Knowledge (XXG)

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It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Malay in Knowledge (XXG) articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without
1443:
is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, or , and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap or trill . Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous:
1381:
The fricatives are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as ; otherwise it is . The fricative can also be an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.
2493: 2550: 1567:, except that tense occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and lax also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel. 2529: 132: 38: 1504:
in native words in closed final syllables, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loanwords. The diphthongs
924: 2503: 656: 366: 1682: 1648: 1045: 2498: 1654: 2488: 609: 562: 1691: 816: 239: 112: 69: 42: 856: 1768: 1642: 216: 1930: 949: 785: 633: 539: 990: 893: 289: 1423:(alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as 127:) pronunciations in Knowledge (XXG) articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Knowledge (XXG) articles, see 1841: 585: 482: 315: 2362: 2307: 2177: 1958: 1900: 709: 683: 2297: 2055: 1953: 1821: 1746: 1741: 1731: 1018: 2417: 2302: 2000: 1985: 342: 193: 170: 1630:
if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.
2217: 2192: 2127: 1915: 1856: 1763: 1736: 1675: 1577: 1549: 1522: 1505: 1501: 1460: 1440: 1400: 1396: 1352: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1230: 1226: 1204: 1200: 1178: 1174: 1153: 1149: 1128: 1124: 65: 50: 2524: 2447: 506: 412: 389: 79: 2247: 2172: 1975: 1893: 1846: 1773: 1412: 1274: 458: 266: 2432: 2257: 2207: 2132: 2117: 1851: 1783: 1553: 124: 54: 1363:"potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix. 2412: 2292: 2222: 2187: 2147: 2030: 2015: 2010: 1963: 1905: 1836: 1803: 1708: 435: 120: 2427: 2397: 2312: 2287: 2272: 2162: 2137: 2112: 2062: 1990: 1980: 1945: 1940: 1910: 1863: 1831: 1758: 1753: 1713: 1668: 1580:
doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of
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doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of
1332: 1070: 2457: 2437: 2407: 2402: 2392: 2367: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2262: 2242: 2227: 2197: 2167: 2152: 2122: 2107: 2082: 2050: 2035: 1925: 1888: 1878: 1816: 1808: 1788: 1718: 1473: 1437: 1356: 2467: 2462: 2382: 2317: 2252: 2237: 2212: 2202: 2092: 2087: 2077: 2067: 1995: 1935: 1920: 1873: 1798: 1793: 1778: 1726: 1703: 1564: 1508:, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into , respectively, especially in 1340: 139: 2472: 2452: 2442: 2422: 2377: 2372: 2342: 2182: 2102: 2072: 2040: 2005: 1970: 1883: 1868: 1660: 116: 2544: 2387: 2232: 2157: 2020: 2097: 2045: 1348: 732: 128: 1595:. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two. 1533:. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two. 1627: 1560: 1557: 1497: 1105: 150: 2519: 1474:
after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic loanwords
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The pronunciation with the lax allophone or only occurs in Indonesian.
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
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syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa , stress shifts to the
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are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, . There is no
1415:. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. 94: 87: 2512: 2481: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 142:for a more thorough look at the sounds of Malay. 1411:. It is also used between identical vowels in 60:For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 1676: 1588:(for most English dialects) and the vowel of 1529:(for most English dialects) and the vowel of 108:Knowledge (XXG) key to pronunciation of Malay 8: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 111:The charts below show the way in which the 70:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 45:transcriptions of Malay on Knowledge (XXG). 1683: 1669: 1661: 1455: 1453: 1391: 1389: 1387: 2499:Knowledge (XXG) pronunciation respelling 1257: 1103: 763: 148: 2504:Other English pronunciation respellings 1298: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1395:The glottal stop is an allophone of 113:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 7: 2551:International Phonetic Alphabet help 1283:Placed before the stressed syllable 1649:Category:Pages with Indonesian IPA 1472:is an occasional allophone of /a/ 24: 1655:Category:Pages with Malaysian IPA 1273: 1069: 1044: 1017: 989: 948: 923: 892: 855: 815: 784: 731: 708: 682: 655: 632: 608: 584: 561: 538: 505: 481: 457: 434: 411: 388: 365: 341: 314: 288: 265: 238: 215: 192: 169: 1436:In traditional Malay areas, the 64:. For the distinction between , 29: 1692:International Phonetic Alphabet 1447:"paper" may be pronounced or . 2530:Manual of Style: Pronunciation 1622:Stress generally falls on the 1: 1643:Category:Pages with Malay IPA 1339:In final position, they are 1271: 2489:IPA conventions for English 2569: 1241: 1235: 1215: 1209: 1189: 1183: 1164: 1158: 1139: 1133: 1086: 1076: 1058: 1051: 1033: 1024: 1007: 996: 978: 955: 937: 930: 913: 899: 881: 862: 845: 822: 804: 791: 749: 738: 721: 715: 695: 689: 672: 662: 645: 639: 621: 615: 597: 591: 574: 568: 551: 545: 525: 512: 494: 488: 470: 464: 447: 441: 424: 418: 401: 395: 378: 372: 354: 348: 331: 321: 304: 295: 278: 272: 255: 245: 228: 222: 205: 199: 182: 176: 77: 1699: 1459:In Malaysian, word-final 1565:closed final syllables 1118:English approximation 778:English approximation 163:English approximation 1521:The Malay/Indonesian 1463:is often reduced to . 2525:For English speakers 1769:Australian languages 2513:Introductory guides 1554:Indonesian language 1335:, or as in English 1260: 1108: 768: 153: 1258: 1104: 764: 149: 2538: 2537: 1333:Romance languages 1291: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1253: 1252: 1099: 1098: 760: 759: 106: 105: 39:pronunciation key 2558: 2494:English dialects 2178:Mauritian Creole 1931:Franco-Provençal 1901:Emilian-Romagnol 1685: 1678: 1671: 1662: 1631: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1596: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1551: 1547: 1534: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1481: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1448: 1442: 1438:rhotic consonant 1434: 1428: 1419:(meatballs) and 1402: 1398: 1393: 1382: 1379: 1364: 1354: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1277: 1261: 1232: 1228: 1206: 1202: 1180: 1176: 1155: 1151: 1130: 1126: 1109: 1073: 1048: 1021: 993: 952: 927: 896: 859: 819: 788: 769: 735: 712: 686: 659: 636: 612: 588: 565: 542: 509: 485: 461: 438: 415: 392: 369: 345: 318: 292: 269: 242: 219: 196: 173: 154: 145: 144: 97: 90: 67: 33: 32: 26: 2568: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2508: 2477: 2298:Scottish Gaelic 1727:Modern Standard 1695: 1689: 1639: 1634: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1599: 1575: 1571: 1548: 1537: 1520: 1516: 1495: 1484: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1451: 1435: 1431: 1394: 1385: 1380: 1367: 1315: 1300: 1296: 1278: 1233: 1207: 1181: 1156: 1131: 1074: 1049: 1022: 994: 953: 928: 897: 860: 820: 789: 736: 713: 687: 660: 637: 613: 589: 566: 543: 510: 486: 462: 439: 416: 393: 370: 346: 319: 293: 270: 243: 220: 197: 174: 140:Malay phonology 109: 102: 101: 100: 93: 86: 82: 73: 58: 30: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2553: 2543: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2303:Serbo-Croatian 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 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2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2128:Luxembourgish 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 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248: 241: 236: 235: 231: 225: 218: 213: 212: 208: 202: 195: 190: 189: 185: 179: 172: 167: 166: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 147: 146: 143: 141: 136: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 96: 92: 89: 85: 84: 81: 75: 71: 63: 56: 52: 49:establishing 46: 44: 40: 35: 28: 27: 19: 2448:West Frisian 2142: 2025: 1916:Extremaduran 1618: 1591: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1572: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1477: 1468: 1444: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1404: 1360: 1349:glottal stop 1344: 1336: 1331:, as in the 1267:Explanation 1254: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1217: 1211: 1191: 1185: 1166: 1160: 1141: 1135: 1100: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1078: 1060: 1053: 1035: 1029: 1025: 1008: 1002: 998: 980: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 939: 932: 915: 909: 905: 901: 883: 876: 872: 868: 864: 847: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 806: 800: 796: 792: 752: 751: 744: 740: 722: 716: 700: 696: 690: 673: 667: 663: 646: 640: 623: 616: 599: 592: 575: 569: 552: 546: 529: 526: 521: 517: 513: 496: 489: 472: 465: 449: 442: 425: 419: 402: 396: 379: 373: 356: 349: 332: 326: 322: 305: 300: 296: 279: 273: 256: 250: 246: 229: 223: 206: 200: 183: 177: 137: 129:Template:IPA 110: 68:and ⟨⟩, see 37:This is the 36: 2482:Comparisons 2248:Piedmontese 2173:Marshallese 1976:Greenlandic 1894:Old English 1774:Azerbaijani 1624:penultimate 1476:, example: 1329:unaspirated 1220:(uncommon) 1194:(uncommon) 115:represents 2433:Vietnamese 2258:Portuguese 2208:Neapolitan 2133:Macedonian 2118:Lithuanian 2026:Indonesian 1784:Belarusian 1628:antepenult 1576:The Malay 1561:allophones 1498:allophones 1341:unreleased 1106:Diphthongs 299:abis, toko 151:Consonants 125:Indonesian 2413:Ukrainian 2293:Sardinian 2223:Norwegian 2193:Mirandese 2188:Mongolian 2148:Malayalam 2031:Inuktitut 2016:Icelandic 2011:Hungarian 1964:Colognian 1959:Alemannic 1906:Esperanto 1837:Cantonese 1804:Bulgarian 1709:Afrikaans 1550:/e,i,o,u/ 1425:Al Qur'an 1361:kulit ubi 827:rong, kar 121:Malaysian 80:Shortcuts 55:talk page 51:consensus 2545:Category 2428:Venetian 2398:Tigrinya 2313:Sicilian 2288:Sanskrit 2273:Romanian 2138:Malagasy 2113:Ligurian 2063:Japanese 1991:Hawaiian 1981:Gujarati 1954:Standard 1946:Georgian 1941:Galician 1911:Estonian 1864:Corsican 1832:Mandarin 1828:Chinese 1817:Standard 1813:Catalan 1764:Asturian 1759:Assamese 1754:Armenian 1747:Tunisian 1742:Lebanese 1732:Egyptian 1714:Albanian 1637:See also 1347:being a 1115:Examples 1081:lak, buk 1028:pah, bar 775:Examples 697:Scottish 666:aktu, Ja 325:akin, ka 259:estival 160:Examples 95:H:IPA-ID 88:H:IPA-MS 62:Help:IPA 18:Help:IPA 2520:Symbols 2458:Yiddish 2438:Walloon 2408:Turkmen 2403:Turkish 2393:Tibetan 2363:Tai Lue 2358:Tagalog 2353:Sylheti 2348:Swedish 2338:Swahili 2333:Spanish 2328:Sorbian 2323:Slovene 2283:Russian 2278:Romansh 2268:Quechua 2263:Punjabi 2243:Persian 2228:Occitan 2198:Nahuatl 2168:Marathi 2153:Maltese 2123:Lombard 2108:Latvian 2083:Kurdish 2056:Central 2051:Italian 2036:Inupiaq 1950:German 1926:Finnish 1889:English 1842:Hokkien 1822:Insular 1809:Burmese 1789:Bengali 1723:Arabic 1719:Amharic 1506:/ai,au/ 1357:liaison 1243:British 972:h, rump 886:stival 527:Spanish 520:i, pasa 516:aja, da 53:on the 2468:Zhuang 2463:Yoruba 2383:Telugu 2318:Slovak 2253:Polish 2238:Pashto 2213:Nepali 2203:Navajo 2093:Lakota 2088:Kyrgyz 2078:Korean 2068:Kazakh 1996:Hebrew 1936:French 1921:Fijian 1874:Danish 1799:Breton 1794:Berber 1779:Basque 1737:Hejazi 1704:Adyghe 1445:kertas 1421:rakyat 1413:hiatus 839:n, kir 835:h, yak 799:r, buk 766:Vowels 649:ision 249:ikir, 57:first. 2453:Xhosa 2443:Welsh 2423:Uzbek 2378:Tatar 2373:Tamil 2368:Tajik 2343:Swazi 2183:Mayan 2163:Māori 2143:Malay 2103:Latin 2073:Khmer 2041:Irish 2006:Hmong 2001:Hindi 1971:Greek 1884:Dutch 1869:Czech 1857:Xiang 1651:(185) 1645:(124) 1556:have 1502:/i,u/ 1417:bakso 1409:bapak 1353:/b,d/ 1294:Notes 1236:fengs 1095:bout 968:, tuj 960:da, t 831:, pil 809:ther 719:aman 468:aman 448:feeli 445:arai 422:akal 399:akan 352:alah 276:alah 117:Malay 16:< 2473:Zulu 2418:Urdu 2388:Thai 2308:Shan 2233:Odia 2158:Manx 2046:Isan 2021:Igbo 1879:Dari 1694:keys 1527:clay 1510:Java 1496:are 1478:qari 1405:baik 1399:and 1327:are 1190:surv 1184:murb 1052:rump 904:la, 871:h, b 867:k, t 747:yat 743:, ra 739:bapa 725:ero 643:isa 619:ari 595:ari 549:aya 492:ola 428:ote 405:oon 382:ean 376:ama 282:ain 253:isa 226:ari 203:ari 186:eau 180:ola 138:See 131:and 123:and 41:for 2098:Lao 1847:Jin 1657:(8) 1578:/o/ 1563:in 1558:lax 1552:in 1531:get 1523:/e/ 1500:of 1461:/a/ 1441:/r/ 1401:/ɡ/ 1397:/k/ 1325:/k/ 1321:/t/ 1317:/p/ 1264:IPA 1210:sep 1159:cap 1134:kal 1112:IPA 1091:n, 1087:tak 1011:ff 983:le 931:kir 772:IPA 756:oh 693:as 578:oe 572:ak 555:ix 532:ío 475:on 335:es 308:at 232:ob 157:IPA 66:/ / 43:IPA 2547:: 1852:Wu 1600:^ 1592:aw 1586:le 1538:^ 1485:^ 1452:^ 1407:, 1386:^ 1368:^ 1351:. 1323:, 1319:, 1301:^ 1247:ui 1238:ui 1231:uɪ 1229:, 1227:ui 1218:oy 1212:oi 1205:oɪ 1203:, 1201:oi 1192:ey 1186:ei 1179:eɪ 1177:, 1175:ei 1167:ye 1161:ai 1154:aɪ 1152:, 1150:ai 1142:ow 1136:au 1129:aʊ 1127:, 1125:au 1063:t 1061:oo 1056:t 1038:n 1036:oo 1005:n 976:t 942:n 935:m 916:ee 879:k 848:ay 846:cl 843:m 750:uh 701:ch 699:lo 691:kh 676:e 670:a 626:y 624:ch 622:it 610:tʃ 602:y 576:sh 570:sy 499:y 473:ny 471:ca 466:ny 450:ng 443:ng 359:y 329:a 217:dʒ 209:o 135:. 1684:e 1677:t 1670:v 1590:r 1584:o 1582:s 1512:. 1480:. 1427:. 1345:k 1275:ˈ 1245:r 1216:b 1165:b 1140:h 1093:a 1089:e 1083:a 1079:e 1077:g 1071:ə 1059:f 1054:u 1046:ʊ 1034:m 1030:u 1026:u 1019:u 1009:o 1003:o 1001:h 999:o 997:p 991:ɔ 981:o 979:s 974:u 970:u 966:o 964:k 962:o 958:o 956:r 950:o 940:i 938:b 933:i 925:ɪ 914:s 910:i 908:n 906:i 902:i 900:b 894:i 884:e 882:f 877:e 875:b 873:e 869:e 865:e 863:p 857:ɛ 841:i 837:i 833:i 829:e 825:e 823:s 817:e 807:a 805:f 801:a 797:a 795:j 793:a 786:a 753:- 745:k 741:k 733:ʔ 723:z 717:z 710:z 684:x 674:w 668:w 664:w 657:w 647:v 641:v 634:v 617:c 600:t 598:s 593:t 586:t 563:ʃ 553:s 547:s 540:s 530:r 522:r 518:r 514:r 507:r 497:p 495:s 490:p 483:p 459:ɲ 436:ŋ 426:n 420:n 413:n 403:m 397:m 390:m 380:l 374:l 367:l 357:k 355:s 350:k 343:k 333:y 327:y 323:y 316:j 306:h 301:h 297:h 290:h 280:g 274:g 267:ɡ 257:f 251:v 247:f 240:f 230:j 224:j 207:d 201:d 194:d 184:b 178:b 171:b 119:( 72:.

Index

Help:IPA
pronunciation key
IPA
consensus
talk page
Help:IPA
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
Shortcuts
H:IPA-MS
H:IPA-ID
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Malay
Malaysian
Indonesian
Template:IPA
Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
Malay phonology
Consonants
b
d

f
ɡ
h
j
k
l
m
n
ŋ

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