574:. The inscription on his grave marker reads: "Lt. Col. Henry Monckton who on the plains of Monmouth 28 June 1778 sealed with his life his duty and devotion to his king and country. This memorial erected by Samuel Fryer whose father a subject of Great Britain sleeps in an unknown grave." Because he was found by men of the 1st Pennsylvania, a legend grew up that Monckton was killed while attacking that regiment late in the battle. It was supposed that they not only recovered his body but the colors of his regiment. In fact, the grenadier battalions carried no colors and Monckton fell around noon. In one account, Monckton's mortal wounding and the loss of the colors came late in the day at the hands of Anthony Wayne's troops in front of Washington's main position. In another account, Monckton exhorted his men before the fatal attack saying, "On to the day!" Meanwhile, on the American side, Wayne urged his soldiers, "Steady! Steady boys! Wait for the word and pick off the king's birds."
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circumstances. He only began moving forward at 7:00 a.m. with 5,000 troops and 10 cannons. When Lee arrived near the
British positions, Clinton turned back to assist his covering party with strong rear guard forces, including the two grenadier battalions. After some attacks miscarried, Lee's division retreated with Clinton in pursuit.
403:
was fought. Monckton double-timed his grenadiers from their barracks in
Philadelphia to the field of action. On the way they passed the slower-moving Hessian grenadiers. Led by Cornwallis, the grenadiers arrived just as the American attack collapsed. They led the pursuit up Germantown Road as far as
549:
ordered Oswald to pull back. Covered by Olney's brigade, he managed to get across the bridge without losing any guns. The action was so chaotic that a party of 16 grenadiers found themselves amid Olney's brigade, but the
Americans were so focused on getting away that they paid no attention to
544:
The 16th Light
Dragoons tried to charge the hedgerow but Olney's men repulsed them with a blast of gunfire. Clinton personally led forward the 2nd Grenadiers and one wing of the 1st Grenadiers, calling out, "Charge, grenadiers, never heed forming." Case shot from Oswald's guns ripped into the
491:
to lead his advance guard. At 4:00 a.m., on 28 June, Knyphausen's division began its march from
Monmouth Court House, followed at 8:00 a.m. by Cornwallis' division. Lee failed to scout the terrain and told his subordinates that he had no plan of battle other than to act according to
351:
on 11 September 1777, Monckton led the 2nd Grenadier
Battalion, which was formed from 15 grenadier companies taken from the regiments of foot. As the British advanced south from Osborne's Hill, the left flank of the 2nd Grenadiers touched the Birmingham road while the
375:
lost 47 casualties. The grenadiers also suffered serious losses at
Brandywine. Of the 10 British officers killed in the engagement, seven were from the two grenadier battalions, and an additional seven grenadier officers were wounded, including Medows, shot in the arm.
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placed two cannons on Olney's right and two more in support of Wayne's troops. Stewart and Ramsey ambushed the 1st Guards
Battalion as it passed by. Though their commander Colonel Henry Trelawney and 40 men were hit, the
503:
At length, Lee's withdrawing troops met
Washington's main body moving forward. Washington relieved Lee of command, but apparently relented and allowed Lee to cobble together a defensive line with the troops at hand. He placed
363:'s fresh Virginia brigade, which was deployed on a reverse slope with its right flank thrown forward so as to take the British line in enfilade. Once he found his troops in a tight spot, Monckton asked Hessian Captain
565:
Oddly, Clinton did not mention
Monckton in his report of the battle. However, Hessian Adjutant General Carl Leopold Baurmeister wrote, "Colonel Monckton was killed, a great loss indeed." Monckton is buried in the
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determined to move most of his army to New York by land. The naval transports were packed with most of the army's women and children, 3,000 loyalist civilians, sick soldiers, and the unreliable
545:
grenadiers from a range of 40 yards (37 m), but they stormed the hedgerow anyway, driving back Olney's men. During the desperate action, Washington's chief of artillery
371:
who brought his 4th Brigade up on Monckton's left. Supported by two 6-pound cannons, the British finally dislodged the Americans as darkness fell, but not before the
311:' 1st Grenadier Battalion, his own 2nd Grenadier Battalion, and James Ogilvie's 2nd Guards Battalion. Leading this force, he went to New Jersey with
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and two companies of the 1st Grenadier Battalion rushed the woods. In a hard-fought action, the Americans were flushed from the trees and set upon by the
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on 26 June, to be joined shortly by Cornwallis' division. After his army rested on the 26th and 27th, Clinton planned to move northeast to
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in the open. Stewart was wounded and Ramsey wounded and captured as their commands raced to cross a bridge to the west side of the ravine.
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383:. One witness remembered Monckton leading both British grenadier battalions. His circle of friends among the British officers included
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mercenaries. The transports set sail early on 18 June. That day, Philadelphia was abandoned and Clinton's army marched east to
554:. He detailed some of his soldiers to retrieve his commander, but apparently this was not done. After the battle some men of the
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on 26 December 1776, he served as acting commander of Major General James Robertson's 1st British Brigade at
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their enemies. Sometime during the action at the hedgerow, a British officer saw Monckton fall, struck by
487:, and moved east to intercept Clinton. After some hesitation, Washington appointed his second-in-command,
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on 22 August 1776, while leading the 1st Grenadier Battalion in the army of
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University of Nottingham: Biography of John Monckton, 1st Viscount Galway (1695–1751)
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in the British army, as later did his nephew, Henry, the son of his brother
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Eleazer Oswald's cannons probably fired the case shot that killed Monckton
248:, although the second by his second wife, Jane Westenra of Rathleagh,
444:. From there Clinton's army marched in a northeasterly direction via
379:
On 26 September, the British Army marched into the rebel capital of
359:
Near sunset, the advancing 2nd Grenadiers walked into a trap set by
979:
British military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War
327:. In the aftermath, Cornwallis made a rapid retreat to his base at
276:
and later presided over an important literary and political salon.
494:
415:
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1st Grenadiers deployed on their right. The battalion struck
338:
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found Monckton. The mortally wounded officer was taken to the
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Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The last great battle in the North
424:
In March 1778, Secretary of State for the American Colonies
343:
Osborne's Hill; power lines on the left mark Birmingham Road
283:
from 25 July 1771 until 1772. He was wounded at the
182:(13 July 1740 – 28 June 1778) was the fourth son of
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British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
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where naval transports would take his army to New York.
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to ride back and summon reinforcements. Ewald located
244:
Born on 13 July 1740, Monckton was the fourth son of
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took position on Olney's left. Farther to the left,
475:
Meanwhile, Washington moved his army northeast from
303:. After the Trenton disaster, he took command of an
356:'s 3rd Pennsylvania Brigade, driving it back.
323:outmaneuvered the British and defeated them at the
113:
103:
85:
69:
53:
38:
31:
268:and Member of Parliament. Monckton's only sister,
221:of 1777, he led a grenadier battalion at both the
186:, and the younger half-brother of the more famous
945:. Long Island City, N.Y.: Osprey Publishing.
483:. On 23 June, the American army reached
432:by a French fleet, the new British commander
8:
618:
616:
888:. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
528:into some woods. Lee's chief of artillery,
319:on 2 January 1777. The following day,
964:. New York, N.Y.: Washington Square Press.
232:He was killed leading his soldiers at the
28:
926:. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books.
907:. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books.
197:he led a battalion of converged British
864:. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.
862:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution
592:
590:
588:
586:
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213:in 1776. He led a temporary brigade at
512:behind a hedgerow. A detachment under
426:George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville
748:McGuire 2007, pp. 120–121.
18:Henry Monckton (British Army officer)
7:
924:The Philadelphia Campaign, Volume II
905:The Philadelphia Campaign, Volume I
508:Brigade, then under the command of
256:(1726–1782) became a high ranking
246:John Monckton, 1st Viscount Galway
184:John Monckton, 1st Viscount Galway
25:
397:Sir John Wrottesley, 8th Baronet
211:New York and New Jersey campaign
90:
74:
1009:Burials at Old Tennent Cemetery
694:McGuire 2006, pp. 255–259.
385:Sir George Osborn, 4th Baronet
1:
860:Boatner, Mark M. III (1994).
317:Battle of the Assunpink Creek
562:where he died the same day.
479:and crossed the Delaware at
464:'s leading division reached
64:Freehold Borough, New Jersey
1004:Sherwood Foresters officers
960:Preston, John Hyde (1962).
941:Morrissey, Brendan (2008).
922:McGuire, Thomas J. (2007).
903:McGuire, Thomas J. (2006).
1025:
820:Morrissey, pp. 69–70.
793:Boatner, pp. 719–721.
784:Morrissey, pp. 40–41.
775:Morrissey, pp. 34–37.
712:McGuire 2006, p. 231.
703:McGuire 2006, p. 226.
685:McGuire 2006, p. 235.
676:McGuire 2006, p. 205.
477:Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
195:American Revolutionary War
121:American Revolutionary War
989:Younger sons of viscounts
739:McGuire 2007, p. 75.
730:McGuire 2007, p. 49.
721:McGuire 2007, p. 14,
556:1st Pennsylvania Regiment
520:directed soldiers led by
399:. On 4 October, the
329:New Brunswick, New Jersey
252:. His older half-brother
137:Battle of Assunpink Creek
442:Haddonfield, New Jersey
313:Lord Charles Cornwallis
279:Monckton commanded the
250:Queen's County, Ireland
880:Fischer, David Hackett
829:Morrissey, p. 76.
811:Morrissey, p. 69.
802:Morrissey, p. 65.
766:Morrissey, p. 33.
757:Morrissey, p. 32.
500:
462:Wilhelm von Knyphausen
421:
344:
307:brigade consisting of
885:Washington's Crossing
847:Preston, p. 331.
838:Boatner, p. 724.
572:Manalapan, New Jersey
498:
419:
342:
335:Philadelphia campaign
285:Battle of Long Island
219:Philadelphia campaign
129:Battle of Long Island
568:Old Tennent Cemetery
514:Henry Livingston Jr.
485:Hopewell, New Jersey
466:Monmouth Court House
420:Grenadier, 40th Foot
401:Battle of Germantown
349:Battle of Brandywine
227:Battle of Germantown
223:Battle of Brandywine
205:. He was wounded at
153:Battle of Germantown
145:Battle of Brandywine
539:16th Light Dragoons
393:Richard FitzPatrick
325:Battle of Princeton
560:Old Tennent Church
501:
422:
345:
315:and fought at the
293:lieutenant colonel
234:Battle of Monmouth
203:lieutenant colonel
161:Battle of Monmouth
158:
150:
142:
134:
126:
108:Lieutenant colonel
952:978-1-84176-772-7
933:978-0-8117-0206-5
895:978-0-19-518159-3
535:Brigade of Guards
412:Death at Monmouth
321:George Washington
297:Battle of Trenton
295:. At time of the
291:with the rank of
236:on 28 June 1778.
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16:(Redirected from
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389:William Harcourt
365:Johann von Ewald
289:Sir William Howe
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481:Coryell's Ferry
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262:Edward Monckton
258:general officer
254:Robert Monckton
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215:Assunpink Creek
188:Robert Monckton
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530:Eleazer Oswald
522:Walter Stewart
510:Jeremiah Olney
430:Delaware River
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309:William Medows
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180:Henry Monckton
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61:(aged 37)
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33:Henry Monckton
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518:Anthony Wayne
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434:Henry Clinton
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406:Chestnut Hill
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361:George Weedon
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354:Thomas Conway
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301:New York City
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81:Great Britain
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667:Fischer, 343
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658:Fischer, 292
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649:Fischer, 410
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640:Fischer, 393
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631:Fischer, 389
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622:Boatner, 711
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597:
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381:Philadelphia
378:
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240:Early career
231:
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98:British Army
59:(1778-06-28)
57:28 June 1778
49:13 July 1740
26:
999:1778 deaths
994:1740 births
489:Charles Lee
446:Mount Holly
369:James Agnew
209:during the
207:Long Island
193:During the
973:Categories
854:References
552:grape shot
547:Henry Knox
470:Sandy Hook
458:Imlaystown
450:Bordentown
199:grenadiers
70:Allegiance
45:1740-07-13
454:Allentown
373:64th Foot
281:45th Foot
217:. In the
882:(2004).
598:Monckton
506:Varnum's
225:and the
201:while a
114:Conflict
596:Dodge,
347:At the
167:†
949:
930:
911:
892:
868:
456:, and
395:, and
305:ad hoc
163:
95:
86:Branch
79:
578:Notes
266:nabob
947:ISBN
928:ISBN
909:ISBN
890:ISBN
866:ISBN
524:and
270:Mary
264:, a
104:Rank
54:Died
39:Born
570:in
975::
615:^
585:^
460:.
452:,
448:,
408:.
391:,
387:,
331:.
229:.
190:.
955:.
936:.
917:.
898:.
874:.
47:)
43:(
20:)
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