300:. The entries in 812 begin with mention of the situation in Denmark. "Not much later the news arrived that Hemming, king of the Danes had died. Sigifrid, the nephew of King Godofrid, and Anulo, the nephew of Heriold and of the former king, both wished to succeed him. Being unable to agree on who should be king, they raised troops, fought a battle, and were both killed. The party of Anulo won, however, and made his brothers Heriold and Reginfrid their kings. The defeated party out of necessity had to go along with Anulo's party and did not reject the brothers as their kings. They say that ten thousand nine hundred and forty men died in that battle." Heriold, usually translated Harald, this man was
184:
Anulo, and to the siblings of Anulo. Adam of Bremen considered
Sigifrid and Anulo to be members of the same family, identifying both as nephews of Gudfred. The relation does not appear in the Royal Annals. However, there is an obscure phrase of the Annals which could support the relation. "Anulo, the nephew of Heriold and of the former king". The vague Latin phrase "Herioldi, et ipsius regis" has been translated variously as "Harald, and the king himself" and "Harald, previous king".
276:"The nobles of the Frankish side were Count Walach, son of Bernard, Count Burchard, Count Unroch, Count Odo, Count Meginhard, Count Bernard, Count Egbert, Count Theothari, Count Abo, Count Osdag, and Count Wigman. On the Danish side there were Hankwin and Angandeo, Hemming's brothers, and in addition, other men distinguished among this people: Osfrid nicknamed Turdimulo, Warstein, Suomi, Urm, another Osfrid, son of Heiligen, and Osfrid of Schonen, and Hebbi and Aowin.
42:
257:
between the emperor and
Hemming, the king of the Danes, was only sworn on arms because of the severity of the winter, which closed the road for traveling between the parties. Only with the return of spring and the opening of the roads, which had been closed because of harsh frost, did twelve magnates of each party and people, that is of
175:
Another nephew of
Gudfred, Reginold, is mentioned in the Royal Frankish Annals. He is also identified as son to an unnamed brother of Gudfred. He could be a sibling to Hemming. Assuming Gudfred had more than one sibling, Hemming and Reginold could also be paternal first cousins. Reginold appears in
256:
The last entry for year 810 mentions "After the death of
Godofrid, king of the Danes, Hemming, the son of his brother, succeeded to his throne and made peace with the emperor." The entries for 811 include detailed accounts of the negotiations between Hemming and Charlemagne. "The peace announced
183:
Hemming had two siblings identified in the Annals, Hankwin and
Angandeo. Sigifrid, one of his two rival successors on the throne, is also mentioned as a nephew of Gudfred. He could also be either a sibling or cousin to Hemming. Less clear is the relation of Hemming to the other rival successor,
347:. When at length, by the dispensation of Heaven, Gudfred died, Hemming, his cousin, succeeded and soon made peace with the emperor, accepting the Eider River as the boundary of the kingdom." The term used in Latin was "patruelis" which would mean a paternal cousin.
167:
considers
Hemming and Gudfred to be "patruelis", paternal cousins. Gudfred had several sons who served as co-rulers of the Danes. However, they are typically called "sons of Gudfred" without mention of their names or personal histories. The sole exception was
180:. Gudfred reportedly "made two-thirds of the Obodrites tributary. But he lost the best and most battle-tested of his soldiers. With them he lost Reginold, his brother's son, who was killed at the siege of a town along with a great number of Danish nobles."
287:
during
November, 811. "About the middle of November he came to Aachen. The envoys of King Hemming, Aowin and Hebbi, came to meet him and brought presents and assurances of peace." The entries in 811 end by mentioning the death of
511:
upon the Danes, which could have been rejected by them as a badge of slavery." Henry
Wheaton, "History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the earliest times to the Conquest" (1831), pages 173-174
215:, who would then be the grandfather of Hemming. Other scholars reject these identifications and the legends to which they attempt to link, only crediting the annals as representing authentic history.
253:. There news reached him that Gudfred had died. "The fleet which ravaged Frisia had returned home and King Godofrid had been murdered by one of his retainers". Charlemagne called off the campaign.
479:. His name even seems to have been unknown to the Franks, thought it afterwards became their terror in the person of another prince. His son Sigurd Snogöje, king of
187:
Various attempts have been made to harmonize these kings from the
Frankish annals with the legendary kings found in the accounts of traditional historians such as
203:, the traditional son of Lothbrok, while making successor Gudfrid Sigurd's brother. An alternative reconstruction would make Gudfred identical to the Gudröd of
319:
159:
715:
317:
from 714 to the 830s were adopting material from earlier sources, including the Royal
Frankish Annals. Hemming also appears in an 810 entry of the
499:. Sigurd fell in battle, and was succeeded in Jutland by his brother, Gudröd, called by the Franks, Godfrid, who as guardian of the young
598:
343:
to tribute, he threatened even Charles with war. This strife very seriously retarded the emperor's purpose with respect to
172:
who seems to have survived his siblings and was sole ruler by 827. They can all be considered paternal cousins of Hemming.
530:(1978) by Detlev Schwennicke, which identifies the father of Hemming as "Sigurd" and reports him killed in the battle of
700:
643:"Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories" (1970), translation by Bernhard Walter Scholz
542:", "Harald, second King of Hedeby" (identified as paternal grandfather to Anulo and his siblings), and Geva, wife of
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Simon Coupland (1998), "From poachers to gamekeepers: Scandinavian warlords and Carolingian kings",
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471:, led the warlike youth of the North, in the train of his distant expeditions to the borders of
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Landscapes of Power, Landscapes of Conflict: State Formation in the South Scandinavian Iron Age
467:"Ragnar Lodbrok, who, from the throne of Lethra, swayed the united realms of the Danes and the
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give an almost identical account of this reign. This is not surprising as the entries of the
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became regent of all Denmark. In the peace which Charlemagne subsequently concluded with
241:. Charlemagne was preparing a retaliation campaign, gathering troops in the area of the
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History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the earliest times to the Conquest
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Norsemen in the Low Countries:Extracts from the Annales Fuldenses, editor's note
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559:, 21:283-323 (1979); R. W. McTurk, "Ragnarr LoĂ°brĂłk in the Irish Annals?", in
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further suggests Halfdan the Mild to be a sibling to "Sigefrid, first King of
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Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten
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and confirm the peace by an exchange of oaths according to their customs."
195:(1831) by Henry Wheaton suggested that Hemming was a direct descendant of
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and imposed tribute on its local population. He had then returned to
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Henry H. Howorth, "Early Intercourse of the Danes and Franks",
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Donnchadh Ó Corráin, "High-kings, Vikings and other kings",
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an 808 entry detailing a campaign of Gudfred against the
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from 810 until his death. He was the successor of King
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Page of "History of the Norsemen" detailing his family
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The Latin Library:"Annales Regni Francorum", 812 entry
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233:and Gudfred were in conflict. Gudfred had invaded
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283:of Hemming are reported meeting Charlemagne in
229:recorded the brief reign of Hemming. In 810,
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522:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
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46:Hemming as depicted in 1670
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627:Thurston, Tina L. (2006).
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201:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
505:Hemming, son of Sigurd
359:Early Medieval Europe
292:(4 December 811) and
226:Royal Frankish Annals
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563:(1976), pages 93-123
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205:Ynglingatal
67:Predecessor
706:812 deaths
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386:References
365:: 85–114,
351:Literature
123:Sigfredian
711:Scyldings
532:Bardowick
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337:Abodrites
178:Obotrites
157:. Though
131:Hemming I
77:Successor
18:Hemming I
599:Archived
544:Widukind
333:Frisians
271:Heiligen
209:Vestfold
679:Sigfred
664:Gudfred
612:Sources
534:(810).
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485:Charles
481:Jutland
477:England
345:Hamburg
239:Denmark
170:Horik I
155:Gudfred
139:Gudfred
135:Denmark
118:Dynasty
112:Denmark
101:Denmark
81:Sigfred
71:Gudfred
62:810–812
35:Hemming
540:Hedeby
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298:Aachen
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145:Family
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469:Sviar
375:S2CID
329:Latin
263:Danes
247:Aller
243:Rhine
219:Reign
85:Anulo
59:Reign
681:and
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363:7
20:)
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