676:, a survivor who kept a journal that was to become one of the sources for the narrative of the mutiny. According to Pricket, the leaders of the mutiny were Henry Greene and Robert Juet. The latter, a navigator, had accompanied Hudson on the 1609 expedition, and his account is said to be "the best contemporary record of the voyage". Pricket's narrative tells how the mutineers set Hudson, his teenage son John, and seven crewmen—men who were either sick and infirm or loyal to Hudson—adrift from the
693:
944:"The above relation by Thomas Edge is obviously incorrect. Hudson's Christian name is wrongly given, and the year in which he visited the north coast of Spitsbergen was 1607, not 1608. Moreover, Hudson himself has given an account of the voyage and makes absolutely no mention of Hudson's Tutches. It would have been hardly possible indeed for him to visit Jan Mayen on his way home from Bear Island to the Thames." Wordie 1922, p. 182.
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40:
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had been friends and loyal seamen of Hudson. Secondly, Greene and Juet did not survive the return voyage to
England (Juet, who had been the navigator on the return journey, died of starvation a few days before the company reached Ireland). Pricket knew he and the other survivors of the mutiny would be tried in England for
576:, buying oysters and beans from the Native Americans, and then began a journey up what is now known as the Hudson River. Over the next ten days his ship ascended the river, reaching a point near Stuyvesant Landing (Old Kinderhook), and the ship's boat with five crew members ventured to the vicinity of present-day
733:
While
Pricket's account is one of the few surviving records of the voyage, its reliability has been questioned by some historians. Pricket's journal and testimony have been severely criticized for bias, on two grounds. Firstly, prior to the mutiny the alleged leaders of the uprising, Greene and Juet,
741:
The
Pricket narrative became the controlling story of the expedition's disastrous end. Only eight of the thirteen mutinous crewmen survived the return voyage to Europe. They were arrested in England, and some were put on trial, but no punishment was imposed for the mutiny. One theory holds that the
449:
in 1615 both had possession of Hudson's journal while searching for his elusive Hold-with-Hope—which is now believed to have been on the east coast of
Greenland—but neither had any knowledge of any discovery of Jan Mayen, an achievement which was only later attributed to Hudson. Fotherby eventually
773:
testimonies that she thought made reference to Hudson and his son after the mutiny. According to these, an old man with a long white beard and a young boy arrived in a small wooden boat. The Inuit had never seen a white person before, but they took them to an encampment and fed them. After the old
668:
to further explore Hudson Bay with the continuing goal of discovering the
Passage; however, most of the members of his crew ardently desired to return home. Matters came to a head and much of the crew mutinied in June. Descriptions of the successful mutiny are one-sided, because the only survivors
439:. However, records of Hudson's voyages suggest that he could only have come across Jan Mayen in 1607 by making an illogical detour, and historians have pointed out that Hudson himself made no mention of it in his journal. There is also no cartographical proof of this supposed discovery.
774:
man died, the Inuit tethered the boy to one of their houses so he would not run away. Despite the long time passed, the story might be given some credence after long-ignored Inuit testimonies proved reliable enough to lead to the discovery of the wrecks of the two ships in
811:, which is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) south of James Bay, was found to have carving on it with Hudson's initials (H. H.), the year 1612, and the word "captive". While lettering on the stone was consistent with English maps of the 17th century, the
359:'s northernmost point is 80° 49′ N) when really it trended to the east. Encountering ice packed along the north coast, they were forced to turn back south. Hudson wanted to make his return "by the north of Greenland to Davis his Streights (
285:
of that city. When Hudson first entered the historical record in 1607, he was already an experienced mariner with sufficient credentials to be commissioned the leader of an expedition charged with a search for a trade route across the
338:
On 13 July, Hudson and his crew estimated that they had sailed as far north as 80° 23′ N, but more likely only reached 79° 23′ N. The following day they entered what Hudson later in the voyage named "Whales Bay"
684:, an open boat, effectively marooning them in Hudson Bay. The Pricket journal reports that the mutineers provided the castaways with clothing, powder and shot, some pikes, an iron pot, some food, and other miscellaneous items.
470:
in the
Netherlands to find an easterly passage to Asia. While awaiting orders and supplies in Amsterdam, he heard rumours of a northwest route to the Pacific through North America. Hudson had been told to sail through the
307:
of
England hired Hudson to find a northerly route to the Pacific coast of Asia. At the time, the English were engaged in an economic battle with the Dutch for control of northwest routes. It was thought that, because the
489:(English: Half Moon). He could not complete the specified (eastward) route because ice blocked the passage, as with all previous such voyages, and he turned the ship around in mid-May while somewhere east of Norway's
738:, and it would have been in his interest, and the interest of the other survivors, to put together a narrative that would place the blame for the mutiny upon men who were no longer alive to defend themselves.
520:, using muskets and small cannon, went ashore and assaulted the village near their anchorage. They drove the people from the settlement and took their boat and other property—probably pelts and trade goods.
587:, England on 7 November, and was detained by authorities who wanted access to his log. He managed to pass the log to the Dutch ambassador to England, who sent it, along with his report, to Amsterdam.
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450:
stumbled across Jan Mayen, thinking it a new discovery and naming it "Sir Thomas Smith's Island", though the first verifiable records of the discovery of the island had been made a year earlier, in 1614.
651:
through the continent. Hudson spent the following months mapping and exploring its eastern shores, but he and his crew did not find a passage to Asia. In
November, the ship became trapped in the ice in
552:
of the river that initially was called the "North River" or "Mauritius" and now carries his name. He was not the first
European to discover the estuary, though, as it had been known since the voyage of
323:
on 13 May, coasting northward until 22 May. Here the party named a headland "Young's Cape", a "very high mount, like a round castle" near it "Mount of God's Mercy" and land at 73° north latitude "
281:
Virtually nothing of Hudson's early life is known for certain. His year of birth is variously estimated between 1560 and 1570. He may have been born in London and it is possible that his father was an
405:
to attempt to locate a passage to the Indies, this time to the east around northern Russia. Leaving London on 22 April, the ship travelled almost 2,500 mi (4,000 km), making it to
5231:
717:, enabling the larger vessel to leave the tiny open boat behind. Hudson and the other seven aboard the shallop were never seen again. Despite subsequent searches, including those conducted by
843:
to exploit a lucrative fur trade along its shores for more than two centuries, growing powerful enough to influence the history and present international boundaries of western North
America.
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273:, Hudson wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and six others adrift; the Hudsons and their companions were never seen again.
884:
516:, but apparently no trades occurred. The ship stayed in the area about ten days, the crew replacing a broken mast and fishing for food. On the 25 July, a dozen men from the
889:
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While exploring the river, Hudson had traded with several native groups, mainly obtaining furs. His voyage was used to establish Dutch claims to the region and to the
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survivors were considered too valuable as sources of information to execute, as they had travelled to the New World and could describe sailing routes and conditions.
1038:
935:, p. 21; Mulvaney 2001, p. 38; Davis et al. 1997, p. 31; Francis 1990, p. 30; Rudmose-Brown 1920, p. 312; Chisholm 1911, p. 942.
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Hudson reported large numbers of whales in Spitsbergen waters during this voyage. Many authors credit his reports as the catalyst for several nations sending
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796:, who searched for Franklin in the mid-19th century, also collected Inuit stories that he interpreted as references to the even earlier expedition of
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493:. At that point, acting outside his instructions, Hudson pointed the ship west and decided to try to seek a westerly passage through North America.
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1935:
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes: Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others
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for some time. Pricket recalled that the mutineers finally tired of the David–Goliath pursuit and unfurled additional sails aboard the
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351:, William Collins. They sailed north the following two days. On 16 July, they reached as far north as Hakluyt's Headland (which
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in the northern latitudes in the summer, the ice would melt, and a ship could make it across the "top of the world".
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363:), and so for Kingdom of England", but ice conditions would have made this impossible. The expedition returned to
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On his final expedition, while still searching for the Northwest Passage, Hudson became the first European to see
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In 1610, Hudson obtained backing for another voyage, this time under the English flag. The funding came from the
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435:] Hudson" in 1608 discovered an island he named "Hudson's Tutches" (Touches) at 71° N, the latitude of
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says Hudson named on this voyage) at 79° 49′ N, thinking they saw the land continue to 82° N (
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628:, he stayed to the north—some claim he deliberately stayed too far south on his Dutch-funded voyage—reached
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expeditions to the islands. This claim is contentious, others have pointed to strong evidence that it was
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Franklin's Fate: An investigation into what happened to the lost 1845 expedition of Sir John Frankin.
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332:
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Nevius, Michelle and James, "New York's many 9/11 anniversaries: the Staten Island Peace Conference"
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1886:. From the 1625 edition of Purchas His Pilgrimes; transcribed 2006 by Brea Barthel. Archived from
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on 11 May, the south of Greenland on 4 June, and rounded the southern tip of Greenland.
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2012:
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1968:
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1910:
Fatal Journey: The Final Expedition of Henry Hudson, A Tale of Mutiny and Murder in the Arctic
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Observations made during this voyage were often wrong, sometimes greatly so. See Conway 1906.
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in July, but even in the summer they found the ice impenetrable and turned back, arriving at
331:) on 27 May near the mouth of the great bay Hudson later simply named the "Great Indraught" (
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In 1607 and 1608, Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a rumoured
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who could tell their story were the mutineers and those who went along with the mutiny.
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were significant and lasting. His voyages helped to establish European contact with the
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647:. Excitement was very high due to the expectation that the ship had finally found the
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1093:"Biography – Hudson, Henry – Volume I (1000–1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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in Canada, many other topographical features and landmarks are named for Hudson. The
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758:, located on the southern end of Hudson Bay—while this was discounted at the time by
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382:'s reports in 1610, that led to the establishment of English whaling, and voyages of
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Henry Hudson, the navigator: the original document in which his career is recorded
1567:
709:
After the mutiny, Hudson's shallop broke out oars and tried to keep pace with the
544:. Rather than entering the Chesapeake he explored the coast to the north, finding
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in 1612, which led to the establishment of Dutch, French and Spanish whaling. The
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643:. Following the southern coast of the strait on 2 August, the ship entered
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All known portraits used to represent Henry Hudson were drawn after his death.
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during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day
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that prospered there when a trading post was established at Albany in 1614.
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On 1 May 1607, Hudson sailed with a crew of ten men and a boy on the 80-ton
270:
251:
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100:
74:
1854:
Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the voyage that redrew the map of the New World
512:
who were accustomed to trading with the French; they were willing to trade
4380:
823:
The bay visited by and named after Hudson is three times the size of the
640:
537:
476:
356:
282:
1959:
The Island at the Center of the World: the epic story of Dutch Manhattan
39:
5007:
4387:
3174:
2652:
2628:
2616:
1065:
Holland on the Hudson: an economic and social history of Dutch New York
681:
629:
375:
364:
347:), naming its northwestern point "Collins Cape" (Kapp Mitra) after his
246:, which was later named after him, and thereby laid the foundation for
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When the ice cleared in the spring of 1611, Hudson planned to use his
572:
on 11 September, and the following day encountered a group of 28
3253:
2578:
836:
735:
513:
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itself was built by neither Hudson nor Poole—both were dead by 1612.
213:
202:
2030:
1441:
A History of Old Kinderhook from Aboriginal Days to the Present Time
2639:
1788:
No Man's Land: a history of Spitsbergen from its discovery in 1596
770:
691:
583:
On 23 September, Hudson decided to return to Europe. He put in at
522:
457:
233:
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2072:
2034:
1520:. Vol. 1 (9th ed.). London: Norton. pp. 98–102.
1544:. Trajan Publishing Corporation. 14 April 2015. Archived from
705:'s 1881 painting of Hudson, his son, and loyal crew set adrift
431:
548:
but continuing on north. On 3 September, he reached the
754:
claimed he saw wreckage of an English ship on the shores of
1187:
1185:
980:
God's Mercies: rivalry, betrayal and the dream of discovery
258:
and contributed to the development of trade and commerce.
1939:
Volumes XIII and XIV (Reprint 1906 J. Maclehose and sons).
1808:
Hacquebord, L. (2004). "The Jan Mayen Whaling Industry".
540:, from which Hudson sailed south to the entrance of the
2008:. Vol. XII (9th ed.). 1881. pp. 332–333.
1414:
Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City
807:
In the late 1950s, a 150-pound (68 kg) stone near
500:
on 2 July, and in mid-July made landfall near the
220:. In 1609, he landed in North America on behalf of the
854:
in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are
1568:"The Aftermath of Hudson's Voyages and Related Notes"
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1012:
Nieuvve wereldt, ofte, Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien
193:
1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English
1831:
Howgego, Raymond John, ed. (2003). "Hudson, Henry".
1542:"Thomas Button Searches for Remains of Henry Hudson"
931:
Sandler 2008, p. 407; Umbreit 2005, p. 1;
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4126:
3866:
3239:
2770:
2615:
2113:
1947:. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp. p. 26.
1713:"Henry Hudson | Biography & Facts | Britannica"
815:was unable to determine when the carving was made.
172:
145:
114:
106:
92:
81:
68:
49:
30:
5232:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1956:
1907:
1851:
977:
890:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
635:On 25 June, the explorers reached what is now the
568:with an arrow to his neck. Hudson sailed into the
1391:"New York's Coldest Case: A Murder 400 Years Old"
5237:Sailors on ships of the Dutch East India Company
475:north of Russia, into the Pacific and so to the
831:afford access to otherwise landlocked parts of
466:In 1609, Hudson was chosen by merchants of the
401:and Muscovy Companies again sent Hudson in the
327:". After turning east, they sighted "Newland" (
483:on 4 April, in command of the Dutch ship
250:. His contributions to the exploration of the
2046:
1599:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
1444:. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons. pp. 2–7
205:and parts of the Northeastern United States.
8:
1488:"Henry Hudson: Definition & Discoveries"
1039:"Half Moon :: New Netherland Institute"
656:, and the crew moved ashore for the winter.
1612:
1610:
762:, historians believe it may have credence.
269:. In 1611, after wintering on the shore of
3840:
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2082:
2069:
2053:
2039:
2031:
1283:
1267:
885:List of people who disappeared before 1970
672:In the latter class was ship's navigator,
224:and explored the region around the modern
38:
27:
1981:Wordie, J.M. (1922). "Jan Mayen Island",
1511:
1509:
1416:, 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
19:For other people with similar names, see
5111:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
4686:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1518:Norton Anthology of American Literature
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1880:Juet's Journal of Hudson's 1609 Voyage
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1140:. New York: Facts on File. p. 90.
1015:(in Dutch). Leyden: Elzevier. p.
932:
1660:"Carving on Rock Henry Hudson, 1612?"
1203:
1176:
963:
725:in 1668–1670, their fate is unknown.
7:
1810:Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus
1425:
1376:
1360:
4472:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2669:Norse colonization of North America
1835:. Hordern House. pp. 523–525.
1833:Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800
1593:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
622:. At the helm of his new ship, the
5192:English explorers of North America
4001:United States Exploring Expedition
1945:Henry Hudson: Dreams and Obsession
1619:"A secret etched in stony silence"
800:, who explored the area and mined
397:In 1608, English merchants of the
14:
5075:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4443:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1914:. New York: Basic Books. p.
1617:Heinrich, Jeff (13 August 1989).
1438:Collier, Edward Augustus (1914).
1389:Roberts, Sam (4 September 2009).
1297:"Empire of the Bay: Henry Hudson"
462:Hudson's voyages to North America
319:. They reached the east coast of
44:One of many speculative portraits
4969:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4362:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1596:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
248:Dutch colonization of the region
242:("Half Moon"), he sailed up the
5187:Dutch East India Company people
1765:Henry Hudson: New World Voyager
1668:. 21 September 1962. p. 21
1570:. Ian Chadwick. 19 January 2007
1516:Levine, Robert S., ed. (2017).
698:The Last Voyage of Henry Hudson
256:native peoples of North America
5222:Explorers of the United States
5167:17th-century English explorers
5162:16th-century English explorers
2022:Works by or about Henry Hudson
1043:www.newnetherlandinstitute.org
984:. Toronto: Doubleday. p.
421:Alleged discovery of Jan Mayen
72:23 June 1611 (aged 45–46)
1:
4348:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4283:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
1812:. By Skreslet, S. Dordrecht:
765:British-born Canadian author
536:On 4 August, the ship was at
190:
177:
53:
21:Henry Hudson (disambiguation)
4705:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
4521:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4327:French Antarctic Expeditions
4257:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4143:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2261:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
510:Indigenous peoples in Canada
299:Expeditions of 1607 and 1608
152:Exploration of northeastern
137:Virginia Company of Plymouth
3790:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3469:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2334:Andrée's balloon expedition
1601:University of Toronto Press
813:Geological Survey of Canada
728:
498:Grand Banks of Newfoundland
388:Willem Cornelisz van Muyden
5258:
5182:1610s missing person cases
2991:Franklin's lost expedition
2691:Christian IV's expeditions
1793:Cambridge University Press
1767:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1676:– via newspaper.com.
1635:– via newspaper.com.
846:Along with Hudson Bay and
776:Franklin's lost expedition
564:of his crew was killed by
310:sun shone for three months
226:New York metropolitan area
132:British East India Company
18:
3843:
3839:
3826:
3345:Great Northern Expedition
3021:Rae–Richardson expedition
2221:British Arctic Expedition
2085:
2081:
2068:
856:Hudson County, New Jersey
122:Muscovy Company of London
37:
4629:British Antarctic Survey
4623:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3868:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2013:Works about Henry Hudson
1983:The Geographical Journal
1379:, entry of 25 July.
1363:, entry of 19 July.
1163:Henry Hudson's entry in
1069:Cornell University Press
508:. Here they encountered
468:Dutch East India Company
222:Dutch East India Company
127:Dutch East India Company
5217:Explorers of the Arctic
5105:Pole of inaccessibility
4768:Antarctic Treaty System
3109:2nd Grinnell expedition
2005:Encyclopædia Britannica
1906:Mancall, Peter (2009).
1589:Neatby, L. H. (1979) .
1165:Encyclopædia Britannica
1136:Pennington, P. (1979).
639:at the northern tip of
610:Expedition of 1610–1611
110:1607–1611 (as explorer)
769:(1925–2022) collected
706:
602:became the capital of
555:Giovanni da Verrazzano
533:
463:
371:on 15 September.
216:via a route above the
5212:Explorers of Svalbard
4775:Transglobe Expedition
4674:Operation Deep Freeze
4083:Challenger expedition
2949:Coppermine expedition
2470:Drifting ice stations
1877:Juet, Robert (1609).
1742:Asher, G. M. (1860).
1649:Conrad Press, 368 pp.
729:Pricket's reliability
695:
560:On 6 September 1609,
526:
461:
429:, "William [
1999:"Henry Hudson"
1943:Sandler, C. (2007).
1933:Purchas, S. (1625).
1816:. pp. 229–238.
1645:Roobol, M.J. (2019)
1375:, pp. 102–105;
1063:Rink, O. A. (1986).
1009:De Laet, J. (1625).
864:Henry Hudson Parkway
841:Hudson's Bay Company
829:many large estuaries
794:Charles Francis Hall
5207:Explorers of Canada
5202:Sailors from London
4945:South magnetic pole
3611:Brusilov expedition
2720:Danish colonization
2158:North magnetic pole
1850:Hunter, D. (2009).
1286:, pp. 230–231.
1138:The Great Explorers
976:Hunter, D. (2007).
860:Henry Hudson Bridge
839:. This allowed the
809:Deep River, Ontario
767:Dorothy Harley Eber
760:Samuel de Champlain
417:on 26 August.
5197:English navigators
4636:Operation Windmill
4617:Operation Highjump
3592:Rusanov expedition
3497:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3241:North East Passage
3045:McClure expedition
1763:Butts, E. (2009).
1717:www.britannica.com
1396:The New York Times
1282:, pp. 82–89;
866:, and the city of
746:Later developments
707:
620:East India Company
570:Upper New York Bay
534:
479:. Hudson departed
464:
454:Expedition of 1609
164:Northwest Passages
62:Kingdom of England
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
4603:Operation Tabarin
4465:Far Eastern Party
4311:Nimrod Expedition
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3381:M. Pronchishcheva
3303:Siberian Cossacks
2772:Northwest Passage
2105:Research stations
2062:Polar exploration
1347:, pp. 92–94.
1335:, pp. 56–57.
1246:, pp. 19–20.
1218:, pp. 23–30.
1194:, pp. 43–44.
752:Nicolas de Vignau
649:Northwest Passage
496:They reached the
384:Nicholas Woodcock
230:Northwest Passage
210:Northeast Passage
184:
183:
107:Years active
5249:
4650:Ronne Expedition
4135:
4129:
3993:Dumont d'Urville
3841:
3828:
3376:V. Pronchishchev
2083:
2070:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2026:Internet Archive
2009:
2001:
1978:
1962:
1948:
1938:
1929:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1873:
1860:Bloomsbury Press
1857:
1846:
1827:
1804:
1778:
1759:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1548:on 29 March 2017
1538:
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1503:
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1318:
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1293:
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1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1206:, pp. 1–22.
1201:
1195:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1097:www.biographi.ca
1089:
1083:
1082:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1035:
1029:
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1006:
1000:
999:
983:
973:
967:
961:
945:
942:
936:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
880:Age of Discovery
868:Hudson, New York
798:Martin Frobisher
792:, in the 2010s.
723:Zachariah Gillam
618:and the British
616:Virginia Company
600:Manhattan Island
392:whaling industry
265:and the immense
228:. Looking for a
192:
179:
88:
85:Hendrick Hudson
82:Other names
58:
55:
42:
28:
16:English explorer
5257:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5242:Muscovy Company
5152:
5151:
5150:
5137:
4812:
4804:
4680:McMurdo Station
4549:Modern research
4547:
4535:
4270:O. Nordenskjöld
4133:
4127:
4122:
4038:Ross expedition
3862:
3835:
3814:
3243:
3235:
2776:Northern Canada
2774:
2766:
2619:
2611:
2117:
2109:
2077:
2064:
2059:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1975:
1951:
1942:
1932:
1926:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1893:on 28 June 2011
1890:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1849:
1843:
1830:
1824:
1814:Kluwer Academic
1807:
1781:
1775:
1762:
1748:Hakluyt Society
1741:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1719:. 14 March 2024
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1591:"Hudson, Henry"
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1290:
1284:Hacquebord 2004
1278:
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1268:Hacquebord 2004
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903:
898:
876:
821:
748:
731:
721:in 1612 and by
690:
662:
612:
527:Replica of the
456:
447:Robert Fotherby
423:
409:well above the
305:Muscovy Company
301:
296:
279:
168:
158:Search for the
141:
86:
77:, North America
73:
64:
59:
56:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5227:Lost explorers
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
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5179:
5174:
5169:
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5118:
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5100:
5099:
5097:Vostok Station
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5048:Cherry-Garrard
5045:
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4888:Southern Cross
4884:
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4869:
4868:
4867:
4854:
4849:
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4847:
4834:
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4818:
4816:
4810:Farthest South
4806:
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4553:
4551:
4537:
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4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4507:Ross Sea party
4503:
4494:
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4487:
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4468:
4461:
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4454:
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4407:
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4209:
4204:
4201:Southern Cross
4194:Southern Cross
4190:
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4183:
4178:
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4019:
4018:
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3996:
3995:
3983:
3978:
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3968:
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3944:
3943:
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3940:Bellingshausen
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3257:
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3245:Russian Arctic
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2680:Snæbjörn galti
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2115:Farthest North
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2019:
2010:
1992:
1991:External links
1989:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1974:978-0385503495
1973:
1949:
1940:
1930:
1925:978-0465005116
1924:
1903:
1874:
1869:978-1596916807
1868:
1847:
1841:
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1823:978-1402029554
1822:
1805:
1779:
1774:978-1554884551
1773:
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1738:
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1731:
1730:
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1679:
1651:
1638:
1624:Ottawa Citizen
1606:
1581:
1559:
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1527:978-0393935714
1526:
1505:
1479:
1467:
1465:, p. 235.
1455:
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1381:
1365:
1359:, p. 98;
1349:
1337:
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1270:, p. 229.
1260:
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1230:, p. 24;
1220:
1208:
1196:
1181:
1169:
1155:
1143:
1128:
1109:
1084:
1078:978-0801418662
1077:
1071:. p. 29.
1055:
1030:
1001:
995:978-0385660587
994:
968:
955:
953:
950:
947:
946:
937:
924:
915:
905:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
875:
872:
833:Western Canada
820:
817:
747:
744:
730:
727:
689:
686:
674:Abacuk Pricket
661:
658:
611:
608:
604:New Netherland
542:Chesapeake Bay
455:
452:
422:
419:
325:Hold with Hope
300:
297:
295:
292:
278:
275:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
167:
166:
156:
149:
147:
146:Known for
143:
142:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
118:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
94:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
60:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5254:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4853:
4850:
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4843:
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4835:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
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4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4621:
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4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
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4590:
4586:
4582:
4579:
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4576:
4572:
4570:
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4563:
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4522:
4518:
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4462:
4458:
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4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4398:
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4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:Discovery Hut
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3941:
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3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3758:A. Sibiryakov
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3730:Glavsevmorput
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
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3678:
3673:
3669:
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3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:J. Richardson
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:M. Corte-Real
2792:
2790:
2789:G. Corte-Real
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:C. Richardson
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:Georgiy Sedov
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Riiser-Larsen
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1985:. Vol 59 (3).
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1783:Conway, W. M.
1780:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1494:. 6 June 2023
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1477:, p. 31.
1476:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:, p. 11.
1322:
1317:
1314:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1258:, p. 11.
1257:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:, p. 53.
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:, p. 15.
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 43.
1152:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
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1013:
1005:
1002:
997:
991:
987:
982:
981:
972:
969:
966:, p. 17.
965:
960:
957:
951:
941:
938:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
910:
907:
900:
895:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:Hudson Strait
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
818:
816:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
784:
783:
777:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
745:
743:
739:
737:
726:
724:
720:
719:Thomas Button
716:
712:
704:
700:
699:
694:
688:Disappearance
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
667:
659:
657:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:Hudson Strait
633:
631:
627:
626:
621:
617:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:New Amsterdam
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
575:
574:Lenape canoes
571:
567:
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558:
556:
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531:
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451:
448:
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440:
438:
434:
433:
428:
425:According to
420:
418:
416:
412:
411:Arctic Circle
408:
407:Novaya Zemlya
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
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362:
358:
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313:
311:
306:
303:In 1607, the
298:
293:
291:
289:
284:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
263:Hudson Strait
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Arctic Circle
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
188:
176:John Hudson (
175:
171:
165:
161:
157:
155:
154:North America
151:
150:
148:
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138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
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120:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
93:Occupation(s)
91:
84:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
5177:1610s deaths
5172:1560s births
5103:
5091:Pole of Cold
5089:
5015:
5006:
4974:
4967:
4943:
4914:
4900:
4894:Borchgrevink
4886:
4873:
4858:
4838:
4823:
4792:
4773:
4766:
4750:
4736:
4727:
4710:
4703:
4684:
4672:
4648:
4634:
4627:
4615:
4601:
4587:
4573:
4566:
4527:
4519:
4505:
4498:
4496:
4478:
4470:
4463:
4450:
4441:
4403:
4395:
4386:
4379:
4367:
4360:
4346:
4334:Pourquoi-Pas
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4304:Orcadas Base
4302:
4294:
4281:
4275:C. A. Larsen
4263:
4255:
4241:
4234:
4221:
4213:
4207:Borchgrevink
4200:
4192:
4149:
4141:
4116:C. A. Larsen
4109:
4090:
4081:
4063:
4045:
4036:
4023:
4008:
3999:
3986:
3947:
3933:
3926:
3907:
3892:
3802:
3795:
3778:
3771:
3757:
3742:
3728:
3715:
3690:
3676:
3674:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3616:
3609:
3590:
3556:
3554:
3540:
3538:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3488:
3486:
3467:
3343:
3301:
3291:
3284:
3252:
3216:
3214:
3194:
3193:
3173:
3172:
3158:
3145:
3130:
3116:
3107:
3094:
3065:
3053:Investigator
3052:
3043:
3019:
3006:
2998:
2989:
2976:
2947:
2924:
2909:
2894:
2864:
2849:
2819:
2813:
2738:
2718:
2689:
2685:Erik the Red
2667:
2645:
2638:
2595:submersibles
2592:
2586:Arktika 2007
2584:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2551:
2542:
2539:
2520:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2475:
2468:
2444:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2385:
2383:
2354:
2351:
2340:S. A. Andrée
2332:
2319:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2259:
2241:
2228:
2219:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2156:
2136:
2017:Open Library
2003:
1982:
1963:. New York:
1958:
1944:
1934:
1909:
1895:. Retrieved
1888:the original
1879:
1858:. New York:
1853:
1832:
1809:
1787:
1764:
1743:
1735:Bibliography
1721:. Retrieved
1716:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1692:Henry Hudson
1691:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1665:Toronto Star
1663:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1627:. p. C3
1622:
1594:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1536:
1517:
1496:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1440:
1433:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1394:
1384:
1368:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1280:Purchas 1625
1275:
1263:
1256:Purchas 1625
1251:
1239:
1228:Purchas 1625
1223:
1211:
1199:
1192:Mancall 2009
1172:
1164:
1158:
1151:Mancall 2009
1146:
1137:
1131:
1124:Howgego 2003
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1087:
1064:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1042:
1033:
1011:
1004:
979:
971:
959:
940:
927:
918:
909:
852:Hudson River
845:
822:
806:
788:
781:
764:
749:
740:
732:
714:
710:
708:
703:John Collier
696:
677:
671:
665:
663:
634:
624:
613:
589:
582:
559:
546:Delaware Bay
535:
529:
517:
514:beaver pelts
495:
485:
473:Arctic Ocean
465:
445:in 1611 and
441:
430:
424:
402:
396:
373:
369:River Thames
365:Tilbury Hope
361:Davis Strait
345:Kongsfjorden
341:Krossfjorden
337:
316:
314:
302:
280:
260:
244:Hudson River
237:
236:on his ship
207:
195:sea explorer
187:Henry Hudson
186:
185:
97:Sea explorer
32:Henry Hudson
25:
4794:Lake Vostok
4744:Tryoshnikov
4666:Schlossbach
4557:Christensen
4499:James Caird
4420:E. R. Evans
4186:Dobrowolski
4156:de Gerlache
3858:Expeditions
3744:Aviaarktika
3698:Samoylovich
3569:Kolomeitsev
3463:Middendorff
3423:Gedenshtrom
2843:I. Fyodorov
2605:Chilingarov
2493:E. Fyodorov
2100:Expeditions
1475:Shorto 2004
1463:Hunter 2009
1373:Hunter 2009
1357:Hunter 2009
1345:Hunter 2009
1333:Hunter 2009
1321:Hunter 2009
1301:www.pbs.org
1244:Hunter 2009
1232:Conway 1906
1216:Conway 1906
933:Shorto 2004
802:fool's gold
680:in a small
562:John Colman
506:Nova Scotia
502:LaHave area
443:Jonas Poole
427:Thomas Edge
380:Jonas Poole
353:Thomas Edge
329:Spitsbergen
294:Exploration
69:Disappeared
57: 1565
5156:Categories
5017:Terra Nova
4922:Shackleton
4865:J. C. Ross
4824:Resolution
4814:South Pole
4589:New Swabia
4513:Mackintosh
4485:Shackleton
4404:Terra Nova
4397:Terra Nova
4131:Heroic Age
4091:Challenger
4051:J. C. Ross
3961:Bransfield
3893:Resolution
3808:icebreaker
3772:Chelyuskin
3513:expedition
3491:Expedition
3433:Matyushkin
3391:Kh. Laptev
3386:Chelyuskin
3280:Heemskerck
3270:Chancellor
3265:Willoughby
3260:Koch boats
3203:Stefansson
3137:McClintock
3101:Inglefield
2943:J. C. Ross
2850:Resolution
2702:Cunningham
2600:Sagalevich
2289:expedition
2248:Stephenson
2208:C. F. Hall
2195:expedition
2169:J. C. Ross
2132:Heemskerck
2119:North Pole
1953:Shorto, R.
1897:22 October
1842:1875567364
1756:1083477542
1746:. London:
1672:28 October
1631:28 October
1448:29 October
1204:Asher 1860
1177:Butts 2009
1067:. Ithaca:
964:Butts 2009
896:References
827:, and its
825:Baltic Sea
645:Hudson Bay
530:Halve Maen
518:Halve Maen
491:North Cape
486:Halve Maen
399:East India
288:North Pole
277:Early life
267:Hudson Bay
239:Halve Maen
180:1591–1611)
87:(in Dutch)
5116:Tolstikov
4902:Discovery
4872:HMS
4857:HMS
4839:Adventure
4837:HMS
4822:HMS
4758:Tolstikov
4479:Endurance
4264:Antarctic
4249:Drygalski
4222:Discovery
4215:Discovery
4176:Arctowski
4089:HMS
4062:HMS
4056:Abernethy
4044:HMS
4022:USS
4009:Vincennes
4007:USS
3987:Astrolabe
3927:San Telmo
3908:Adventure
3906:HMS
3891:HMS
3886:Kerguelen
3848:Continent
3833:Antarctic
3710:Urvantsev
3668:Vilkitsky
3521:Jeannette
3519:USS
3511:Jeannette
3475:Weyprecht
3453:Pakhtusov
3403:Chichagov
3396:D. Laptev
3339:Permyakov
3314:Stadukhin
3309:Perfilyev
3286:Mangazeya
3224:H. Larsen
3189:Rasmussen
3144:HMS
3115:USS
3064:HMS
3051:HMS
3015:Collinson
3005:HMS
2997:HMS
2975:HMS
2923:HMS
2908:HMS
2893:HMS
2878:Mackenzie
2865:Discovery
2863:HMS
2848:HMS
2820:Discovery
2799:Frobisher
2762:Rasmussen
2675:Gunnbjörn
2621:Greenland
2550:USS
2541:USS
2413:Ellsworth
2355:Roosevelt
2285:Nansen's
2242:Discovery
2240:HMS
2227:HMS
2174:Abernethy
2142:Marmaduke
1965:Doubleday
1801:665157586
1426:Juet 1609
1377:Juet 1609
1361:Juet 1609
952:Citations
804:in 1578.
787:HMS
780:HMS
756:James Bay
750:In 1612,
715:Discovery
711:Discovery
678:Discovery
666:Discovery
654:James Bay
625:Discovery
606:in 1625.
592:fur trade
585:Dartmouth
557:in 1524.
481:Amsterdam
437:Jan Mayen
415:Gravesend
349:boatswain
333:Isfjorden
321:Greenland
271:James Bay
252:New World
199:navigator
160:Northeast
115:Employers
101:navigator
75:James Bay
5128:A. Fuchs
5085:V. Fuchs
5065:McKinley
5028:E. Evans
4987:Bjaaland
4982:Amundsen
4932:Marshall
4845:Furneaux
4697:V. Fuchs
4661:E. Ronne
4656:F. Ronne
4595:Ritscher
4449:SY
4437:Filchner
4381:Framheim
4375:Amundsen
4181:Racoviță
4166:Amundsen
4161:Lecointe
4030:Ringgold
4024:Porpoise
3914:Furneaux
3750:Shevelev
3705:Begichev
3684:Amundsen
3646:Nagórski
3624:Brusilov
3618:Sv. Anna
3532:Melville
3502:Palander
3458:Tsivolko
3418:Sannikov
3413:Billings
3356:Chirikov
3275:Barentsz
3217:St. Roch
3208:Bartlett
3182:Amundsen
3166:Sverdrup
3066:Resolute
2955:Franklin
2883:Kotzebue
2750:Sverdrup
2733:Scoresby
2707:Lindenov
2558:Plaisted
2543:Nautilus
2488:Shirshov
2462:Belyakov
2457:Baydukov
2431:Nautilus
2393:Amundsen
2353:SS
2312:Sverdrup
2307:Johansen
2277:Brainard
2272:Lockwood
2127:Barentsz
1955:(2004).
1785:(1906).
1723:23 April
1697:23 April
1688:"Impact"
1574:28 March
1552:28 March
1498:23 April
1306:14 April
1048:23 April
1025:65327738
874:See also
835:and the
641:Labrador
538:Cape Cod
477:Far East
403:Hopewell
357:Svalbard
317:Hopewell
283:alderman
173:Children
5133:Messner
5080:Hillary
5060:Balchen
5008:Polheim
5002:Wisting
4880:Crozier
4852:Weddell
4830:J. Cook
4800:Kapitsa
4781:Fiennes
4723:Klenova
4692:Hillary
4642:Ketchum
4568:BANZARE
4543:·
4388:Polheim
4354:Shirase
4340:Charcot
4150:Belgica
4069:Crozier
3981:Morrell
3976:Weddell
3954:Lazarev
3899:J. Cook
3853:History
3803:Arktika
3779:Krassin
3764:Voronin
3736:Schmidt
3722:Ushakov
3661:Vaygach
3629:Albanov
3598:Rusanov
3579:Kolchak
3574:Matisen
3548:Makarov
3527:De Long
3428:Wrangel
3408:Lyakhov
3361:Malygin
3319:Dezhnev
3146:Pandora
3117:Advance
3084:Kennedy
3079:Belcher
3072:Kellett
3059:McClure
2983:Beechey
2977:Blossom
2970:Simpson
2938:Crozier
2931:Hoppner
2888:J. Ross
2856:J. Cook
2804:Gilbert
2697:J. Hall
2663:Ingólfr
2653:Naddodd
2647:Vikings
2634:Brendan
2629:Pytheas
2617:Iceland
2571:Arktika
2563:Herbert
2528:Badygin
2498:Krenkel
2483:Papanin
2452:Chkalov
2438:Wilkins
2403:Wisting
2347:F. Cook
2253:Markham
2213:Bessels
2202:Polaris
2193:Polaris
2164:J. Ross
2147:Carolus
2095:History
2024:at the
1492:HISTORY
682:shallop
630:Iceland
566:natives
550:estuary
376:whaling
367:on the
5043:Bowers
5038:Wilson
4997:Hassel
4992:Helmer
4961:Mackay
4951:Mawson
4916:Nimrod
4874:Terror
4859:Erebus
4786:Burton
4581:Rymill
4457:Mawson
4451:Aurora
4430:Lashly
4415:Wilson
4318:Nimrod
4295:Scotia
4102:Murray
4077:Cooper
4064:Terror
4046:Erebus
4015:Wilkes
3966:Palmer
3934:Vostok
3881:Bouvet
3805:-class
3785:Gakkel
3653:Taymyr
3634:Konrad
3603:Kuchin
3541:Yermak
3448:Lavrov
3366:Ovtsyn
3351:Bering
3329:Ivanov
3292:Hudson
3254:Pomors
3231:Cowper
3196:Karluk
3095:Isabel
3089:Bellot
3039:Austin
3007:Terror
2999:Erebus
2895:Griper
2871:Clerke
2831:Baffin
2814:Hudson
2745:Nansen
2658:Garðar
2579:Barneo
2446:ANT-25
2422:Italia
2398:Nobile
2367:Henson
2326:Amedeo
2302:Nansen
2267:Greely
2137:Hudson
2075:Arctic
1971:
1922:
1866:
1839:
1820:
1799:
1771:
1754:
1524:
1102:24 May
1075:
1023:
992:
862:, the
858:, the
837:Arctic
819:Legacy
789:Terror
782:Erebus
736:piracy
660:Mutiny
578:Albany
214:Cathay
203:Canada
5123:Crary
5070:Dufek
5033:Oates
5023:Scott
4956:David
4937:Adams
4908:Barne
4729:Mirny
4718:Somov
4528:Quest
4425:Crean
4410:Scott
4289:Bruce
4243:Gauss
4236:Gauss
4110:Jason
4097:Nares
3971:Davis
3948:Mirny
3921:Smith
3876:Roché
3796:Lenin
3716:Sadko
3641:Wiese
3586:Sedov
3557:Zarya
3480:Payer
3443:Litke
3438:Anjou
3371:Minin
3334:Vagin
3324:Popov
3297:Poole
3152:Young
2965:Dease
2910:Hecla
2901:Parry
2826:Bylot
2809:Davis
2784:Cabot
2757:Peary
2739:Jason
2726:Egede
2640:Papar
2552:Skate
2533:Wiese
2513:NP-37
2506:NP-36
2386:Norge
2374:Sedov
2362:Peary
2320:Jason
2235:Nares
2229:Alert
2184:Hayes
2152:Parry
2090:Ocean
1891:(PDF)
1884:(PDF)
901:Notes
771:Inuit
5055:Byrd
4976:Fram
4927:Wild
4609:Marr
4575:BGLE
4562:Byrd
4490:Wild
4369:Fram
4171:Cook
3692:AARI
3677:Maud
3564:Toll
3489:Vega
3175:Gjøa
3160:Fram
3123:Kane
2960:Back
2925:Fury
2916:Lyon
2838:Munk
2477:NP-1
2379:Byrd
2296:Fram
2287:Fram
2179:Kane
1969:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1899:2009
1864:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1797:OCLC
1769:ISBN
1752:OCLC
1725:2024
1699:2024
1674:2023
1633:2023
1576:2017
1554:2017
1522:ISBN
1500:2024
1450:2022
1308:2018
1104:2023
1073:ISBN
1050:2024
1021:OCLC
990:ISBN
785:and
386:and
343:and
234:Asia
197:and
162:and
50:Born
4752:3rd
4738:2nd
4712:1st
4545:IGY
4541:IPY
3131:Fox
3027:Rae
2593:Mir
2569:NS
2015:at
1916:303
598:on
504:of
432:sic
335:).
232:to
212:to
5158::
3657:/
2002:.
1967:.
1918:.
1862:.
1795:.
1791:.
1750:.
1715:.
1690:.
1662:.
1621:.
1609:^
1508:^
1490:.
1412:,
1393:.
1299:.
1184:^
1112:^
1095:.
1041:.
1019:.
1017:83
988:.
986:12
870:.
778:,
701:,
580:.
290:.
191:c.
178:c.
99:,
54:c.
4134:"
4128:"
4071:)
4067:(
4058:)
4049:(
2054:e
2047:t
2040:v
1977:.
1937:.
1928:.
1901:.
1872:.
1845:.
1826:.
1803:.
1777:.
1758:.
1727:.
1701:.
1603:.
1578:.
1556:.
1530:.
1502:.
1452:.
1428:.
1399:.
1310:.
1126:.
1106:.
1081:.
1052:.
1027:.
998:.
339:(
189:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
