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430:, who intended to attack his despised successor Caprivi for concluding an agreement that Bismarck himself had arranged during his incumbency. However, Bismarck's nomenclature implied that Germany had swapped an African empire for tiny
397:), but had never had any control over the islands of the Zanzibar sultanate. The treaty gave away no vital German interests, while acquiring Heligoland, an island which was strategically placed for control over the
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Britain divested itself of a naval base which covered the approaches to the main German naval bases in the North Sea, but which would be impossible to defend as
Germany built up its navy. It immediately declared a
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413:. Wilhelm's naval policies aborted an accommodation with the British and ultimately led to a rapprochement between Britain and
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Vertrag zwischen dem
Deutschen Reich und dem Vereinigten Königreich über die Kolonien und Helgoland vom 1. Juli 1890
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The Anglo-German Treaty (Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty) 1 July 1890, Translation of the German version of the contract
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The treaty of
Helgoland-Zanzibar : the beginning of the end for the Anglo-German friendship?
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In exchange, Germany handed over to
Britain the protectorate over the small sultanate of
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Gillard, D. R. (1960). "Salisbury's
African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890".
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Das
Staatsarchiv. Sammlung der offiziellen Aktenstücke zur Geschichte der Gegenwart
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ports. Britain used
Zanzibar as a key link in the British control of East Africa.
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David R. Gillard, "Salisbury's
African Policy and the Heligoland Offer of 1890."
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from 1887 onward, control of the German Bight had become essential to
Emperor
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317:, and pledged not to interfere with British actions vis-à-vis the independent
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coast) and parts of East Africa vital for the
British to build a railway to
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had acquired a strip of land on the Tanganyikan coast (leading to the 1888
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Heligoland and the making of the Anglo-German colonial agreement in 1890
329:). In addition, the treaty established the German sphere of interest in
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333:(most of present-day Namibia) and settled the borders between German
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54:
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Carl Peters and German Imperialism 1856–1918: A Political Biography
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Carl Peters and German Imperialism 1856–1918: A Political Biography
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The misleading name for the treaty was introduced by ex-Chancellor
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310:
240:
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Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the struggle for the North Sea
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Includes the citation of the English version of the contract.
702:, Bd. 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, S. 151.
377:'s aims for a settlement with the British. After the 1884
280:, and a free hand to control and acquire the coast of
221:. In return, Germany recognized British authority in
696:
Deutsche Geschichte in Dokumenten und Bildern (DGDB)
639:"Sovereignty and Empire in the North Sea, 1807–1918"
272:but since 1814 a British possession, the so-called
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60:
50:
35:
190:) was an agreement signed on 1 July 1890 between
446:("Pan-German League") which took place in 1891.
170:Handover ceremony on Heligoland, 10 August 1890
799:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar
465:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism
8:
439:
304:
30:
225:. Heligoland was needed to control the new
754:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
679:(Master's Thesis). University of Richmond.
462:James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1991).
366:over Zanzibar and, in the subsequent 1896
29:
654:
809:Bilateral treaties of the United Kingdom
370:, gained full control of the sultanate.
165:
490:The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890-1902
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217:in the North Sea, and the heartland of
213:), the strategically located island of
201:The accord gave Germany control of the
381:, Germany had been losing out in the "
7:
624:(MA thesis). Texas Tech University.
605:. Clarendon Press. pp. 168–79.
546:. Clarendon Press. pp. 168–79.
373:The treaty served German chancellor
794:Treaties entered into force in 1890
714:The Anglo-German Agreement Act 1890
438:appealed for the foundation of the
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248:in Zanzibar with its staff (1890)
779:Germany–United Kingdom relations
292:, now the mainland component of
229:and the approaches to Germany's
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401:. With the construction of the
268:, originally possession of the
739:British colonisation in Africa
734:Treaties of German East Africa
468:. Greenwood. pp. 279–80.
252:Germany gained the islands of
188:Anglo-German Agreement of 1890
1:
789:Treaties of the German Empire
345:), as well as between German
246:Imperial German Postal Agency
673:Yokell, Marshall A. (2010).
620:Pyeatt, Duane Niler (1988).
284:that would form the core of
205:(a ribbon of land that gave
409:plans for expansion of the
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764:1890 in the United Kingdom
759:Treaties concluded in 1890
668:. Oxford University Press.
643:American Historical Review
387:German East Africa Company
184:Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag
176:Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty
31:Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty
27:1890 British-German treaty
572:English Historical Review
503:English Historical Review
270:dukes of Holstein-Gottorp
18:Helgoland-Zanzibar Treaty
744:German South West Africa
584:10.1093/ehr/LXXV.297.631
331:German South West Africa
207:German South-West Africa
106:Sir Edward Baldwin Malet
87:Friedrich Richard Krauel
784:19th century in Africa
527:The Milwaukee Sentinel
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39:July 1, 1890
656:10.1093/ahr/119.2.313
599:Perras, Arne (2004).
540:Perras, Arne (2004).
321:(i.e. the islands of
319:Sultanate of Zanzibar
244:
169:
698:, Transcription of:
442:Alldeutscher Verband
186:; also known as the
729:History of Zanzibar
664:Rüger, Jan (2016).
637:Rüger, Jan (2014).
488:William L. Langer,
383:Scramble for Africa
32:
804:British Heligoland
530:, November 9, 1914
520:2016-04-05 at the
417:, sealed with the
368:Anglo-Zanzibar War
286:German East Africa
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219:German East Africa
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612:978-0-19-151472-2
553:978-0-19-151472-2
428:Otto von Bismarck
379:Berlin Conference
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16:(Redirected from
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436:Alfred Hugenberg
420:Entente cordiale
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432:Heligoland
403:Kiel Canal
339:Gold Coast
290:Tanganyika
254:Heligoland
227:Kiel Canal
215:Heligoland
43:1890-07-01
515:Helgoland
423:in 1904.
309:, on the
266:North Sea
264:) in the
262:Helgoland
231:North Sea
518:Archived
335:Togoland
301:Wituland
294:Tanzania
223:Zanzibar
194:and the
51:Location
385:". The
351:Nigeria
347:Kamerun
288:(later
278:Namibia
192:Germany
141:Germany
126:Parties
41: (
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389:under
323:Unguja
311:Kenyan
258:German
180:German
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36:Signed
588:JSTOR
450:Notes
343:Ghana
341:(now
327:Pemba
237:Terms
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607:ISBN
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470:ISBN
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