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example, is understood to have points Two and Four as their wing types. The circle of the enneagram figure may indicate that the types or points exist on a spectrum rather than as distinct types or points unrelated to those adjacent to them. A person may be understood, therefore, to have a core type and one or two wing types which influence but do not change the core type. Empirical research into the wing concept by
Anthony Edwards did not support the hypothesis. Related to, but not the same, as the wing concept is Ichazo's viewpoint involving the active, attractive, and function forces. According to him, the type is made from a starting point, referred to as the active force. In turn, the type is also led with an attractive force. This ends with the "function", where the result is the formation of a type in between the two. Naranjo said about the wings that a person "can easily see" their primary type as being between its adjacent wings.
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called "intimacy" or "one-to-one"), and "social". On the instinctual level, people may internally stress and externally express the need to protect themselves (self-preservation), to connect with important others or partners (sexual), or to get along or succeed in groups (social). From this perspective, there are 27 distinct personality patterns, because people of each of the nine types also express themselves as one of the three subtypes. An alternative approach to the subtypes understands them as three domains or clusters of instincts which result in increased probability of survival (the "preserving" domain), increased skill in navigating the social environment (the "navigating" domain), and increased likelihood of reproductive success (the "transmitting" domain). From this understanding the subtypes reflect individual differences in the presence of these three separate clusters of instincts.
933:' Committee on Doctrine produced a draft report on the origins of the Enneagram to aid bishops in their evaluation of its use in their dioceses. The report identified aspects of the intersection between the Enneagram and Roman Catholicism which, in their opinion, warranted scrutiny with potential areas of concern, stating, "While the enneagram system shares little with traditional Christian doctrine or spirituality, it also shares little with the methods and criteria of modern science ... The burden of proof is on proponents of the enneagram to furnish scientific evidence for their claims." Partly in response to
817:" as taught by G. I. Gurdjieff. These three centers are traditionally known as the intellectual, emotional, and instinctual centers. Although each person is understood to always have all three centers active in their personality structure, certain personality issues are more associated with one of the centers depending on a person's dominant type pattern. In Enneagram of Personality teachings each of these centers has a more particular or stronger association with one of the triads of personality types as follows:
926:, the Enneagram was among five psychological treatments and tests which were rated by at least 25% of them as being discredited for personality assessment. Experts familiar with the Enneagram rated it with a mean score of 4.14 (3.37 in the first round of the study) which is approximately an equivalent to the option "probably discredited" (3 = possibly discredited, 4 = probably discredited, 5 = certainly discredited).
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contribute to a person's overall personality. From this viewpoint, therefore, at least four other points affect a person's overall personality; the two points connected by the lines to the core type and the two wing points. The earlier teachings about the connecting lines are now rejected or modified by
Enneagram teachers, including Claudio Naranjo who developed them.
218:(1931–2020) is credited as the principal source of the contemporary Enneagram of Personality which is largely derived from parts of Ichazo's teachings, such as those on ego-fixations, holy ideas, passions, and virtues. The Bolivian-born Ichazo began teaching programs of self-development in the 1950s. His teaching, which he called "
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Each of the personality types is understood as having three "instinctual subtypes". These subtypes are believed to be formed according to which one of three instinctual energies of a person is dominantly developed and expressed. The instinctual energies are called "self-preservation", "sexual" (also
836:
Most, but not all, Enneagram of
Personality enthusiasts teach that a person's basic type is modified, at least to some extent, by the personality dynamics of the two adjacent types as indicated on the enneagram figure. These two types are called "wings". A person with the Three personality type, for
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is composed of three parts; a circle, an inner triangle (connecting 3-6-9), and an irregular hexagonal "periodic figure" (connecting 1-4-2-8-5-7). According to esoteric spiritual traditions, the circle symbolizes unity, the inner triangle symbolizes the "law of three" and the hexagram represents the
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and to his students in
Berkeley, California. Two of his students were Jesuit priests who later adapted the Enneagram for use in Christian spirituality within programs at Loyola University in Chicago. Ichazo originally strongly objected to the Enneagram teachings of Naranjo and other teachers due to
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For some
Enneagram theorists the lines connecting the points add further meaning to the information provided by the descriptions of the types. Sometimes called the "security" and "stress" points, or points of "integration" and "disintegration", some theorists believe these connected points also
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characteristics) are used instead. Various labels for each type are commonly used by different authors and teachers. The "stress" and "security" points (sometimes referred to as the "disintegration" and "integration" points) are the types connected by the lines of the enneagram figure and are
914:
version of the Riso-Hudson
Enneagram Type Indicator (scores on one dimension decrease scores on another dimension) had troubles with validity, whereas the non-ipsative version of the test has been found to have better internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It was found that 87% of
195:("deadly thoughts") plus an overarching thought he called "love of self". Evagrius wrote that "The first thought of all is that of love of self ; after this, the eight." In addition to identifying eight deadly thoughts, Evagrius also identified eight "remedies" to these thoughts.
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contexts through seminars, conferences, books, magazines, and DVDs. In business contexts, it is often promoted as a means to gain insights into workplace interpersonal dynamics; in spirituality it is commonly presented as a path to states of enlightenment and
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believed to influence a person in an adverse or relaxed circumstance. According to this hypothesis, someone with a primary One type, for example, may begin to think, feel, and act more like someone with a Four type when stressed or a Seven type when relaxed.
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and is the only known source for the geometric figure. He did not develop the nine personality types associated with the
Enneagram of Personality. Instead, Gurdjieff used the enneagram figure for various other purposes, including sacred dances known as the
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The table below offers an outline of the principal characteristics of the nine types along with their basic relationships. This table expands upon Oscar Ichazo's ego fixations, holy ideas, passions, and virtues primarily using material from
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The nine
Enneagram personality type patterns are grouped into various triads of three types in which each of the types have multiple common personality issues. The most well-known of these triad groupings is also associated with the three
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Naranjo's teachings became increasingly popular in the United States and elsewhere from the 1970s. Numerous other authors also published books on the
Enneagram of Personality in the 1980s and 1990s. Those authors included
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Ichazo has disowned
Naranjo, Palmer and the other Jesuit writers on the Enneagram on the grounds that his descriptions of the nine types represent ego fixations that develop in early childhood in response to
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The emotional center is particularly associated with types 2, 3, and 4. People with one of these dominant type patterns are largely motivated by "feeling" and "image" issues related to anxiety and depression.
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The origins and history of ideas associated with the Enneagram of Personality are disputed. Contemporary approaches are principally derived from the teachings of the Bolivian psycho-spiritual teacher
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226:- which was originally based in Chile before moving to the United States in the 1970s - and coined the term "Enneagram of Personality" (which he originally called the "Enneagon of Personality").
136:, which indicate some of the principal connections between the types. There have been different schools of thought among Enneagram teachers and their understandings are not always in agreement.
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included the Enneagram in a list of pseudoscientific theories that "can't be tested because they are so vague and malleable that anything relevant can be shoehorned to fit the theory".
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and Russ Hudson who developed the Riso–Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI) in 1993. Their research focused on constructing it as a personality measurement instrument. The RHETI has
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The intellectual center is particularly associated with types 5, 6, and 7. People with one of these dominant type patterns are largely motivated by "thinking" issues related to fear.
232:(1932–2019) learned the Enneagram of Personality from Ichazo in 1970 and then developed and taught his own understanding of the Enneagram in the United States, principally at the
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The instinctual center is particularly associated with types 8, 9, and 1. People with one of these dominant type patterns are largely motivated by "gut" issues related to anger.
1785:"A psychometric evaluation of the Riso-Hudson Type Indicator (RHETI), Version 2.5: Comparison of ipsative and non-ipsative versions and correlations with spiritual outcomes"
344:. Other theorists may disagree on some aspects. The types are normally referred to by their numbers, but sometimes their "characteristic roles" (which refers to distinctive
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and was later renamed the Essential Enneagram Test. This assessment was employed to conduct various research studies, including on the personalities of identical twins.
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due to their subjectivity and inability to be tested scientifically, and described as "an assessment method of no demonstrated reliability or validity". In 2011, the
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The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality are matters of dispute. Similar ideas to the Enneagram of Personality are found in the work of
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As a typology, the Enneagram defines nine personality types (sometimes called "enneatypes"), which are represented by the points of a geometric figure called an
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Analysis of Google search results over 16 years shows an increase in searches for the word "enneagram" from 2017. Additionally, social media accounts and
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171:. Though the Enneagram integrates some concepts that parallel other theories of personality, it has been dismissed by personality assessment experts as
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said that the Enneagram "when used as a means of spiritual growth introduces an ambiguity in the doctrine and the life of the Christian faith".
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is the repeating decimal created by dividing one by seven in base 10 arithmetic). These three elements constitute the usual enneagram figure.
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It is believed that people function in all three forms of instinctual energies, but one instinct will be more well-developed and dominant.
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and members of other religious orders teaching a Christian understanding of the Enneagram of Personality, a 2003 Vatican document called
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individuals were able to accurately predict their Enneagram type (before taking the test) by being read descriptions of each type.
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A 2020 review of Enneagram empirical work found mixed results for the model's reliability and validity. The study noted that the
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2031:, Draft from the U.S. bishops' Secretariat for Doctrine and Pastoral Practices, 10 October 2000, corrected 23 October 2001
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A 2002 review of validation studies of various Enneagram tests found guarded support for their reliability and validity.
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While Enneagram teachings have attained a degree of popularity, they have been categorized by many professionals as a
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266:(1995). In 1994, the First International Enneagram Conference, attended by around 1,400 participants, was held at
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1084:; Abrams, Mike; Dengelegi Abrams, Lidia (2008). "Religious, New Age, and Traditional Approaches to Personality".
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1601:"Clipping the Wings Off the Enneagram: A Study of People's Perceptions of A Ninefold Personality Typology",
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Harmless, W.; Fitzgerald, R.R. (2001). "The saphhire light of the mind: The Skemmata of Evagrius Ponticus".
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Wiltse, V.; Palmer, H. (July 2011). "Hidden in plain sight: Observations on the origin of the Enneagram".
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2012:
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The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
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298:. It has been suggested that the rise in popularity of the Enneagram parallels a renewed interest in
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from the 1970s. Naranjo's theories were also influenced by earlier teachings about personality by
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Hook, Joshua N.; Hall, Todd W.; Davis, Don E.; Tongeren, Daryl R. Van; Conner, Mackenzie (2021).
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152:. Proponents in both contexts say it has aided in self-awareness, self-understanding, and
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1960:"The Enneagram: A systematic review of the literature and directions for future research"
2072:"Jesus Christ, the Bearer of the Water of Life. A Christian Reflection on the 'New Age'"
1515:
Understanding the Enneagram: The Practical Guide to Personality Types, revised addition.
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1022:"Strong's Greek: 1121. γράμμα (gramma) -- that which is drawn or written, i.e. a letter"
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New age: a guide : alternative spiritualities from Aquarian conspiracy to Next Age
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222:", uses the enneagram figure among several other symbols and ideas. Ichazo founded the
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Jesus Christ, the Bearer of the Water of Life. A Christian Reflection on the 'New Age'
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1999:
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Thyer, Dr Bruce A.; Pignotti, Monica (2015). "Pseudoscience in Clinical Assessment".
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The Enneagram has also received criticism from religious perspectives. In 2000, the
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Enneagram type indicator tests have been developed by prominent teachers, such as
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1759:"The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator: Estimates of Reliability and Validity"
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2081:, Pontifical Council for Culture, Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
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3390:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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1991:
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what he considered their misinterpretations and misuses of the Enneagram.
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1562:
The Human Process For Enlightenment and Freedom: A Series of Five Lectures
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about the Enneagram have increased, indicating a growing popularity among
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Discovering your personality type : the new enneagram questionnnaire
922:
of 101 doctoral-level members of psychological organizations such as the
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1793:. DAI-B 70/07. Baltimore, Maryland: Loyola College In Maryland: 4524.
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Understanding the Enneagram; the practical guide to personality types
1499:
Understanding the Enneagram: The Practical Guide to Personality Types
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523:
503:
387:
330:
Understanding the Enneagram: The Practical Guide to Personality Types
2047:. Western Mystery Tradition Series (revised, illustrated ed.).
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2296:
479:
432:
70:
274:
where psychiatrist, Enneagram author, and conference co-director
2307:
1871:
Newgent, Rebecca A.; Parr, Patricia E.; Newman, Isadore (2002).
1855:"Personality Differentiation of Identical Twins Reared Together"
1229:"Why one popular personality test is "pseudoscientific at best""
744:
656:
567:
2311:
2013:"Discredited psychological treatments and tests: A Delphi poll"
2223:
The Enneagram: Understanding Yourself and Others in Your Life
1391:"The Enneagram is having a moment. You can thank millennials"
967: – Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
877:
The Stanford Enneagram Discovery Inventory was developed by
2759:
2161:
The Enneagram of Passions and Virtues: Finding the Way Home
1763:
Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development
59:
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
42:
2044:
Hidden Wisdom: A Guide to the Western Inner Traditions
1783:
Giordano, Mary Ann Elizabeth; Piedmont, Ralph (2010).
1184:
Thyer, Dr Bruce A.; Pignotti, Monica (15 May 2015).
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3333:
3160:
2993:
2923:
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979: – Branch of psychology focused on personality
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2183:Transformation Through Insight: Enneatypes in Life
2137:
2095:
1496:
1467:
1211:"The Enneagram: A Primer for Psychiatry Residents"
874:value but minimal scientific research conducted.
201:(died 1949) is credited with first using the word
1897:Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice
1877:. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas.
1215:American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal
1187:Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice
139:The Enneagram of Personality is promoted in both
127:tradition in the first half of the 20th century.
2029:"A brief Report on the Origins of the Enneagram"
1822:Stanford Enneagram Discovery Inventory and Guide
973: – Non-scientific personality questionnaire
100:which is principally understood and taught as a
1337:"International Enneagram Association - History"
2017:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
187:, a Christian mystic who lived in 4th-century
167:that has been done is not accepted within the
2348:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2323:
741:Thinking they are completely self-sufficient
8:
1742:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1429:"The Theory of Process and The Law of Seven"
985: – Big Five personality trait inventory
931:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
785:Avoiding conflicts, avoiding self-assertion
115:from the 1950s and the Chilean psychiatrist
2291:International Enneagram Association website
2202:Character and Neurosis: An Integrative View
1544:What Type Am I: Discover Who You Really Are
1190:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 49.
1086:Personality theories: critical perspectives
26:
2459:
2330:
2316:
2308:
1019:, meaning something "written" or "drawn")
609:Replacing direct experience with concepts
3456:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
3397:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1644:Wagner Enneagram Personality Style Scales
1590:Wagner Enneagram Personality Style Scales
738:To gain influence and be self-sufficient
603:Helplessness, incapability, incompetence
564:To overuse imagination in search of self
2261:Riso, Don Richard; Hudson, Russ (2000).
2242:Riso, Don Richard; Hudson, Russ (1999).
2019:, Volume 37, Issue 5, 2006, pp. 515–522.
1757:Newgent, Rebeca, Rebeca (January 2004),
1670:The Spiritual Dimension of the Enneagram
1495:Riso, Don Richard; Hudson, Russ (2000).
1121:
1119:
1117:
351:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
3361:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
1129:Encyclopedia of new religious movements
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
994:
697:Thinking fulfillment is somewhere else
653:Indecision, doubt, seeking reassurance
28:
1934:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 306.
1735:
1682:"The Instincts: Taking a Broader View"
1953:
1951:
1555:
1553:
1384:
1382:
1380:
691:Being unfulfilled, trapped, deprived
520:Pushing self to always be "the best"
7:
1258:"The Enneagram - A History (Part 1)"
1251:
1249:
1037:
1035:
961: – Self-report personality test
191:in Egypt. Evagrius identified eight
2041:Richard Smoley, Jay Kinney (2006).
1928:Carroll, Robert (11 January 2011).
1874:The Enneagram: trends in validation
735:Being controlled, harmed, violated
558:Having no identity or significance
163:analysis of the Enneagram, and the
3410:James Randi Educational Foundation
1227:Sloat, Sarah (28 September 2020).
924:American Psychological Association
647:Being without support or guidance
417:Corruptness, imbalance, being bad
272:university's psychiatry department
57:
1790:ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
983:Revised NEO Personality Inventory
2807:Strauss–Howe generational theory
2785:Moon landing conspiracy theories
2582:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
1765:, vol. 36, pp. 226–237
1389:Gerber, Marisa (22 April 2020).
1256:Brandon Medina (17 April 2019).
779:Loss, fragmentation, separation
3435:The Natural History of Quackery
3377:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1603:Social Behavior and Personality
258:(1988), Eli Jaxon-Bear (1989),
2119:Conversations on the Enneagram
1964:Journal of Clinical Psychology
1657:The Enneagram in Love and Work
159:There has been limited formal
1:
2136:Goldberg, Michael J. (1999).
1503:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1359:"To Find Self, Take A Number"
808:Three triads of type patterns
650:To have support and guidance
420:Goodness, integrity, balance
169:relevant academic communities
3442:The Psychology of the Occult
2697:Traditional Chinese medicine
2572:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
2429:Superseded scientific theory
2269:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
1718:Richard., Riso, Don (1995).
1470:Interviews with Oscar Ichazo
694:To be satisfied and content
3053:Electronic voice phenomenon
2910:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
2770:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
1706:The Wisdom of the Enneagram
971:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
965:Big Five personality traits
881:professor David Daniels at
336:and Russ Hudson as well as
3511:
3449:The Ragged Edge of Science
3180:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3123:Pseudoscientific metrology
2647:Miracle Mineral Supplement
2117:Gilbert, Eleonora (2015).
1905:10.1891/9780826177698.0002
1529:Transpersonal Psychologies
1341:internationalenneagram.org
1296:10.1177/004056390106200303
1161:Edinburgh University Press
1088:. SAGE. pp. 529–576.
1008:
1002:
597:Omniscience, Transparency
561:To be uniquely themselves
342:Transpersonal Psychologies
61:
3063:Facilitated communication
2345:
2200:Naranjo, Claudio (1994).
2144:. Marlowe & Company.
1615:Naranjo, Claudio (1994).
1527:T. Tart, Charles (1977).
1474:. Arica Institute Press.
1217:, March 6, 2020, pp. 2–5.
1094:10.4135/9781452231617.n17
782:Wholeness, peace of mind
3463:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3021:Biological transmutation
2941:Faster-than-light travel
2915:Enneagram of Personality
2881:Recovered-memory therapy
2765:9/11 conspiracy theories
2301:The Skeptic's Dictionary
1132:. Taylor & Francis.
633:Loyalist, Loyal Skeptic
544:Individualist, Romantic
403:Reformer, Perfectionist
315:"law of seven" (because
270:and co-sponsored by the
83:Enneagram of Personality
39:latest accepted revision
3428:The Demon-Haunted World
3346:Bourgeois pseudoscience
2780:COVID-19 misinformation
2719:Young blood transfusion
2490:Anthroposophic medicine
2244:Wisdom of the Enneagram
2204:. Gateways/IDHHB, Inc.
2159:Maitri, Sandra (2005).
2098:The Essential Enneagram
2094:Daniels, David (2000).
1819:Daniels, David (1998).
1724:. Houghton Mifflin Co.
1631:Wisdom of the Enneagram
1577:Wisdom of the Enneagram
955: – American writer
815:centers of intelligence
606:Mastery, understanding
589:Investigator, Observer
470:To feel worthy of love
392:Stress/ Disintegration
104:of nine interconnected
3490:Personality typologies
3260:Corentin Louis Kervran
3128:Rapid prompting method
3016:Biodynamic agriculture
3006:Aquatic ape hypothesis
2864:Historical negationism
2567:Doctrine of signatures
2434:True-believer syndrome
2227:. HarperSanFrancisco.
2219:Palmer, Helen (1991).
2077:1 October 2013 at the
1617:Character and Neurosis
1466:Ichazo, Oscar (1982).
1126:Clarke, Peter (2004).
1001:(from the Greek words
977:Personality psychology
892:Research and criticism
721:Challenger, Protector
395:Security/ Integration
165:peer-reviewed research
78:
3265:The Light (newspaper)
3250:William Donald Kelley
3143:Voice stress analysis
2775:Climate change denial
2714:Wind turbine syndrome
2709:Vertebral subluxation
2602:Germ theory denialism
1605:, 19 (1) 11-20, 1991.
1319:The Enneagram Journal
765:Peacemaker, Mediator
332:(revised edition) by
74:
3485:Fourth Way enneagram
3255:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
3215:Ignatius L. Donnelly
2886:Past life regression
2745:Arabian Judah theory
2692:Traditional medicine
2485:Alternative medicine
2414:Pathological science
2121:. Cherry Red Books.
1347:on 25 November 2012.
1153:Kemp, Daren (2004).
1043:"Enneagram Archives"
862:Type indicator tests
850:Instinctual subtypes
677:Enthusiast, Epicure
575:(Emotional Balance)
500:Achiever, Performer
358:Characteristic role
62:For other uses, see
3351:Demarcation problem
3185:Brigitte Boisselier
2814:Hollow Earth theory
2797:Generational theory
2495:Applied kinesiology
1691:, by Mario Sikora,
1687:7 July 2011 at the
1447:Enneagram Made Easy
1365:. 11 September 1994
1284:Theological Studies
1262:Theology Think Tank
905:Robert Todd Carroll
883:Stanford University
685:Plan, Work, Wisdom
268:Stanford University
210:Gurdjieff movements
141:business management
29:Page version status
3421:Skeptical Inquirer
3320:Paul Joseph Watson
3295:Hans Alfred Nieper
3133:Statement analysis
3083:Intelligent design
2958:Reactionless drive
2792:Conversion therapy
2740:Ancient astronauts
2627:Leaky gut syndrome
2607:HIV/AIDS denialism
2362:Cargo cult science
1976:10.1002/jclp.23097
1899:. pp. 33–74.
1047:The Career Project
959:16PF Questionnaire
902:scientific skeptic
79:
35:
18:Helper (Enneagram)
3472:
3471:
3383:Cults of Unreason
3356:Scientific method
3285:Ministry of Ayush
3230:Nicholas Gonzalez
3156:
3155:
3093:Law of attraction
3073:Flat Earth theory
2953:Quantum mysticism
2893:Scientific racism
2849:Pseudoarchaeology
2755:Conspiracy theory
2453:characterized as
2397:Pseudomathematics
2387:Pseudoarchaeology
2140:9 Ways of Working
2128:978-1-909454-34-7
2058:978-0-8356-0844-2
1941:978-1-118-04563-3
1914:978-0-8261-7768-1
1693:Enneagram Monthly
1510:978-0-618-00415-7
1481:978-0-916-55403-3
1395:Los Angeles Times
1170:978-0-7486-1532-2
1103:978-1-4129-7062-4
805:
804:
517:To feel valuable
185:Evagrius Ponticus
106:personality types
16:(Redirected from
3502:
3325:Andrew Wakefield
3026:Creation science
2985:Water-fueled car
2947:Perpetual motion
2869:Holocaust denial
2839:Nibiru cataclysm
2834:Nazi archaeology
2637:Macrobiotic diet
2460:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2309:
2304:
2280:
2268:
2257:
2238:
2226:
2215:
2196:
2179:Naranjo, Claudio
2174:
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1343:. Archived from
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999:
868:Don Richard Riso
841:Connecting lines
473:Deny own needs,
467:Being unlovable
352:
334:Don Richard Riso
312:enneagram figure
286:
283:
260:Elizabeth Wagele
257:
254:
243:Don Richard Riso
234:Esalen Institute
154:self-development
121:George Gurdjieff
91:pseudoscientific
85:, or simply the
76:Enneagram figure
47:8 September 2024
21:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3365:
3341:Bogdanov affair
3329:
3309:Claude Vorilhon
3195:Robert Charroux
3170:Sucharit Bhakdi
3162:
3152:
2989:
2919:
2859:Genocide denial
2824:Japhetic theory
2819:Indigo children
2735:2012 phenomenon
2723:
2667:Patent medicine
2587:Energy medicine
2560:Colon cleansing
2545:Crystal healing
2480:Adrenal fatigue
2454:
2452:
2445:
2350:
2341:
2336:
2295:
2287:
2277:
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2199:
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2158:
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2110:
2093:
2090:
2088:Further reading
2085:
2079:Wayback Machine
2070:
2066:
2059:
2051:. p. 229.
2040:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
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1894:
1887:
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1833:
1825:. Mind Garden.
1818:
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1689:Wayback Machine
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1560:Ichazo, Oscar.
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325:
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230:Claudio Naranjo
224:Arica Institute
199:G. I. Gurdjieff
181:
117:Claudio Naranjo
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60:
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3335:
3334:Related topics
3331:
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3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Randolph Stone
3312:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:Theodor Morell
3287:
3282:
3280:Joseph Mercola
3277:
3275:Jenny McCarthy
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Graham Hancock
3237:
3235:Goop (company)
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Vernon Coleman
3207:
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2977:
2975:Teleportation
2972:
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2903:Melanin theory
2900:
2890:
2889:
2888:
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2873:
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2866:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2844:Parapsychology
2841:
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2728:Social science
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2706:
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2689:
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2677:Primal therapy
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2642:Magnet therapy
2639:
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2609:
2604:
2599:
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2589:
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2555:Detoxification
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2443:
2440:Voodoo Science
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Fringe science
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2285:External links
2283:
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2185:. Hohm Press.
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1970:(4): 865–883.
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1672:, pp. 263–264.
1661:
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1546:. p. 162.
1542:Baron, Renee.
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1290:(3): 498–529.
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3507:
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3495:Pseudoscience
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3404:Fortean Times
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3200:Deepak Chopra
3198:
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3163:pseudoscience
3159:
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3031:Cryptozoology
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3019:
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3009:
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2999:
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2937:
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2931:Anti-gravity
2929:
2928:
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2854:Pseudohistory
2852:
2850:
2847:
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2842:
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2837:
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2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
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2817:
2815:
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2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Generationism
2800:
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2786:
2783:
2781:
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2763:
2761:
2760:5G conspiracy
2758:
2757:
2756:
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2751:
2750:Catastrophism
2748:
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2736:
2733:
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2597:FasciaBlaster
2595:
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2570:
2568:
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2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
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2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Correactology
2533:
2531:
2530:Chromotherapy
2528:
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2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
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2508:
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2503:
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2478:
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2455:pseudoscience
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2398:
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2393:
2392:Pseudohistory
2390:
2388:
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2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:Fringe theory
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
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2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2339:Pseudoscience
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2319:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
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2276:0-618-00415-7
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2259:
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2253:0-553-37820-1
2249:
2245:
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2230:
2225:
2224:
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2162:
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2109:0-06-251676-0
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2102:. HarperOne.
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1916:
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1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:. p. 20.
1618:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1564:. p. 64.
1563:
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1416:The Enneagram
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1082:Ellis, Albert
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1070:
1068:
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1064:
1060:
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1032:
1027:
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898:pseudoscience
891:
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849:
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555:Authenticity
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373:Basic desire
372:
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361:Ego fixation
360:
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350:
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322:
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318:
317:1-4-2-8-5-7-1
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301:
297:
293:
288:
284:
277:
276:David Daniels
273:
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220:Protoanalysis
217:
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178:
176:
174:
173:pseudoscience
170:
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146:
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137:
135:
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128:
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118:
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109:
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99:
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92:
88:
84:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3270:Mike Lindell
3190:Rhonda Byrne
3161:Promoters of
3148:Water memory
3088:Laundry ball
2980:Tractor beam
2936:Cold fusion
2914:
2632:Lunar effect
2577:Ear candling
2525:Chiropractic
2515:Bloodletting
2505:Bates method
2475:Aromatherapy
2438:
2404:Junk science
2300:
2264:
2243:
2222:
2201:
2182:
2160:
2139:
2118:
2097:
2067:
2043:
2036:
2024:
2016:
2008:
1967:
1963:
1930:
1923:
1896:
1883:
1873:
1866:
1849:
1821:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1767:, retrieved
1762:
1752:
1720:
1713:
1708:, pp. 70–71.
1705:
1700:
1695:, June 2007.
1692:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1633:, pp. 87–88.
1630:
1625:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1498:
1490:
1469:
1461:
1449:, pp. 1–11.
1446:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:
1367:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1345:the original
1340:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1186:
1179:
1155:
1148:
1128:
1107:
1085:
1050:. Retrieved
1046:
1025:
1015:
997:
953:A. H. Almaas
938:
928:
917:
909:
895:
887:
876:
865:
857:
853:
844:
835:
811:
529:Truthfulness
475:manipulation
341:
338:Charles Tart
329:
326:
309:
289:
264:Richard Rohr
262:(1994), and
247:Helen Palmer
239:
228:
216:Oscar Ichazo
214:
202:
197:
192:
182:
161:psychometric
158:
145:spirituality
138:
131:
129:
113:Oscar Ichazo
110:
98:human psyche
86:
82:
80:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
3175:Del Bigtree
2662:Panchagavya
2652:Naturopathy
2520:Body memory
2470:Acupuncture
2355:Terminology
2297:"enneagram"
2163:. Tarcher.
2049:Quest Books
1804:27 December
1769:23 December
1238:16 February
920:Delphi poll
511:Efficiency
414:Perfection
411:Perfection
370:Basic fear
296:millennials
279: [
250: [
3479:Categories
3415:Quackwatch
3245:David Icke
3225:Max Gerson
3220:Gaia, Inc.
3108:Numerology
3103:Lysenkoism
3098:Levitation
3078:Graphology
2963:Dean drive
2898:Aryan race
2829:Mediumship
2704:Trepanning
2672:Phrenology
2612:Homeopathy
2510:Biorhythms
2409:Paranormal
2246:. Bantam.
1730:1033638302
1400:21 October
1325:(1): 4–37.
1075:"Page 569"
990:References
879:psychiatry
618:Detachment
593:Stinginess
573:Equanimity
548:Melancholy
508:Hope, Law
407:Resentment
384:/ Passion
377:Temptation
364:Holy idea
346:archetypal
323:Nine types
189:Alexandria
125:Fourth Way
3370:Resources
3300:Mehmet Oz
3118:Polygraph
3068:Feng shui
3036:Dianetics
3011:Astrology
2876:Pseudolaw
2682:Radionics
2657:Palmistry
2622:Iridology
2424:Snake oil
2367:Charlatan
2000:229316947
1984:1097-4679
1889:"Page 64"
1799:463479495
1738:cite book
1592:, p. 2.6.
1433:rahul.net
1304:170609824
872:heuristic
769:Indolence
750:Innocence
725:Vengeance
688:Idealism
644:Security
637:Cowardice
600:Observer
424:Hypocrisy
300:astrology
204:enneagram
133:enneagram
87:Enneagram
64:Enneagram
3058:Eugenics
3041:Auditing
2617:Humorism
2592:Fad diet
2540:Cryonics
2500:Ayurveda
2463:Medicine
2419:Quackery
2181:(1997).
2075:Archived
1992:33332604
1841:42860688
1685:Archived
1668:Maitri,
1659:, p. 29.
1655:Palmer,
1646:, p. 30.
1642:Wagner,
1588:Wagner,
1579:, p. 19.
1445:Wagele,
1418:, p. 36.
1414:Palmer,
1363:Newsweek
1267:18 April
1052:18 April
947:See also
912:ipsative
732:Justice
706:Sobriety
701:Gluttony
681:Planning
485:Humility
464:Freedom
457:Flattery
438:Serenity
292:podcasts
282:Wikidata
253:Wikidata
245:(1987),
193:logismoi
123:and the
102:typology
43:reviewed
3205:Clonaid
3138:Ufology
3048:Dowsing
3001:Alchemy
2968:EMDrive
2924:Physics
2550:Cupping
2451:Topics
1233:Inverse
1109:trauma.
935:Jesuits
776:Seeker
662:Courage
613:Avarice
552:Origin
179:History
150:essence
96:of the
89:, is a
3113:Orgone
2273:
2250:
2231:
2208:
2189:
2167:
2148:
2125:
2106:
2055:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1938:
1911:
1839:
1829:
1797:
1728:
1704:Riso,
1629:Riso,
1575:Riso,
1507:
1478:
1453:
1369:9 July
1302:
1194:
1167:
1136:
1100:
1016:grámma
1010:γράμμα
794:Action
729:Truth
641:Faith
524:Deceit
504:Vanity
388:Virtue
306:Figure
2994:Other
2687:Reiki
2372:Crank
1996:S2CID
1858:(PDF)
1300:S2CID
1004:ἐννέα
918:In a
832:Wings
789:Sloth
773:Love
480:Pride
433:Anger
367:Trap
355:Type
285:]
256:]
94:model
3305:Raël
2271:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2187:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1988:PMID
1980:ISSN
1936:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1837:OCLC
1827:ISBN
1806:2010
1795:OCLC
1771:2010
1744:link
1726:OCLC
1505:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1402:2021
1371:2022
1269:2023
1240:2021
1192:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1054:2023
1007:and
745:Lust
657:Fear
568:Envy
382:Vice
310:The
143:and
81:The
1972:doi
1901:doi
1893:in
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1090:doi
1079:in
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