64:
4606:
4594:
4618:
42:
4582:
1267:. This was a historical breakthrough into the biology of hedylids. In this study, Kendall commented notably "I thought the larvae might represent a satyr species, but when the first larva pupated I was sure it was a pierid. The first adult emerged as a complete surprise. The pupa...is secured by girdle and cremaster, not unlike a pierid".
2025:
435:
analyses shows that skippers are true butterflies and therefore within the clade
Papilionoidea, whereas the hedylids are a sister group that may be closely related to the obtectomeran moths. This is contrary to some earlier studies that had shown both the skippers and hedylids as being nested within
973:
that would help them evade bats at night. They have been shown to exhibit typical moth evasive behaviour towards bats such as erratic spiralling movements and dives. The resting posture is often at a curious angle, with the thorax tilted and the posterior edge of the hindwings nearly touching the
2029:
403:: Oenochrominae, the "Hedylicae". Prout considered they might even merit treatment as their own family. Scoble first considered them to be a hitherto unrecognised group of butterflies and also suggested Hedylidae might possibly constitute the
415:+ Papilionoidea). Weintraub and Miller argued against this placement (but see). In 1995, Weller and Pashley found that molecular data did indeed place Hedylidae with the butterflies and a more comprehensive study in 2005 based on 57 exemplar
1458:
and can defoliate saplings; the biology of this species has been studied and illustrated in some detail. The larva of this species lives about 15 days in 5 instars, the pupal stage lasts about 7 days and the adult lives about 10 days.
439:
Since there are no obvious gaps between supposed species groups, according to basic morphological structure, Scoble (1986) synonymised the five pre-existing genera of
Hedylidae (33 of which had been
2712:
1983:
2558:
2529:
2305:
714:" with "secondary line of weakness" near median "notal" wing process, as in some representatives of Papilionidea and Hesperioidea (potentially unique butterfly character;
2667:
4756:
2407:
Beccaloni, G.W. (1997). Ecology, natural history and behaviour of ithomiine butterflies and their mimics in
Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae).
2250:
Ackery, P.R., de Jong, R and Vane-Wright, R.I. (1999). The
Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidae. Pp. 263-300 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.).
2513:
2050:
4730:
2707:
2340:
1987:
2702:
2555:
2329:
2692:
2590:
2544:
2526:
2309:
2742:
690:
686:
2233:
de Jong, R., Vane_Wright, R.I. and Ackery, P.R. 1996. The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): problems and prospects.
982:
of the leaf and often skeletonise leaves or at either side produce an untidy patchwork of holes. The elegant pupa is attached by a
2697:
374:, and not a sister group, and are more accurately referred to as butterflies rather than moths. They are represented by a single
2089:
697:
species where there is no functional wing coupling system. The retinaculum is always lost in females, and the frenulum may be
4559:
2488:
2064:
1779:"Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers"
4572:
962:
845:
745:
2682:
4802:
4691:
4554:
2449:
Rydell, J., Kaerma, S., Hedelin, H. and Skals, N. (2004). Evasive response to ultrasound by the crepuscular butterfly
2376:
Biodiversity
Assessment of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru: Cashiriari-3 Well Site and the Camisea and Urubamba Rivers
2270:
Scoble, M.J., Aiello, A. (1990). Moth-like butterflies (Hedylidae: Lepidoptera): a summary, with comments on the egg.
2254:. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Volume IV/Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
2120:
Scoble, M.J. (1990a). A catalogue of the
Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea), with descriptions of two new species.
63:
4761:
2735:
2662:
1391:
1384:
1367:
1360:
1334:
1327:
1303:
1296:
1290:
661:
610:
1828:"Elusive ditrysian phylogeny: An account of combining systematized morphology with molecular data (Lepidoptera)"
1650:
Weintraub JD, Miller JS (1987). "The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of butterflies".
1275:. More life histories are now known. From these data, known host plants span a wide range of (according to the
2604:
2556:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20conifera/00-SRNP-15830_DHJ55789_f.jpg
2545:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20tipulata/05-SRNP-31301_DHJ404036.jpg
2527:
http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Hedylidae/Macrosoma%20cascaria/04-SRNP-56084_DHJ402166.jpg
1130:
679:). Unlike other butterflies, however (except the unique case of the remarkable Australian skipper butterfly
464:
4634:
1450:
1200:
1151:
1137:
1088:
795:
4131:
1214:
1193:
1186:
1172:
1144:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1025:
531:: Oribatidae). To add to this potential confusion in lists of names, there exist two junior homonyms of
440:
2629:
Scoble, M.J. (1986). The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies.
2438:
2390:
Kendall, R.O., (1976). Larval foodplants and life history notes for eight moths from Texas and Mexico.
4696:
1593:
Scoble MJ (1986). "The structure and affinities of the
Hedyloidea: a new concept of the butterflies".
733:"furca" resembling a blunt arrowhead; this a variable but potentially unique character in butterflies;
4717:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2728:
2677:
2424:
1839:
1743:
1242:
1158:
1123:
1102:
1018:
1011:
594:
424:
2615:
4147:
3922:
3914:
1235:
1221:
1207:
1081:
1039:
1032:
838:"crochet" hooks not forming a complete circle, unlike configuration in hesperiids and papilionoids;
791:
butterflies, with the mid and hindlegs used for perching, but apparently redeveloped in hesperiids;
681:
4797:
1716:
1667:
1228:
1179:
1165:
1060:
1053:
966:
711:
228:
186:
58:
2287:
Scoble, M.J., 1992. Guía de las
Mariposas Hedílidas de Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Hedylidae). In:
2205:
Minet, J. (1991). Tentative reconstruction of the ditrysian phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Glossata).
937:, but occasionally some species can be found flying by day. Thus, they may be involved in some
4769:
4704:
4598:
3492:
2507:
2044:
1965:
1916:
1867:
1808:
1759:
1708:
1546:
1528:
1109:
1067:
1046:
657:
653:
649:
468:
50:
2687:
808:) and Pieridae, but not in other Papilionoidea except one species (and also independently in
4774:
4473:
3964:
3523:
2672:
1955:
1947:
1906:
1898:
1857:
1847:
1798:
1790:
1751:
1698:
1659:
1536:
1520:
1004:
777:
344:
4605:
4042:
3718:
3595:
3471:
3463:
3429:
3403:
3395:
3062:
3033:
3027:
3018:
2829:
2823:
2811:
2562:
2533:
2188:
Scoble, M.J. (1990b). An identification guide to the Hedylidae (Lepidoptera: Hedyloidea).
1319:
1313:
1299:
540:
396:
4672:
192:
169:
1843:
1826:
Heikkilä, Maria; Mutanen, Marko; Wahlberg, Niklas; Sihvonen, Pasi; Kaila, Lauri (2015).
1747:
4622:
4610:
4586:
4263:
4050:
3728:
3653:
3619:
3577:
3502:
3487:
3130:
1960:
1935:
1911:
1886:
1862:
1827:
1803:
1778:
1703:
1686:
1663:
1541:
1508:
1472:
1342:
1283:
958:
672:
1887:"Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies"
573:
The eggs of hedylid moths have an upright configuration and are variable in shape: in
4791:
4491:
4416:
4324:
4271:
4250:
4242:
4113:
3993:
3985:
3705:
3587:
3582:
3572:
3351:
3343:
3330:
3322:
3293:
3254:
3122:
3067:
3054:
3045:
2970:
2962:
2953:
2915:
2909:
2897:
2378:. SI/MAB Series #2. Smithsonian Institution/MAB Biodiversity Program, Washington, DC.
2093:
1671:
1488:
1476:
1347:
1337:
1276:
970:
890:
882:
857:
784:
774:
613:
520:
408:
371:
367:
363:
138:
1720:
1612:
Prout LB (1910). "Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Geometridae, Subfam. Oenochrominae".
723:
with horizontal chamber, as in other butterflies (not Papilionidae), but as also in
701:. The family have been fully catalogued and illustrated in an identification guide.
4709:
4593:
4510:
4478:
4460:
4408:
4340:
4300:
4100:
4092:
4058:
3943:
3935:
3756:
3746:
3733:
3687:
3679:
3666:
3658:
3645:
3603:
3564:
3554:
3531:
3510:
3479:
3442:
3434:
3421:
3301:
3249:
2795:
1936:"Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths"
1509:"Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths"
1480:
1330:
894:
633:
617:
544:
504:
412:
404:
359:
356:
216:
178:
2492:
2470:
Yack, J.E. and Fullard, J.H. (1999). Ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies.
2068:
2657:
974:
substrate (Scoble, 1986). The larvae which lack the prominent horns in the first
4743:
4666:
4468:
4426:
4350:
4345:
4316:
4284:
4179:
4120:
3956:
3880:
3872:
3859:
3851:
3822:
3772:
3697:
3611:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3518:
3309:
3244:
3172:
3151:
3143:
3093:
2872:
2866:
2854:
2752:
2140:
Lourido, G., Silva, N.M., Motta, C.S. 2007. Biological Parameters and Damage by
1440:
1435:
1375:
942:
849:
809:
805:
668:
664:
629:
625:
602:
586:
400:
375:
348:
128:
115:
41:
4657:
4617:
819:
Caterpillar with horn-like processes and a "bifid" tail as in many Nymphalidae;
4534:
4442:
4434:
4387:
4371:
4358:
4332:
4308:
4292:
4213:
4200:
4192:
4171:
4163:
4079:
4071:
4014:
4006:
3972:
3830:
3764:
3751:
3723:
3710:
3632:
3259:
3201:
3106:
2720:
2652:
1852:
1363:
853:
768:
730:
717:
598:
558:
549:
512:
2573:
Janz, N. and Nylin, S. (1998). Butterflies and Plants: A Phylogenetic Study.
1532:
4486:
4392:
4229:
4221:
3814:
3801:
3785:
3637:
3627:
3413:
3280:
3272:
3228:
3114:
2783:
2771:
1430:
1421:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1387:
1352:
995:
983:
910:
788:
698:
432:
431:
as sister to the ("Papilionoidea" + Hesperioidea). However, the most recent
95:
75:
1969:
1951:
1920:
1902:
1871:
1812:
1794:
1755:
1712:
1550:
1524:
4683:
1763:
1734:
Weller SJ, Pashley DP (September 1995). "In search of butterfly origins".
901:(where there are a full 26 species, up to 12 at a single site: to central
577:
they are particularly narrow and spindle-shaped, resembling those of some
17:
4651:
4379:
4155:
3901:
3893:
3838:
3793:
3450:
3368:
3236:
3101:
3084:
2937:
2789:
2647:
1416:
1380:
1370:
1293:
922:
724:
606:
578:
496:
4581:
1463:
and many other species can be found as adults through most of the year.
4400:
4032:
4024:
3741:
2144:
Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hedylidae), in Cupuaçu tree in Amazonas, Brazil.
1400:
1307:
918:
902:
829:
528:
488:
480:
4748:
561:
worm). The sea slug family name "Hedylidae Bergh, 1895" (type species
4450:
2777:
2765:
1885:
Heikkila, M.; Kaila, L.; Mutanen, M.; Pena, C.; Wahlberg, N. (2011).
1455:
1357:
1324:
1272:
1264:
979:
975:
906:
886:
835:
794:
Egg upright, spindle-shaped and ribbed as in some Pieridae (e.g. the
764:
741:
645:
621:
105:
85:
4735:
4628:
2374:
Grados, J. (1998). Pp 119-120 in Alonso, A. and F. Dallmeier (eds).
848:
around the 1st abdominal segment, like in Pieridae (as also in some
798:
butterfly), some other butterflies, and as in some moth groups also;
2631:
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series
1287:
1280:
938:
832:
823:
813:
801:
720:
675:
at the base of the abdomen, but have them on the wings (see under
590:
420:
2168:. The Natural History Museum and Oxford University Press, London.
2007:
Hammer, M. (1979). Investigations on the oribatid fauna of Java.
949:). A few species are white and resemble pierid butterflies (e.g.
934:
914:
898:
869:
lost, as in papilionoids, and a few other groups of Lepidoptera;
866:
863:
841:
416:
4632:
2934:
2894:
2851:
2808:
2724:
872:"Temporal cleavage line" lost in the pupa (as in papilionoids).
1448:
attacks an economically important local fruit tree "Cupuaçu" (
856:(in which the girdle is around the abdomen), but lost in many
4722:
1777:
Wahlberg N, Braby MF, Brower AV, et al. (August 2005).
4174:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
986:
and silken girdle and sometimes resembles a bird dropping.
685:, whose males possess these structures), the single-spined
4395:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
760:
Abdomen curved (especially in males), as in papilionoids;
4382:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
2668:
LepIndex list of species and genera in family Hedylidae
2648:
Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths of the ACG
1940:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1891:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1513:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
804:
with "anal comb", as in some Hesperioidea (not however
767:
segment is strongly "pouched" (Scoble 1986; as also in
1507:
Kawahara, Akito Y.; Breinholt, Jesse W. (2014-08-07).
4570:
4641:
4503:
4459:
4425:
4370:
4283:
4262:
4241:
4212:
4191:
4112:
4091:
4070:
4041:
4023:
4005:
3984:
3955:
3934:
3913:
3892:
3871:
3850:
3813:
3784:
3696:
3678:
3563:
3501:
3462:
3412:
3394:
3367:
3342:
3321:
3292:
3271:
3227:
3200:
3171:
3142:
3092:
3083:
3053:
3044:
3026:
3017:
2992:
2983:
2961:
2952:
2908:
2865:
2822:
3833:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
693:are not lost or reduced in males, except in three
370:analysis has suggested Hedylidae is a subgroup of
2353:Sinopsis de los Hedylidae (Lepidoptera) del Perú.
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
757:Male genitalia relatively "deep" dorso-ventrally;
751:"Postspiracular bar" on first abdominal segment;
1687:"Hedylidae: a response to Weintraub and Miller"
754:Female genitalic "anterior apophyses" reduced;
2736:
2166:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
1631:Prout LB (1931). "The American Geometridae".
8:
2386:
2384:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2136:
2134:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
1479:genes "cytochrome oxidase I", and "ND1" and
355:. They have traditionally been viewed as an
2708:Larva of unidentified species 03-SRNP-21689
2370:
2368:
2289:Guía de Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2160:
2158:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
748:"1A+2A", unlike the configuration in moths;
705:Butterfly-like characteristics of Hedylidae
4629:
4182:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
3391:
3387:
3224:
3197:
3089:
3050:
3023:
2989:
2958:
2949:
2945:
2931:
2905:
2891:
2862:
2848:
2819:
2805:
2743:
2729:
2721:
2703:Larva of unidentified species 79-SRNP-362c
1934:Kawahara, A. Y.; Breinholt, J. W. (2014).
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
644:". Unlike other butterflies, however, the
585:they are more barrel-shaped, like certain
451:. However, a phylogenetic analysis of all
40:
31:
1959:
1910:
1861:
1851:
1802:
1702:
1540:
994:This list of species is largely based on
787:lost, thus fused into two elements as in
605:moths. They share many morphological and
4361:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
1259:was originally described from plants of
343:, the "American moth-butterflies", is a
4577:
4158:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
1499:
1271:was later also reared on this plant in
957:, it has been found that hedylids have
667:, in which they had been placed by the
4274:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
2512:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2505:
2392:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
2090:"Nomenclator Zoologicus Record Detail"
2049:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2042:
384:with 35 currently recognized species.
1736:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2678:Unknown white hedylid from Nicaragua
744:base lying partly under the base of
208:
1595:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol
1487:. Some species are currently being
565:Bergh, 1895) is thus also invalid.
3796:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
3713:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
2252:Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies
2009:K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Skr.
1783:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1704:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00470.x
1664:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1987.tb00512.x
1483:"Wingless" and "Ef-1?", including
1444:). The "green lizard caterpillar"
812:), that is used for propulsion of
25:
3117:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
2351:Lamas, G. and Grados, J. (1998).
1633:The Macrolepidoptera of the World
624:is very long and slim, like many
495:Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
780:joining "marginopleural" sulcus;
671:expert L.B.Prout, hedylids lack
547:; currently placed in the genus
427:characters, recovered the genus
223:35 currently recognised species
62:
3133:(African primitive ghost moths)
969:to the "Vogel's organ" in some
844:affixed to the substrate via a
628:butterflies of the subfamilies
351:, representing the superfamily
27:Family of moth-like butterflies
3437:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
2341:Image of 1st abdominal segment
2330:Image of 1st abdominal segment
935:attracted to artificial lights
676:
609:characteristics with both the
153:Guenée, 1857, nec. Bergh, 1895
1:
4335:(Kentish glory and relatives)
3154:(New Zealand primitive moths)
2693:Barcoding progress and images
2356:Revista Peruviana Entomologia
569:Morphology and identification
395:were previously treated as a
362:of the butterfly superfamily
4481:(oriental swallowtail moths)
3759:(planthopper parasite moths)
822:Caterpillar with "secondary
519:Lioy 1864 or 1865 (Diptera:
4555:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
4142:(American moth-butterflies)
4103:(Old World butterfly-moths)
4082:(picture-winged leaf moths)
2832:(mandibulate archaic moths)
2698:Leptree sequencing progress
2065:"Subclass: Opisthobranchia"
1685:Scoble, Malcolm J. (1988).
852:, especially the subfamily
407:of the "true" butterflies (
4819:
4053:(tropical fruitworm moths)
3590:(case-bearers, case moths)
3354:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
3109:(swift moths, ghost moths)
2616:DNA Barcodes for Macrosoma
2272:Journal of Natural History
816:away from the caterpillar;
601:. Adult hedylids resemble
4550:
4531:
4303:(American silkworm moths)
4134:(swallowtail butterflies)
3804:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
3513:(false diamondback moths)
3424:(burrowing webworm moths)
3390:
2948:
2944:
2930:
2904:
2890:
2861:
2847:
2818:
2804:
2760:
2713:Nicaraguan hostplants of
2235:Entomologica Scandinavica
2207:Entomologica Scandinavica
2190:Entomologica Scandinavica
2122:Entomologica Scandinavica
1853:10.1186/s12862-015-0520-0
945:(e.g. the female only of
455:species is still needed.
234:
227:
222:
215:
205:
200:
184:
177:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
4295:(Australian lappet moth)
3304:(pigmy, or midget moths)
1832:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1471:A few species have been
636:, hence the name of one
447:) into the single genus
388:Taxonomy and systematics
347:of insects in the order
283:Phellinodes satellitiata
268:Phellinodes satellitiata
3125:(miniature ghost moths)
1251:Biology and host plants
1131:Macrosoma leucophasiata
965:for hearing apparently
953:). Based on a study of
475:(Hübner, 1818) exist, (
465:zoological nomenclature
4504:Superfamily unassigned
3925:(bristle-legged moths)
3474:(ribbed cocoon makers)
3283:(Andean endemic moths)
3239:(fairy longhorn moths)
2295:: v, 30 pp, + 61 figs.
2146:Neotropical Entomology
1952:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970
1903:10.1098/rspb.2011.1430
1795:10.1098/rspb.2005.3124
1756:10.1006/mpev.1995.1022
1525:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970
1451:Theobroma grandiflorum
1286:plants, including the
1257:Macrosoma heliconiaria
1201:Macrosoma satellitiata
1152:Macrosoma minutipuncta
1138:Macrosoma leucoplethes
1089:Macrosoma heliconiaria
955:Macrosoma heliconiaria
328:Lasiopates hyacinthina
4411:(prominents, kittens)
3946:(fringe-tufted moths)
3002:Acanthopteroctetidae
2994:Acanthopteroctetoidea
2306:"Image of bifid tail"
2164:Scoble, M.J. (1995).
1215:Macrosoma stabilinota
1194:Macrosoma rubedinaria
1187:Macrosoma pectinogyna
1173:Macrosoma nigrimacula
1145:Macrosoma lucivittata
1117:Macrosoma lamellifera
1096:Macrosoma hyacinthina
1075:Macrosoma costilunata
1026:Macrosoma albipannosa
947:Macrosoma lucivittata
913:, they also occur in
581:, and in the case of
3923:Schreckensteiniidae
3915:Schreckensteinioidea
3904:(false burnet moths)
3775:(slug, or cup moths)
3333:(Gondwanaland moths)
3312:(white eyecap moths)
3070:(archaic bell moths)
2605:Nucleotide sequences
2409:Tropical Lepidoptera
1379:) and more commonly
1255:The life history of
1243:Macrosoma ustrinaria
1159:Macrosoma muscerdata
1124:Macrosoma leptosiata
1103:Macrosoma intermedia
1019:Macrosoma albimacula
1012:Macrosoma albifascia
978:tend to rest on the
543:, "Acochlidioidea",
4253:(sack bearer moths)
3975:(false plume moths)
3967:(many-plumed moths)
3825:(little bear moths)
3767:(slug caterpillars)
3622:(long-horned moths)
3606:(grass-miner moths)
3004:(archaic sun moths)
2715:Macrosoma semiermis
2683:Hedylidae of Guyana
2455:Naturwissenschaften
2425:A white species of
1897:(1731): 1093–1099.
1844:2015BMCEE..15..260H
1748:1995MolPE...4..235W
1485:Macrosoma semiermis
1236:Macrosoma uniformis
1222:Macrosoma subornata
1208:Macrosoma semiermis
1082:Macrosoma hedylaria
1040:Macrosoma amaculata
1033:Macrosoma albistria
885:south from central
881:Hedylidae range in
682:Euschemon rafflesia
593:resemble (probably
553:Thiele, 1931), and
459:Nomenclatural notes
436:the Papilionoidea.
411:), rather than of (
253:Hedyle heliconiaria
4803:Butterfly families
2593:Macrosoma tipulata
2561:2007-04-11 at the
2532:2007-04-11 at the
2451:Manataria maculata
2142:Macrosoma tipulata
1946:(1788): 20140970.
1519:(1788): 20140970.
1446:Macrosoma tipulata
1426:Byttneria aculeata
1269:Macrosoma cascaria
1261:Byttneria aculeata
1229:Macrosoma tipulata
1180:Macrosoma paularia
1166:Macrosoma napiaria
1061:Macrosoma conifera
1054:Macrosoma cascaria
951:Macrosoma napiaria
826:", as in Pieridae;
467:, numerous junior
313:Hedyle rubedinaria
298:Macrosoma tipulata
187:Macrosoma tipulata
4785:
4784:
4770:Open Tree of Life
4635:Taxon identifiers
4568:
4567:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4495:
4482:
4446:
4438:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4383:
4362:
4354:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4275:
4254:
4233:
4225:
4204:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4125:
4104:
4083:
4062:
4061:(fruitworm moths)
4054:
3997:
3976:
3968:
3947:
3926:
3905:
3884:
3863:
3862:(metalmark moths)
3842:
3841:(clearwing moths)
3834:
3826:
3805:
3797:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3737:
3714:
3670:
3662:
3649:
3648:(concealer moths)
3641:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3550:
3527:
3524:Glyphipterigidae
3514:
3493:Roeslerstammiidae
3483:
3475:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3425:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3334:
3313:
3305:
3284:
3263:
3240:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3040:
3039:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2979:
2978:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2910:Heterobathmioidea
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2833:
1789:(1572): 1577–86.
1614:Genera Insectorum
1110:Macrosoma klagesi
1068:Macrosoma coscoja
1047:Macrosoma bahiata
905:and southwestern
785:Foreleg pretarsus
575:Macrosoma inermis
557:Malmgren 1865 (a
338:
337:
332:
325:
317:
310:
302:
295:
287:
280:
272:
265:
257:
250:
242:
173:
154:
51:Macrosoma bahiata
16:(Redirected from
4810:
4778:
4777:
4765:
4764:
4752:
4751:
4739:
4738:
4726:
4725:
4713:
4712:
4700:
4699:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4630:
4621:
4620:
4609:
4608:
4597:
4596:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4494:(geometer moths)
4493:
4480:
4474:Pseudobistonidae
4444:
4436:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4381:
4360:
4352:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4273:
4252:
4231:
4223:
4202:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4124:
4117:
4102:
4081:
4060:
4052:
3995:
3974:
3966:
3945:
3924:
3903:
3882:
3861:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3803:
3795:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3735:
3712:
3668:
3660:
3647:
3639:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3596:Cosmopterigidae
3589:
3548:
3525:
3512:
3481:
3473:
3472:Bucculatricidae
3452:
3444:
3436:
3423:
3392:
3388:
3353:
3332:
3311:
3303:
3282:
3261:
3238:
3225:
3198:
3153:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3090:
3069:
3051:
3024:
3003:
2990:
2959:
2950:
2946:
2932:
2916:Heterobathmiidae
2906:
2892:
2874:
2863:
2849:
2831:
2830:Micropterigidae
2824:Micropterigoidea
2820:
2806:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2722:
2688:Moths of Jamaica
2663:Kendall 1976 pdf
2618:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2553:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2491:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2439:Organ of hearing
2436:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2388:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2308:. Archived from
2302:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2268:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2231:
2214:
2203:
2197:
2186:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2138:
2129:
2118:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2092:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2067:. Archived from
2061:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2028:. Archived from
2022:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1986:. Archived from
1980:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1504:
1495:Cited literature
1005:Macrosoma albida
763:Abdominal first
330:
323:
315:
308:
300:
293:
285:
278:
270:
263:
255:
248:
240:
168:
152:
67:
66:
44:
32:
21:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4773:
4768:
4760:
4755:
4747:
4742:
4734:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4708:
4703:
4695:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4637:
4627:
4615:
4603:
4591:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4564:
4560:Lists by region
4538:
4537:is not a clade.
4533:Note: division
4515:
4499:
4455:
4421:
4366:
4327:(Dryandra moth)
4319:(Brahmin moths)
4279:
4258:
4237:
4208:
4187:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4087:
4066:
4051:Copromorphidae
4043:Copromorphoidea
4037:
4019:
4001:
3980:
3951:
3930:
3909:
3888:
3883:(tortrix moths)
3867:
3846:
3809:
3780:
3736:(flannel moths)
3719:Himantopteridae
3692:
3674:
3620:Lecithoceridae
3614:(twirler moths)
3559:
3497:
3482:(Douglas moths)
3464:Gracillarioidea
3458:
3445:(bagworm moths)
3430:Arrhenophanidae
3408:
3396:Simaethistoidea
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3338:
3317:
3288:
3267:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3152:Mnesarchaeidae
3144:Mnesarchaeoidea
3138:
3131:Prototheoridae
3075:
3063:Aenigmatineidae
3036:
3028:Lophocoronoidea
3009:
2975:
2940:
2918:
2900:
2898:Heterobathmiina
2878:
2873:Agathiphagidae
2867:Agathiphagoidea
2857:
2835:
2814:
2800:
2756:
2749:
2673:Moths of Belize
2644:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2585:
2572:
2568:
2563:Wayback Machine
2554:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2534:Wayback Machine
2525:
2521:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2489:"Archived copy"
2487:
2486:
2482:
2469:
2465:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2419:
2406:
2402:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2366:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2282:
2269:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2232:
2217:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2139:
2132:
2119:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2026:"Archived copy"
2024:
2023:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1558:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1469:
1300:Melastomataceae
1253:
1248:
992:
990:List of species
959:tympanic organs
941:complexes with
931:
879:
707:
673:tympanic organs
571:
541:Opisthobranchia
461:
390:
326:, type species
311:, type species
296:, type species
281:, type species
266:, type species
251:, type species
209:List of species
196:
190:
167:
151:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4766:
4753:
4740:
4727:
4714:
4701:
4688:
4678:
4663:
4647:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4601:
4589:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4489:
4484:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4440:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4398:
4390:
4385:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:Lasiocampidae
4268:
4266:
4264:Lasiocampoidea
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4247:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4227:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4128:
4126:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4007:Whalleyanoidea
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:Pterophoridae
3990:
3988:
3986:Pterophoroidea
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:Megalopygidae
3731:
3729:Somabrachyidae
3726:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3669:(timber moths)
3664:
3661:(flower moths)
3656:
3654:Pterolonchidae
3651:
3643:
3640:(mompha moths)
3635:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3598:(cosmet moths)
3593:
3588:Coleophoridae
3585:
3580:
3578:Batrachedridae
3575:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3549:(ermine moths)
3547:Yponomeutidae
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3503:Yponomeutoidea
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3488:Gracillariidae
3485:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3453:(fungus moths)
3448:
3440:
3432:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3404:Simaethistidae
3400:
3398:
3385:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:Palaephatidae
3327:
3325:
3323:Palaephatoidea
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3307:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3222:
3195:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3123:Palaeosetidae
3120:
3112:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:Neopseustidae
3065:
3059:
3057:
3055:Neopseustoidea
3048:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:Lophocoronidae
3032:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2963:Eriocranioidea
2956:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2642:External links
2640:
2639:
2638:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2597:
2583:
2566:
2548:
2537:
2519:
2480:
2463:
2442:
2431:
2417:
2400:
2380:
2364:
2344:
2333:
2322:
2297:
2280:
2256:
2243:
2215:
2198:
2170:
2154:
2130:
2106:
2081:
2056:
2017:
2000:
1975:
1926:
1877:
1818:
1769:
1726:
1677:
1658:(3): 299–304.
1642:
1623:
1604:
1556:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1468:
1465:
1422:Byttnerioideae
1284:dicotyledonous
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1000:
991:
988:
930:
927:
897:from southern
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
861:
839:
827:
820:
817:
799:
792:
781:
772:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
734:
728:
715:
706:
703:
570:
567:
535:Guenée, 1857:
487:de Haan 1826 (
479:Leach 1819 (a
460:
457:
389:
386:
336:
335:
334:
333:
318:
303:
288:
273:
258:
243:
232:
231:
225:
224:
220:
219:
213:
212:
203:
202:
198:
197:
191:
182:
181:
175:
174:
160:
156:
155:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4815:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4536:
4530:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4479:Epicopeiidae
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4417:Oenosandridae
4415:
4413:
4409:Notodontidae
4407:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:Apatelodidae
4299:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4251:Mimallonidae
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4243:Mimallonoidea
4240:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4224:(snout moths)
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4132:Papilionidae
4130:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4115:
4114:Papilionoidea
4111:
4105:
4101:Callidulidae
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4093:Calliduloidea
4090:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4059:Carposinidae
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4015:Whalleyanidae
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3996:(plume moths)
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3944:Epermeniidae
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:Epermenioidea
3933:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3802:Dudgeoneidae
3800:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:Epipyropidae
3755:
3753:
3752:Cyclotornidae
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3706:Heterogynidae
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3680:Galacticoidea
3677:
3671:
3667:Xyloryctidae
3665:
3663:
3659:Scythrididae
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3646:Oecophoridae
3644:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3633:Metachandidae
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:Elachistidae
3602:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3583:Blastobasidae
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:Autostichidae
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3526:(sedge moths)
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3511:Acrolepiidae
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3480:Douglasiidae
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3435:Eriocottidae
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3422:Acrolophidae
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3366:
3356:
3352:Tischeriidae
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3344:Tischerioidea
3341:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:Nepticulidae
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3294:Nepticuloidea
3291:
3285:
3281:Andesianidae
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3273:Andesianoidea
3270:
3264:
3262:(yucca moths)
3258:
3256:
3255:Incurvariidae
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3170:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:Neotheoridae
3113:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Lophocoronina
3016:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Acanthoctesia
2982:
2972:
2971:Eriocraniidae
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2889:
2877:
2875:(kauri moths)
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2581:(2): 486-502.
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2495:on 2007-09-28
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2415:(2): 103-124.
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2398:(4): 264-271.
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2312:on 2007-04-11
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2278:(1): 159-164.
2277:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2096:on 2007-10-07
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2071:on 2007-03-31
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2032:on 2016-03-03
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1990:on 2011-07-20
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:(3): 235–46.
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:nuclear genes
1478:
1477:mitochondrial
1474:
1467:DNA sequences
1466:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:Malpighiaceae
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:Euphorbiaceae
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:APG II system
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
989:
987:
985:
981:
977:
972:
971:Papilionoidea
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
933:Hedylids are
928:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:South America
888:
884:
883:North America
876:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:Papilionoidea
855:
851:
847:
846:silken girdle
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
709:
708:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
663:
660:. Unlike the
659:
655:
652:, but rather
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Papilionoidea
612:
611:superfamilies
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
564:
563:Hedyle weberi
560:
556:
552:
551:
546:
542:
539:Bergh, 1895 (
538:
534:
530:
527:Hammer 1979 (
526:
522:
521:Sarcophagidae
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:Brandt 1835 (
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
434:
430:
426:
425:morphological
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Papilionoidea
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
385:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:Papilionoidea
369:
366:, but a 2014
365:
364:Papilionoidea
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
329:
322:
319:
314:
307:
304:
299:
292:
289:
284:
277:
274:
269:
262:
259:
254:
247:
244:
239:
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
221:
218:
214:
211:
210:
204:
199:
194:
189:
188:
183:
180:
176:
171:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:Papilionoidea
137:
135:Superfamily:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4642:
4511:Millieriidae
4492:Geometridae
4461:Geometroidea
4445:(gold moths)
4403:(tuft moths)
4353:(saturniids)
4351:Saturniidae
4341:Eupterotidae
4325:Carthaeidae
4317:Brahmaeidae
4311:(silk moths)
4232:(grass moth)
4203:(teak moths)
4180:Nymphalidae
4166:(metalmarks)
4148:Hesperiidae
4139:
3881:Tortricidae
3873:Tortricoidea
3860:Choreutidae
3852:Choreutoidea
3823:Brachodidae
3773:Limacodidae
3747:Anomoeotidae
3688:Galacticidae
3612:Gelechiidae
3565:Gelechioidea
3555:Ypsolophidae
3532:Heliodinidae
3310:Opostegidae
3250:Heliozelidae
3102:Anomosetidae
3046:Neopseustina
2796:Holometabola
2794:Superorder:
2788:Infraclass:
2714:
2634:
2630:
2611:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2569:
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2540:
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2493:the original
2483:
2475:
2471:
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2325:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:the original
2300:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2165:
2152:(1):102-106.
2149:
2145:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2084:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2059:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
2020:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1988:the original
1978:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1484:
1470:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1396:Bombacoideae
1374:
1351:
1341:
1331:Malpighiales
1318:
1312:
1306:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
998:characters.
993:
954:
950:
946:
932:
893:through the
880:
877:Distribution
806:Megathyminae
738:median plate
737:
731:Metathoracic
718:Mesothoracic
694:
680:
642:heliconiaria
641:
637:
634:Heliconiinae
618:Hesperioidea
595:convergently
582:
574:
572:
562:
554:
548:
545:Hedylopsidae
536:
532:
524:
516:
508:
505:Coelenterata
500:
492:
484:
476:
472:
462:
452:
448:
444:
438:
433:phylogenetic
428:
413:Hesperioidea
405:sister group
392:
391:
380:
379:
368:phylogenetic
360:sister group
352:
340:
339:
331:Warren, 1905
327:
324:Warren, 1905
320:
316:Walker, 1862
312:
309:Warren, 1894
305:
301:Hübner, 1818
297:
294:Walker, 1862
290:
286:Guenée, 1857
282:
279:Guenée, 1857
275:
271:Guenée, 1857
267:
264:Guenée, 1857
260:
256:Guenée, 1857
252:
249:Guenée, 1857
245:
241:Hübner, 1808
237:
206:
185:
179:Type species
163:
162:
148:
122:
49:
29:
4744:iNaturalist
4667:Wikispecies
4469:Sematuridae
4443:Cimeliidae
4437:(hook-tips)
4435:Drepanidae
4427:Drepanoidea
4359:Sphingidae
4346:Phiditiidae
4333:Endromidae
4309:Bombycidae
4293:Anthelidae
4285:Bombycoidea
4201:Hyblaeidae
4193:Hyblaeoidea
4172:Lycaenidae
4164:Riodinidae
4121:butterflies
4080:Thyrididae
4072:Thyridoidea
3973:Tineodidae
3965:Alucitidae
3957:Alucitoidea
3831:Castniidae
3765:Dalceridae
3711:Zygaenidae
3698:Zygaenoidea
3542:Plutellidae
3537:Lyonetiidae
3519:Bedelliidae
3260:Prodoxidae
3245:Cecidosidae
3107:Hepialidae
3094:Hepialoidea
2812:Zeugloptera
2753:Lepidoptera
2461:(2): 80-83.
1697:(1): 93–6.
1461:M. tipulata
1436:Grewioideae
1376:Zanthoxylum
850:Geometridae
810:Tortricidae
769:Thyatirinae
691:retinaculum
665:Geometridae
658:bipectinate
626:Neotropical
597:) those of
587:Nymphalidae
583:M. tipulata
511:Hope 1837 (
445:Phellinodes
401:Geometridae
376:Neotropical
349:Lepidoptera
261:Phellinodes
129:Obtectomera
116:Lepidoptera
4792:Categories
4599:Arthropods
4535:Monotrysia
4393:Noctuidae
4388:Euteliidae
4372:Noctuoidea
4230:Crambidae
4222:Pyralidae
4214:Pyraloidea
4150:(skippers)
4140:Hedylidae
3724:Lacturidae
3638:Momphidae
3443:Psychidae
2954:Dacnonypha
2782:Subclass:
2772:Arthropoda
2637:: 251-286.
2499:2007-04-07
2478:: 265-266.
2362:: 107-109.
2316:2007-04-07
2196:: 121-158.
2128:: 113-119.
2100:2007-04-15
2075:2007-04-15
2036:2020-01-11
1994:2007-04-15
1984:"Synonymy"
1838:(1): 260.
1691:Cladistics
1652:Cladistics
1601:: 251–286.
1406:Malvoideae
1364:Sapindales
1358:eurosid II
1314:Conostegia
967:homologous
943:Ithomiinae
909:). In the
854:Sterrhinae
796:orange tip
775:"Precoxal"
712:Mesoscutum
630:Ithomiinae
599:Apaturinae
559:polychaete
550:Hedylopsis
513:Coleoptera
353:Hedyloidea
321:Lasiopates
291:Macrophila
96:Arthropoda
35:Hedylidae
18:Hedyloidea
4798:Hedylidae
4673:Hedylidae
4643:Hedylidae
4487:Uraniidae
4380:Erebidae
4156:Pieridae
3902:Urodidae
3894:Urodoidea
3839:Sesiidae
3815:Sesioidea
3794:Cossidae
3786:Cossoidea
3628:Lypusidae
3451:Tineidae
3414:Tineoidea
3237:Adelidae
3229:Adeloidea
2936:Suborder
2896:Suborder
2855:Aglossata
2853:Suborder
2810:Suborder
2784:Pterygota
2764:Kingdom:
2591:Image of
2575:Evolution
2427:Macrosoma
2241:: 65-102.
1672:221574665
1533:0962-8452
1473:sequenced
1431:Theobroma
1414:and also
1388:Malvaceae
1353:Byrsonima
1325:eurosid I
984:cremaster
963:forewings
961:on their
929:Behaviour
911:Caribbean
789:nymphalid
699:vestigial
695:Macrosoma
677:Behaviour
640:species "
638:Macrosoma
525:Macrosoma
517:Macrosoma
509:Macrosoma
501:Macrosoma
493:Macrosoma
485:Macrosoma
477:Macrosoma
473:Macrosoma
453:Macrosoma
449:Macrosoma
441:described
429:Macrosoma
393:Hedylidae
381:Macrosoma
341:Hedylidae
306:Hyphedyle
217:Diversity
164:Macrosoma
149:Hedylidae
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
4681:BioLib:
4658:Q1198829
4652:Wikidata
4401:Nolidae
4025:Immoidea
3085:Exoporia
2938:Glossata
2790:Neoptera
2770:Phylum:
2766:Animalia
2755:families
2559:Archived
2530:Archived
2508:cite web
2213:: 69-95.
2045:cite web
2015:(9): 34.
1970:24966318
1921:21920981
1872:26589618
1813:16048773
1721:85579049
1713:34933497
1639:: 1–144.
1620:: 1–119.
1551:24966318
1489:barcoded
1475:for the
1417:Hibiscus
1381:Malvales
1371:Rutaceae
1335:families
1294:Myrtales
996:phenetic
923:Trinidad
742:forewing
725:Cossidae
687:frenulum
669:geometer
654:filiform
646:antennae
616:and the
603:geometer
579:Pieridae
497:Muscidae
469:homonyms
419:, three
238:Epirrita
229:Synonyms
201:Species
145:Family:
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
4623:Biology
4611:Animals
4587:Insects
4573:Portals
4033:Immidae
3742:Aididae
2778:Insecta
2776:Class:
2751:Extant
2653:Hearing
2624:Sources
1961:4083801
1912:3267136
1863:4654798
1840:Bibcode
1804:1560179
1764:8845961
1744:Bibcode
1542:4083801
1401:Ochroma
1356:), the
1346:), and
1323:), the
1308:Miconia
939:mimicry
919:Jamaica
903:Bolivia
889:and in
830:Ventral
736:Second
650:clubbed
648:are un-
622:abdomen
607:genetic
529:Acarina
489:Odonata
481:reptile
423:and 99
276:Venodes
159:Genus:
112:Order:
106:Insecta
102:Class:
4775:256667
4749:325456
4684:507870
4451:Doidae
2472:Nature
1968:
1958:
1919:
1909:
1870:
1860:
1811:
1801:
1762:
1719:
1711:
1670:
1549:
1539:
1531:
1456:Brazil
1441:Luehea
1434:) and
1411:Hampea
1392:tribes
1385:family
1368:family
1361:orders
1343:Croton
1320:Ossaea
1317:, and
1304:genera
1297:family
1273:Panama
1265:Mexico
980:midrib
976:instar
921:, and
907:Brazil
895:Amazon
887:Mexico
867:cocoon
836:proleg
833:larval
778:sulcus
771:moths;
765:tergal
662:family
620:. The
591:larvae
589:. The
555:Hedyle
537:Hedyle
533:Hedyle
378:genus
357:extant
345:family
246:Hedyle
195:, 1818
193:Hübner
172:, 1818
170:Hübner
4762:40132
4710:62533
1717:S2CID
1668:S2CID
1454:) in
1328:order
1291:order
1288:rosid
1281:rosid
864:Pupal
824:setae
814:frass
802:Larva
783:Male
721:aorta
421:genes
397:tribe
123:Clade
4757:NCBI
4736:6951
4731:GBIF
4692:BOLD
2658:Ears
2514:link
2051:link
1966:PMID
1917:PMID
1868:PMID
1809:PMID
1760:PMID
1709:PMID
1547:PMID
1529:ISSN
915:Cuba
899:Peru
842:Pupa
746:vein
689:and
632:and
417:taxa
207:see
4723:831
4718:EoL
4705:CoL
4697:441
2476:403
1956:PMC
1948:doi
1944:281
1907:PMC
1899:doi
1895:279
1858:PMC
1848:doi
1799:PMC
1791:doi
1787:272
1752:doi
1699:doi
1660:doi
1618:104
1537:PMC
1521:doi
1517:281
1404:),
1263:in
740:of
656:or
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463:In
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399:of
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