1172:
877:
1111:
Tokyo, Hiroshima and
Nagasaki (those who survived), would not describe water power as stopping; certainly not the double habakusha—those who survived in Hiroshima on August 6 and within next two days managed to reach Nagasaki. Had Mearsheimer arranged a poll of double habakushas on August 10, "Does, in your opinion, water power stop?" he would have collected unanimous negative, not necessarily literal, replies. Just the day before the anniversary of the original kamikaze (August 15), the Japanese announced the unconditional surrender. They knew: water will not stop. Not this time.
1086:
941:
701:
569:
252:
1522:
596:) were formulized on equal terms without any expression of clientship and the Romans almost never used the word "client." The term "client king" is an invention of the post-Renaissance scholarship. Those who are conventionally called by modern historians of Rome "client kings" were referred to as "allies and friends" of the Roman people. "Alliance" and "friendship," not any kind of subordination, bound them to Rome.
40:
1927:: "As a result, Ch'i began to dominate most of China proper; in 651 BC it formed the little states of the area into a league, which was successful in staving off invasions from the semi-barbarian regimes to the north and south. Although Ch'i thus gained hegemony over China, its rule was short-lived; after Duke Huan's death, internal disorders caused it to lose the leadership of the new confederation."
556:, which it had annexed two years previously. The remaining five great warring states of China joined in the anti-hegemonic coalition and attacked Qin in 318 BC. "Qin, supported by one annexed state, overwhelmed the world coalition." The same scenario repeated itself several times.) until Qin decisively moved from hegemony to
1187:
518:(424–362 BC) was named hegemon by the King of Zhou. Qin rulers did not preserve the official title of hegemon but in fact kept the hegemony over their world: "For more than one hundred years Qin commanded eight lands and brought the lord of equal rank to its court." One of the six other great powers,
1357:
Hegemony may take different forms. Benevolent hegemons provide public goods to the countries within their sphere of influence. Coercive hegemons exert their economic or military power to discipline unruly or free-riding countries in their sphere of influence. Exploitative hegemonies extract resources
1384:
A number of
International Relations scholars have examined the decline of hegemons and their orders. For some, such decline tends to be disruptive because the stability that the hegemon provided gives way to a power vacuum. Others have maintained that cooperation may persist in the face of hegemonic
1341:
in the 19th century or the United States in the 20th century. A hegemon may shape the international system through coercive and non-coercive means. According to Nuno
Monteiro, hegemony is distinct from unipolarity. The latter refers to a preponderance of power within an anarchic system, whereas the
1105:
have argued that the US is not a genuine global hegemon because it has neither the financial nor the military resources to impose a proper, formal, global hegemony. This theory is heavily contested in academic discussions of international relations, with Anna Beyer being a notable critic of Nye and
599:
No regular or formal tribute was extracted from client states. The land of a client state could not officially be a basis for taxation. The overall fact is that, despite extensive conquests, the Romans did not settle down nor extracted revenues in any subdued territories between 200 and 148 BC. The
1474:
of the hegemon (leader state), which then is the official source of information for the people of the society of the sub-ordinate state. Writing on language and power, Andrea Mayr says, "As a practice of power, hegemony operates largely through language." In contemporary society, an example of the
1400:
is likely to produce the most stable and peaceful outcomes. Kenneth Waltz and John
Mearsheimer are among those who argue that bipolarity tends to generate relatively more stability, whereas John Ikenberry and William Wohlforth are among those arguing for the stabilizing impact of unipolarity. Some
1353:
was world-historical in scope. For him, hegemony was the most common order in history (historical "optimum") because many provinces of "frank" empires were under hegemonic rather than imperial rule. Watson summarized his life-long research: There was a spectrum of political systems ranging between
1110:
Disregarding recent (since 1492 AD) events, the hypothesis makes sense. In 1281, water and the "good wind" (kamikaze) indeed stopped the
Mongols on the way to Japan. Later, however, even with all sorts of kamikaze, water ceased to stop. In 1945, the citizens of Hamburg and Dresden, Berlin and
1392:
suggested that the global order maintained by the United States would eventually decline as benefits from the public goods provided by
Washington would diffuse to other states. In the 1980s, some scholars singled out Japan's economic growth and technological sophistication as a threat to U.S.
1152:
can be achieved between the US and China, but has faced opposition to this claim. According to the recent study published in 2019, the authors argued that a "third‐way hegemony" or Dutch‐style hegemony apart from a peaceful or violent hegemonic rise may be the most feasible option to describe
919:
Bismarck defined the road ahead as … no expansion, no push for hegemony in Europe. Germany was to be the strongest power in Europe but without being a hegemon. … His basic axioms were first, no conflict among major powers in
Central Europe; and second, German security without German
1463:, indirect imperial domination. J. Brutt-Griffler, a critic of this view, has described it as "deeply condescending" and "treats people ... as blank slates on which global capitalism's moving finger writes its message, leaving behind another cultural automaton as it moves on."
720:
Jayantha Jayman writes, "If we consider the
Western dominated global system from as early as the 15th century, there have been several hegemonic powers and contenders that have attempted to create the world order in their own images." He lists several contenders for historical
603:
The Roman hegemony of the late
Republic left to the Mediterranean kings internal autonomy and obliged them not to enter alliances hostile to Rome and not to wage offensive wars without consent of the Senate. Annexations usually followed when client kings broke this order
1412:
Scholars disagree about the sources and stability of U.S. unipolarity. Realist international relations scholars argue that unipolarity is rooted in the superiority of U.S. material power since the end of the Cold War. Liberal international relations scholar
655:, ruler of a large empire in northern India from AD 606 to 647, brought most of the north under his hegemony. He preferred not to rule as a central government, but left "conquered kings on their thrones and contenting himself with tribute and homage."
1877:: "Fusions of power occurred in the shape of leagues of cities, such as the Peloponnesian League, the Delian League, and the Boeotian League. The efficacy of these leagues depended chiefly upon the hegemony of a leading city (Sparta, Athens, or Thebes)"
1510:, hegemony with respect to media studies refers to individuals or concepts that become most dominant in a culture. Building on Gramsci's ideas, Hall stated that the media is a critical institution for furthering or inhibiting hegemony.
6178:
1137:, outlined three stages, with hegemonic being the first, followed by imperial. In his view the transformation proved to be fatal and eventually led to the fall of the Roman Empire. His book gives implicit advice to
1325:. Beyer analysed the contemporary hegemony of the United States at the example of the Global War on Terrorism and presented the mechanisms and processes of American exercise of power in 'hegemonic governance'.
849:
dominion was an early instance of commercial hegemony, made feasible by the development of wind power for the efficient production and delivery of goods and services. This, in turn, made possible the
Amsterdam
1354:
multiple independent states and universal empire. The further a political system evolved towards one of the extremes, the greater was the gravitational pull towards the hegemonic center of the spectrum.
95:
1417:
attributes U.S. hegemony in part to what he says are commitments and self-restraint that the United States established through the creation of international institutions (such as the United Nations,
3472:
As well as p. 145: "Unified Germany was achieving the strength to dominate Europe all by itself—an occurrence which Great Britain had always resisted in the past when it came about by conquest".
6171:
3744:
208:
denoted the "social or cultural predominance or ascendancy; predominance by one group within a society or milieu" and "a group or regime which exerts undue influence within a society".
6164:
972:(1933–1945) all either maintained imperialist policies based on spheres of influence or attempted to conquer territory but none achieved the status of a global hegemonic power.
786:
956:
but no global hegemon. World War I strengthened the United States and, to a lesser extent, Japan. Both of these states' governments pursued policies to expand their regional
2539:
US Hegemony: Global Ambitions and Decline : Emergence of the Interregional Asian Triangle and the Relegation of the US as a Hegemonic Power, the Reorientation of Europe
2509:
US Hegemony: Global Ambitions and Decline : Emergence of the Interregional Asian Triangle and the Relegation of the US as a Hegemonic Power, the Reorientation of Europe
1106:
Mearsheimer. According to Mearsheimer, global hegemony is unlikely due to the difficulties in projecting power over large bodies of water. An Historian analyzed the claim:
990:
Following the war, the US and the USSR were the two strongest global powers and this created a bi-polar power dynamic in international affairs, commonly referred to as the
5696:
5649:
1369:. Its premise is that a hegemonic power is necessary to develop and uphold a stable international political and economic order. The theory was developed in the 1970s by
6064:
1346:
1034:). The result was that many countries, no matter how remote, were drawn into the conflict when it was suspected that their government's policies might destabilize the
1313:
wherein a sub-ordinate society (collectivity) perform social tasks that are culturally unnatural and not beneficial to them, but that are in exclusive benefit to the
842:
tried to restore the Habsburg dominance but, by the middle of the 17th century "Spain's pretensions to hegemony (in Europe) had definitely and irremediably failed."
589:
in 189 BC. Officially, Rome's client states were outside the whole Roman imperium, and preserved their entire sovereignty and international rights and privileges.
3803:
2681:
1381:
has argued that the theory is not a proper theory because it amounts to a series of allegedly redundant claims that apparently could not be used predictively.
684:
held hegemony in the Mediterranean, dominating trade between Europe and the Orient for centuries, and having naval supremacy. However, with the arrival of the
545:. "The political world appears as a chaos of ever-changing coalitions, but in which each new combination could ultimately be defined by its relation to Qin."
1580:
3724:
2595:
612:). In the course of these and other annexations, Rome gradually evolved from hegemony into empire. The last major client state of the Mediterranean – the
4234:
1179:
1035:
4593:
2766:
1441:, whereby the leader state (hegemon) dictates the internal politics and the societal character of the subordinate states that constitute the hegemonic
6439:
5716:
1672:
900:(1837–1901) ruling over one-quarter of the world's land and population at its zenith. Like the Dutch, the British Empire was primarily seaborne; many
6059:
4778:
1038:. Reinhard Hildebrandt calls this a period of "dual-hegemony", where "two dominant states have been stabilizing their European spheres of influence
522:, was annexed as early as 324 BC. From the reign of Duke Xian on, "Qin gradually swallowed up the six states until, after hundred years or so, the
480:
5824:
5819:
5814:
6589:
6563:
5746:
5386:
4688:
1706:
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507:
lord conferences and were nominally obliged to support the King of Zhou, whose status parallel to that of the Roman Pope in the medieval Europe.
6079:
1445:, either by an internal, sponsored government or by an external, installed government. The imposition of the hegemon's way of life—an imperial
1059:
876:
5689:
4795:
3617:
3596:
3530:
3282:
3130:
2888:
1655:
1342:
former refers to a hierarchical system where the most powerful state has the ability to "control the external behavior of all other states."
6084:
6074:
1475:
use of language in this way is in the way Western countries set up educational systems in African countries mediated by Western languages.
1212:
denoted the Great Power politics (c. 1880s – 1914) for establishing hegemony (indirect imperial rule), that then leads to a definition of
1171:
726:
3760:
6069:
5922:
5912:
5496:
5406:
1126:
215:, the hegemonic order dictates the internal politics and the societal character of the subordinate states that constitute the hegemonic
1317:
interests of the hegemon, the superior, ordinate power; hegemony is a military, political, and economic relationship that occurs as an
6526:
5839:
5829:
3796:
3672:
Slack, Jennifer Daryl (1996). "The Theory and Method of Articulation in Cultural Studies". In Morley, David; Chen, Kuan-Hsing (eds.).
3662:
2451:
1690:
1397:
1042:." Proxy wars became battle grounds between forces supported either directly or indirectly by the hegemonic powers and included the
515:
285:
6135:
6089:
5766:
3643:
3495:
3462:
2863:
2830:
2805:
2665:
2579:
2491:
1826:
1811:
1748:
3105:
Schweller, Randall L., and Xiaoyu Pu (2011). "After Unipolarity: China's Vision of International Order in an Era of U.S. Decline."
2908:
2617:
2297:
1536:
5682:
5466:
3916:
3397:
1337:, hegemony generally refers to the ability of an actor to shape the international system. Usually this actor is a state, such as
1026:
countries (1949–present/1954–1977/1955–1979). During the Cold War both hegemons competed against each other directly (during the
6130:
5989:
4422:
4273:
1507:
1455:(social, economic, educational, governing)—transforms the concrete imperialism of direct military domination into the abstract
1297:
1074:
6051:
5806:
5623:
5476:
4362:
2331:
1940:
1393:
primacy. More recently, analysts have focused on the economic and military rise of China and its challenge to U.S. hegemony.
3298:
Ikenberry, G. John (Winter 1998–1999). "Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order".
2347:
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823:
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530:
1246:
as well as force to maintain its power. Hence, the philosophic and sociologic theory of cultural hegemony analysed the
6419:
5932:
5576:
5571:
5356:
3412:
2410:
2253:
2071:
1418:
605:
3343:"Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity: Why Being a Unipole Isn't All It's Cracked Up to Be"
1887:
873:. However, Jeremy Black writes that, because of Britain, France "was unable to enjoy the benefits" of this hegemony.
231:
denoted the geopolitical and the cultural predominance of one country over other countries, e.g. the hegemony of the
6140:
5949:
5726:
4558:
4548:
4241:
3901:
3710:
2240:
1574:
1388:
There has been a long debate in the field about whether American hegemony is in decline. As early as in the 1970s,
1366:
1051:
243:
theories, hegemony is distinguished from empire as ruling only external but not internal affairs of other states.
6270:
4605:
4133:
2230:
2076:, (tr. Earnest Lary, London: Loeb, 1961), 20:68:3; 28:53; 33:34; 36:21; 37:14; 38:33–34; 39:33; 41:11, 13; 43:27.
1771:
1093:
Various perspectives on whether the US was or continues to be a hegemon have been presented since the end of the
915:
In Europe, Germany, rather than Britain, may have been the strongest power after 1871, but Samuel Newland writes:
807:
2425:
5942:
5446:
2507:
1318:
1116:
472:
31:
2770:
2701:"China's hegemonic intentions and trajectory: Will it opt for benevolent, coercive, or Dutch-style hegemony?"
1148:
claimed that China is already on the way to becoming the world hegemon and that the focus should be on how a
6594:
6188:
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6115:
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5705:
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5160:
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4263:
3382:
1776:
1483:
1362:
1334:
1067:
885:
240:
3566:
DuBois, T. D. (2005). "Hegemony, Imperialism and the Construction of Religion in East and Southeast Asia".
1085:
420:
of 550 BC–330 BC dominated these sub-regional hegemonies prior to its collapse. Ancient historians such as
6475:
6220:
6215:
4753:
4733:
4620:
4583:
4253:
3881:
2204:
1265:
1123:
in 1999 described the US as a hegemonic hyperpower, because of its unilateral military actions worldwide.
1089:
A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI
904:
were located around the rim of the Indian Ocean, as well as numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean and the
782:
752:
738:
4673:
3427:
2740:
633:"hegemonic peace," use the term "hegemony" in its broader sense which includes both hegemony and empire.
6205:
4907:
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4268:
3469:
European coalitions were likely to arise to contain Germany's Nazis growing, potentially dominant, power
2090:
1569:
984:
862:
4723:
1714:
869:
I (1799–1815) attempted true French hegemony via economic, cultural and military domination of most of
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Counterterrorism and International Power Relations: The EU, ASEAN and Hegemonic Global Governance
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2631:
Religion and Global Culture: New Terrain in the Study of Religion and the Work of Charles H. Long
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870:
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https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199743292/obo-9780199743292-0122.xml#
2618:
https://archive.org/details/military-globalization/page/275/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Kamikaze
1895:
of greatest interest in Herodotus is the supreme command of the Greek coalition against Xerxes."
1145:
3681:
700:
600:
first good evidence for regular taxation of another kingdom comes from Judea as late as 64 BC.
6584:
6366:
6260:
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6125:
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1807:
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1601:
1591:
1559:
1554:
1377:, among others. It has been criticized on both conceptual and empirical grounds. For example,
1272:
1231:
1208:
extended to describe the predominance of one country upon other countries; and, by extension,
1198:
1166:
1120:
1063:
1047:
817:
813:
681:
670:
641:
637:
629:. This peace however was imperial rather than hegemonic. Classic and modern scholars who call
613:
609:
417:
401:
357:
352:
260:
2629:
2483:
2476:
2441:
1784:
1682:
662:
achieved hegemony in Europe, with dominance over France, most of Northern and Central Italy,
6599:
6548:
6533:
6384:
6245:
6240:
6145:
6014:
5937:
5586:
5516:
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4203:
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3307:
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3174:
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2712:
2085:
1678:
1434:
1422:
1292:
1251:
1247:
1138:
1098:
976:
770:
766:
685:
645:
151:
145:
110:
60:
2270:
568:
6521:
6444:
6434:
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6329:
6250:
6225:
5974:
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5882:
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5055:
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5015:
5000:
4935:
4912:
4897:
4882:
4867:
4738:
4693:
4678:
4668:
4490:
4485:
4342:
4337:
4317:
4305:
3739:
3442:
3053:
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1981). "Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy."
1527:
1456:
1406:
1223:
1190:
1154:
965:
925:
586:
104:
1833:, (eds. Craig Calhoun, Frederick Cooper and Kevin Moore, New York: The New Press), p 270.
1264:—as natural, inevitable, and beneficial to every social class, rather than as artificial
1182:, with the United States alone accounting for 43% of global military expenditure in 2009.
3718:
251:
6341:
6319:
6293:
5771:
5633:
5541:
5531:
5260:
5135:
5120:
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5085:
5030:
5005:
4960:
4940:
4802:
4773:
4748:
4703:
4683:
4645:
4600:
4480:
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4327:
4158:
3971:
3749:
3454:
2794:
2051:
1616:
1586:
1487:
1479:
1414:
1378:
1338:
1306:
1302:
1256:
1235:
1130:
897:
893:
881:
774:
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585:
Rome established its hegemony over the entire Mediterranean after its victory over the
377:
373:
278:
194:
187:
47:
43:
1521:
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6314:
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4990:
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4708:
4615:
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4198:
3734:
3705:
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2168:, (trs. V. O. Gorenstein, & M. M. Pokrovsky, Moscow: Ladomir, 1981), 1:3, 11, 35.
2159:
1944:
1906:
1596:
1447:
1425:
argues that legitimation and institutionalization are key components of unipolarity.
1389:
1385:
decline because of institutions or enhanced contributions from non-hegemonic powers.
1370:
1284:
905:
734:
705:
523:
413:
3327:
3257:
3202:
3024:
Krasner, Stephen D. (1976). "State Power and the Structure of International Trade."
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to continue the present hegemonic strategy and refrain from establishing an empire.
273:
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1564:
1544:
1402:
1239:
1194:
980:
969:
953:
851:
846:
730:
577:
476:
337:
224:
220:
39:
952:
The early 20th century, like the late 19th century, was characterized by multiple
197:(ca. 8th BC – AD 6th c.), hegemony denoted the politico-military dominance of the
3607:
3272:
3120:
623:
Augustus initiated an unprecedented era of peace, shortly after his reign called
6480:
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6120:
5999:
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2164:
2067:
1626:
1611:
1549:
1452:
1350:
1314:
1213:
1055:
1011:
983:(China, France, the UK, the US, and the USSR) were given permanent seats on the
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519:
511:
232:
212:
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5185:
5105:
4877:
4768:
4610:
4553:
4530:
4495:
4444:
4434:
4402:
4347:
4173:
4153:
4078:
4042:
3946:
3931:
3856:
3447:
2644:
The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century AD to the Third
1621:
1606:
1517:
1288:
1102:
1043:
1007:
625:
381:
347:
201:
3396:
Brutt-Griffler, J., in Karlfried Knapp, Barbara Seidlhofer, H. G. Widdowson,
3368:
3241:
3186:
2948:
2726:
6543:
6495:
6110:
5865:
5326:
5265:
4822:
4465:
4392:
4377:
4298:
4218:
4213:
4138:
4093:
4073:
4052:
4037:
4017:
4002:
3866:
3826:
3233:
2572:
Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History
2427:
The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume III: The Nineteenth Century
2236:
1936:
1322:
1031:
1027:
1003:
831:
793:
760:
504:
421:
361:
27:
Political, economic or military predominance of one state over other states
5674:
3512:
2995:
Grunberg, Isabelle (1990). "Exploring the ‘Myth' of Hegemonic Stability."
944:
The Soviet Union and the United States dominated world affairs during the
6409:
6235:
5855:
5834:
5601:
5180:
4917:
4510:
4475:
4449:
4429:
4382:
4193:
4148:
4032:
3936:
3926:
3891:
3522:
3486:
Beneath the United States: A history of U.S. policy towards Latin America
3311:
2971:
The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis
2940:
2130:
1467:
1094:
999:
991:
945:
866:
663:
644:
dominated the vast territories they governed, with other states like the
617:
439:
17:
3761:"Hegemony Online: The Quiet Convergence of Power, Culture and Computers"
2658:
US–China relations in the 21st century : power transition and peace
692:, they began to gradually lose their hegemony to other European powers.
6470:
5638:
5551:
4439:
4407:
4397:
4168:
4128:
3961:
3886:
3871:
3851:
3781:
3319:
3249:
3217:
3194:
3162:
2982:
See Snidal, Duncan (1985). "The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory."
2924:
2796:
The Dividing Discipline: Hegemony and Diversity in International Theory
2143:
2125:
2022:
1280:
1243:
892:
After the defeat and exile of Napoleon, hegemony largely passed to the
499:
and is described as intermediate between king of independent state and
450:
3359:
3342:
3042:
After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy
2596:"NATO's Democratic Retrenchment: Hegemony After the Return of History"
1677:. Oxford University Press and International Studies Association, LLC.
297:, 'authority, rule, political supremacy', related to the word
6394:
6324:
6009:
5897:
4387:
4188:
3976:
3951:
3941:
3911:
3896:
3753:
3274:
America's Global Advantage: US Hegemony and International Cooperation
2717:
2700:
2108:
2103:
756:
658:
From the late 9th to the early 11th century, the empire developed by
652:
409:
385:
304:
3655:
NATO's Democratic Retrenchment: Hegemony After the Return of History
3178:
2232:
Hegemonic Peace and Empire: The Pax Romana, Britannica and Americana
1498:(1871–1945), and by the end of the 20th century, the United States.
1478:
Suggested examples of cultural imperialism include the latter-stage
1421:, World Bank, and World Trade Organization). Constructivist scholar
3079:
Snidal, Duncan (1985). "The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory."
2412:
Great Powers and the Quest for Hegemony: The World Order Since 1500
1743:(5th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 1215.
1186:
718:
The Rise of the Qi Ye Ji Tuan and the Emergence of Chinese Hegemony
5984:
5741:
4417:
3906:
3841:
1491:
1185:
1170:
1084:
1023:
1019:
939:
567:
333:
268:
250:
38:
1204:
In the historical writing of the 19th century, the denotation of
1077:
in 1991, the United States was the world's sole hegemonic power.
416:(478–404 BC) was that of a "hegemon". The super-regional Persian
5761:
4412:
3836:
2767:"The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2009"
1175:
1015:
6160:
5678:
3785:
3717:
1287:(1871–1918); and the personal and intellectual predominance of
552:
alliance was formed in 322 BC. Qin was supported by one state,
533:
in 221 BC was dominated by confrontation between the hegemonic
186:) is the political, economic, and military predominance of one
6041:
3981:
3876:
3414:
Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse
2744:
2443:
Victories Are Not Enough: Limitations of the German Way of War
2398:"Colbert, Jean-Baptiste § Financial and economic affairs"
932:, both of whom allege that naval power is vital for hegemony.
131:
81:
1283:
as the militarily and culturally predominant province of the
845:
In late 16th- and 17th-century Holland, the Dutch Republic's
298:
2094:, (tr. C. H. Oldfather, London: Loeb, 1946), 33:16; 34/5:31.
1260:(world view)—justifying the social, political, and economic
979:, the United Nations was established and the five strongest
592:
With few exceptions, the Roman treaties with client states (
1911:, ed. Adam K. W. Wen, Connecticut: New Heaven, 1954, p. 60.
1437:
of hegemony, imperial dominance is established by means of
994:. American hegemony during this time has been described as
924:
These fluctuations form the basis for cyclical theories by
537:
alliance led by Qin and the anti-hegemonic alliance called
292:
178:
172:
166:
160:
134:
125:
84:
75:
66:
3036:
3034:
2029:, tr. W. K. Liao, London: Columbia University Press, 1959.
1875:"Greeks, Romans, and barbarians (from Europe, history of)"
810:). Based on British textiles and command of the high seas.
471:
In Ancient East Asia, Chinese hegemony existed during the
350:. One of the earliest literary legacies of humankind, the
163:
72:
1829:(2002) "The myths of empire and strategies of hegemony,"
1806:(3rd ed.). London: HarperCollins. pp. 387–388.
1409:
argued that multipolarity was the most stable structure.
987:, the organization's most powerful decision-making body.
122:
116:
1831:
Lessons of Empire: Imperial Histories and American Power
3399:
Handbook of Foreign Language Communication and Learning
834:). Based on British industrial supremacy and railroads.
3163:"Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability"
3007:
3005:
2324:
Western Humanities: Beginnings Through the Renaissance
1739:
Chernow, Barbara A.; Vallasi, George A., eds. (1994).
3691:
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies
2614:
Military Globalization: Geography, Strategy, Weaponry
1674:
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies
1466:
Culturally, hegemony also is established by means of
175:
2646:, (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976).
968:. France, the UK, Italy, the Soviet Union and later
6514:
6458:
6377:
6302:
6279:
6196:
6098:
6050:
5848:
5805:
5780:
5734:
5725:
5509:
5278:
4926:
4659:
4539:
4458:
4370:
4361:
4227:
4061:
3990:
3819:
3676:
Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies
896:, which became the largest empire in history, with
759:and the global exploration and colonization of the
336:was hegemony shifting from city to city and called
282:
169:
157:
154:
128:
119:
113:
78:
69:
63:
3728:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 208.
3483:
3446:
2881:Counterterrorism and International Power Relations
2793:
2475:
1764:
806:(From the Glorious Revolution to the start of the
2973:, (London: Routledge), pp. 122–125, 131–132, 324.
2925:"Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful"
1349:takes a broader view of history. The research of
1226:used the idea of hegemony to talk about politics
3511:Ouellette, Laurie; Gray, Jonathan, eds. (2017).
1309:defined hegemony as a political relationship of
364:fights and overthrows the hegemon of his world.
2349:The Politics of International Political Economy
1861:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1956, p 32.
1802:Bullock, Alan; Trombley, Stephen, eds. (1999).
1108:
475:(c. 770–480 BC), when the weakened rule of the
346:, Kish established the hegemony yet before the
5747:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
3432:, James Nicholas Publishers, 2006, pp. 202–03.
2512:, Peter Lang, 2009, p. 14. (Author's italics).
1891:, Rowman & Littlefield, 1994, p. 1 – "The
1097:. Most notably, American political scientists
757:Spanish dominance of the European battlefields
636:From the 7th century to the 12th century, the
526:was able to bring all kings under his power."
190:over other states, either regional or global.
30:"Hegemon" redirects here. For other uses, see
6172:
5690:
3797:
3044:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2616:, (New York: Edwin Mellen Press), p 275-276,
2574:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 276–277.
2298:"Italian Trade Cities | Western Civilization"
2056:Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration
1947:, Hong Kong: Columbia University Press, 1962.
1734:
1732:
669:From the 11th to the late 15th centuries the
620:in the very beginning of his reign in 30 BC.
204:over other city-states. In the 19th century,
8:
4303:
3013:U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation
2286:, Manchester University Press, 2005, p. 193.
1804:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
1581:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1230:a given society. He developed the theory of
479:dynasty led to the relative autonomy of the
404:in 337 BC (a kingship he willed to his son,
4239:
3609:Hegemony: Studies in Consensus and Coercion
3453:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.
3161:Deutsch, Karl W.; Singer, J. David (1964).
2699:Danner, Lukas K.; Martín, Félix E. (2019).
2042:, New York: Arno Press, 1975, pp. 114, 160.
1713:. Dictionary.com, LLC. 2014. Archived from
792:France 1643 to 1763 (From the accession of
6179:
6165:
6157:
5731:
5697:
5683:
5675:
4367:
3804:
3790:
3782:
2207:, "The development of Roman imperialism,"
1646:Mearsheimer, John J. (2001). "Chapter 2".
854:and concomitant dominance of world trade.
5762:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3358:
3070:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
2741:"The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database"
2716:
2527:, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, pp. 46–51.
2346:Jayman. J., in Vassilis K. Fouskas, VK.,
2322:F. Dewitt Platt, Roy T. Matthews (1998).
2116:, (Oxford University Press, 1986), 7:543.
1797:
1795:
1347:English school of international relations
3743:) is being considered for deletion. See
2854:(2nd ed.). London: Verso. pp.
2846:Laclau, Ernest; Mouffe, Chantal (2001).
2430:, Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 258.
884:(as of 1910). At its height, it was the
875:
699:
487:in Chinese ). The term is translated as
460:– 330 BC) pioneered the use of the term
5767:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
5387:Reflections on the Revolution in France
3551:The H-Word: The Peripeteia of Hegemony.
3490:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1638:
1268:beneficial solely to the ruling class.
1219:In the early 20th century, the Italian
1010:, as well as geopolitical, between the
239:in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In
1683:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.509
1671:Schenoni, Luis L. (2019). "Hegemony".
1365:focusing on the role of hegemonies is
1271:From the Gramsci analysis derived the
1157:in its global hegemony in the future.
1135:The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire
3653:Larsen, Henrik Boesen Lindbo (2019).
3092:Vogel, Ezra (1986). "Pax Nipponica."
2918:
2916:
2743:. Milexdata.sipri.org. Archived from
2705:Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies
2550:
2548:
2040:The Client Princes under the Republic
1909:: Economic Dialogues in Ancient China
1506:Adopted from the work of Gramsci and
1238:(including social class) and how the
7:
3589:Understanding Cultural Globalization
2903:Norrloff, Carla (2019). "Hegemony,"
1785:participating institution membership
773:, which marks the foundation of the
514:emerged victorious from war and its
255:The League of Corinth hegemony: the
5497:The End of History and the Last Man
5407:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3689:Schenoni, Luis (2019). "Hegemony".
3218:"The Stability of a Unipolar World"
3148:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
2557:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
2186:Sands, 1975, pp. 10–11, 46, 49, 54.
1711:Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
1648:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
396:(6th to 4th centuries BC) and King
5840:International relations since 1989
5830:Diplomatic history of World War II
5752:International Criminal Court (ICC)
3402:, Walter de Gruyter, 2009, p. 264.
2825:. London: MacMillan. p. 142.
2482:. New York: Basic Books. pp.
2195:Sands, 1975, pp. 127–128, 152–155.
1984:Cambridge Ancient History of China
1433:Academics have argued that in the
1279:; thus, the historical example of
1178:countries account for over 70% of
739:Portugal's dominance in navigation
25:
6136:International political sociology
3747:to help reach a consensus. ›
3125:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 170–171.
2134:, (London: Loeb, 1961), 14:2; 83.
2058:, London: Routledge, 1993, p. 32.
787:Dutch control of credit and money
785:'s arrival in England). Based on
503:. The hegemons were appointed by
5467:The Open Society and Its Enemies
3580:10.1111/j.1468-2303.2005.00345.x
3122:Theory of International Politics
3068:War and Change in World Politics
2559:. W.W. Norton. pp. 40, 138.
2446:. Diane Publishing. p. 30.
1520:
1295:(1799–1804). Contemporarily, in
1040:against and alongside each other
564:2nd century BC – 15th century AD
150:
109:
59:
6187:Autonomous types of first-tier
6131:International political economy
4274:Family as a model for the state
3384:Imperialism and Postcolonialism
3055:International Studies Quarterly
2850:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
2660:. London; New York: Routledge.
2634:, Lexington Books, 2004, p. 82.
2352:, Routledge, 2014, pp. 119–120.
2284:Charlemagne: Empire and Society
1298:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
1075:dissolution of the Soviet Union
6590:International relations theory
5624:Separation of church and state
5522:Collectivism and individualism
5477:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3277:. Cambridge University Press.
3216:Wohlforth, William C. (1999).
3150:. W.W. Norton. pp. 44–45.
2823:Dictionary of Historical Terms
2474:Hitchens, Christopher (2002).
1941:Records of the Grand Historian
1650:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1396:Scholars differ as to whether
912:and large portions of Africa.
908:. Britain also controlled the
580:at its greatest extent, 117 AD
1:
5664:Category:Political philosophy
5537:Critique of political economy
3606:Howson, Richard, ed. (2008).
3557:Beyer, Anna Cornelia (2010).
3417:, A&C Black, 2008, p. 14.
2879:Beyer, Anna Cornelia (2010).
2800:. Boston: Allen & Unwin.
2542:, Peter Lang, 2009, pp. 9–11.
2150:, (London: Loeb, 1961), 1:11.
1889:Hegemony and Greek Historians
1490:, the 19th- and 20th-century
998:. The hegemonic conflict was
454:
443:
432:
425:
6099:Related fields and subfields
5562:Institutional discrimination
5557:History of political thought
4289:Negative and positive rights
3636:Hegemony: A Realist Analysis
3591:. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
3119:Waltz, Kenneth Neal (1979).
2239:, 2009, p. 32, referring to
2013:Sima Qian, 4:167, 5:208–224.
767:The Netherlands 1580 to 1688
712:, King of Spain and Portugal
548:The first anti-hegemonic or
305:
293:
5572:Justification for the state
5357:Two Treatises of Government
3040:Keohane, Robert O. (1984).
2570:Nye, Joseph S. Sr. (1993).
2382:"Spain under the Habsburgs"
1470:, specifically the imposed
1419:International Monetary Fund
1180:global military expenditure
1068:Central American Civil Wars
501:Emperor of All under Heaven
277:(1513 or earlier) from the
6616:
6141:Peace and conflict studies
5757:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
4242:Bellum omnium contra omnes
3693:. Oxford University Press.
3514:Keywords for Media Studies
3387:, Routledge, 2014, p. 123.
3146:Mearsheimer, John (2001).
3081:International Organization
2997:International Organization
2984:International Organization
2923:Monteiro, Nuno P. (2012).
2555:Mearsheimer, John (2001).
2440:Newland, Samuel J (2005).
2241:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1575:Hegemonic stability theory
1367:hegemonic stability theory
1275:denotation of hegemony as
1164:
1150:peaceful transfer of power
1014:countries (1955–1991) and
529:The century preceding the
299:
284:
283:
29:
6271:List of federal countries
5712:
5659:
3634:Joseph, Jonathan (2002).
3341:Martha Finnemore (2009).
2600:Routledge & CRC Press
2415:, Routledge, 2007, p. 76.
2302:courses.lumenlearning.com
1843:Oxford English Dictionary
1772:Oxford English Dictionary
1741:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1398:bipolarity or unipolarity
808:French Revolutionary Wars
558:conquests and annexations
531:Qin's wars of unification
497:chief of the feudal lords
408:). Likewise, the role of
358:anti-hegemonic resistance
332:The political pattern of
219:, either by an internal,
5447:The Revolt of the Masses
3745:templates for discussion
3549:Anderson, Perry (2017).
3015:. New York: Basic Books.
2682:"Forbes Yanz Hong Huang"
2255:The History of al-Tabari
2209:Journal of Roman Studies
1216:(direct foreign rule).
735:Spanish-Portuguese Union
473:Spring and Autumn period
267:From the post-classical
32:Hegemon (disambiguation)
6116:Foreign policy analysis
5928:International community
5706:International relations
5427:The Communist Manifesto
4353:Tyranny of the majority
4264:Consent of the governed
3725:Encyclopædia Britannica
3711:Encyclopædia Britannica
3482:Schoultz, Lars (1999).
3271:Norrlof, Carla (2010).
3234:10.1162/016228899560031
3066:Gilpin, Robert (1981).
3011:Gilpin, Robert (1975).
2883:. London: I.B. Tauris.
2612:Max Ostrovsky, (2018).
2394:Encyclopædia Britannica
2378:Encyclopædia Britannica
2362:Encyclopædia Britannica
2267:Encyclopædia Britannica
1921:Encyclopædia Britannica
1871:Encyclopædia Britannica
1859:History Begins in Sumer
1789:(Definitions 2a and 2b)
1777:Oxford University Press
1484:French colonial empires
1363:International Relations
1358:from other countries.
1335:International Relations
1329:International relations
747:(From the accession of
464:in the modern sense of
412:within the short-lived
400:was the hegemon of the
259:(362 BC) (red) and the
241:International Relations
6221:Corporative federalism
6216:Cooperative federalism
4304:
4254:Clash of civilizations
4240:
3680:. Routledge. pp.
3300:International Security
3222:International Security
3107:International Security
2969:Watson, Adam, (1992).
2929:International Security
2792:Holsti, K. J. (1985).
1361:A prominent theory in
1201:
1183:
1113:
1090:
1030:) and indirectly (via
996:"Empire by invitation"
949:
922:
889:
837:
771:1579 Treaty of Utrecht
753:Treaty of the Pyrenees
713:
651:In 7th century India,
582:
328:30th–27th centuries BC
272:
264:
51:
46:under the hegemony of
6206:Asymmetric federalism
4269:Divine right of kings
2905:Oxford Bibliographies
2220:Lintott, 1993, p. 35.
2091:Bibliotheca historica
1570:Hegemonic masculinity
1250:that established the
1189:
1174:
1088:
1052:Arab–Israeli conflict
985:U.N. Security Council
943:
917:
879:
729:(From the end of the
727:Portugal 1494 to 1580
723:
703:
571:
493:lord of the covenants
254:
42:
6266:Symmetric federalism
6106:Comparative politics
5417:Democracy in America
4796:political philosophy
4779:political philosophy
4594:political philosophy
4423:political philosophy
4333:Separation of powers
4294:Night-watchman state
4279:Monopoly on violence
3813:Political philosophy
3767:on 14 September 2014
3759:Mike Dorsher, Ph.D.
3612:. Psychology Press.
3561:. London: IB Tauris.
3523:10.2307/j.ctt1gk08zz
3312:10.1162/isec.23.3.43
2986:39 (4): pp. 580–614.
2941:10.1162/ISEC_a_00064
2821:Cook, Chris (1983).
2656:Zhiqun, Zhu (2006).
2177:Lintott, 1993, p 32.
2038:Perry Cooper Sands,
1439:cultural imperialism
958:spheres of influence
830:to the start of the
824:Britain 1815 to 1914
804:Britain 1688 to 1792
398:Philip II of Macedon
394:Peloponnesian League
368:8th–3rd centuries BC
257:Kingdom of Macedonia
237:European colonialism
225:installed government
221:sponsored government
6506:Territorial dispute
6486:Military occupation
6400:Dependent territory
6362:Supranational union
6337:Multinational state
5888:Collective security
5772:United Nations (UN)
5607:Right-wing politics
5487:A Theory of Justice
5457:The Road to Serfdom
5377:The Social Contract
4084:Christian democracy
3750:Hegemonism Hegemony
3587:Hopper, P. (2007).
3429:Rethinking Hegemony
2326:. Mayfield Pub Co.
2211:, 71: (1981), p. 2.
2114:Cosmos and Imperium
1965:Sima Qian, 1:87–88.
1775:(Online ed.).
1443:sphere of influence
1221:Marxist philosopher
930:Joshua S. Goldstein
910:Indian subcontinent
902:British possessions
779:Glorious Revolution
696:16th–19th centuries
690:Early modern period
406:Alexander the Great
340:. According to the
323:Historical examples
223:or by an external,
217:sphere of influence
6564:Tribal sovereignty
6310:Composite monarchy
5619:Political violence
5614:Political theology
5597:Left-wing politics
5592:Political spectrum
3568:History and Theory
2506:Hilderbrandt, R.,
2478:Why Orwell Matters
2004:Ostrovsky, p. 257.
1855:Samuel Noah Kramer
1717:on 3 February 2014
1401:scholars, such as
1375:Stephen D. Krasner
1289:Napoleon Bonaparte
1202:
1184:
1091:
950:
890:
871:Continental Europe
828:Congress of Vienna
796:to the end of the
749:Charles I of Spain
745:Spain 1516 to 1659
714:
674:maritime republics
583:
343:Sumerian King List
265:
52:
6572:
6571:
6367:Continental union
6261:Fiscal federalism
6231:Ethnic federalism
6154:
6153:
6126:International law
5995:Right of conquest
5960:National interest
5903:Deterrence theory
5801:
5800:
5788:League of Nations
5672:
5671:
5582:Philosophy of law
5527:Conflict theories
5367:The Spirit of Law
5274:
5273:
4323:Original position
3619:978-0-415-95544-7
3598:978-0-7456-3557-6
3532:978-1-4798-1747-4
3360:10.1353/wp.0.0027
3284:978-1-139-48680-4
3132:978-0-07-554852-2
2890:978-1-84511-892-1
2536:Hildebrandt, R.,
1995:Sima Qian, 5:208.
1974:Sima Qian, 6:279.
1956:Sima Qian, 6:282.
1886:Wickersham, JM.,
1783:(Subscription or
1657:978-0-393-34927-6
1602:Regional hegemony
1592:Monetary hegemony
1560:Dominant ideology
1555:Cultural hegemony
1321:within political
1273:political science
1266:social constructs
1252:social structures
1234:, an analysis of
1232:cultural hegemony
1199:cultural hegemony
1193:(1891–1937), the
1167:Cultural hegemony
1161:Political science
1064:Angolan Civil War
1048:Laotian Civil War
861:(1638–1715) and (
818:Napoleonic France
814:French Revolution
783:William of Orange
642:Abbasid Caliphate
638:Umayyad Caliphate
616:– was annexed by
614:Ptolemaic Kingdom
418:Achaemenid Empire
402:League of Corinth
353:Epic of Gilgamesh
261:Corinthian League
235:established with
16:(Redirected from
6607:
6549:Stateless nation
6534:Decentralization
6385:Associated state
6246:Federal republic
6241:Federal monarchy
6181:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6146:Security studies
5938:Internationality
5933:Internationalism
5732:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5676:
5587:Political ethics
5577:Machiavellianism
5517:Authoritarianism
5502:
5492:
5482:
5472:
5462:
5452:
5442:
5432:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5392:
5382:
5372:
5362:
5352:
5342:
5332:
5322:
5312:
5302:
5292:
4368:
4309:
4245:
4235:Balance of power
4209:Social democracy
4204:Social Darwinism
4179:Multiculturalism
4124:Environmentalism
4099:Communitarianism
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3763:. Archived from
3729:
3721:
3719:"Hegemony"
3694:
3685:
3679:
3668:
3649:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3602:
3583:
3562:
3537:
3536:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3452:
3443:Kissinger, Henry
3439:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3409:
3403:
3394:
3388:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3116:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3096:64 (4): 752–767.
3090:
3084:
3083:39 (4): 580–614.
3077:
3071:
3064:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3029:
3028:28 (3): 317–347.
3022:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2999:44 (4): 431–477.
2993:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2920:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2853:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2773:on 28 March 2010
2769:. Archived from
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2747:on 28 March 2010
2737:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2718:10.1002/app5.273
2696:
2690:
2689:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2481:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2385:
2375:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2294:
2288:
2279:
2273:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2135:
2123:
2117:
2101:
2095:
2086:Diodorus Siculus
2083:
2077:
2065:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1884:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1643:
1537:1954 Guatemalan
1530:
1525:
1524:
1423:Martha Finnemore
1333:In the field of
1293:French Consulate
1254:to impose their
1144:In 2006, author
1117:French Socialist
1099:John Mearsheimer
1036:balance of power
977:Second World War
857:In France, King
798:Seven Years' War
755:). Based on the
686:Age of Discovery
676:, in particular
648:paying tribute.
646:Byzantine Empire
575:
459:
456:
448:
445:
437:
434:
430:
427:
318:
315:
312:
308:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
288:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
149:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
108:
100:
99:
98:
97:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
21:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6527:Autonomous area
6510:
6454:
6445:Tributary state
6435:Satellite state
6373:
6347:Political union
6330:Colonial empire
6298:
6275:
6251:Federated state
6226:Dual federalism
6192:
6185:
6155:
6150:
6094:
6085:Postcolonialism
6046:
5975:Non-state actor
5970:Non-belligerent
5965:Neutral country
5950:Interventionism
5883:Co-belligerence
5844:
5797:
5776:
5721:
5708:
5703:
5673:
5668:
5655:
5644:Totalitarianism
5505:
5500:
5490:
5480:
5470:
5460:
5450:
5440:
5430:
5420:
5410:
5400:
5390:
5380:
5370:
5360:
5350:
5340:
5330:
5320:
5317:Treatise on Law
5310:
5300:
5290:
5270:
4928:
4922:
4661:
4655:
4541:
4535:
4454:
4357:
4343:State of nature
4338:Social contract
4318:Ordered liberty
4306:Noblesse oblige
4223:
4057:
3986:
3815:
3810:
3770:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3716:
3702:
3697:
3688:
3671:
3665:
3652:
3646:
3633:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3586:
3565:
3556:
3553:London: Verso.
3545:
3543:Further reading
3540:
3533:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3425:
3421:
3410:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3380:
3376:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3179:10.2307/2009578
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3094:Foreign Affairs
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3010:
3003:
2994:
2990:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2964:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2535:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2372:
2360:
2356:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2247:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2158:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2124:
2120:
2102:
2098:
2084:
2080:
2066:
2062:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:, 1999, p. 633.
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1885:
1881:
1869:
1865:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1782:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1528:Politics portal
1526:
1519:
1516:
1504:
1496:unified Germany
1488:British Empires
1431:
1407:J. David Singer
1331:
1224:Antonio Gramsci
1191:Antonio Gramsci
1169:
1163:
1083:
938:
926:George Modelski
820:(1789 to 1815).
708:in 1598, under
698:
610:Pontus in 64 BC
587:Seleucid Empire
581:
573:
566:
457:
446:
435:
428:
370:
356:, is a case of
330:
325:
316:
313:
310:
249:
211:In theories of
153:
144:
143:
112:
103:
102:
94:
93:
92:
62:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6613:
6611:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6595:Marxist theory
6592:
6587:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6342:Personal union
6339:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6322:
6320:Dynastic union
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6294:Regional state
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:administration
6186:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6161:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6065:English school
6062:
6060:Constructivism
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6030:Non-aggression
6027:
6022:
6017:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5679:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5634:Social justice
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5542:Egalitarianism
5539:
5534:
5532:Contractualism
5529:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5493:
5483:
5473:
5463:
5453:
5443:
5433:
5423:
5413:
5403:
5393:
5383:
5373:
5363:
5353:
5343:
5333:
5323:
5313:
5303:
5293:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:Overton window
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Libertarianism
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3756:
3732:
3730:
3714:
3701:
3700:External links
3698:
3696:
3695:
3686:
3669:
3664:978-1138585287
3663:
3650:
3644:
3631:
3618:
3603:
3597:
3584:
3574:(4): 113–131.
3563:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3503:
3496:
3474:
3463:
3434:
3419:
3404:
3389:
3374:
3347:World Politics
3333:
3290:
3283:
3263:
3208:
3173:(3): 390–406.
3167:World Politics
3153:
3138:
3131:
3111:
3109:36 (1): 41–72.
3098:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3030:
3026:World Politics
3017:
3001:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2912:
2896:
2889:
2871:
2864:
2858:–59, 125–144.
2838:
2831:
2813:
2806:
2784:
2758:
2732:
2711:(2): 186–207.
2691:
2686:www.forbes.com
2673:
2666:
2648:
2636:
2621:
2605:
2587:
2580:
2562:
2544:
2529:
2514:
2499:
2492:
2466:
2453:978-1428916487
2452:
2432:
2417:
2402:
2386:
2370:
2354:
2339:
2332:
2314:
2289:
2274:
2259:
2245:
2229:Parchami, A.,
2222:
2213:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2152:
2136:
2131:Jogurthine War
2118:
2096:
2078:
2060:
2052:Andrew Lintott
2044:
2031:
2027:Complete Works
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1929:
1913:
1898:
1879:
1863:
1847:
1835:
1819:
1812:
1791:
1756:
1749:
1728:
1698:
1692:978-0190846626
1691:
1663:
1656:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:State collapse
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Media hegemony
1584:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1515:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1430:
1427:
1415:John Ikenberry
1379:Robert Keohane
1330:
1327:
1307:Chantal Mouffe
1303:Ernesto Laclau
1257:Weltanschauung
1236:economic class
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1131:Edward Luttwak
1121:Hubert Védrine
1082:
1079:
1073:Following the
937:
934:
898:Queen Victoria
894:British Empire
886:largest empire
882:British Empire
836:
835:
821:
811:
801:
790:
775:Dutch Republic
764:
742:
697:
694:
608:in 148 BC and
572:
565:
562:
489:lord protector
449:– 354 BC) and
447: 431 BC
429: 484 BC
378:5th century BC
369:
366:
329:
326:
324:
321:
248:
245:
195:Ancient Greece
44:Ancient Greece
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6612:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:Indirect rule
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6315:Dual monarchy
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6281:Unitary state
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6211:Confederation
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6190:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5727:Organizations
5724:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5700:
5695:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:Jurisprudence
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5397:Rights of Man
5394:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5307:De re publica
5304:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4927:20th and 21st
4925:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:18th and 19th
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4516:Nizam al-Mulk
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Republicanism
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:. Routledge.
3656:
3651:
3647:
3645:0-415-26836-2
3641:
3638:. Routledge.
3637:
3632:
3621:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3517:. NYU Press.
3516:
3515:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3497:9780674922761
3493:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3464:0-671-65991-X
3460:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3426:Clayton, T.,
3423:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2865:1-85984-330-1
2861:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2832:0-333-44972-X
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2807:0-04-327077-8
2803:
2798:
2797:
2788:
2785:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2667:0-415-70208-9
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2581:0-06-500720-4
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2524:Proxy Warfare
2521:Mumford, A.,
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2493:0-465-03049-1
2489:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2403:
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2226:
2223:
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2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2192:
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2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2160:Julius Caesar
2156:
2153:
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2145:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2073:Roman History
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1945:Burton Watson
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1813:0-00-255871-8
1809:
1805:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:0-231-08098-0
1746:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
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1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Post-hegemony
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
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1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1502:Media studies
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1472:lingua franca
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:bureaucracies
1450:
1449:
1448:lingua franca
1444:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:Robert Gilpin
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Robert Gilpin
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:German Empire
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
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1229:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1158:
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1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
981:global powers
978:
973:
971:
967:
964:and Japan in
963:
962:Latin America
959:
955:
947:
942:
935:
933:
931:
927:
921:
916:
913:
911:
907:
906:Caribbean Sea
903:
899:
895:
887:
883:
878:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
848:
843:
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833:
829:
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799:
795:
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784:
780:
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765:
762:
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750:
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740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
724:
722:
719:
711:
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706:Iberian Union
702:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
672:
667:
666:and Germany.
665:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
627:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
601:
597:
595:
590:
588:
579:
570:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:perpendicular
546:
544:
540:
539:perpendicular
536:
532:
527:
525:
524:First Emperor
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Five Hegemons
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
458: 400 BC
452:
441:
436: 425 BC
423:
419:
415:
414:Delian League
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
365:
363:
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196:
191:
189:
183:
147:
139:
106:
96:
89:
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49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6554:Subsidiarity
6538:
6450:Vassal state
6430:Puppet state
6425:Protectorate
6390:Client state
6025:Multilateral
5955:Isolationism
5917:
5908:Expansionism
5648:
5547:Elite theory
5495:
5485:
5475:
5465:
5455:
5445:
5435:
5425:
5415:
5405:
5395:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5355:
5345:
5335:
5325:
5315:
5305:
5295:
5285:
4584:Guicciardini
4540:Early modern
4363:Philosophers
4313:Open society
4249:Body politic
4119:Distributism
4109:Conservatism
4104:Confucianism
4023:Gerontocracy
4013:Dictatorship
3967:Sovereignty
3957:Ruling class
3861:
3847:Emancipation
3832:Citizenship
3779:
3769:. Retrieved
3765:the original
3738:
3723:
3709:
3690:
3675:
3654:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3608:
3588:
3571:
3567:
3558:
3550:
3513:
3506:
3485:
3477:
3468:
3448:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3413:
3407:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3377:
3353:(1): 58–85.
3350:
3346:
3336:
3306:(3): 43–78.
3303:
3299:
3293:
3273:
3266:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3057:25: 242–254.
3054:
3049:
3041:
3025:
3020:
3012:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2932:
2928:
2904:
2899:
2880:
2874:
2849:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2795:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:the original
2735:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2628:Reid, JIM.,
2624:
2613:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2538:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2477:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2442:
2435:
2426:
2424:Porter, A.,
2420:
2411:
2405:
2393:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2366:"Phillip IV"
2361:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2323:
2317:
2307:29 September
2305:. Retrieved
2301:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2231:
2225:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2089:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1827:Snyder, Jack
1822:
1803:
1770:
1759:
1740:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1710:
1701:
1673:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1579:
1565:David Harvey
1545:Noam Chomsky
1538:
1505:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1446:
1432:
1411:
1403:Karl Deutsch
1395:
1387:
1383:
1360:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1319:articulation
1296:
1276:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1248:social norms
1240:ruling class
1227:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1195:theoretician
1143:
1134:
1125:
1114:
1109:
1092:
1081:21st century
1072:
1039:
989:
974:
970:Nazi Germany
960:, the US in
954:Great Powers
951:
936:20th century
923:
918:
914:
891:
856:
852:stock market
847:mercantilist
844:
838:
737:). Based on
731:Italian Wars
717:
715:
668:
657:
650:
635:
630:
624:
622:
602:
598:
593:
591:
584:
578:Roman Empire
549:
547:
542:
538:
534:
528:
509:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:Eastern Zhou
470:
465:
461:
389:
371:
351:
341:
338:King of Kish
331:
266:
233:Great Powers
228:
210:
205:
198:
192:
54:
53:
50:, 371–362 BC
36:
6481:Irredentism
6459:Development
6440:Trusteeship
6405:Direct rule
6378:Subordinacy
6189:subdivision
6121:Geopolitics
6000:Sovereignty
5980:Imperialism
5893:Colonialism
5878:Appeasement
5793:Warsaw Pact
5421:(1835–1840)
5301:(c. 350 BC)
5291:(c. 375 BC)
4908:Tocqueville
4873:Saint-Simon
4838:Montesquieu
4689:Bolingbroke
4621:Machiavelli
4501:Ibn Khaldun
4466:Alpharabius
4459:Middle Ages
4284:Natural law
4259:Common good
4184:Nationalism
4144:Imperialism
4114:Corporatism
4089:Colonialism
4069:Agrarianism
4048:Technocracy
4028:Meritocracy
4008:Bureaucracy
3998:Aristocracy
3733:‹ The
3625:24 February
3228:(1): 5–41.
2935:(3): 9–40.
2459:24 February
2409:Black, J.,
2252:al-Tabari,
2165:Gallic Wars
2068:Cassius Dio
1627:Supremacism
1612:Edward Soja
1550:Colonialism
1539:coup d'état
1508:Stuart Hall
1351:Adam Watson
1214:imperialism
1129:strategist
1119:politician
1056:Vietnam War
1012:Warsaw Pact
1000:ideological
888:in history.
880:Map of the
660:Charlemagne
560:in 221 BC.
510:In 364 BC,
227:. The term
213:imperialism
6579:Categories
6559:Suzerainty
6501:Separatism
6476:Detachment
6466:Annexation
6357:Superstate
6352:Real union
6289:Devolution
6256:Federation
6198:Federalism
6075:Liberalism
6020:Friendship
6005:Suzerainty
5629:Separatism
5437:On Liberty
5337:The Prince
5066:Huntington
4569:Campanella
4496:al-Ghazali
4445:Thucydides
4403:Lactantius
4348:Statolatry
4174:Monarchism
4154:Liberalism
4079:Capitalism
4062:Ideologies
4043:Plutocracy
3991:Government
3947:Revolution
3932:Propaganda
3882:Legitimacy
3857:Government
3411:Mayr, A.,
3381:Bush, B.,
2333:1559349441
2281:Story, J.
2205:John North
1787:required.)
1766:"hegemony"
1721:1 February
1707:"Hegemony"
1634:References
1622:Superpower
1607:Soft power
1461:status quo
1277:leadership
1262:status quo
1210:hegemonism
1146:Zhu Zhiqun
1139:Washington
1103:Joseph Nye
1066:, and the
1060:Afghan War
1044:Korean War
1032:proxy wars
1008:capitalism
1002:, between
975:After the
920:hegemony."
840:Phillip IV
826:(From the
769:(From the
640:and later
631:Pax Romana
626:Pax Romana
535:horizontal
382:city-state
229:hegemonism
202:city-state
6544:Home rule
6496:Secession
6491:Partition
6111:Diplomacy
6015:Bilateral
5913:Grey-zone
5866:Coalition
5825:1919–1939
5820:1814–1919
5815:1648–1814
5347:Leviathan
5327:Monarchia
5321:(c. 1274)
5156:Oakeshott
5101:Mansfield
5096:Luxemburg
5081:Kropotkin
4976:Bernstein
4929:centuries
4843:Nietzsche
4786:Jefferson
4714:Condorcet
4662:centuries
4641:Pufendorf
4506:Marsilius
4393:Confucius
4378:Aristotle
4371:Antiquity
4299:Noble lie
4219:Third Way
4214:Socialism
4139:Feudalism
4094:Communism
4074:Anarchism
4053:Theocracy
4038:Oligarchy
4018:Democracy
4003:Autocracy
3917:Pluralism
3902:Obedience
3867:Hierarchy
3827:Authority
3449:Diplomacy
3369:1086-3338
3242:0162-2889
3187:0043-8871
2949:0162-2889
2777:22 August
2751:22 August
2727:2050-2680
2237:Routledge
2148:Histories
2025:,1:5–12.
1939:, 4:160.
1937:Sima Qian
1893:hēgemonia
1429:Sociology
1323:discourse
1291:upon the
1028:arms race
1004:communism
966:East Asia
859:Louis XIV
832:Great War
794:Louis XIV
777:, to the
761:New World
721:hegemony:
710:Philip II
606:Macedonia
516:Duke Xian
462:hēgemonía
422:Herodotus
376:world of
362:Gilgamesh
294:hēgemonía
274:hēgemonia
247:Etymology
18:Hegemonic
6585:Hegemony
6539:Hegemony
6522:Autonomy
6515:See also
6410:Dominion
6236:Federacy
6070:Feminism
5923:Idealism
5918:Hegemony
5871:Military
5856:Alliance
5849:Concepts
5835:Cold War
5717:Glossary
5602:Centrism
5297:Politics
5287:Republic
5256:Voegelin
5236:Spengler
5221:Shariati
5196:Rothbard
5151:Nussbaum
5051:Habermas
5026:Fukuyama
5016:Foucault
4941:Ambedkar
4918:Voltaire
4888:de Staël
4863:Rousseau
4744:Franklin
4719:Constant
4679:Beccaria
4511:Muhammad
4491:Gelasius
4476:Averroes
4450:Xenophon
4430:Polybius
4383:Chanakya
4228:Concepts
4194:Populism
4164:Localism
4149:Islamism
4134:Feminism
4033:Monarchy
3937:Property
3927:Progress
3892:Monopoly
3862:Hegemony
3735:template
3706:Hegemony
3445:(1994).
3328:57566810
3258:57568539
3203:53540403
2957:57558611
2271:"Harsha"
1514:See also
1468:language
1315:imperial
1301:(1985),
1206:hegemony
1127:Pentagon
1095:Cold War
992:Cold War
946:Cold War
867:Napoleon
688:and the
664:Burgundy
618:Augustus
543:vertical
466:hegemony
440:Xenophon
388:was the
286:ἡγεμονία
263:(yellow)
206:hegemony
55:Hegemony
6600:Empires
6471:Cession
6420:Mandate
6090:Realism
6080:Marxism
5943:Liberal
5861:Entente
5807:History
5735:Present
5639:Statism
5552:Elitism
5510:Related
5311:(51 BC)
5241:Strauss
5216:Scruton
5211:Schmitt
5201:Russell
5121:Michels
5116:Maurras
5111:Marcuse
5071:Kautsky
5041:Gramsci
5036:Gentile
5006:Dworkin
4996:Du Bois
4991:Dmowski
4986:Chomsky
4981:Burnham
4966:Benoist
4936:Agamben
4903:Thoreau
4893:Stirner
4883:Spencer
4828:Mazzini
4818:Maistre
4813:Madison
4808:Le Play
4739:Fourier
4704:Carlyle
4684:Bentham
4674:Bastiat
4669:Bakunin
4646:Spinoza
4636:Müntzer
4606:Leibniz
4579:Grotius
4559:Bossuet
4526:Plethon
4471:Aquinas
4440:Sun Tzu
4408:Mencius
4398:Han Fei
4169:Marxism
4129:Fascism
3962:Society
3887:Liberty
3872:Justice
3852:Freedom
3737:below (
3708:at the
3320:2539338
3250:2539346
3195:2009578
2144:Sallust
2126:Sallust
2023:Han Fei
1480:Spanish
1459:of the
1339:Britain
1281:Prussia
1244:consent
863:Emperor
751:to the
671:Italian
594:foedera
451:Ephorus
392:of the
390:hegemon
372:In the
306:hēgemṓn
199:hegemon
6395:Colony
6325:Empire
6303:Unions
6052:Theory
6010:Treaty
5898:Crisis
5501:(1992)
5491:(1971)
5481:(1951)
5471:(1945)
5461:(1944)
5451:(1929)
5441:(1859)
5431:(1848)
5411:(1820)
5401:(1791)
5391:(1790)
5381:(1762)
5371:(1748)
5361:(1689)
5351:(1651)
5341:(1532)
5331:(1313)
5261:Walzer
5251:Taylor
5206:Sartre
5171:Popper
5166:Pareto
5161:Ortega
5146:Nozick
5136:Mouffe
5086:Laclau
5046:Guénon
5031:Gandhi
4971:Berlin
4961:Bauman
4956:Badiou
4946:Arendt
4913:Tucker
4803:Le Bon
4764:Herder
4754:Haller
4749:Godwin
4734:Fichte
4729:Engels
4724:Cortés
4694:Bonald
4651:Suárez
4626:Milton
4616:Luther
4589:Hobbes
4574:Filmer
4564:Calvin
4549:Boétie
4542:period
4521:Ockham
4388:Cicero
4189:Nazism
3977:Utopia
3952:Rights
3942:Regime
3912:People
3897:Nation
3754:Curlie
3740:Curlie
3661:
3642:
3616:
3595:
3529:
3494:
3461:
3455:137–38
3367:
3326:
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