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821:, the queen's favourite, quarrelled with Oxford and identified herself with Bolingbroke's interests. The harsh treatment of the Hanoverian demands was inspired by him, and won favour with the queen, while Oxford's influence declined; and by his support of the Schism Bill in May 1714, an aggressive Tory measure forbidding all education by dissenters by making an episcopal licence obligatory for schoolmasters, he probably intended to compel Oxford to give up the game. Finally, a charge of corruption brought by Oxford in July against Bolingbroke and Lady Masham, in connexion with the commercial treaty with Spain, failed, and the lord treasurer was dismissed or retired on 27 July 1714. The Queen died four days later, after appointing
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1164:, attacking the Walpoles, signed "an Occasional Writer". He won over the Duchess of Kendal with a bribe of £11,000 from his wife's estates, and with Walpole's approval obtained an audience with the king. His success was imminent, and it was thought his appointment as chief minister was assured. In Walpole's own words, "as St John had the duchess entirely on his side I need not add what must or might in time have been the consequence", and he prepared for his dismissal. But once more Bolingbroke's "fortune turned rotten at the very moment it grew ripe", and his projects and hopes were ruined by the king's death in June.
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1874:" which he opposed to the court party. Country parties had been formed before, for instance after the king's speech to Parliament in November 1685, but Bolingbroke was the first to state the need for a continual opposition to the government. To his mind the spirit of liberty was threatened by the court party's lust for power.
814:, and of one Other (presumably Oxford) whom he refused to name, all of whom were in communication with Hanover. Both Oxford and Bolingbroke warned James Stuart that he could have little chance of success unless he changed his religion, but the latter's refusal does not appear to have stopped the communications.
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limited thereof by the
Quinquepartite Indenture and other Assurances therein mentioned; and for limiting the same, in Default of Issue Male of the Body of the said late Viscount Bolingbroke, to the other Sons of Henry Viscount St. John successively in Tail Male; and for other Purposes therein expressed.
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offered to yield every point for which the allies professed to be fighting, showed that the war was not being continued in the national interest, and the queen, Parliament and the people supported the ministry in its wish to terminate hostilities. Because of the diversity of aims among the allies, St
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in explanation of his position, generally considered one of his finest compositions, but not published till 1753 after his death. The same year, he formed a liaison with a widow Marie Claire
Deschamps de Marcilly, whom he married in 1720, two years after his first wife's death. He bought and resided
845:
the illuminations and bonfire at Lord
Bolingbroke's house in Golden Square were "particularly fine and remarkable", but he was immediately dismissed from office. The new king had been close to the Whigs but he was willing to bring in Tories. The Tories however refused to serve and gambled everything
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for a considerable fortune, setting the price at three guineas (three pounds and three shillings), a clear indication of the importance and value of the text. In a letter to Dr. Cadell in July 1765, Millar wrote "I never sold a
Bolingbroke in quarto under 3 guineas ... Wren paid so and I can't
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In June 1712, St John's commercial treaty with France, establishing free trade with that country, was rejected by the House of
Commons. The treaty was presented in the Commons by Arthur Moore as St John had been created Viscount Bolingbroke earlier that year. A major campaign was waged against its
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An Act for enabling Henry St. John late
Viscount Bolingbroke, and the Heirs Male of his Body, notwithstanding his Attainder, to take and enjoy several Manors, Lands, and Hereditaments, in the Counties of Wilts, Surrey, and Middlesex, according to such Estates and Interests as to him or them are
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was badly botched and the death of Louis XIV meant the
Pretender had lost his major sponsor; King Louis XV wanted peace with Britain and refused to endorse any further schemes. In March 1716, Bolingbroke switched sides again. He had lost his titles and property when Parliament voted a bill of
1827:(1910) to be a man of brilliant and versatile talents, but selfish, insincere and intriguing, defects of character which arguably led to his political ruin; and his writings were described as glittering, artificial and lacking philosophical merit. Philip Chesney Yorke, his biographer in the
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in parliament. He supported the bill for requiring a real property qualification for a seat in parliament. In 1711 he founded the
Brothers' Club, a society of Tory politicians and men of letters, and the same year witnessed the failure of the two expeditions to the
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records the last words heard from him: "God who placed me here will do what He pleases with me hereafter and He knows best what to do". He died on 12 December 1751, aged 73, his second wife having predeceased him by one year. They were both buried in
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and not published. Having failed, however, to obtain any share in politics, he returned to France in 1739, and subsequently sold Dawley. In 1742 and 1743, he again visited
England and quarrelled with Warburton. In 1744, he settled finally at
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made an attempt on Harley's life, Bolingbroke assumed temporary leadership of the ministry's affairs. His difficulty in controlling the Tory back-benchers, however, only made Harley's absence the more noticeable. In May, Harley obtained the
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came to London and made a final vain attempt to reconcile his two friends. But now a further cause of difference had arisen. The queen's health was visibly breaking, and the Tory ministers anticipated their downfall on the accession of the
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by
Humphrey Oldcastle, attacking Walpole's policy. Comment prompted by Bolingbroke was continued in the House of Commons by Wyndham, and great efforts were made to establish the alliance between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs. The
1244:, caused him to publish a correct version in 1749, and stirred up a further altercation with Warburton, who defended his friend against Bolingbroke's bitter aspersions, the latter, whose conduct was generally reprehended, publishing a
1764:. Adams said that he had read all of Bolingbroke's works at least five times; indeed, Bolingbroke's works were widely read in the American colonies, where they helped provide the foundation for the emerging nation's devotion to
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In March 1714, Herville, the French envoy in London, sent to de Torcy, the French foreign minister, the substance of two long conversations with Bolingbroke in which the latter advised patience till after the accession of
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1805:
lionized Bolingbroke as the "Founder of Modern Toryism", eradicating its "absurd and odious doctrines", and establishing its mission to subvert "Whig attempts to transform the English Constitution into an oligarchy".
1106:
1308:(a title granted to Bolingbroke's father in 1716), from whom the title has descended. Frederick was the son of the 1st Viscount's half-brother John St John, by his father's second wife Angelica Magdalena Pelissary.
525:
for treason, but reversed course and was allowed to return to England in 1723. According to Ruth Mack, "Bolingbroke is best known for his party politics, including the ideological history he disseminated in
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1768:. His vision of history as cycles of birth, growth, decline and death of a republic was influential in the colonies, as was his contention on liberty: that one is "free not from the law, but by the law".
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it. But this had been effected in consequence of a peremptory order of the king, against Walpole's wishes, who succeeded in maintaining his exclusion from the House of Lords. He now bought an estate at
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as security into possession of England, and the English troops deserted their allies almost on the battlefield. Subsequently, St John received the congratulations of the French foreign minister,
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and became lord treasurer, while in July, St John was greatly disappointed at receiving only his viscountcy instead of the earldom lately extinct in his family, and at being passed over for the
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756:". At least 40 from the Tories voted to reject the treaty. In August 1712, Bolingbroke went to France and signed an armistice between England and France for four months. Finally, the
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p. 58). The opposition had to be of a permanent nature to make sure that it would be looked at as a part of daily politics. It had on every occasion to confront the government (
1821:. By the early 20th century, the writings and career of Bolingbroke would make a weaker impression than they made on contemporaries. He was thought by the author in his biography in
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was first published in March 1754 in five quarto volumes, and it was made popular by its controversial outlooks on religion. A decade later, the highly successful London bookseller
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712:, who had succeeded Marlborough in command, to refrain from any further engagement. These instructions were communicated to the French, though not to the allies, Louis putting
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Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke and his second wife Mary Clara des Champs de Marcilly monument in St Mary's Church, Battersea - both epitaphs were written by Henry himself
736:
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Liberty could only be safeguarded by an opposition party that used "constitutional methods and a legal course of opposition to the excesses of legal and ministerial power" (
1158:'s rupture with Walpole in 1726, he endeavoured to organize an opposition in conjunction with the former and Wyndham; and in 1727, began his celebrated series of letters to
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687:, by whom he was treated with favour. In 1708, he left office with Harley on the failure of the latter's intrigue, and retired to the country till 1710, when he became a
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p. 170). It was not enough to be eager to speak, keen to act. "They who affect to head an opposition ... must be equal, at least, to those whom they oppose" (
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in 1733 and the Septennial Bill in 1734 offered opportunities for further attacks on the government, which Bolingbroke supported by a new series of papers in the
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Bolingbroke followed an erratic course that baffled his contemporaries and historians. He retired to Bucklebury and is said to have now written the answer to the
150:
87:
2088:
The Works of Lord Bolingbroke: With a Life, Prepared Expressly for This Edition, Containing Additional Information Relative to His Personal and Public Character,
1109:, he received a pardon and returned to London. Walpole reluctantly accepted his return. In 1725, Parliament enabled him to hold real estate but without power of
660:. In May, he had charge of the bill for securing the Protestant succession; he took part in the impeachment of the Whig lords for their conduct concerning the
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styled "A Dissertation on Parties"; but the whole movement collapsed after the new elections, which returned Walpole to power in 1735 with a large majority.
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In 1744, he had been very busy assisting in the negotiations for the establishment of the new "broad bottom" administration, and showed no sympathy for the
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Meanwhile, the friendship between Bolingbroke and Harley, the basis of the whole Tory administration, had been gradually dissolved. In March 1711, when the
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798:. During Bolingbroke's diplomatic mission to France he had incurred blame for remaining at the opera while the Pretender was present, and according to the
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1801:
he exclaims, "Who now reads Bolingbroke, who ever read him through?" Burke denied that Bolingbroke's words left "any permanent impression on his mind".
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p. 117). He instructed the opposition party to "Wrest the power of government, if you can, out of the hands that employed it weakly and wickedly" (
295:
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An act for the attainder of Henry viscount Bolingbroke of high treason, unless he shall render himself to justice by a day certain therein mentioned.
572:, his name does not appear on registers for either institution and there is no evidence to support either claim. It is possible he was educated at a
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652:(afterwards Lord Oxford), then Speaker of the House of Commons, and distinguished himself by his eloquence in debate, eclipsing his schoolfellow,
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He travelled to France, Switzerland and Italy during 1698 and 1699 and acquired an exceptional knowledge of French. St John made friends with the
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John was induced to enter into separate and secret negotiations with France for the security of English interests. In May 1712, he ordered the
497:; 16 September 1678 – 12 December 1751) was an English politician, government official and political philosopher. He was a leader of the
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594:, who advised him: "There appears indeed amongst us a strong disposition to liberty, but neither honesty nor virtue enough to support it".
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p. 61). He considered a party that systematically opposed the government to be more appealing than a party that did so occasionally (
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on an election, which they lost. The triumphant Whigs systematically removed the Tories from most of the posts nationally and regionally.
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was made by the Whigs the occasion of a great demonstration of indignation against the peace, and by Bolingbroke for presenting the actor
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532:(1726–1735) by adopting the formerly Whig theory of the Ancient Constitution and giving it new life as an anti-Walpole Tory principle."
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p. 42). This work could be done only by a homogeneous party "because such a party alone will submit to a drudgery of this kind" (
1765:
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1289:, where a monument with medallions and inscriptions composed by Bolingbroke was erected to their memory. The monument was sculpted by
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810:, when a great reaction was to be expected in favour of the Pretender. At the same time, he spoke of the treachery of Marlborough and
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of his age, and to mix licentious orgies with the highest political responsibilities. In 1700, he married Frances, daughter of Sir
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2091:(Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1841) Vol 3, pp. 40–64. Also available on Project Gutenberg as "Letter to Alexander Pope" in
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679:, and took a leading part in the disputes which arose between the two Houses. In 1704, St John took office with Harley as
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Bolingbroke held certain views of opposition to church and theological teachings that may have had influence during the
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1834:, commented that his abilities were exercised upon ephemeral objects, and not inspired by lasting or universal ideas.
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Bolingbroke fled in disguise to Paris—a major blunder. In an even greater blunder he joined the Pretender, was made
857:. In March 1715, he in vain attempted to defend the late ministry in the new parliament; and on the announcement of
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Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, September 2013, accessed 18 October 2017, short scholarly biography
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See e.g., Henry St. John Viscount Bolingbroke, "Letters or Essays Addressed to Alexander Pope: Introduction",
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2337:(With 1877 preface) (first ed.). New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1,3, and 5 Bond Street. p. 343.
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Lashmore-Davies, Adrian C., ed. "The Correspondence of Henry St. John and Sir William Trumbull, 1698–1710",
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1240:, and was present at Pope's death in May. The discovery that the poet had printed secretly 1,500 copies of
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Bolingbroke retired baffled and disappointed from the fray to France in June, residing principally at the
982:. c. 16). He hoped to recover the good graces of King George, and indeed managed to do so in a few years.
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transcripts he had several secret interviews with him. Regular communications were kept up subsequently.
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Bolingbroke was especially influential in stating the need and outlining the machinery of a systematic
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War Trade and Neutrality Europe and the Mediterranean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
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with a purse of fifty guineas for "defending the cause of liberty against a perpetual dictator".
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was signed in March 1713 by all the allies except the emperor. The first production of Addison's
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66:
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998:, studied philosophy, criticized the chronology of the Bible, and was visited amongst others by
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2010:
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The Philosophical Works of the Late Right Honourable Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1748:
In the late 20th century, Bolingbroke was rediscovered by historians as a major influence on
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reported that he had been seen to "run naked through the park in a state of intoxication".
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and Voltaire, took part in Pope's literary squabbles, and wrote the philosophy for Pope's
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633:
541:
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2460:"The manuscripts, Letter from Andrew Millar to Dr. Cadell, July 16,1765. See footnote 27"
2023:(Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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and to Canada promoted by him. In 1712, he was the author of the bill taxing newspapers.
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Literary Historicity: Literature and Historical Experience in Eighteenth-century Britain
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Dickinson, H. T., ed. "The Letters of Henry St. John to the Earl of Orrery, 1709–1711"
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in imitation of Bolingbroke's style, but in refutation of his principles; and in the
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The refusal of the Whigs to make peace with France in 1706, and again in 1709 when
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1211:. In 1738, he visited England, became one of the leading friends and advisers of
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The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1992:
The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
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The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
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The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1968:
The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1960:
The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1952:
The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1944:
The works of the late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1935:
H. T. Dickinson (ed.). "Letters of Bolingbroke to the Earl of Orrery, 1712–13",
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The Works of the Late Right Honorable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke
1901:
pp. 62, 63). This opposition had to prepare itself to control government (
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668:". In March 1702, he was chosen commissioner for taking the public accounts.
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He became a Member of Parliament in 1701, representing the family borough of
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2568:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–164.
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Bolingbroke and his circle: the politics of nostalgia in the age of Walpole
1923:
The Letters and Correspondence of Henry St John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke.
1134:(1734), which, at Epistle I, begins: "To Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke:
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2442:'Discordant Parties': A Study of the Acceptance of Party by Englishmen",
2383:
Republicanism: Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe
1749:
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1452:
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West, Chris. "Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, 1st Viscount (1678–1751)" in
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2723:"Archival material relating to Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke"
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1601:
1002:, who expressed unbounded admiration for his learning and politeness.
3763:
3564:
3352:
3327:
3317:
3287:
3272:
1606:
1107:
Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal and Munster
945:
324:
2521:
Statesmanship and party government: A study of Burke and Bolingbroke
1207:(printed privately before his death and published in 1752), and the
2577: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1175:
He wrote additional essays signed "John Trot" that appeared in the
675:'s accession, St John supported the bills in 1702 and 1704 against
3793:
3282:
3217:
2739:
2548:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1315:
1250:
1166:
1021:
1004:
827:
730:
418:
1026:
Engraving showing Dawley House, before Saint John's improvements.
3788:
3212:
2643:
Bolingbroke's political writings: the conservative Enlightenment
2347:
Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis p.331
1814:
1337:
3161:
2496:"St John, Henry, styled first Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1751)"
2333:
Lecky, William Edward Harpole (1888). "Volume I, Chapter III".
1939:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1992), pp. 349–371.
1932:(London: The Royal Historical Society, 1975), pp. 137–199.
3357:
3252:
973:, and took charge of foreign affairs in the Stuart court. The
691:
and secretary of state in Harley's new ministry, representing
501:, and supported the Church of England politically despite his
1937:
Camden Miscellany, Vol. XXXI. Camden Fourth Series. Volume 44
1930:
Camden Miscellany, vol. XXVI. Camden Fourth Series. Volume 14
1858:, in reference to Bolingbroke's statements against religion.
604:, his intimate friend, said that he wanted to be thought the
564:. Although it has been asserted that St John was educated at
2703:
Royal Berkshire History: Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke
2596:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. pp. 40–41 – via
1215:, who now headed the opposition, and wrote for the occasion
1320:
Portrait of Henry St John attributed to Jonathan Richardson
817:
Bolingbroke gradually superseded Oxford in the leadership.
477:
1809:
The loss of Bolingbroke's great speeches was regretted by
486:
468:
451:
2694:
Works by or about Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
1268:. He recommended the tutor for Prince George, afterwards
474:
454:
445:
5096:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Berkshire
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
1009:
Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. Attributed to
65:
Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke. Attributed to
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
1846:. The atheist antireligious French-German philosopher
2593:
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
489:
457:
448:
442:
2708:
Portraits of Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
1154:
On the first occasion which offered itself, that of
1105:
In 1723, through the medium of the king's mistress,
624:, but this made little difference to his lifestyle.
517:. Escaping to France he became foreign minister for
483:
480:
471:
465:
4885:
4654:
4302:
4035:
3915:
3834:
3746:
3737:
3603:
3437:
3366:
3195:
1093:
1088:
1072:
1061:
1035:
956:
944:
939:
929:
924:
911:
901:
875:
656:, and gaining an extraordinary ascendancy over the
462:
439:
401:
382:
365:
355:
334:
310:
305:
289:
277:
267:
249:
237:
225:
217:
199:
187:
175:
167:
149:
137:
125:
104:
86:
41:
683:, thus being brought into intimate relations with
1225:The State of Parties at the Accession of George I
5086:Secretaries of state for the Southern Department
5081:Secretaries of state for the Northern Department
2685:Works by Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
2631:Lord Bolingbroke: contributions to The Craftsman
1246:Familiar Epistle to the most Impudent Man Living
1136:
664:, and opposed the oath of loyalty against the "
3023:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
2996:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
2381:Martin van Gelderen and Quentin Skinner, eds.
1037:Henry St John Bolingbroke Restitution Act 1724
151:Secretary of State for the Northern Department
88:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
27:English politician and philosopher (1678–1751)
3173:
1718:
8:
5121:Peers of Great Britain created by Queen Anne
3679:
2399:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 100.
2105:
2103:
1462:
3615:
2671:. Vol. 4 (9th ed.). pp. 4–7.
2662:"Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke"
2123:The philosophical works of Lord Bolingbroke
2094:Letters to Sir William Windham and Mr. Pope
1139:Awake, my St. John! leave all meaner things
861:'s intended attack upon the authors of the
163:21 September 1710 – 17 August 1713
30:For other people named Henry St. John, see
3743:
3180:
3166:
3158:
2752:
2731:
2714:
1824:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English
1725:
1711:
1323:
1147:Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man;
1032:
877:Attainder of Viscount Bolingbroke Act 1714
872:
59:
38:
5116:Viscounts in the Peerage of Great Britain
2588:Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, 1st Viscount
2335:History of England in the XVIIIth Century
1278:Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield
1143:Let us (since life can little more supply
2680:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
2621:, ed. S. W. Jackman (Indianapolis, 1965)
2446:Vol. 73, No. 4 (Dec. 1958), pp. 505–529
1219:, which together with a previous essay,
1141:To low ambition, and the pride of kings.
540:Henry St John was most probably born at
100:17 August 1713 – 31 August 1714
4763:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2676:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
2500:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2081:
2079:
2075:
2009:University Press of the Pacific, 2001.
1813:more than that of the missing books of
1335:
1306:Frederick St John, 3rd Viscount St John
1149:A mighty maze! but not without a plan;
685:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
513:which sought to overthrow the new king
431:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
425:Argent, on a chief gules two mullets or
2426:
2413:Whigs and Whiggism: political writings
1145:Than just to look about us and to die)
560:, and Lady Mary Rich, daughter of the
2625:Lord Bolingbroke: historical writings
2528:The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
2356:
2320:
2293:
2266:
2237:
2207:
2007:The Works of Lord Bolingbroke, Vol 1.
1296:He was succeeded in the title as 2nd
1122:, where he renewed his intimacy with
7:
2556:Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount
2523:(University of Chicago Press, 2012).
1798:Reflections on the French Revolution
5126:Recipients of British royal pardons
4873:The End of History and the Last Man
4783:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3119:The Earl of Clarendon and Rochester
2745:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1783:derived their political ideas from
1171:Henry St John retired in June 1735.
832:Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke
590:and corresponded with the Tory Sir
390:Henry St John, 1st Viscount St John
18:Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke
2617:H. St John, Viscount Bolingbroke,
1918:32, no. 3 (2008), pp. 23–179.
1870:. Such an opposition he called a "
25:
2712:National Portrait Gallery, London
2627:, ed. I. Kramnick (Chicago, 1972)
2516:(Cornell University Press, 1992).
2370:Encyclopedia of Political Thought
2003:, new ed., Vol. 8 (London, 1809).
1995:, new ed., Vol. 7 (London, 1809).
1987:, new ed., Vol. 6 (London, 1809).
1979:, new ed., Vol. 5 (London, 1809).
1971:, new ed., Vol. 4 (London, 1809).
1963:, new ed., Vol. 3 (London, 1809).
1955:, new ed., Vol. 2 (London, 1809).
1947:, new ed., Vol. 1 (London, 1809).
1181:Remarks on the History of England
851:Secret History of the White Staff
743:. Engraving after a painting by
75:National Portrait Gallery, London
4843:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2572:
2541:
2191:(London: Constable, 1970), p. 2.
1347:
1048:
994:at the estate of La Source near
888:
435:
405:
3650:Family as a model for the state
2637:Bolingbroke: political writings
2554:Yorke, Philip Chesney (1911). "
2395:Durant, Will and Ariel (1965).
2021:Bolingbroke: Political Writings
1752:, and on the American patriots
1236:with his friend Hugh Hume, 3rd
1205:Letters on the Study of History
735:Bolingbroke pictured alongside
644:at Lydiard Tregoze, now in the
263:July 1715 – March 1716
32:Henry St. John (disambiguation)
5176:British political philosophers
5000:Separation of church and state
4898:Collectivism and individualism
4853:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2491:(Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1974).
2416:. Macmillan. pp. 218–220.
1793:Vindication of Natural Society
1179:in 1728, and in 1730 followed
951:Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1977
739:, together with a portrait of
554:Sir Henry St John, 4th Baronet
1:
5171:Earls in the Jacobite peerage
5141:Jacobite Secretaries of State
5040:Category:Political philosophy
4913:Critique of political economy
2612:The works of Lord Bolingbroke
2036:, 3 vol. 1776, reprint 2005.
1887:On the idea of a Patriot King
1879:On the Idea of a Patriot King
989:, and in 1717, his letter to
720:, on the French victory over
5131:Fellows of the Royal Society
4938:Institutional discrimination
4933:History of political thought
3665:Negative and positive rights
2740:"Henry St. John Bolingbroke"
2509:(1970), scholarly biography.
4948:Justification for the state
4733:Two Treatises of Government
3050:Jacobite Secretary of State
2820:Parliament of Great Britain
2813:Parliament of Great Britain
2444:Political Science Quarterly
2410:Disraeli, Benjamin (1914).
2048:The Idea of a Patriot King.
1903:On the Spirit of Patriotism
1899:On the Spirit of Patriotism
1895:On the Spirit of Patriotism
1891:On the Spirit of Patriotism
1883:On the Spirit of Patriotism
1677:Traditionalist conservatism
1274:Present State of the Nation
1272:. About 1749, he wrote the
1266:Jacobite expedition in 1745
1055:Parliament of Great Britain
895:Parliament of Great Britain
825:to the lord treasurership.
752:approval under the slogan "
519:James Francis Edward Stuart
272:James Francis Edward Stuart
251:Jacobite Secretary of State
73: 1712 (NPG 593 at the
5202:
5186:British religious sceptics
3618:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2880:Member for Wootton Bassett
2619:The idea of a patriot king
2167:. Stanford UP. p. 8.
1850:quotes Bolingbroke in his
1276:, an unfinished pamphlet.
1213:Frederick, Prince of Wales
1030:United Kingdom legislation
870:United Kingdom legislation
640:, as a Tory. His seat was
511:Jacobite rebellion of 1715
29:
5091:Lord-lieutenants of Essex
5035:
3146:
3137:
3132:
3125:
3115:
3106:
3098:
3088:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3060:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
3056:
3047:
3039:
3029:
3020:
3012:
3002:
2993:
2985:
2975:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2939:
2919:
2907:
2893:
2877:
2865:
2851:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2774:
2762:
2755:
2505:Dickinson, Harry Thomas.
1662:Spanish American royalism
1047:
1042:
887:
882:
648:. He attached himself to
552:. St John was the son of
413:
301:
296:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
256:
206:
156:
93:
82:
58:
4823:The Revolt of the Masses
3127:Peerage of Great Britain
3082:Lord Lieutenant of Essex
2639:, ed. D. Armitage (1997)
1868:parliamentary opposition
1838:Enlightenment philosophy
1744:Republicanism in America
1537:1st Viscount Bolingbroke
1472:Conservative corporatism
1221:The Spirit of Patriotism
853:accusing him of being a
505:views and opposition to
48:The Viscount Bolingbroke
4803:The Communist Manifesto
3729:Tyranny of the majority
3640:Consent of the governed
3109:Senior Privy Counsellor
2668:Encyclopædia Britannica
2645:, ed. B. Cottret (1997)
2565:Encyclopædia Britannica
2464:millar-project.ed.ac.uk
1916:Eighteenth-Century Life
1830:Encyclopædia Britannica
1740:, was named after him.
1423:Traditional Catholicism
1285:, the parish church at
978:attainder for treason (
375:Marie Claire des Champs
5071:People from Bucklebury
3680:
3630:Clash of civilizations
3616:
2943:Sir John Stonhouse, Bt
2935:Sir John Stonhouse, Bt
2915:Sir John Stonhouse, Bt
2489:Bolingbroke and Harley
2060:was still selling the
1552:1st Duke of Wellington
1463:
1321:
1256:
1209:True Use of Retirement
1172:
1152:
1027:
1014:
833:
754:No Peace Without Spain
748:
427:
5166:English MPs 1705–1707
5161:English MPs 1702–1705
5156:English MPs 1701–1702
5111:British MPs 1710–1713
5106:British MPs 1708–1710
5101:British MPs 1707–1708
5076:People from Battersea
3645:Divine right of kings
3102:The Earl of Dartmouth
3016:The Earl of Dartmouth
2828:Parliament of England
2757:Parliament of England
2633:, ed. S. Varey (1982)
2519:Mansfield, Harvey C.
2279:Alimento, Antonella.
2065:now alter the price".
2019:Armitage, David, ed.
1532:1st Earl of Rochester
1522:1st Earl of Clarendon
1477:Divine right of kings
1319:
1304:, by his half-nephew
1254:
1170:
1025:
1008:
987:Reflexions upon Exile
831:
734:
677:occasional conformity
570:Christ Church, Oxford
544:, the family seat in
422:
132:The Earl of Dartmouth
4793:Democracy in America
4172:political philosophy
4155:political philosophy
3970:political philosophy
3799:political philosophy
3709:Separation of powers
3670:Night-watchman state
3655:Monopoly on violence
3189:Political philosophy
3140:Viscount Bolingbroke
2922:Member of Parliament
2834:Member of Parliament
2800:John Morton Pleydell
2777:Member of Parliament
2727:UK National Archives
2584:Cousin, John William
2149:God and Human Beings
2046:Jackman, S. W., ed.
1844:Age of Enlightenment
1772:Influence in Britain
1738:Bolingbroke, Georgia
1298:Viscount Bolingbroke
1227:, were entrusted to
1197:château of Argeville
841:On the accession of
548:, and christened in
44:The Right Honourable
4983:Right-wing politics
4863:A Theory of Justice
4833:The Road to Serfdom
4753:The Social Contract
3460:Christian democracy
3092:The Earl of Suffolk
2397:The Age of Voltaire
2296:, pp. 162–163.
2240:, pp. 161–162.
2228:Dickinson, pp. 3–4.
2219:Dickinson, pp. 2–3.
2050:Indianapolis, 1965.
1458:Cavalier Parliament
1300:, according to the
1203:. He now wrote his
991:Sir William Wyndham
967:Earl of Bolingbroke
784:Order of the Garter
775:Marquis de Guiscard
745:Sir Godfrey Kneller
562:3rd Earl of Warwick
509:. He supported the
4995:Political violence
4990:Political theology
4973:Left-wing politics
4968:Political spectrum
2954:Political offices
2438:Caroline Robbins,
2161:Ruth Mack (2009).
2109:D'Holbach, Baron.
1322:
1257:
1173:
1028:
1015:
834:
796:Elector of Hanover
789:In September 1713
749:
737:the earl of Oxford
662:Partition treaties
646:Borough of Swindon
574:Dissenting academy
428:
372:Frances Winchcombe
67:Alexis Simon Belle
5136:English Jacobites
5048:
5047:
4958:Philosophy of law
4903:Conflict theories
4743:The Spirit of Law
4650:
4649:
3699:Original position
3156:
3155:
3150:Frederick St John
3147:Succeeded by
3116:Succeeded by
3089:Succeeded by
3057:Succeeded by
3030:Succeeded by
3003:Succeeded by
2976:Succeeded by
2940:Succeeded by
2930:1710–1712
2894:Succeeded by
2852:Succeeded by
2842:1707–1708
2811:Succeeded by
2785:1701–1707
2689:Project Gutenberg
2512:Kramnick, Isaac.
2494:Dickinson, H. T.
2368:Garrett Sheldon,
2187:H. T. Dickinson,
1803:Benjamin Disraeli
1735:
1734:
1572:Winston Churchill
1376:Counterrevolution
1302:special remainder
1238:Earl of Marchmont
1103:
1102:
1043:Act of Parliament
1018:Pardon and return
963:
962:
940:Other legislation
883:Act of Parliament
863:Treaty of Utrecht
780:earldom of Oxford
758:Treaty of Utrecht
741:Francis Atterbury
423:Arms of St John:
417:
416:
318:16 September 1678
16:(Redirected from
5193:
5151:English MPs 1701
4963:Political ethics
4953:Machiavellianism
4893:Authoritarianism
4878:
4868:
4858:
4848:
4838:
4828:
4818:
4808:
4798:
4788:
4778:
4768:
4758:
4748:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4708:
4698:
4688:
4678:
4668:
3744:
3685:
3621:
3611:Balance of power
3585:Social democracy
3580:Social Darwinism
3555:Multiculturalism
3500:Environmentalism
3475:Communitarianism
3182:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3099:Preceded by
3072:Preceded by
3067:Honorary titles
3040:Preceded by
3013:Preceded by
2986:Preceded by
2969:Secretary at War
2959:Preceded by
2908:Preceded by
2866:Preceded by
2826:Preceded by
2763:Preceded by
2753:
2749:
2735:
2730:
2718:
2698:Internet Archive
2672:
2664:
2614:, 4 vols. (1969)
2601:
2576:
2569:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2487:Biddle, Sheila.
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2125:Volume 2, p. 287
2120:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2083:
1785:The Patriot King
1758:Thomas Jefferson
1727:
1720:
1713:
1596:
1567:G. K. Chesterton
1547:3rd Earl of Bute
1527:Roger L'Estrange
1511:
1468:
1447:
1360:
1351:
1340:
1324:
1242:The Patriot King
1217:The Patriot King
1052:
1051:
1038:
1033:
975:uprising of 1715
971:Jacobite Peerage
958:Status: Repealed
892:
891:
878:
873:
728:(24 July 1712).
689:privy counsellor
681:secretary at war
658:House of Commons
614:Henry Winchcombe
598:Oliver Goldsmith
592:William Trumball
558:Viscount St John
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
409:
341:
338:12 December 1751
306:Personal details
292:
280:
261:
240:
228:
211:
201:Secretary at War
190:
178:
161:
140:
128:
98:
63:
39:
21:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5031:
5020:Totalitarianism
4881:
4876:
4866:
4856:
4846:
4836:
4826:
4816:
4806:
4796:
4786:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4726:
4716:
4706:
4696:
4693:Treatise on Law
4686:
4676:
4666:
4646:
4304:
4298:
4037:
4031:
3917:
3911:
3830:
3733:
3719:State of nature
3714:Social contract
3694:Ordered liberty
3682:Noblesse oblige
3599:
3433:
3362:
3191:
3186:
3152:
3143:
3121:
3112:
3104:
3094:
3085:
3077:
3075:The Earl Rivers
3062:
3053:
3045:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3008:
3006:William Bromley
2999:
2991:
2981:
2972:
2964:
2949:
2945:
2931:
2929:
2917:
2913:
2911:Richard Neville
2903:
2901:Edmund Pleydell
2899:
2897:Richard Goddard
2889:Richard Goddard
2885:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2857:
2843:
2841:
2838:Wootton Bassett
2829:
2814:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2792:1701, 1702–1705
2786:
2784:
2781:Wootton Bassett
2772:
2768:
2738:
2721:
2657:Adamson, Robert
2655:
2652:
2608:
2606:Primary sources
2582:
2553:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2484:
2482:Further reading
2479:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2363:
2359:, pp. 164.
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2323:, pp. 163.
2319:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2283:. FrancoAngeli.
2278:
2277:
2273:
2269:, pp. 162.
2265:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2195:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2151:pp. 64, 80, 104
2146:
2142:
2134:Allen, Brooke,
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2084:
2077:
2072:
1921:Parke, G., ed.
1911:
1864:
1848:Baron d'Holbach
1840:
1774:
1746:
1731:
1702:
1701:
1697:Veronese Easter
1597:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1562:Stanley Baldwin
1512:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1492:Oxford Movement
1448:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1412:Noblesse oblige
1396:Interventionism
1361:
1359:Characteristics
1358:
1338:
1329:Politics series
1314:
1262:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1132:An Essay on Man
1057:
1049:
1036:
1031:
1020:
980:1 Geo. 1. St. 2
959:
918:1 Geo. 1. St. 2
897:
889:
876:
871:
839:
710:Duke of Ormonde
634:Wootton Bassett
630:
542:Lydiard Tregoze
538:
461:
438:
434:
397:
378:
356:Political party
348:
343:
339:
327:
319:
317:
316:
290:
278:
262:
257:
238:
226:
212:
207:
194:William Bromley
188:
176:
162:
157:
138:
126:
121:
99:
94:
78:
54:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5199:
5197:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5146:St John family
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5053:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5010:Social justice
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4918:Egalitarianism
4915:
4910:
4908:Contractualism
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4839:
4829:
4819:
4809:
4799:
4789:
4779:
4769:
4759:
4749:
4739:
4729:
4719:
4709:
4699:
4689:
4679:
4669:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3704:Overton window
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:Libertarianism
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3046:
3043:Thomas Higgons
3041:
3037:
3036:
3033:James Stanhope
3031:
3028:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2979:Robert Walpole
2977:
2974:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2941:
2938:
2918:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2895:
2892:
2876:
2869:Francis Popham
2867:
2863:
2862:
2855:Francis Popham
2853:
2850:
2847:Francis Popham
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:Francis Popham
2773:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2736:
2719:
2705:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2651:
2650:External links
2648:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2570:
2560:Chisholm, Hugh
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2492:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2451:
2431:
2419:
2402:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2349:
2340:
2325:
2298:
2286:
2271:
2242:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2210:, p. 161.
2193:
2180:
2173:
2153:
2140:
2136:Moral Minority
2127:
2115:
2099:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2051:
2044:
2031:
2017:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1863:
1860:
1839:
1836:
1773:
1770:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Tory socialism
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1595:Related topics
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Samuel Johnson
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Family Compact
1479:
1474:
1469:
1465:Château Clique
1460:
1455:
1449:
1446:General topics
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:Traditionalism
1415:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1313:
1310:
1261:
1258:
1137:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1016:
1011:Charles Jervas
961:
960:
957:
954:
953:
948:
942:
941:
937:
936:
935:20 August 1715
933:
927:
926:
922:
921:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
893:
885:
884:
880:
879:
869:
838:
835:
791:Jonathan Swift
654:Robert Walpole
629:
626:
602:Jonathan Swift
588:Edward Hopkins
584:James Stanhope
537:
534:
415:
414:
411:
410:
403:
399:
398:
396:
395:
394:Lady Mary Rich
392:
386:
384:
380:
379:
377:
376:
373:
369:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
342:(aged 73)
336:
332:
331:
314:
312:
308:
307:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
284:Thomas Higgons
281:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
254:
253:
247:
246:
244:Robert Walpole
241:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
204:
203:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
154:
153:
147:
146:
144:James Stanhope
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
120:
119:
114:
108:
106:
102:
101:
91:
90:
84:
83:
80:
79:
64:
56:
55:
50:
47:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5198:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Jurisprudence
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:Rights of Man
4770:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4683:De re publica
4680:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:20th and 21st
4301:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:18th and 19th
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Nizam al-Mulk
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3575:Republicanism
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
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2971:
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2963:
2962:George Clarke
2957:
2952:
2948:
2947:Robert Packer
2944:
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2796:
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2790:Henry Pinnell
2783:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2770:Henry St John
2767:
2766:Henry Pinnell
2761:
2758:
2754:
2747:
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2599:
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2589:
2585:
2580:
2579:public domain
2575:
2571:
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2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2550:public domain
2539:
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2508:
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2486:
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2465:
2461:
2455:
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2449:
2445:
2435:
2432:
2429:, p. 41.
2428:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2406:
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2398:
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2209:
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2176:
2174:9780804759113
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2113:paragraph 206
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2058:Andrew Millar
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:1-4212-0061-9
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:0-521-58697-6
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:0-89875-352-X
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1925:4 vols. 1798.
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:p. 61).
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:country party
1869:
1862:Country Party
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
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1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1766:republicanism
1763:
1762:James Madison
1759:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1714:
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1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Robert Filmer
1515:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1498:
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1493:
1490:
1488:
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1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Fontainebleau
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:The Craftsman
1157:
1150:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
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1046:
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997:
992:
988:
985:He wrote his
983:
981:
976:
972:
968:
955:
952:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
932:
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826:
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820:
815:
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797:
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776:
771:
769:
765:
764:
759:
755:
746:
742:
738:
733:
729:
727:
723:
722:Prince Eugene
719:
715:
711:
706:
701:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
666:Old Pretender
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Robert Harley
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
535:
533:
531:
530:
529:The Craftsman
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:antireligious
500:
494:
432:
426:
421:
412:
408:
404:
400:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
381:
374:
371:
370:
368:
364:
361:
358:
354:
351:
350:Great Britain
346:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
315:Henry St John
313:
309:
304:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
282:
276:
273:
270:
266:
260:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
236:
233:
232:George Clarke
230:
224:
220:
216:
210:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
186:
183:
180:
174:
170:
166:
160:
155:
152:
148:
145:
142:
136:
133:
130:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
97:
92:
89:
85:
81:
76:
72:
68:
62:
57:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5024:
4923:Elite theory
4871:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4831:
4821:
4811:
4801:
4791:
4781:
4771:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4691:
4681:
4671:
4661:
4064:
3960:Guicciardini
3916:Early modern
3739:Philosophers
3689:Open society
3625:Body politic
3495:Distributism
3485:Conservatism
3480:Confucianism
3399:Gerontocracy
3389:Dictatorship
3343:Sovereignty
3333:Ruling class
3223:Emancipation
3208:Citizenship
3138:
3133:
3107:
3080:
3048:
3021:
2994:
2967:
2933:
2920:
2887:
2884:1710
2878:
2873:Robert Cecil
2859:Robert Cecil
2845:
2832:
2795:Thomas Jacob
2788:
2775:
2743:
2666:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2591:
2563:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2488:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2443:
2434:
2422:
2412:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2385:(2002) p. 41
2382:
2377:
2372:(2001) p. 36
2369:
2364:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2188:
2183:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2118:
2093:
2087:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2033:
2020:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1865:
1855:
1841:
1832:11th Edition
1829:
1822:
1811:William Pitt
1808:
1796:
1792:
1789:Edmund Burke
1784:
1775:
1747:
1736:
1682:Ultra-Tories
1622:Distributism
1617:Conservatism
1582:George Grant
1577:Enoch Powell
1557:Walter Scott
1536:
1410:
1391:High culture
1336:
1327:Part of the
1295:
1273:
1263:
1245:
1241:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1153:
1138:
1131:
1104:
1095:Royal assent
1082:
986:
984:
964:
931:Royal assent
867:
865:he gave up.
850:
848:
840:
816:
804:
788:
772:
768:Barton Booth
761:
750:
702:
671:After Queen
670:
642:Lydiard Park
631:
628:Early career
596:
578:
566:Eton College
539:
527:
430:
429:
424:
340:(1751-12-12)
291:Succeeded by
258:
239:Succeeded by
208:
189:Succeeded by
158:
139:Succeeded by
95:
36:
5066:1751 deaths
5061:1678 births
4797:(1835–1840)
4677:(c. 350 BC)
4667:(c. 375 BC)
4284:Tocqueville
4249:Saint-Simon
4214:Montesquieu
4065:Bolingbroke
3997:Machiavelli
3877:Ibn Khaldun
3842:Alpharabius
3835:Middle Ages
3660:Natural law
3635:Common good
3560:Nationalism
3520:Imperialism
3490:Corporatism
3465:Colonialism
3445:Agrarianism
3424:Technocracy
3404:Meritocracy
3384:Bureaucracy
3374:Aristocracy
2989:Henry Boyle
2507:Bolingbroke
2427:Cousin 1910
2189:Bolingbroke
1652:Reactionary
1385:Anglicanism
1381:High Church
1366:Agrarianism
1186:Excise Bill
1099:31 May 1725
946:Repealed by
819:Lady Masham
698:West Indies
279:Preceded by
227:Preceded by
182:Henry Boyle
177:Preceded by
127:Preceded by
5055:Categories
5005:Separatism
4813:On Liberty
4713:The Prince
4442:Huntington
3945:Campanella
3872:al-Ghazali
3821:Thucydides
3779:Lactantius
3724:Statolatry
3550:Monarchism
3530:Liberalism
3455:Capitalism
3438:Ideologies
3419:Plutocracy
3367:Government
3323:Revolution
3308:Propaganda
3258:Legitimacy
3233:Government
3144:1712–1751
3113:1750–1751
3086:1712–1714
3054:1715–1716
3027:1713–1714
3000:1710–1713
2973:1704–1708
2807:1706–1707
2598:Wikisource
2535:References
2357:Yorke 1911
2321:Yorke 1911
2294:Yorke 1911
2267:Yorke 1911
2238:Yorke 1911
2208:Yorke 1911
2147:Voltaire,
2111:Good Sense
1856:Good Sense
1791:wrote his
1781:George III
1754:John Adams
1692:Viva Maria
1667:Sanfedismo
1632:Legitimism
1487:Jacobitism
1406:Monarchism
1371:Classicism
1270:George III
1111:alienating
1063:Long title
903:Long title
823:Shrewsbury
800:Mackintosh
618:Bucklebury
606:Alcibiades
556:later 1st
536:Early life
4723:Leviathan
4703:Monarchia
4697:(c. 1274)
4532:Oakeshott
4477:Mansfield
4472:Luxemburg
4457:Kropotkin
4352:Bernstein
4305:centuries
4219:Nietzsche
4162:Jefferson
4090:Condorcet
4038:centuries
4017:Pufendorf
3882:Marsilius
3769:Confucius
3754:Aristotle
3747:Antiquity
3675:Noble lie
3595:Third Way
3590:Socialism
3515:Feudalism
3470:Communism
3450:Anarchism
3429:Theocracy
3414:Oligarchy
3394:Democracy
3379:Autocracy
3293:Pluralism
3278:Obedience
3243:Hierarchy
3203:Authority
3134:New title
2926:Berkshire
2802:1705–1706
2797:1701–1702
2586:(1910). "
1852:political
1647:Pink Tory
1642:Miguelism
1627:High Tory
1612:Cristeros
1497:Powellism
1453:Cavaliers
1291:Roubiliac
1287:Battersea
1283:St Mary's
1234:Battersea
1190:Craftsman
1177:Craftsman
1079:11 Geo. 1
705:Louis XIV
693:Berkshire
638:Wiltshire
622:Berkshire
610:Petronius
550:Battersea
546:Wiltshire
523:attainted
521:. He was
402:Signature
347:, London,
345:Battersea
321:Battersea
259:In office
213:1704–1708
209:In office
159:In office
96:In office
4978:Centrism
4673:Politics
4663:Republic
4632:Voegelin
4612:Spengler
4597:Shariati
4572:Rothbard
4527:Nussbaum
4427:Habermas
4402:Fukuyama
4392:Foucault
4317:Ambedkar
4294:Voltaire
4264:de Staël
4239:Rousseau
4120:Franklin
4095:Constant
4055:Beccaria
3887:Muhammad
3867:Gelasius
3852:Averroes
3826:Xenophon
3806:Polybius
3759:Chanakya
3604:Concepts
3570:Populism
3540:Localism
3525:Islamism
3510:Feminism
3409:Monarchy
3313:Property
3303:Progress
3268:Monopoly
3238:Hegemony
2659:(1878).
2448:in JSTOR
1750:Voltaire
1687:Vendéens
1657:Red Tory
1637:Loyalism
1433:Unionism
1428:Royalism
1401:Loyalism
1156:Pulteney
1120:Uxbridge
1074:Citation
1000:Voltaire
913:Citation
855:Jacobite
843:George I
808:George I
718:de Torcy
515:George I
507:theology
117:George I
105:Monarchs
5181:Toryism
5015:Statism
4928:Elitism
4886:Related
4687:(51 BC)
4617:Strauss
4592:Scruton
4587:Schmitt
4577:Russell
4497:Michels
4492:Maurras
4487:Marcuse
4447:Kautsky
4417:Gramsci
4412:Gentile
4382:Dworkin
4372:Du Bois
4367:Dmowski
4362:Chomsky
4357:Burnham
4342:Benoist
4312:Agamben
4279:Thoreau
4269:Stirner
4259:Spencer
4204:Mazzini
4194:Maistre
4189:Madison
4184:Le Play
4115:Fourier
4080:Carlyle
4060:Bentham
4050:Bastiat
4045:Bakunin
4022:Spinoza
4012:Müntzer
3982:Leibniz
3955:Grotius
3935:Bossuet
3902:Plethon
3847:Aquinas
3816:Sun Tzu
3784:Mencius
3774:Han Fei
3545:Marxism
3505:Fascism
3338:Society
3263:Liberty
3248:Justice
3228:Freedom
2710:at the
2696:at the
2678:at the
2581::
2562:(ed.).
2552::
2530:(2015).
1819:Tacitus
1607:Chouans
1602:Carlism
1510:People
1339:Toryism
1118:, near
996:Orléans
969:in the
920:. c. 16
859:Walpole
812:Berwick
714:Dunkirk
383:Parents
366:Spouses
329:England
268:Monarch
218:Monarch
168:Monarch
4877:(1992)
4867:(1971)
4857:(1951)
4847:(1945)
4837:(1944)
4827:(1929)
4817:(1859)
4807:(1848)
4787:(1820)
4777:(1791)
4767:(1790)
4757:(1762)
4747:(1748)
4737:(1689)
4727:(1651)
4717:(1532)
4707:(1313)
4637:Walzer
4627:Taylor
4582:Sartre
4547:Popper
4542:Pareto
4537:Ortega
4522:Nozick
4512:Mouffe
4462:Laclau
4422:Guénon
4407:Gandhi
4347:Berlin
4337:Bauman
4332:Badiou
4322:Arendt
4289:Tucker
4179:Le Bon
4140:Herder
4130:Haller
4125:Godwin
4110:Fichte
4105:Engels
4100:Cortés
4070:Bonald
4027:Suárez
4002:Milton
3992:Luther
3965:Hobbes
3950:Filmer
3940:Calvin
3925:Boétie
3918:period
3897:Ockham
3764:Cicero
3565:Nazism
3353:Utopia
3328:Rights
3318:Regime
3288:People
3273:Nation
2932:With:
2886:With:
2844:With:
2787:With:
2558:". In
2546:
2469:1 June
2171:
2040:
2027:
2013:
1312:Impact
1223:, and
1116:Dawley
726:Denain
499:Tories
325:Surrey
5026:Index
4655:Works
4642:Weber
4607:Spann
4602:Sorel
4567:Röpke
4562:Rawls
4517:Negri
4507:Mosca
4502:Mises
4467:Lenin
4437:Hoppe
4432:Hayek
4397:Fromm
4387:Evola
4377:Dugin
4274:Taine
4254:Smith
4234:Renan
4229:Paine
4150:Iqbal
4135:Hegel
4085:Comte
4075:Burke
3987:Locke
3977:James
3930:Bodin
3862:Dante
3857:Bruni
3811:Shang
3794:Plato
3348:State
3298:Power
3283:Peace
3218:Elite
3196:Terms
2138:p. 75
2070:Notes
2062:Works
1909:Works
1854:work
1260:Death
1199:near
1128:Swift
1089:Dates
1081:. c.
925:Dates
837:Exile
581:Whigs
4557:Rand
4552:Qutb
4452:Kirk
4327:Aron
4244:Sade
4224:Owen
4209:Mill
4199:Marx
4167:Kant
4145:Hume
4007:More
3907:Wang
3789:Mozi
3213:Duty
2924:for
2836:for
2779:for
2471:2016
2169:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1817:and
1815:Livy
1779:and
1777:Bute
1760:and
1229:Pope
1124:Pope
763:Cato
673:Anne
586:and
568:and
360:Tory
335:Died
311:Born
221:Anne
171:Anne
112:Anne
4622:Sun
4482:Mao
3358:War
3253:Law
2687:at
2590:".
724:at
636:in
616:of
608:or
5057::
2742:.
2725:.
2665:.
2498:,
2462:.
2301:^
2245:^
2196:^
2102:^
2078:^
1787:.
1756:,
1331:on
1293:.
1126:,
1083:40
786:.
620:,
576:.
452:dʒ
323:,
77:).
71:c.
69:,
52:PC
3181:e
3174:t
3167:v
2748:.
2729:.
2600:.
2473:.
2440:"
2177:.
2097:.
1726:e
1719:t
1712:v
1387:)
1383:(
1248:.
1013:.
747:.
493:/
490:k
487:ʊ
484:r
481:b
478:ŋ
475:ɪ
472:l
469:ɒ
466:b
463:ˈ
458:n
455:ɪ
449:n
446:ɪ
443:s
440:ˈ
437:/
433:(
34:.
20:)
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