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561:, hidden Soviet artillery began shelling the railway station. Pannwitz happened to be at a tank repair workshop on the edge of the town. Realising the danger, he co-opted the maintenance crews as drivers and gunners, and with six battle-worthy panzers attacked the Soviet batteries from the rear. The Soviet guns were destroyed with many casualties, with no losses to the German makeshift tank platoon who all received decorations.
733:, members of the Pannwitz family petitioned for a posthumous reversal of the 1946 conviction. The Military High Prosecutor in Moscow subsequently determined that Pannwitz was eligible for rehabilitation as a victim of Stalin-era repression. On 28 June 2001, however, rehabilitation was reversed in a ruling that disputed jurisdiction of the 1996 proceedings, and Pannwitz's conviction for military crimes was reinstated.
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not subject to repatriation to the Soviet Union. But on 26 May he was deprived of his command and placed under arrest by the
British Army while the forcible loading of the Cossacks into trucks began, and continued through the following days. Although many escaped from their camps following these
625:
By the end of the war, the SS took control of all foreign units within the German forces. The
Himmler file in the Imperial War Museum contains a record of a conversation which occurred on 26 August 1944 between Himmler, General von Pannwitz, and his Chief of Staff, Colonel H.-J. von Schultz. An
133:
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or
Cossack ranks. For the moment Pannwitz refused to enter the SS, arguing: “I have been in the army since I was fifteen. To leave it now would seem to me like desertion.” Himmler sought to place all Cossack fighting units under von Pannwitz's command. Thus in November 1944 most units were
682:
At the time still under
British authority Helmuth von Pannwitz was informed that he would not be turned over to the Soviets. He is said to have replied " I have been with them (the cossacks) since the beginning, the good and the bad, I will not abandon them now and will share their fate."
588:. Even for von Pannwitz these atrocities exceeded what he perceived as normal. Moreover, in his eyes they threatened discipline and military success. Therefore he issued an order dated 20 October 1943, according to which crimes of that kind would result in the death penalty.
591:
At the award ceremony in Berlin, when
Pannwitz received the "Oak Leaves" for his Knight's Cross on 15 January 1943, he told Hitler that the official Nazi policies which caused Slavs to be regarded as subhumans (Untermenschen) for strategic reasons were totally wrong.
626:
agreement was reached that the
Cossack division, soon to be the Cossack Corps, was placed under SS administration in terms of replacements and supplies. Both the German cadre and the Cossack troops were to retain their uniforms and their
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474:, Pannwitz fled again to Poland. After spending a year in Hungary, Pannwitz went to Poland in 1926, where he lived and worked as an administrator of farms, at the last in charge of the estates of Princess Radziwill in
1232:
Die
Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
1237:
The Knight's Cross
Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
584:. During punitive operations in Serbia and Croatia, the Cossack regiments under Pannwitz's command committed a number of atrocities against the civilian population including several mass rapes and routine
378:
the same day. He was rehabilitated by a military prosecutor in Moscow in April 1996. In June 2001, however, the reversal of the conviction of
Pannwitz was overturned and his conviction was reinstated.
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635:. By his own request von Pannwitz was discharged from the army on 10 February 1945 and entered the SS in the rank of SS-GruppenfĂĽhrer and lieutenant-general of the Waffen-SS the following day.
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actions, General v. Pannwitz and many of his German officers shared the uncertain fate of the
Cossacks, so these Germans surrendered with the Cossacks to Soviet authorities at
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663:, and tried to ensure that his men would remain in the custody of the Western Allies. By mid-May, however, it was obvious that the Cossacks would be handed over to the
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To the complete dismay of the British officers, he then made his way towards the Soviet officer in charge and surrendered, knowing full well what would befall him.
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Second Class in the same year (and, a year later, the First Class) for bravery in action. Immediately after the war he fought in the ranks of the Volunteer Corps (
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425:. Even before outbreak of World War I he was attracted by exhibitions of Cossack units that were organized in the neighboring towns of the Russian Empire.
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The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
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Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
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1285:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 1. Osnabrück: Biblio.
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402:), now part of Poland but directly on the German-Russian border of that time. His family was originally from the village of Pannwitz in
549:(colonel) a year later for successful military leadership, when he was in command of a battle group covering the southern flank in the
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On active service again in World War II, Pannwitz was awarded "bars" to his previous decorations and in September 1941 was awarded the
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when Austria became part of Germany, he was transferred to Austria and became detachment commander with the 11th Cavalry Regiment at
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Todesurteile sowjetischer Militärtribunale gegen Deutsche (1944 - 1947) : eine historisch-biographische Studie
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services with them, Pannwitz was very popular with his Cossack troops. Before the end of the war, he was elected
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Todesurteile sowjetischer Militärtribunale gegen Deutsche (1944–1947): Eine historisch-biographische Studie
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Thus, due to his honor and loyalty, the Cossacks anointed Helmuth von Pannwitz "the last knight of Europe"
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1315:. Klaus-Dieter Müller, Thomas Saarschmidt, Mike Schmeitzner. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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at the same time. World War II found him as the commander of the reconnaissance detachment of the
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When an amnesty was granted in 1931, Pannwitz returned to Germany. He became a StabsfĂĽhrer of the
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War diary 1st Cossack Division, National Archives Microcopy No T-315, Roll 2281, Washington 1965
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and 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division. On 25 February 1945 these divisions were combined to become
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The Politics of Illusion and Empire: German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1942-1943
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force, the Cossack Cavalry Brigade, which was formed on 21 April 1943 and soon merged into
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MĂĽller, Klaus-Dieter; Schaarschmidt, Thomas; Schmeitzner, Mike; Weigelt, Andreas (2015).
462:, in Breslau, he fled to Poland. Under an assumed name, Pannwitz became a leader in the
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Almost fifty years later, on 23 April 1996, during the Russian presidency of
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War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941 – 1945, Occupation and Collaboration
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Because of the respect he showed for his troops and his tendency to attend
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511:(captain) and cavalry squadron commander in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in
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During the summer of 1944 the two brigades were upgraded to become the
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489:. In 1934 he commanded an SA cavalry squadron. By cooperating with the
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Weigelt, Andreas (2015). "Kurzbiographien". In Andreas Weigelt (ed.).
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Panzer Operations: The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus, 1941–1945
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on 16 January 1947, having been convicted by a military tribunal of
553:. In late November 1941, during the arrival of fresh troops of the
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Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
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transferred to the Waffen-SS and integrated into the newly formed
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under his command. The unit conducted anti-partisan operations in
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Wehrmacht im Ostkrieg: Front und militärisches Hinterland 1941/42
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Pannwitz was a German national, and under the provisions of the
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454:) against Polish separatists in Silesia and participated in the
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421:, near Liegnitz in Silesia, and later the main cadet school at
406:. From the 14th to 16th century the family held the office of
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1240:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
667:.So Pannwitz went with his Men willing to share their fate.
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Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
458:. Wanted as a suspect in the murder of a Social-Democrat,
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374:, sentenced to death on 16 January 1947 and executed in
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Pannwitz surrendered on 11 May 1945 to British forces (
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As an officer cadet, Pannwitz upon the outbreak of the
1263:] (in German). OsnabrĂĽck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
1131:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.
1052:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 280.
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Recipients of the Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir
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Aged twelve, he entered the Prussian cadet school in
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Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
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1294:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
390:nobility on his father's estate Botzanowitz (today
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1521:Lieutenant generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
446:(second lieutenant/cornet) and decorated with the
436:as a volunteer (1st Regiment of Lancers, based at
497:in Silesia. For that he was admitted to join the
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820:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
304:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1546:Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
1261:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z
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824:Knight's Cross (467th) on 4 September 1941 as
342:. Later he became a Lieutenant General of the
1566:Nazis executed by the Soviet Union by hanging
466:in 1923 where he was involved in a number of
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1556:Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave
1365:. New York, NY: Open Road Integrated Media.
1343:. Lagavulin, Isle of Islay: Tropical Books.
839:and leader of the Kampfgruppe "von Pannwitz"
564:Pannwitz was instrumental in establishing a
1191:Cossacks in the German Wehrmacht, 1941-1945
862:Repatriation of Cossacks after World War II
523:near Vienna, being promoted to the rank of
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1257:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z
323:(14 October 1898 – 16 January 1947) was a
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830:and commander of Aufklärungs-Abteilung 45
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1283:Die Waffengattungen – Gesamtübersicht
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1526:German Army personnel of World War I
493:he played a leading role during the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
814:Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir
701:Grave of Helmuth von Pannwitz near
543:. He received the Oak Leaves as an
386:Pannwitz was born into a family of
1155:(2 ed.). Munich: Oldenbourg.
1123:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) .
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1211:(2003). Newton, Steven H. (ed.).
470:. In the aftermath of the failed
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1387:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
541:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
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23:
1193:. London, England: Frank Cass.
34:needs additional citations for
1586:People executed for war crimes
1:
784:2nd Class (23 September 1939)
748:2nd Class (16 September 1915)
614:(German rendering of Supreme
16:German SS general (1898–1947)
1576:20th-century German nobility
902:(in German). pp. 34–35.
774:Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung
570:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
1581:Inmates of Lefortovo Prison
1189:Newland, Samuel J. (1991).
751:1st Class (27 January 1917)
633:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
601:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
362:. In 1947 he was tried for
360:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
270:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
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1571:Nobility in the Nazi Party
1506:Black Reichswehr personnel
1215:. Da Capo Press (e-book).
1170:Mulligan, Timothy (1988).
804:Order of Michael the Brave
787:1st Class (5 October 1939)
501:. In 1935 he rejoined the
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709:Pannwitz was executed in
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1100:Fellgiebel 2000, p. 333.
975:Tomasevich 2001, p. 305.
945:Tomasevich 2001, p. 306.
900:Neue Deutsche Biographie
725:Attempted rehabilitation
398:, near Rosenberg (today
254:Generalleutnant der Heer
1531:Prussian Army personnel
1230:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1109:Fellgiebel 2000, p. 64.
896:"Hellmuth von Pannwitz"
779:Clasp to the Iron Cross
1391:45th Infantry Division
1339:Mitchell, Ian (1997).
1255:Thomas, Franz (1998).
1091:Scherzer 2007, p. 582.
894:Menges, Franz (2001).
808:3rd Class (7 May 1943)
737:Awards and decorations
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531:in Poland and France.
529:45th Infantry Division
58:"Helmuth von Pannwitz"
1174:. New York: Praeger.
816:with Stars and Swords
793:General Assault Badge
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460:Bernhard Schottländer
236:Years of service
1452:Oak Leaves with the
1439:Helmuth von Pannwitz
1079:Thomas 1998, p. 141.
597:1st Cossack Division
551:battle of Stalingrad
434:Imperial German Army
321:Helmuth von Pannwitz
251:SS-GruppenfĂĽhrer und
206:Execution by hanging
125:Helmuth von Pannwitz
43:improve this article
1596:Waffen-SS personnel
1147:Hartmann, Christian
799:Eastern Front Medal
555:6th Panzer Division
334:officer during the
202:Cause of death
160:Province of Silesia
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586:summary executions
582:Yugoslav partisans
164:Kingdom of Prussia
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1322:978-3-647-36968-6
1301:978-0-8047-3615-2
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1247:978-3-938845-17-2
1181:978-0-275-92837-7
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32:This article
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1442:(Oak Leaves)
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276:Battles/wars
196:Soviet Union
192:Russian SFSR
179:(1947-01-16)
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1501:1947 deaths
1496:1898 births
1024:Tessin 1977
757:Wound Badge
653:Völkermarkt
645:Eighth Army
559:Kotelnikovo
508:Rittmeister
503:German Army
456:Kapp Putsch
432:joined the
392:Bodzanowice
283:World War I
156:Botzanowitz
1490:Categories
1350:0953158101
868:References
743:Iron Cross
715:war crimes
703:Stahnsdorf
612:Feldataman
499:Nazi Party
495:Röhm purge
448:Iron Cross
382:Early life
364:war crimes
356:Feldataman
330:who was a
309:Iron Cross
258:Feldataman
216:Allegiance
149:1898-10-14
69:newspapers
1480:Biography
873:Citations
705:, Germany
693:Execution
677:Judenburg
657:Carinthia
639:Aftermath
628:Wehrmacht
521:Stockerau
517:Anschluss
513:Angerburg
452:Freikorps
419:Wahlstatt
352:Waffen-SS
344:Wehrmacht
1361:(2013).
1281:(1977).
1238:Archives
1149:(2010).
846:See also
762:in Black
622:alone).
443:Leutnant
438:Militsch
408:Burggraf
388:Prussian
338:and the
266:Commands
781:(1939)
759:(1914)
745:(1914)
717:in the
661:Austria
651:) near
649:V Corps
578:Belarus
574:Ukraine
566:Cossack
491:Gestapo
487:Silesia
476:MĹ‚ochĂłw
404:Lusatia
396:Silesia
370:by the
368:Ukaz 43
358:of the
350:of the
332:cavalry
328:general
239:1914–45
229:Germany
83:scholar
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711:Moscow
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546:Oberst
400:Olesno
366:under
354:, and
325:German
297:Awards
226:
188:Moscow
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1419:Units
1398:Staff
1259:[
1235:[
1127:[
525:Major
505:as a
412:Glatz
336:First
90:JSTOR
76:books
1367:ISBN
1345:ISBN
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1133:ISBN
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620:Tsar
576:and
346:, a
244:Rank
174:Died
143:Born
62:news
655:in
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