1499:term according 1494: 1438: 1388: 1352:high-speed rail 1340: 1308: 1303: 1285:Randolph/Wabash 1277:elevated tracks 1269:2600 series car 1261: 1220:University City 1097: 1019: 976: 948:'cut-and-cover' 915: 880: 868:Piccadilly line 803: 795: 789: 656: 633:in some cases. 567:grade-separated 543: 537: 521: 510: 504: 501: 486: 474: 470: 459: 421: 318: 267:Special systems 262: 228:Inter-city rail 213:Passenger train 138: 93:Railway station 70: 69: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5585: 5583: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5559: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5478:Land transport 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5379:Transit police 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5359:Rail subsidies 5356: 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Network length 5228: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5195:Ticket machine 5192: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5116:Fare avoidance 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4998:Ferry terminal 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4907:Moving walkway 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4862: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4832:Moving walkway 4829: 4824: 4818: 4816: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4761:Aerial tramway 4757: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4557: 4555:Cycle rickshaw 4552: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4505:Street running 4502: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4233: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4194: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4158: 4133: 4107: 4081: 4055: 4026: 4000: 3989:on 13 May 2012 3961: 3939: 3917: 3910: 3892: 3865: 3839: 3825: 3807: 3789: 3770: 3756: 3730: 3723: 3702: 3684: 3656: 3627: 3607: 3569: 3547: 3525: 3484: 3477: 3459: 3444: 3439:metromadrid.es 3426: 3400: 3391:"Paris Visite" 3382: 3349: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3174:Overhead lines 3171: 3169:Overhead lines 3158: 3150:Overhead lines 3147: 3137:Overhead lines 3134: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3106:street running 3102: 3091: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3081:suburban rail 3077: 3072: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3049: 3046: 2830: 2827: 2809: 2806: 2769: 2766: 2754: 2751: 2704:Tilting trains 2687:Main article: 2684: 2681: 2660:Main article: 2657: 2654: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2481: 2478: 2429:DB Fernverkehr 2427:and Germany's 2383: 2382: 2341: 2339: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2286: 2283: 2109: 2106: 2075:Main article: 2072: 2069: 2041:overhead wires 1988: 1987: 1963: 1962: 1950: 1892:intercity rail 1787:Main article: 1784: 1781: 1744:Main article: 1741: 1738: 1690: 1687: 1536:common carrier 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1493: 1490: 1437: 1434: 1415:intercity rail 1387: 1384: 1339: 1338:United Kingdom 1336: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1245: 1230: 1223: 1205: 1191: 1160: 1154: 1109:tracks in the 1096: 1093: 1035:Untergrundbahn 1018: 1015: 1004:Metro routes. 994:Greater London 975: 972: 956:Glasgow Subway 914: 911: 879: 876: 836:subway-surface 802: 799: 788: 785: 753:Glasgow Subway 655: 652: 616:Southeast Asia 539:Main article: 536: 533: 523: 522: 477: 475: 468: 461: 460: 458: 457: 450: 443: 435: 432: 431: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 325: 324: 320: 319: 317: 316: 311: 306: 305: 304: 294: 289: 284: 283: 282: 269: 268: 264: 263: 261: 260: 255: 250: 248:Rail subsidies 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 199: 198: 193: 188: 178: 173: 168: 167: 166: 156: 148: 147: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 134: 129: 124: 122:Variable gauge 114: 113: 112: 102: 101: 100: 90: 85: 77: 76: 75:Infrastructure 72: 71: 68: 67: 62: 56: 53: 52: 44: 43: 41:Rail transport 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5584: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5535: 5529: 5528:Micromobility 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5473:Hail and ride 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5068:Transport hub 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053:Train station 5051: 5049: 5048:Taxicab stand 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5033:Park and ride 5031: 5029: 5028:Metro station 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4771:Cable railway 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4500:Regional rail 4498: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4381:Commuter rail 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4284:Intercity bus 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4182: 4180:1-55963-591-6 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3913: 3911:9781642832136 3907: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3866: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3741: 3734: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3631: 3628: 3620: 3619: 3611: 3608: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3480: 3478:0-85329-095-4 3474: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3367: 3360: 3357:UITP (2011). 3353: 3350: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153:(or, rarely, 3151: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3100:mixed traffic 3095: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3073: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3047: 3045: 3039: 3037:1,676 mm 3032:1,588 mm 3029: 3008:Russian gauge 2987: 2985:1,520 mm 2962:1,435 mm 2959: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2923: 2900:1,435 mm 2879: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2845: 2843:1,435 mm 2839: 2836: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2610: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2569:Local service 2568: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2468:and London's 2467: 2463: 2462:Commuter rail 2459: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2435:Regional rail 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2397:Commuter rail 2394: 2393:Regional rail 2390: 2379: 2376: 2368: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2342:This section 2340: 2336: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2269:, or between 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2224:Gary, Indiana 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196:rapid transit 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2124:In the U.S., 2119: 2114: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:rapid transit 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2021:United States 2018: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1968:rapid transit 1965: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:intersections 1919: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:people movers 1895: 1893: 1889: 1888:regional rail 1885: 1884:rapid transit 1881: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:overhead line 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815:multiple unit 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1790: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1777:light railway 1774: 1770: 1769:rapid transit 1766: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1752:light railway 1747: 1746:Light railway 1740:Light railway 1739: 1737: 1735: 1734:San Francisco 1730: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:people-movers 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570:North America 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1492:International 1491: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1426:overhead line 1423: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1411:commuter rail 1408: 1407:rapid transit 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1386:North America 1385: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1372:people movers 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356:regional rail 1353: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202:brick viaduct 1199: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063:Berlin S-Bahn 1060: 1059:Berlin U-Bahn 1056: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 990:suburban rail 987: 983: 982: 973: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 950:methods. The 949: 945: 941: 937: 936: 931: 926: 924: 923: 922: 917:The usage of 912: 910: 908: 904: 900: 898: 894: 889: 885: 877: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 844:Boston subway 840: 838: 837: 832: 829: 825: 820: 816: 812: 808: 800: 798: 794: 786: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 761: 756: 754: 750: 746: 745:United States 742: 738: 735: 734:rapid transit 731: 727: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 668: 664: 660: 653: 651: 649: 645: 641: 640: 634: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 612: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 586: 585: 584:rapid transit 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 563:rights-of-way 560: 559:multiple unit 556: 552: 549:system is an 548: 547:rapid transit 542: 541:Rapid transit 535:Rapid transit 534: 532: 530: 519: 516: 508: 498: 494: 490: 484: 483: 478:This article 476: 467: 466: 456: 451: 449: 444: 442: 437: 436: 434: 433: 430: 425: 420: 419: 414: 411: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 328: 327: 326: 321: 315: 312: 310: 307: 303: 300: 299: 298: 297:Rapid transit 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 281: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 223:Regional rail 221: 219: 218:Commuter rail 216: 214: 211: 209: 208:Bogie (truck) 206: 204: 201: 197: 196:Dual coupling 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 177: 176:Railroad cars 174: 172: 169: 165: 162: 161: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149: 146: 145:rolling stock 141: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 119: 118: 115: 111: 108: 107: 106: 105:Railway track 103: 99: 96: 95: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78: 73: 66: 65:Company types 63: 61: 58: 57: 55: 54: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 5538: 5513:Timing point 5498:Request stop 5441:Other topics 5298:Bus bunching 5282:Travel class 5241:Radial route 5221:Circle route 5205:Transit pass 5166:Penalty fare 5126:Fare evasion 5121:Fare capping 5106:Dead mileage 5063:Transit mall 4786:Gondola lift 4565:Microtransit 4473:People mover 4386:Circle route 4353: 4301:Open top bus 4264:Circle route 4170: 4161: 4152: 4148: 4136: 4124:. 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