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778:, but it served, along with Jackson's writings on the Mission Indians of California, as a catalyst for other reformers ...Helen Hunt Jackson cared deeply for the Indians of California. She cared enough to undermine her health while devoting the last few years of her life to bettering their lives. Her enduring writings, therefore, provided a legacy to other reformers, who cherished her work enough to carry on her struggle and at least try to improve the lives of America's first inhabitants.
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440:(Oklahoma), where they suffered from disease, harsh climate, and poor supplies. Upset about the mistreatment of Native Americans by government agents, Jackson became an activist on their behalf. She started investigating and publicizing government misconduct, circulating petitions, raising money, and writing letters to
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In 1852, she married U.S. Army
Captain Edward Bissell Hunt. They had two sons, one of whom, Murray Hunt (1853–1854), died as an infant in 1854 of a brain disease. Her husband died in October 1863, in an accident that occurred while he was experimenting with one of his marine inventions. Her second
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and attracted considerable attention to her cause. Commercially successful, it was estimated to have been reprinted 300 times, with readers liking its romantic and picturesque qualities more than its political content. The novel was so popular that it attracted many tourists to
Southern California
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policies of the
Mexican government, as well as later U.S. policies, both of which led to their removal from mission lands. Under its original land grants, the Mexican government provided for resident Indians to continue to occupy such lands. After taking control of the territory in 1848, the U.S.
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In a review of a film version, a journalist wrote about the novel, describing it as "the long and lugubrious romance by Helen Hunt
Jackson, over which America wept unnumbered gallons in the eighties and nineties," and complained of "the long, uneventful stretches of the novel." In reviewing the
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Most of Hunt's early elegiac verse grew out of this heavy experience of loss and sorrow. Up to this time, her life had been absorbed in domestic and social duties. Her real literary career began when she removed herself to
Newport, in the winter of 1866. Her first successful poem, "Coronation",
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society, her Indian husband
Alessandro, and their struggles for land of their own. The characters were based on people known by Jackson and incidents which she had encountered. The book achieved rapid success among a broad swath of the public. Its romantic story contributed to the growth of
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587:, recommended her appointment as an Interior Department agent. Jackson's assignment was to visit the Mission Indians, ascertain the location and condition of various bands, and determine what lands, if any, should be purchased for their use. With the help of the US Indian agent
365:, which was often fatal before the invention of antibiotics.. While in Colorado Springs, Hunt met William Sharpless Jackson, a wealthy banker and railroad executive. They married in 1875 and she took the name Jackson, under which she was best known for her later writings.
540:... soon made enemies at Washington by her often unmeasured attacks, and while on general lines she did some good, her case was weakened by her inability, in some cases, to substantiate the charges she had made; hence many who were at first sympathetic fell away.
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In 1883, Jackson completed her 56-page report. It recommended extensive government relief for the
Mission Indians, including the purchase of new lands for reservations and the establishment of more Indian schools. A bill embodying her recommendations passed the
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referred to her as Helen Hunt
Jackson in 1885, reporting on her final illness, and in 1886, reporting on visitors to her grave. The name was used during her lifetime by others, though she disliked the practice. "It is not proper to keep one's first
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A fiery and prolific writer, Jackson engaged in heated exchanges with federal officials over the injustices committed against the Ponca and other
American Indian tribes. Among her special targets was U.S. Secretary of the Interior
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618:"I am going to write a novel, in which will be set forth some Indian experiences in a way to move people's hearts. People will read a novel when they will not read serious books." She was inspired by her friend
686:. I am dying happier for the belief I have that it is your hand that is destined to strike the first steady blow toward lifting this burden of infamy from our country and righting the wrongs of the Indian race.
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generally disregarded such
Mission Indian occupancy claims. In 1852, an estimated 15,000 Mission Indians lived in Southern California. By the time of Jackson's visit, they numbered fewer than 4,000.
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Jackson decided to write a novel to reach a wider audience. When she wrote Coronel asking for details about early California and any romantic incidents he could remember, she explained her purpose:
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in 1868. In response, Jackson wrote a book, the first published under her own name, in which she condemned state and federal Indian policies. She recounted a history of broken treaties.
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Although Jackson started an outline in California, she began writing the novel in December 1883 in her New York hotel room, and completed it in about three months. Originally titled
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Encouraged by the popularity of her book, Jackson planned to write a children's story about Indian issues, but did not live to complete it. Her last letter was written to President
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life in the area. He had served as inspector of missions for the Mexican government. Coronel told her about the plight of the Mission Indians after 1833. They were buffeted by the
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in 1844, when Fiske was fourteen. Three years later, the father died. He had provided financially for Fiske's education and arranged for an uncle to care for her. Fiske attended
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novels of the 19th century. Sixty years after its publication, 600,000 copies had been sold. There have been over 300 reissues to date and the book has never been out of print.
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After she married William Sharpless Jackson in Colorado Springs in 1875, she took his name and is known in her writing as Helen Hunt Jackson. One of her most popular poems is
454:, whom she once called "the most adroit liar I ever knew." She exposed the government's violation of treaties with American Indian tribes. She documented the corruption of US
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1956:
Notable women in history : the lives of women who in all ages, all lands and in all womanly occupations have won fame and put their imprint on the world's history
711:. Her husband arranged for her burial on a one-acre plot near Seven Falls at Inspiration Point overlooking Colorado Springs, Colorado. Her remains were later moved to
281:. Two brothers, Humphrey Washburn Fiske (?–1833) and David Vinal Fiske (1829–1829), died soon after birth. There was also a sister, Anne. The children were raised as
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for other genres, including four films (the last in Spanish), stage, and television productions. Valery Sherer Mathes assessed the writer and her work:
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A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life
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Delucia, Christine M. (2018). "Contested Passages Coastal and Inland Homelands, Bastoniak, and Internment by the "City Upon a Hill"".
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651:(1884), the name of the main character. It featured Ramona, an orphan girl who was half Indian and half Scots, raised in Spanish
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Ramona High School in Riverside, California and Ramona Elementary in Hemet, California are both named for her central character.
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From my death bed I send you message of heartfelt thanks for what you have already done for the Indians. I ask you to read my
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350:. The years 1868–1870 were spent in Europe, in travel and literary work. In 1872, she visited California for the first time.
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Her friend Emily Dickinson once described Jackson's literary limitations: "she has the facts but not the phosphorescence."
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524:(1881) called for significant reform in government policy toward Native Americans. Jackson sent a copy to every member of
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Jackson won the support of several newspaper editors who published her reports. Among her correspondents were editor
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She used her married names, Helen Hunt and Helen Jackson, but she is most often referred to as Helen Hunt Jackson.
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of the Los Angeles Public Library is a Mission/Spanish Revival style-building built in 1925. It is listed on the
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admired her poetry and used several of her poems in his public readings. He included five of them in his
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printed in red on the cover: "Look upon your hands: they are stained with the blood of your relations."
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by the United States government. She described the adverse effects of government actions in her history
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Jackson (1883) "Report on the Conditions and Needs of the Mission Indians", appears as an appendix to
1412:(NY: Harper, 1882). A revised edition edited by Andrew Rolle was published by Harper & Row in 1965.
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Schmudde, Carol E. (Spring 1993). "Sincerity, Secrecy, and Lies: Helen Hunt Jackson's No Name Novels".
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three years later. It was the commencement of a long and fruitful connection with that magazine, with
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that "by one estimate, the book has been reprinted 300 times." One year after Jackson's death the
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as "unquestionably the best novel yet produced by an American woman" and named it, along with
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are the only things I have done of which I am glad... They will live, and... bear fruit."
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The largest collection of the papers of Helen Hunt Jackson is held at Colorado College.
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628:(1852). "If I could write a story that would do for the Indian one-hundredth part what
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Coronel's account inspired Jackson to action. The U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
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Jackson went to southern California for respite. Having been interested in the area's
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In 1879, Jackson's interests turned to Native Americans after she heard a lecture in
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on an earlier visit, she began an in-depth study. While in Los Angeles, she met Don
228:; October 15, 1830 – August 12, 1885) was an American poet and writer who became an
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1992:
Privileged Son: Otis Chandler and the Rise and Fall of the L.A. Times Dynasty
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takes place at the Ramona Bowl outdoor amphitheatre each year in late spring.
667:, about the mountain in Colorado Springs. She was friends with fellow writer
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and the Abbott Institute, a boarding school in New York City run by Reverend
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Tribe. Standing Bear described the forcible removal of the Ponca from their
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Memory Lands: King Philip's War and the Place of Violence in the Northeast
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1147:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
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She published her early work anonymously, usually under the name "H.H."
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did for the Negro, I would be thankful the rest of my life," she wrote.
1238:"Around turn of century, tuberculosis patients sought cure in Springs"
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Over the next two years, she published three novels in the anonymous
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A portion of Jackson's Colorado home has been reconstructed in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1820:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1683:
Fannie Safier, Wanda Schindley, John Kuehn, Margaret Ferry, eds,
1847:
Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893).
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An elementary school in Colorado Springs is named in her memory.
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Indians facing dispossession from their land at the foot of the
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1119:
Ramona Memories: Tourism and the Shaping of Southern California
719:. At the time of her death, her estate was valued at $ 12,642.
569:, former mayor of the city and a well-known authority on early
1790:
1215:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 168–71.
391:. She also encouraged a contribution from Emily Dickinson to
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2022:
Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era
1424:
Gudrun Grabher, Roland HagenbĂĽchle, Cristanne Miller, eds,
1332:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003: 146–147.
277:, author, and professor of Latin, Greek, and philosophy at
248:(1884) dramatized the federal government's mistreatment of
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Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Colorado Springs, Colorado)
1743:"Colorado College Special Collections: Helen Hunt Jackson"
536:, however, suggested the following in Jackson's obituary:
1352:
The Nez Perces in the Indian Territory: Nimiipuu Survival
660:, as people wanted to see places described in the novel.
1354:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 128.
2141:
Papers, Special Collections, Jones Library, Amherst, MA
2082:
Western American Literature Journal: Helen Hunt Jackson
326:
son, Warren "Rennie" Horsford Hunt (born 1855) died of
2014:
Prophets and Ghosts: The Story of Salvage Anthropology
1978:
Indian Reform Letters of Helen Hunt Jackson, 1879–1885
1189:
1187:
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Hemet, California's official outdoor play, the annual
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remains in print, as does a collection of her poetry.
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The site of Hunt Jackson's grave in Colorado Springs
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1022:Pansy Billings and Popsy: Two Stories of Girl Life
1802:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, Helen Hunt Jackson
1592:"Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson's Grave", April 18, 1886
2001:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003)
1985:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Lonely Voice of Conscience
1980:(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998)
1829:A Tribute in Memory of Helen Hunt Jackson (H.H.)
1541:
1971:Helen Hunt Jackson and Her Indian Reform Legacy
1428:(University of Massachusetts Press, 1998), 328.
930:Bits of Talk in Verse and Prose for Young Folks
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680:
616:
538:
2029:Helen Hunt Jackson: Selected Colorado Writings
1701:"'Ramona' Shown upon the Screen," 6 April 1916
1514:
1512:
1292:, 21 September 2003, accessed March 14, 2011.
1272:, 18 October 1931, accessed February 14, 2011.
289:, a federal government official who served as
2179:
1973:(Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1992)
1121:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
1071:name, after a second marriage", she wrote to
944:Nelly's Silver Mine: A Story of Colorado Life
859:in Colorado Springs, was named in her memory.
8:
1576:'H.H.' to the President", September 29, 1885
1247:. Colorado Springs, Colorado. pp. B 1:3
1018:by Helen Jackson Roberts Bros, Boston (1893)
671:who cared for her during her final illness.
1506:, 24 July 2005, accessed February 14, 2011.
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1444:, August 13, 1885, accessed March 13, 2011.
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2066:Wilkins, E.T.; Wilkins, J.W.; Boyer, P.S.
1881:. Best Books on Federal Writers' Project.
1832:(Public domain ed.). Frank S. Thayer.
1522:, p. 275, University of California Press.
1206:
1204:
1202:
1052:Tuberculosis treatment in Colorado Springs
321:Marriage, family, and early writing career
49:
38:
3617:19th-century American non-fiction writers
2049:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600836
3672:Deaths from stomach cancer in California
1420:
1418:
1164:, 7 May 1917, accessed 14 February 2011.
261:who wanted to see places from the book.
3632:19th-century American women journalists
3407:Frances Xavier Cabrini (Mother Cabrini)
1176:The Place of My Desire: And Other Poems
1091:
1043:
510:In 1879, Jackson attended a lecture by
353:In the winter of 1873–1874, she was in
291:Solicitor of the United States Treasury
2129:Colorado College Special Collections:
2016:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1987:(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1987)
1878:Colorado, a Guide to the Highest State
1193:
361:, seeking rest in hopes of a cure for
3707:American women civil rights activists
3682:Native American history of California
3437:Julie Villiers Lewis McMillan Penrose
793:Jackson wrote of her late works: "My
7:
3687:Activists for Native American rights
2106:Works by or about Helen Hunt Jackson
1380:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
819:National Register of Historic Places
3712:Writers from Amherst, Massachusetts
2024:(NY: Oxford University Press, 1985)
1999:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Literary Life
1853:(Public domain ed.). Moulton.
1791:Helen Hunt Jacson Elementary School
1520:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Literary Life
1442:"Obituary: Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson"
1330:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Literary Life
1285:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Literary Life
1213:Helen Hunt Jackson: A Literary Life
828:and furnished with her possessions.
232:on behalf of improved treatment of
3697:People from Amherst, Massachusetts
3652:American women non-fiction writers
3642:American investigative journalists
1608:"Literary Notes," February 7, 1887
25:
3612:19th-century American journalists
3477:Elizabeth Georgiana Barratt Wells
2136:"September" by Helen Hunt Jackson
2068:Notable American women: 1607–1950
1875:Federal Writers' Project (1941).
1236:Fallon, D'Arcy (April 19, 1992).
374:Parnassus: An Anthology of Poetry
3722:Writers from Greater Los Angeles
2122:
1836:
1815:
1651:"Helen Hunt Jackson (1830–1885)"
826:Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum
3622:19th-century American novelists
3607:19th-century American essayists
1500:Richard B. Woodward, review of
200:
177:
3702:Spanish missions in California
2432:Elizabeth Hickok Robbins Stone
1994:(Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2001)
1780:Helen Hunt Jackson High School
842:, and an elementary school in
269:Helen Maria Fiske was born in
18:Helen Maria Fiske Hunt Jackson
1:
2195:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
2152:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
1770:, accessed February 14, 2011.
1703:, accessed February 14, 2011.
1610:, accessed February 14, 2011.
1594:, accessed February 14, 2011.
1578:, accessed February 14, 2011.
1557:Federal Writers' Project 1941
1158:"Add to Sunday's 'Hell List'"
867:Colorado Women's Hall of Fame
401:Activist for Native Americans
3692:Novelists from Massachusetts
3647:American non-fiction writers
2008:(NY: Appleton-Century, 1939)
1976:Valerie Sherer Mathes, ed.,
1941:Resources in other libraries
1922:Resources in other libraries
1625:Women's History: Biographies
1542:Willard & Livermore 1893
1426:The Emily Dickinson Handbook
1138:"Jackson, Helen Maria"
1010:The Hunter Cats of Connorloa
723:Critical response and legacy
397:as part of the same series.
3627:19th-century American poets
2121:(public domain audiobooks)
2115:Works by Helen Hunt Jackson
2096:Works by Helen Hunt Jackson
2087:Works by Helen Hunt Jackson
2070:. Harvard University Press.
2041:American National Biography
2035:Whitaker, Rosemary (2000).
1718:"The Building of the House"
1304:Studies in American Fiction
27:American writer (1830–1885)
3743:
3457:Minnie Reynolds Scalabrino
2157:February 16, 2018, at the
1966:(NY: Vanguard Press, 1973)
1759:City of Colorado Springs:
1685:Adventures in Appreciation
1350:Pearson, J. Diane (2008).
865:She was inducted into the
786:history of her publisher,
774:may not have been another
514:about the creation of the
355:Colorado Springs, Colorado
285:. Anne became the wife of
242:(1881). Her popular novel
98:Colorado Springs, Colorado
29:
3637:Activists from California
3324:
3313:
3154:Elizabeth Wright Ingraham
2995:
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2676:
2490:
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2201:
1936:Resources in your library
1917:Resources in your library
1826:Thayer, Frank S. (1886).
1283:review of Kate Phillips,
857:North Cheyenne Cañon Park
815:Helen Hunt Jackson Branch
330:in 1865 at the age nine.
308:. She was a classmate of
306:John Stevens Cabot Abbott
190:William Sharpless Jackson
83:San Francisco, California
48:
3657:American women novelists
3553:Lula Lubchenco Josephson
3371:Velveta Golightly-Howell
3134:Morley Cowles Ballantine
1959:(1913), p. 411–415.
1766:August 14, 2018, at the
980:Glimpses of Three Coasts
974:Zeph: A Posthumous Story
917:Mercy Philbrick's Choice
912:The Story of Boon (1874)
609:House of Representatives
446:on behalf of the Ponca.
409:Jackson, circa 1870-1880
385:Mercy Philbrick's Choice
265:Early life and education
30:Not to be confused with
3717:Writers from California
3366:Rosalind Juanita Harris
3144:Penny Rafferty Hamilton
2968:Babe Didrikson Zaharias
2599:Frances McConnell-Mills
2391:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
2334:Hannah Marie Wormington
2012:Redman, Samuel (2021).
1969:Valerie Sherer Mathes,
1785:April 26, 2009, at the
1518:Phillips, Kate (2003).
1457:2nd ed. (Boston, 1885).
1211:Phillips, Kate (2003).
1173:Banfield, Edith Colby,
1144:Encyclopædia Britannica
924:Hetty's Strange History
898:Bits about Home Matters
516:Great Sioux Reservation
389:Hetty's Strange History
302:Ipswich Female Seminary
133:Ipswich Female Seminary
3452:Patricia Barela Rivera
3432:Katharine Stegner Odum
3422:Zipporah Parks Hammond
3397:Theodosia Grace Ammons
3356:Elizabeth Piper Ensley
3149:Julia Archibald Holmes
3088:Erinea Garcia Gallegos
2872:Clarissa Pinkola Estés
2719:Pauline Short Robinson
2594:Mary Hauck Elitch Long
1687:(Harcourt, 1989), 257.
1099:Jackson, H.H. (1884).
1029:Glimpses of California
937:Bits of Travel at Home
885:
780:
700:
688:
645:, it was published as
643:In The Name of the Law
634:
554:
545:Mission Indian crusade
542:
507:
410:
271:Amherst, Massachusetts
66:Amherst, Massachusetts
3221:Anna Jo Garcia Haynes
2574:Dana Hudkins Crawford
2517:Jane Silverstein Ries
2396:Mary Florence Lathrop
2360:Helen Louise Peterson
2224:Lena Lovato Archuleta
1930:By Helen Hunt Jackson
1655:Literary Encyclopedia
1481:Indian Reform Letters
1468:Indian Reform Letters
1316:10.1353/saf.1993.0020
995:A Calendar of Sonnets
959:A Century of Dishonor
881:
846:were named after her.
745:North American Review
729:A Century of Dishonor
698:
669:Flora Haines Loughead
620:Harriet Beecher Stowe
597:San Jacinto Mountains
552:
521:A Century of Dishonor
504:A Century of Dishonor
502:
494:A Century of Dishonor
471:Richard Watson Gilder
408:
296:The mother died from
239:A Century of Dishonor
146:A Century of Dishonor
3662:American women poets
3513:Gail Benjamin Colvin
3472:Olibama Lopez Tushar
3346:Alida Cornelia Avery
3236:Sandra I. Rothenberg
3139:Lauren Young Casteel
2918:Sue Anschutz-Rodgers
2614:Mildred Pitts Walter
2604:Rachel Bassette Noel
2507:Hendrika B. Cantwell
2463:Cleo Parker Robinson
2147:"Helen Hunt Jackson"
2131:"Helen Hunt Jackson"
2037:"Helen Hunt Jackson"
2031:(Filter Press, 2002)
2027:Mark I. West., ed.,
1621:"Helen Hunt Jackson"
1455:Century of Dishonor,
1077:Caroline Healey Dall
844:Temecula, California
637:Later writing career
476:The Century Magazine
467:New York Independent
432:and transfer to the
258:Mexican–American War
3568:Jacqueline St. Joan
3493:Judith E. N. Albino
3467:Agnes Wright Spring
3447:Agnes Ludwig Riddle
3341:Katherine Archuleta
3226:Arlene Vigil Kramer
3169:Helen Ring Robinson
3042:Bartley Marie Scott
2780:Emily Howell Warner
2714:J. Virginia Lincoln
2370:Eudochia Bell Smith
2314:May Bonfils Stanton
1962:Evelyn I. Banning,
1410:Century of Dishonor
1266:"Books and Authors"
1103:. New York: Harper.
906:Saxe Holm's Stories
795:Century of Dishonor
763:The novel has been
684:Century of Dishonor
658:Southern California
553:Jackson before 1885
370:Ralph Waldo Emerson
254:Southern California
170:Edward Bissell Hunt
3677:Mexican California
3518:Linda Seitz Fowler
3427:Susanne E. Jalbert
3129:Christine Arguello
3047:Alice Bemis Taylor
3007:Madeleine Albright
2943:Mary Lou Makepeace
2609:Marilyn Van Derbur
2589:Elnora M. Gilfoyle
2512:Sarah Platt-Decker
2453:Edwina Hume Fallis
2417:Caroline Churchill
2269:Helen Hunt Jackson
2006:Helen Hunt Jackson
2004:Ruth Webb O'Dell,
1964:Helen Hunt Jackson
1908:Helen Hunt Jackson
1761:"About the Museum"
1722:The New York Times
1697:The New York Times
1604:The New York Times
1588:The New York Times
1569:The New York Times
1496:The New York Times
1438:The New York Times
1290:The New York Times
1270:The New York Times
1162:The New York Times
1064:The New York Times
951:Letters from a Cat
886:
756:, as the two most
713:Evergreen Cemetery
701:
555:
534:The New York Times
528:with a quote from
508:
463:William Hayes Ward
443:The New York Times
411:
214:Helen Hunt Jackson
94:Evergreen Cemetery
43:Helen Hunt Jackson
3727:Colorado pioneers
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3543:Elizabeth Hoffman
3538:Gloria J. Higgins
3412:Vicki Jane Cowart
3361:Carolina Gonzalez
3351:Guadalupe Briseño
3336:Mary Lou Anderson
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3200:Laura Ann Hershey
3164:Joanne M. Maguire
3078:Fannie Mae Duncan
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2938:Katherine Keating
2877:Arlene Hirschfeld
2841:Arie Parks Taylor
2811:Patricia A. Gabow
2724:Martha M. Urioste
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2579:Margaret L. Curry
2569:Elise M. Boulding
2533:Helen Marie Black
2502:Caroline Bancroft
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2427:B. LaRae Orullian
2091:Project Gutenberg
2058:978-0-19-860669-7
1990:Dennis McDougal,
1903:Library resources
1888:978-1-62376-006-9
1716:(March 1, 1970).
1674:Mathes, 159, 161.
1038:Explanatory notes
840:Hemet, California
838:A high school in
805:Legacy and honors
776:Uncle Tom's Cabin
754:Uncle Tom's Cabin
738:reviewer said of
665:Cheyenne Mountain
630:Uncle Tom's Cabin
625:Uncle Tom's Cabin
530:Benjamin Franklin
394:A Masque of Poets
357:at the resort of
226:Helen Maria Fiske
211:
210:
61:Helen Maria Fiske
16:(Redirected from
3734:
3533:Margaret Hansson
3498:Christine Benero
3376:Marianne Neifert
3326:
3315:
3272:Geraldine Grimes
3246:Judith B. Wagner
3205:Elizabeth Pellet
3159:Kristina Johnson
3068:Kristi S. Anseth
3022:Philippa Marrack
3012:Elinor Greenberg
2997:
2986:
2897:Caroline Spencer
2831:Antoinette Perry
2821:Portia Mansfield
2801:Louie Croft Boyd
2689:
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2492:
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2401:Lenore E. Walker
2254:Mamie Eisenhower
2249:Mary Coyle Chase
2214:
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2188:
2181:
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2125:
2110:Internet Archive
2071:
2062:
2017:
1983:Antoinette May,
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1833:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1799:
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1749:on May 22, 2010.
1745:. Archived from
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853:Helen Hunt Falls
788:Houghton Mifflin
717:Colorado Springs
703:Jackson died of
691:Death and burial
676:Grover Cleveland
607:but died in the
483:of the New York
479:, and publisher
438:Indian Territory
342:later, and with
250:Native Americans
234:Native Americans
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136:Abbott Institute
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63:October 15, 1830
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3083:Loretta C. Ford
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3032:Hattie McDaniel
3027:Ramona Martinez
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2845:
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2816:Carlotta LaNier
2796:Anna Lee Aldred
2784:
2750:Virginia Fraser
2733:
2729:Zita Weinshienk
2683:
2664:
2660:Mary Luke Tobin
2635:Eppie Archuleta
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2145:Poets' Corner:
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2011:
1997:Kate Phillips,
1951:Willis J. Abbot
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563:Mission Indians
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436:Reservation in
403:
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310:Emily Dickinson
279:Amherst College
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512:Standing Bear
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486:Daily Tribune
482:
481:Whitelaw Reid
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456:Indian agents
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185:
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148:
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141:Notable works
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111:
107:
103:
99:
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90:Resting place
88:
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60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3563:Carolyn Love
3558:Mary Krugman
3548:Elsa HolguĂn
3528:Dusti Gurule
3508:Fran Coleman
3103:Ding-Wen Hsu
3093:Laura Gilpin
2963:Rhea Woltman
2953:Anna Petteys
2902:Vivien Spitz
2867:Marion Downs
2862:Judy Collins
2826:Carol Mutter
2755:Gudy Gaskill
2704:Joy S. Burns
2645:Juana Bordas
2268:
2259:Justina Ford
2067:
2040:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1929:
1907:
1877:
1869:Bibliography
1849:
1828:
1797:
1775:
1755:
1747:the original
1737:
1727:February 14,
1725:. Retrieved
1721:
1708:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:Thomson Gale
1624:
1615:
1603:
1599:
1587:
1583:
1568:
1564:
1519:
1501:
1495:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1409:
1404:
1376:
1369:
1364:Mathes, xiv.
1360:
1351:
1345:
1329:
1324:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1251:February 15,
1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1231:
1212:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1142:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1046:
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1021:
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1009:
1002:
994:
986:
979:
973:
966:
958:
950:
943:
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929:
923:
916:
905:
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890:
882:
832:
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792:
784:
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771:
770:
762:
753:
749:
743:
739:
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733:
728:
726:
702:
683:
681:
673:
664:
662:
652:
646:
642:
640:
629:
623:
617:
613:
601:
589:Abbot Kinney
582:
570:
556:
539:
533:
519:
509:
503:
493:
484:
474:
466:
460:
448:
441:
412:
392:
388:
384:
383:, including
378:
373:
367:
363:tuberculosis
352:
347:
343:
339:
336:The Atlantic
335:
334:appeared in
332:
324:
295:
268:
243:
237:
225:
221:
213:
212:
150:
144:
116:Poet, writer
78:(1885-08-12)
36:
3602:1885 deaths
3597:1830 births
3442:Lydia Prado
3402:Libby Bortz
3381:Gale Norton
3277:Susan Helms
3241:Shari Shink
2958:Eliza Routt
2928:Evie Dennis
2765:Mary Miller
2709:Josie Heath
2650:Swanee Hunt
2448:Clara Brown
2422:Oleta Crain
2339:Jean Yancey
2294:Mary Rippon
2274:Dottie Lamm
2239:Molly Brown
1810:Attribution
1194:Thayer 1886
1003:Ryan Thomas
707:in 1885 in
656:tourism to
605:U.S. Senate
585:Hiram Price
452:Carl Schurz
430:reservation
359:Seven Falls
348:Independent
340:The Century
298:consumption
3591:Categories
3417:Ruth Denny
3231:Lydia Peña
3190:Anne Evans
3174:Diana Wall
2882:Jean Jones
2770:Sue Miller
2699:Polly Baca
2640:Ceal Barry
2548:Wilma Webb
2284:Golda Meir
2100:Faded Page
1396:1017098794
1087:References
748:described
727:Jackson's
653:Californio
572:Californio
344:The Nation
328:diphtheria
283:Unitarians
256:after the
113:Occupation
32:Helen Hunt
2289:Owl Woman
1310:: 51–66.
421:, of the
417:by Chief
2948:Lily Nie
2155:Archived
2119:LibriVox
2102:(Canada)
1783:Archived
1764:Archived
1479:Mathes,
1466:Mathes,
1117:(2005).
869:in 1985.
561:and the
559:missions
526:Congress
427:Nebraska
376:(1880).
275:minister
230:activist
218:pen name
149:(1881);
121:Language
105:Pen name
2244:Chipeta
2108:at the
1845::
1824::
1660:May 19,
1635:May 19,
1470:, 298–9
1069:married
765:adapted
758:ethical
465:of the
224:; born
205:
197:
193:
182:
174:
124:English
2055:
1905:about
1885:
1857:
1631:. 1997
1526:
1483:, 258.
1394:
1384:
1336:
1219:
1101:Ramona
1032:(1914)
1024:(1898)
1012:(1894)
1006:(1892)
998:(1891)
990:(1888)
982:(1886)
976:(1885)
970:(1884)
967:Ramona
962:(1881)
954:(1879)
946:(1878)
940:(1878)
932:(1876)
926:(1877)
920:(1876)
909:(1874)
901:(1873)
893:(1873)
883:Ramona
799:Ramona
772:Ramona
750:Ramona
740:Ramona
648:Ramona
593:Saboba
506:(1881)
434:Quapaw
415:Boston
316:Career
245:Ramona
160:Spouse
155:(1884)
152:Ramona
100:, U.S.
85:, U.S.
68:, U.S.
3319:2020s
2990:2010s
2682:2000s
2485:1990s
2207:1980s
1241:(PDF)
1075:. To
1016:Poems
855:, in
423:Ponca
199:(
195:
176:(
172:
3486:2024
3390:2022
3329:2020
3260:2018
3214:2016
3183:2015
3122:2014
3061:2012
3000:2010
2911:2008
2850:2006
2789:2004
2738:2002
2692:2000
2623:1997
2557:1996
2526:1991
2495:1990
2441:1989
2410:1988
2379:1987
2348:1986
2217:1985
2053:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1729:2011
1662:2007
1637:2007
1524:ISBN
1392:OCLC
1382:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1253:2015
1217:ISBN
1050:See
813:The
797:and
387:and
346:and
222:H.H.
108:H.H.
73:Died
58:Born
2117:at
2098:at
2089:at
2045:doi
1312:doi
715:in
622:'s
473:of
252:in
3593::
2051:.
2043:.
2039:.
1953::
1789:;
1720:.
1699::
1653:.
1627:.
1623:.
1606::
1590::
1571::
1549:^
1534:^
1511:^
1498::
1488:^
1440::
1417:^
1390:.
1308:21
1306:.
1288:,
1268:,
1243:.
1201:^
1184:^
1160:,
1141:.
734:A
611:.
599:.
489:.
469:,
293:.
220:,
201:m.
178:m.
96:,
2187:e
2180:t
2173:v
2061:.
2047::
1891:.
1863:.
1731:.
1664:.
1639:.
1574:"
1398:.
1340:.
1318:.
1314::
1255:.
1225:.
821:.
216:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
