803:
812:
710:
484:
1030:
377:
944:
47:
262:
3997:
638:
868:
440:, had been raised as Protestants. British Protestants had expected Mary, from his father's first marriage, to succeed their father. This possibility had kept Protestants somewhat content, with his rule a temporary inconvenience. Now that Mary or Anne's succession was in doubt with this new Catholic son and heir, discontent grew, already stoked by James II's actions which had alienated Tory Anglicans who had previously been inclined to honour him as sovereign even if they differed in religion. This movement would become the
4999:
4479:
3346:
4743:
965:
609:
correspondence with him. They both stated to James that his conversion to
Protestantism would facilitate his accession. However, James, a devout Catholic, replied to Torcy: "I have chosen my own course, therefore it is for others to change their sentiments." In March came James's refusal to convert, following which Harley and Bolingbroke reached the opinion that James's accession was not feasible, though they maintained their correspondence with him.
961:, but the offer was never formally made to James. Several separate plans also involved Charles being given control of a French-backed independent Ireland, though that too was aborted after Charles showed up at a meeting with the French to discuss the plan late, argumentative, and idealistic in expectations, so that the French dismissed the possibility of Jacobite assistance.
3318:
456:, which Louis XIV had turned over to the exiled James II. Both the ex-king and his family were held in great consideration by the French king (who was his first cousin), and they were frequent visitors at Versailles where Louis XIV and his court treated them as ruling monarchs. In June 1692 his sister
418:
His birth was unexpected, coming five years after his mother's tenth and last pregnancy, none of which produced a child that survived more than a few days. The birth reignited controversies of religion, as the new son would be raised
Catholic. Wild rumours spread among British Anglicans: that the
1004:
Following James's death the pope refused to recognise the claim to the
British and Irish thrones of his elder son Charles, which had severely exacerbated the hostility between England and the Catholic Church. Instead, from 14 January 1766, in stages over the following decade, Rome accepted the
608:
Queen Anne became severely ill at
Christmas 1713 and seemed close to death. In January 1714, she recovered but clearly had little time to live. Through de Torcy and his London agent, Abbé François Gaultier, Harley maintained the correspondence with James and Bolingbroke entered into a separate
931:
of 1745. With the failure of this second rebellion, the Stuart hopes of regaining the
British throne were effectively destroyed. James and Charles later clashed repeatedly, and relations between them broke down completely when James played a role in the appointment of his son
593:, in which he claimed to desire James's accession to the throne should James convert to Protestantism. A year later, however, the British government pushed for James's expulsion from France as a precondition for a peace treaty with France. In accordance with the
802:
448:
landed in
England, backed by an army of English and Scottish exiles, as well as Dutch soldiers. Much of the English army promptly defected to William's cause, causing James II and his family to flee rather than stay and fight.
2760:
431:
years earlier. In an attempt to quash these rumours, James published the testimonies of over seventy witnesses to the birth. The line of succession to the throne was thrust into doubt. James II's eldest legitimate daughters,
956:
After the 1745 rising, there were no other plots to restore the Stuart dynasty except for when, in 1759, the French government briefly considered a scheme to have James (then aged 70) crowned King of
Ireland as part of
756:
Further efforts to restore the
Stuarts to the British throne were planned. In 1719 a major expedition left Spain but was forced to turn back due to weather. A small landing took place in the Scottish Highlands, but the
624:
as George I. James denounced him, noting "we have beheld a foreign family, aliens to our country, distant in blood, and strangers even to our language, ascend the throne". Following George's coronation in
October 1714,
783:, regardless of political affiliation. For many, it functioned as an unofficial consulate. Those in need of medical attention preferred being treated by one of their own countrymen. In 1735 court physicians tended to
765:. James had gone to Spain in the hope he could take part in the invasion, but following its abandonment was forced to return to Italy. A further attempt was planned in 1722, but following the exposure of the
2461:
2401:
2722:
1013:
in
Britain and Ireland. Two months after James's death, on 14 March, the royal arms of England were removed from the doorway of the Palazzo Muti. In 1792, the papacy specifically referred to
3070:
794:
James remained well-treated in Rome until his death. He was allowed to hold Protestant services at Court, and was given land where his Protestant adherents could receive a public burial.
2596:
Depositions Taken the 22d. of October 1688. before the Privy-Council and Peers of England; Relating to the Birth of the (then) Prince of Wales. Published by His Majesty's Special Command
427:. Protestants found it suspicious that everyone attending the birth was Catholic. Another rumour was that James II had not been the father; he was said to be impotent after a bout with
3109:
5032:
1109:
784:
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590:
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James served for a time as a volunteer in the French army, as his father had done during the interregnum. Between August and September 1710, Queen Anne appointed a new
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261:
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on 5 February 1716. The abandonment of his rebel allies caused ill-feeling against him in Scotland; nor was he welcomed on his return to France. His patron,
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4525:
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5709:
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5025:
3982:
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958:
563:
345:
753:. Such help enabled him to organise a Jacobite court at Rome, where, although he lived in splendour, he continued to suffer from fits of melancholy.
5804:
5553:
5509:
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709:
483:
3066:
811:
5794:
5239:
598:
586:
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5273:
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4284:
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690:
452:
On 9 December, Mary of Modena disguised herself as a laundress and escaped with the infant James to France. Young James was brought up at the
5724:
4189:
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3198:
2547:
2171:
654:
3093:
839:
5719:
5704:
5699:
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5300:
5018:
4601:
4304:
3534:
3113:
2649:
1095:
746:
571:
2197:
2668:
689:, had died on 1 September 1715, and the French government found him a political embarrassment. When France, hitherto his main protector,
620:, a German-speaking Lutheran who was the closest Protestant relative of the now-deceased Queen Anne, became king of the recently created
5449:
5418:
5402:
5371:
5320:
4875:
4823:
3481:
1507:
453:
980:
After a lingering illness, James died aged 77 on 1 January 1766, at his home, the Palazzo Muti in Rome, and was buried in the crypt of
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46:
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aimed at putting "James III and VIII" on the throne. On 22 December 1715, James reached Scotland after the Jacobite defeats at the
5784:
5754:
5566:
5489:
5423:
5330:
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5281:
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4641:
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3259:
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578:
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5376:
5351:
5260:
4807:
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as the legitimate rulers of Britain and Ireland; this was accompanied by a gradual relaxation and reform of the anti-Catholic
5607:
5234:
5193:
4216:
4097:
3911:
3881:
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and soon fell ill with fever, his illness made more severe by the icy Scottish winter. In January 1716, he set up court at
4478:
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3856:
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3816:
3801:
1314:
989:
337:
3322:
2573:
5764:
5714:
5602:
5366:
5244:
5188:
4082:
3916:
3637:
3236:
1685:
543:
437:
5558:
5514:
4032:
5397:
4175:
306:
5744:
5739:
5224:
4937:
4929:
4773:
4681:
4673:
4511:
4394:
4384:
4062:
3657:
3581:
3430:
3218:
3023:
2346:
1876:
940:, ending the possibility that he would produce a legitimate heir, infuriating Charles, who had not been consulted.
908:
519:
464:
20:
5809:
5734:
4209:
4164:
4149:
3946:
3921:
3871:
3831:
3701:
3652:
2623:
2075:
1723:
879:
872:
852:, was at one time suggested as a wife for James, but nothing came of it. In March 1717, while James was visiting
617:
169:
637:
5759:
5729:
5659:
5612:
5055:
4985:
4729:
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3826:
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992:. His claimed reign had lasted for 64 years, 3 months and 16 days, longer than any British monarch until Queen
698:
662:
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758:
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in England to visit him. Learning of the approach of government forces, he returned to France, sailing from
650:
361:
353:
349:
155:
867:
776:, for his British supporters and members of his court, none of which have ever been recognised in Britain.
5814:
5183:
5142:
4169:
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3611:
1649:
535:
507:
445:
322:
318:
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5335:
5168:
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4657:
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4129:
4124:
4041:
3931:
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3836:
3731:
3630:
3504:
3396:
1865:
1854:
1435:
1018:
933:
924:
904:
898:
825:
821:
772:
In exercise of his pretended position, James purported to create titles of nobility, now referred to as
658:
642:
357:
205:
200:
96:
3711:
423:, and that the baby feted as the new prince was an impostor smuggled into the royal birth chamber in a
388:
120:
3337:
5689:
5684:
5571:
5504:
5457:
5392:
5325:
4899:
4847:
4831:
4649:
4354:
4244:
3886:
3671:
3667:
2754:
1955:
1271:
1010:
762:
674:
5622:
5548:
5428:
5310:
5265:
5137:
4815:
4569:
4111:
4027:
3751:
3746:
3620:
3606:
3601:
3576:
3559:
3520:
3457:
3451:
2107:
2013:
1714:
1471:
1058:
857:
531:
503:
457:
441:
392:
341:
290:
286:
230:
85:
5592:
5147:
4561:
4274:
4046:
4037:
3951:
3796:
3771:
3615:
3586:
3571:
2950:
2778:
2049:
1667:
1117:
The British monarchs of the House of Stuart, their relations, and the transition to the Hanovers
613:
539:
527:
523:
496:
433:
314:
282:
278:
124:
52:
3706:
964:
3245:. Translated by des Maizeaux. London: J. and J. Knapton, J. Darby, A. Battesworth. p. 106.
3048:
5519:
3811:
3761:
3741:
3726:
3647:
3296:
3240:
3194:
2987:
2942:
2803:
2665:
2600:
2543:
2513:
1498:
1017:
as the "King of Great Britain and Ireland", which elicited a protest from James's younger son
883:
602:
594:
511:
250:
192:
2981:
2849:
5203:
5113:
5103:
5070:
4796:
4534:
3682:
3596:
3477:
3415:
3411:
3382:
3332:
3186:
2934:
2697:
2314:
1006:
773:
694:
626:
492:
428:
408:
404:
3182:
546:
as legitimate sovereigns. As a result of his claiming his father's lost thrones, James was
321:
became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the
5093:
5085:
5080:
5041:
4755:
4232:
3485:
3473:
3407:
3360:
2672:
2577:
2535:
1987:
1262:
1038:
912:
682:
468:
412:
381:
365:
298:
274:
220:
37:
2931:
MΓ©langes de l'Γcole franΓ§aise de Rome β Italie et MΓ©diterranΓ©e modernes et contemporaines
3345:
2719:"'James Francis Edward Stuart, styled James VIII and III', The University of Nottingham"
550:
for treason in London on 2 March 1702, and his titles were forfeited under English law.
5473:
5075:
5065:
5060:
4883:
4072:
2255:
1929:
1489:
1150:
864:
put an end to the engagement to preserve his relations with Hanover and Great Britain.
766:
567:
396:
294:
240:
3136:
2824:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714β1783
5673:
5108:
5098:
3554:
3268:] (in Italian). Vol. XIX. presso Gio. Battista Missiaglia. 1824. p. 61.
2954:
2749:
2229:
887:
788:
742:
574:
intercepted the French ships, which, combined with bad weather, prevented a landing.
3213:
3018:
3328:
2505:
1074:
993:
985:
738:
718:
670:
515:
336:, when his father died in September 1701 James claimed the thrones. As part of the
144:
140:
2594:
4977:
4969:
4721:
4713:
4454:
4444:
2407:
750:
424:
2926:
4953:
4697:
4617:
4424:
4404:
4324:
3591:
3543:
2570:
1014:
780:
734:
310:
67:
2946:
2604:
2584:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2012, accessed 23 June 2013.
4945:
4689:
4633:
4414:
4334:
3442:
1462:
686:
666:
547:
420:
400:
936:
as a cardinal. Henry then took holy orders, which required him to maintain
745:, like his predecessor, showed much support. Thanks to his friend Cardinal
601:, the Secretary of State, colluded with the French in exiling James to the
403:. As the eldest surviving son of the reigning monarch he was automatically
3317:
19:"Chevalier de St. George" redirects here. For composer and conductor, see
4961:
4705:
4593:
4434:
4294:
4022:
937:
886:
of Poland. The wedding was held in the chapel of the Episcopal Palace in
779:
The court-in-exile became a popular stop for English travellers making a
302:
2938:
2762:
Histoire Militaire du Règne de Louis-le-Grand, Roi de France. Huit tômes
502:
On his father's death in 1701, James was proclaimed as rightful king by
4867:
901:(31 December 1720 β 31 January 1788), nicknamed "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
891:
722:
678:
559:
215:
2666:
Princess Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart (1692β1712), Daughter of James II
853:
730:
726:
329:
4765:
4503:
741:
or Palazzo del Re in Rome as his residence, which he accepted. Pope
5010:
4201:
3095:
The Last of the Royal Stuarts: Henry Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York
2765:(in French). Vol. 6. Paris: Denis Mariette. pp. 197, 202
1028:
963:
942:
866:
708:
636:
482:
375:
333:
923:
Following James's failure, attention turned to his son Charles, "
273:(10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) was the
3662:
5014:
4769:
4507:
4205:
3516:
2402:
Correspondence with James the Pretender (High Treason) Act 1701
1033:
Coat of arms of James Francis Edward Stuart as Prince of Wales
3512:
3284:
King James the Third of England: A Study of Kingship in Exile
3191:
Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
4997:
4741:
4477:
2912:
The Location of the Stuart Court in Rome: The Palazzo Del Re
506:, despite having previously recognised the legitimacy of
387:
James Francis Edward Stuart was born on 10 June 1688, at
3193:(2nd ed.). London: Little, Brown. pp. 27, 50.
968:
Tomb of James Francis Edward Stuart and his two sons in
717:
After the unsuccessful invasion of 1715, James lived in
612:
As a result, in August 1714, James's second cousin, the
2626:. The Stuart Succession Project. University of Exeter.
348:
on his behalf. This failed, as did further attempts in
2458:"'Prince James Francis Edward', The British Monarchy"
1077:
consisting of those of the kingdom, differenced by a
785:
Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby
2914:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 180β205.
5631:
5580:
5528:
5482:
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5442:
5411:
5385:
5344:
5293:
5253:
5176:
5156:
5122:
5048:
4110:
4055:
4015:
4006:
3965:
3900:
3845:
3780:
3690:
3681:
749:, James was granted a life annuity of 12,000 Roman
649:In the following year, Jacobites started uprisings
463:He later received a military education overseen by
289:from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of
256:
246:
236:
226:
214:
191:
163:
150:
130:
107:
103:
91:
81:
73:
66:
30:
3293:A Court in Exile: The Stuarts in France, 1689β1718
2404:, Parliament's response to his claim to the throne
3231:
3229:
3227:
3043:
3041:
2540:William III & Mary II: Partners in Revolution
585:, who entered into a secret correspondence with
3338:Portraits of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart
2757:, using the pseudonym Chevalier de St. George.
3137:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family"
3049:"Stuart Nomination to Irish Sees (1686β1766.)"
5026:
4781:
4519:
4217:
3528:
2927:"The Stuart-Sobieska opera patronage in Rome"
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
1103:
8:
5535:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
3254:
3252:
2837:Jacobitism and the English People, 1688β1788
2783:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
843:
5544:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
2839:. Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 173
2410:, used to cure scrofula ('the King's Evil')
1454:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
570:on 23 March 1708. The fleet of Admiral Sir
364:was the last serious effort to restore the
5162:
5033:
5019:
5011:
4788:
4774:
4766:
4526:
4512:
4504:
4224:
4210:
4202:
4012:
3687:
3535:
3521:
3513:
3351:
3344:
2759:Quincy, Charles Sevin, marquis de (1726).
1910:
1901:
1110:
1096:
1088:
641:The Old Pretender lands in Scotland after
45:
27:
3626:"James III & VIII", The Old Pretender
1021:, who was by then the Jacobite claimant.
558:Though delayed in France by an attack of
5336:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3110:"The Prince of Wales β Previous Princes"
2675:at npg.org.uk (accessed 8 February 2008)
2618:
2616:
2614:
2530:
2528:
2526:
1905:Ancestors of James Francis Edward Stuart
5171:, first monarch of the House of Stewart
2975:
2973:
2582:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2452:
2450:
2446:
2420:
713:Coloured portrait of James as young man
184: 1719; died 1735)
5639:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
5167:The generations indicate descent from
3266:Universal ancient and modern biography
3161:Gregg, pp. xβxi; Somerset, pp. viiiβix
3112:. Princeofwales.gov.uk. Archived from
2776:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2271:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2029:
1919:
1915:
996:'s reign surpassed it on 23 May 2016.
725:(April 1716 β February 1717), then at
5790:People of the Jacobite rising of 1715
5618:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales
5474:James VI of Scotland and I of England
3261:Biografia universale antica e moderna
3242:The works of Monsieur de St. Evremond
3006:
2897:
2885:
2873:
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1129:
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1125:
305:father was deposed and exiled in the
7:
3098:. London: Methuen. pp. 212β214.
2798:Massie, Allan (2010). "Chapter 16".
2684:
1508:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
882:(1702β1735), granddaughter of King
878:On 3 September 1719, James married
5770:English people of Scottish descent
3631:"Charles III", The Young Pretender
3143:from the original on 13 March 2017
2172:Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena
1846:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
1306:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
907:(11 March 1725 β 13 July 1807), a
856:, he became engaged to his cousin
733:(July 1717 β November 1718). Pope
591:French Minister of Foreign Affairs
77:16 September 1701 β 1 January 1766
14:
5780:English people of Italian descent
5510:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
4033:Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1715
3342:National Portrait Gallery, London
2925:Blichmann, Diana (30 June 2019).
2725:from the original on 4 March 2016
2648:Frequent mentions throughout the
2630:from the original on 4 March 2016
2464:from the original on 4 March 2016
2198:Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena
1641:James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
1073:As Prince of Wales, James bore a
629:broke out in provincial England.
5775:English people of French descent
5750:Heirs apparent who never acceded
5710:18th-century Jacobite pretenders
5490:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
4078:Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1746
3995:
3316:
3073:from the original on 10 May 2017
2571:James Francis Edward (1688β1766)
810:
801:
454:ChΓ’teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
260:
5805:Children of James II of England
5800:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
5311:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria
5240:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford
3957:Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore
3331:at the official website of the
2983:The Stuarts in Italy, 1719β1766
1884:
1731:
1693:
1675:
1657:
1479:
1443:
1279:
1158:
894:. By his wife he had two sons:
693:, this effectively secured the
522:also recognised him as king of
181:
5795:Lord high stewards of Scotland
4098:Old military roads of Scotland
3912:War of the Austrian Succession
3882:Capture of Eilean Donan Castle
3565:Independent Highland Companies
3295:. Cambridge University Press.
2986:. Cambridge University Press.
2542:. Allen Lane. pp. 25β36.
16:Jacobite pretender (1688β1766)
1:
5695:17th-century English nobility
5572:Henrietta, Duchess of OrlΓ©ans
5306:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany
5274:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
5209:Isabella, Countess of Douglas
4093:Traitors Transported Act 1746
3857:War of the Quadruple Alliance
2624:"James Francis Edward Stuart"
1315:Frederick V of the Palatinate
990:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
988:. His grave is marked by the
959:their plans to invade Britain
488:
338:War of the Spanish Succession
56:
5725:Heirs to the Scottish throne
5603:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
5301:Margaret, Dauphine of France
3648:Sophie, Electress of Hanover
3356:James Francis Edward Stuart
2850:"A Stuart among the Quakers"
1079:label argent of three points
850:Philippe II, Duke of OrlΓ©ans
787:, and thirty years later to
645:. An 18th-century engraving.
51:Portrait from the studio of
5720:Heirs to the English throne
5705:18th-century British people
5700:17th-century Scottish peers
5680:James Francis Edward Stuart
5495:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
5321:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay
5225:Marjorie, Countess of Moray
5220:Margaret, Lady of the Isles
4088:Treason Outlawries Act 1748
3329:Prince James Francis Edward
3323:James Francis Edward Stuart
2134:James Francis Edward Stuart
1704:James Francis Edward Stuart
947:Portrait of James from 1748
677:, a half-sister, came from
307:Glorious Revolution of 1688
277:claimant to the thrones of
271:James Francis Edward Stuart
31:James Francis Edward Stuart
5836:
5588:Charles, Duke of Cambridge
3582:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
3237:de Saint-Γvremond, Charles
3069:. www.stewartsociety.org.
2290:14. Hierronymus Martinozzi
2265:
2149:
2023:
1917:
411:at birth, and was created
21:Chevalier de Saint-Georges
18:
5656:
5567:Henry, Duke of Gloucester
5362:Alexander, Duke of Albany
5230:David, Earl of Strathearn
5199:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
5165:
5138:Stewart of Castle Stewart
4995:
4803:
4752:
4739:
4541:
4488:
4475:
4239:
3993:
3702:Williamite War in Ireland
3550:
3501:
3464:
3448:
3441:
3422:
3405:
3388:
3381:
3354:
3092:Vaughan, Herbert (1906).
2332:
2324:
2296:
2277:
2273:
2237:
2215:
2207:
2179:
2157:
2153:
2115:
2093:
2085:
2076:Henrietta Maria of France
2057:
2035:
2031:
1995:
1973:
1965:
1937:
1921:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1740:
1664:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1504:
1486:
1468:
1428:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1384:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1311:
1268:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1191:
880:Maria Clementina Sobieska
873:Maria Clementina Sobieska
840:Louise AdΓ©laΓ―de d'OrlΓ©ans
747:Filippo Antonio Gualterio
534:and refused to recognise
170:Maria Clementina Sobieska
44:
35:
5613:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge
5598:James, Duke of Cambridge
5424:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay
5331:Mary, Countess of Buchan
5316:Joan, Countess of Morton
5282:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith
5056:High Steward of Scotland
4068:Act of Proscription 1746
3867:Marquess of Tullibardine
2980:Corp, Edward T. (2011).
699:Kingdom of Great Britain
663:Battle of Preston (1715)
622:Kingdom of Great Britain
566:, trying to land at the
391:, first and only son of
380:James Francis Edward as
5785:English Roman Catholics
5755:People from Westminster
5608:Charles, Duke of Kendal
5450:James, Duke of Rothesay
5434:Alexander, Duke of Ross
5419:James, Duke of Rothesay
5352:Mary, Countess of Arran
5278:Mary, Countess of Angus
5261:David, Duke of Rothesay
4255:Edward the Black Prince
3872:General Joseph Wightman
3737:Battle of Killiecrankie
3291:Corp, Edward T (2009).
3219:Encyclopædia Britannica
3024:Encyclopædia Britannica
2576:29 January 2017 at the
759:Jacobite rising of 1719
661:(13 November 1715) and
479:Struggle for the throne
356:. Led by his elder son
5454:Robert, Duke of Albany
5235:Walter, Earl of Atholl
5204:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll
5194:Robert, Duke of Albany
5184:Robert III of Scotland
5143:Stewart of Balquhidder
5002:
4746:
4482:
3942:Battle of Falkirk Muir
3757:Declaration of Finglas
3643:Act of Settlement 1701
3053:www.libraryireland.com
3009:, pp. 98β99, 103.
2510:Women in World History
1034:
972:
948:
875:
860:, but her father Duke
845:Mademoiselle d'OrlΓ©ans
844:
714:
646:
581:administration led by
499:
491:1703, portrait in the
471:, two veterans of the
384:
323:Act of Settlement 1701
5357:James III of Scotland
5169:Robert II of Scotland
5001:
4745:
4495:Principality of Wales
4481:
4285:Edward of Westminster
3932:Battle of Prestonpans
3892:Battle of Coille Bhan
3877:Anglo-French Alliance
3837:Battle of Sheriffmuir
3802:1715 general election
3505:Charles Edward Stuart
3467:β TITULAR β
3282:Bevan, Bryan (1967).
2910:Corp, Edward (2010).
2701:: "Duke of Cornwall".
2671:20 April 2008 at the
2569:James Edward Gregg, '
1866:Henry Benedict Stuart
1858:"the Young Pretender"
1855:Charles Edward Stuart
1161: 1567/1603β1625
1032:
967:
946:
919:Bonnie Prince Charlie
905:Henry Benedict Stuart
899:Charles Edward Stuart
870:
826:Henry Benedict Stuart
822:Charles Edward Stuart
712:
697:'s monarchy over the
659:Battle of Sheriffmuir
640:
487:James Francis Edward
486:
395:and his second wife,
379:
358:Charles Edward Stuart
293:and his second wife,
206:Henry Benedict Stuart
201:Charles Edward Stuart
5644:Henry, Cardinal York
5623:Louisa Maria Theresa
5505:Charles I of England
5458:Mary, Queen of Scots
5393:James IV of Scotland
5367:David, Earl of Moray
5326:James II of Scotland
5245:Egidia, Lady Douglas
5189:Walter, Earl of Fife
5134:Stewart of Ballechin
4245:Edward of Caernarfon
4120:"James III and VIII"
3887:Battle of Glen Shiel
3672:Royal Stuart Society
3668:Neo-Jacobite Revival
3612:William III & II
3325:at Wikimedia Commons
2900:, pp. 102, 110.
2755:Battle of Malplaquet
2747:James rode with the
2484:"The Two Pretenders"
1956:Charles I of England
1059:Knight of the Garter
1000:End of papal support
982:St. Peter's Basilica
970:St. Peter's Basilica
835:Marriage and progeny
769:it came to nothing.
763:Battle of Glen Shiel
761:was defeated at the
328:Raised primarily in
156:St. Peter's Basilica
5765:Princes of Scotland
5715:Jacobite pretenders
5429:James V of Scotland
5398:James, Duke of Ross
5266:James I of Scotland
4305:Edward of Middleham
4265:Richard of Bordeaux
4112:Jacobite succession
3752:Battle of the Boyne
3747:Massacre of Glencoe
3732:General Hugh Mackay
3621:Jacobite succession
3607:Glorious Revolution
3577:Union of the Crowns
3494:Jacobite succession
3458:deposed from throne
3135:Francois R. Velde.
3035:McLynn (1759) p. 81
2939:10.4000/mefrim.6296
2835:Paul Kleber Monod.
2650:Duke of Saint-Simon
2502:Mary II (1662β1694)
2500:Margaret McIntyre,
2433:King over the Water
2014:James II of England
1715:Louisa Maria Stuart
1707:"the Old Pretender"
925:the Young Pretender
691:allied with Britain
597:(1713), Harley and
504:Louis XIV of France
442:Glorious Revolution
393:James II of England
372:Birth and childhood
346:landing in Scotland
342:Louis XIV of France
301:and heir until his
291:James II of England
231:James II of England
5148:Stewart of Darnley
5003:
4747:
4483:
4047:Indemnity Act 1717
4038:Disarming Act 1715
3952:Battle of Culloden
3947:Siege of Inverness
3927:Duke of Cumberland
3917:Lord George Murray
3832:Siege of Inverness
3772:Treaty of Limerick
3712:King William's War
3602:James II & VII
3452:James II & VII
3443:Titles in pretence
3427:Title next held by
3401:(later Charles II)
3393:Title last held by
3116:on 11 October 2008
2967:Per Edward T. Corp
2933:(131β1): 177β200.
2876:, pp. 92, 96.
2854:journals.sas.ac.uk
2826:. Penguin, 2008.
2512:, vol. 10 (2001),
2050:Henry IV of France
1930:James I of England
1037:James was created
1035:
1025:Titles and honours
1007:Hanoverian dynasty
973:
949:
876:
820:James's two sons,
737:offered James the
715:
695:Hanoverian dynasty
647:
614:Elector of Hanover
564:attempted invasion
500:
497:Alexis Simon Belle
389:St. James's Palace
385:
125:Kingdom of England
121:St. James's Palace
68:Jacobite pretender
53:Alexis Simon Belle
5745:Dukes of Rothesay
5740:Dukes of Cornwall
5667:
5666:
5652:
5651:
5403:John, Earl of Mar
5372:John, Earl of Mar
5008:
5007:
4797:Dukes of Rothesay
4763:
4762:
4535:Dukes of Cornwall
4501:
4500:
4275:Henry of Monmouth
4199:
4198:
4160:"Robert I and IV"
4106:
4105:
4083:Sheriffs Act 1747
4001:a Jacobite banner
3991:
3990:
3937:Siege of Carlisle
3827:Battle of Preston
3767:Siege of Limerick
3762:Battle of Aughrim
3742:Battle of Dunkeld
3727:Patrick Sarsfield
3511:
3510:
3502:Succeeded by
3469:
3461:
3435:(later George II)
3321:Media related to
3200:978-0-316-84820-6
3187:Maclagan, Michael
3139:. Heraldica.org.
3067:"Famous Stewarts"
2800:The Royal Stuarts
2745:marquis de Quincy
2743:According to the
2549:978-0-141-97687-7
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1499:Sophia of Hanover
884:John III Sobieski
774:Jacobite Peerages
603:Duchy of Lorraine
595:Treaty of Utrecht
512:Treaty of Ryswick
446:William of Orange
444:; Mary's husband
268:
267:
251:Roman Catholicism
5827:
5810:Child pretenders
5735:Princes of Wales
5213:Jean, Lady Keith
5163:
5130:Stewart of Appin
5114:Earl of Galloway
5104:Marquess of Bute
5071:Duke of Richmond
5042:House of Stewart
5035:
5028:
5021:
5012:
5000:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4767:
4744:
4589:(1460; disputed)
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4233:Princes of Wales
4226:
4219:
4212:
4203:
4130:"Henry IX and I"
4013:
4009:and later events
3999:
3722:Sir Ewen Cameron
3688:
3683:Jacobite risings
3597:The Killing Time
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3497:
3465:
3455:
3449:Preceded by
3436:
3416:Duke of Rothesay
3412:Duke of Cornwall
3402:
3377:
3370:
3352:
3348:
3333:British monarchy
3320:
3306:
3287:
3270:
3269:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3233:
3222:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3179:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2977:
2968:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2846:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2822:Simms, Brendan.
2820:
2814:
2813:
2802:. Random House.
2795:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2702:
2698:Complete Peerage
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2663:
2657:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2609:
2607:
2591:
2585:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2536:Keates, Jonathan
2532:
2521:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2454:
2435:
2425:
2315:Laura Martinozzi
2108:Marie de' Medici
1911:
1902:
1888:
1887: 1727β1760
1886:
1735:
1734: 1714β1727
1733:
1697:
1696: 1702β1714
1695:
1679:
1678: 1689β1694
1677:
1661:
1660: 1689β1702
1659:
1483:
1482: 1685β1688
1481:
1472:James II and VII
1447:
1446: 1660β1685
1445:
1283:
1282: 1625β1649
1281:
1162:
1160:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1041:on 4 July 1688.
858:Benedetta d'Este
847:
814:
805:
599:Lord Bolingbroke
493:Royal Collection
490:
465:Richard Hamilton
429:venereal disease
409:Duke of Rothesay
405:Duke of Cornwall
317:and her husband
264:
185:
183:
137:
117:
115:
86:James VII and II
61:
58:
49:
28:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5760:English princes
5730:House of Stuart
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5648:
5632:12th generation
5627:
5581:11th generation
5576:
5529:10th generation
5524:
5478:
5462:
5438:
5407:
5381:
5340:
5289:
5249:
5216:Katherine Logan
5172:
5158:
5152:
5118:
5094:Duke of Aubigny
5086:King of Ireland
5081:King of England
5044:
5039:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4993:
4892:Henry Frederick
4799:
4794:
4764:
4759:
4756:Cornwall Portal
4748:
4742:
4737:
4642:Henry Frederick
4537:
4532:
4502:
4497:
4484:
4473:
4463:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4345:Henry Frederick
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4293:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4253:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4200:
4195:
4102:
4063:Jurors Act 1745
4051:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3987:
3961:
3903:
3896:
3848:
3841:
3783:
3776:
3717:Viscount Dundee
3707:Nine Years' War
3693:
3677:
3546:
3541:
3507:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3474:King of England
3470:
3462:
3454:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3408:Prince of Wales
3400:
3399:
3394:
3383:British royalty
3371:
3365:
3364:
3361:House of Stuart
3357:
3313:
3303:
3290:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3181:
3180:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2673:Wayback Machine
2664:
2660:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:Wayback Machine
2568:
2557:
2550:
2534:
2533:
2524:
2499:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2398:
2393:
1988:Anne of Denmark
1883:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1317:
1308:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1263:Henrietta Maria
1157:
1155:
1153:
1116:
1087:
1071:
1047:
1039:Prince of Wales
1027:
1002:
984:in present-day
978:
954:
927:", who led the
921:
913:Catholic Church
848:), daughter of
837:
832:
831:
830:
829:
817:
816:
815:
807:
806:
719:Papal territory
707:
665:. He landed at
635:
556:
510:under the 1697
481:
469:Dominic Sheldon
419:child had died
413:Prince of Wales
382:Prince of Wales
374:
366:House of Stuart
299:Prince of Wales
275:House of Stuart
210:
187:
179:
175:
172:
159:
139:
135:
119:
113:
111:
62:
59:
38:Prince of Wales
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5833:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5820:Exiled royalty
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5672:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5483:9th generation
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5467:8th generation
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5443:7th generation
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5412:6th generation
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5386:5th generation
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5345:4th generation
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5294:3rd generation
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5279:
5276:
5271:
5268:
5263:
5257:
5255:
5254:2nd generation
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5177:1st generation
5174:
5173:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:Lord of Sticks
5088:
5083:
5078:
5076:Duke of Albany
5073:
5068:
5066:Duke of Lennox
5063:
5061:Earl of Lennox
5058:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4989:(2022βpresent)
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4907:Charles James
4905:
4897:
4889:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4829:
4821:
4813:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4733:(2022βpresent)
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4468:(2022βpresent)
4461:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4261:
4251:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4206:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4073:Dress Act 1746
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4056:The Forty-Five
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:The Forty-Five
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Earl Marischal
3859:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3555:Scottish clans
3551:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3463:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3421:
3404:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:1 January 1766
3358:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3335:
3326:
3312:
3311:External links
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:978-0521108379
3301:
3288:
3286:. Robert Hale.
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3248:
3223:
3214:Mary of Modena
3206:
3199:
3163:
3154:
3127:
3101:
3084:
3058:
3037:
3028:
3011:
2999:
2992:
2969:
2960:
2917:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2841:
2828:
2815:
2808:
2790:
2736:
2703:
2689:
2687:, p. 278.
2677:
2658:
2641:
2610:
2586:
2555:
2548:
2522:
2493:
2475:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2427:Nicknamed the
2419:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:Laura Mazarini
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2308:
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2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
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2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:Mary of Modena
2252:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1874:
1872:
1869:"Duke of York"
1863:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
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1761:
1759:
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1721:
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1568:
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1564:
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1560:
1558:
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1554:
1552:
1550:
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1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1490:Mary of Modena
1487:
1485:
1469:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1151:James VI and I
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1046:
1043:
1026:
1023:
1001:
998:
977:
974:
953:
950:
929:major uprising
920:
917:
916:
915:
902:
871:James's wife,
836:
833:
819:
818:
809:
808:
800:
799:
798:
797:
796:
767:Atterbury Plot
706:
705:Court-in-exile
703:
634:
631:
568:Firth of Forth
555:
554:Early attempts
552:
495:attributed to
480:
477:
415:in July 1688.
397:Mary of Modena
373:
370:
295:Mary of Modena
266:
265:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
241:Mary of Modena
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
197:
195:
189:
188:
177:
173:
168:
167:
165:
161:
160:
158:, Vatican City
154:
152:
148:
147:
138:(aged 77)
134:1 January 1766
132:
128:
127:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5832:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Sons of kings
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:Earl of March
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Earl of Moray
5097:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5013:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:Albert Edward
4952:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:Albert Edward
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:(1688β1701/2)
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4480:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4425:Albert Edward
4422:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:"Charles III"
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Clan Act 1715
4026:
4024:
4023:Riot Act 1714
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4005:
3998:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Baronet Munro
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:The Highlands
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3506:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3085:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2993:9780521513272
2989:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2888:, p. 99.
2887:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2809:9781845950903
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:Maison du Roi
2746:
2740:
2737:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2518:0-7876-4069-7
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2429:Old Pretender
2424:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:Maria Farnese
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1889:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1847:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1790:
1782:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1725:
1716:
1705:
1698:
1687:
1680:
1669:
1662:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1448:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1362:
1350:
1348:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1284:
1273:
1264:
1252:
1249:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1152:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
975:
971:
966:
962:
960:
951:
945:
941:
939:
935:
930:
926:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
896:
895:
893:
889:
888:Montefiascone
885:
881:
874:
869:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
841:
834:
827:
823:
813:
804:
795:
792:
790:
789:James Boswell
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:Innocent XIII
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
711:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
639:
632:
630:
628:
623:
619:
615:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Robert Harley
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:. Spain, the
513:
509:
505:
498:
494:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
378:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
263:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
194:
190:
171:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
133:
129:
126:
122:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
54:
48:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5658:
5617:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4908:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4754:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4490:
4467:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4417:
4407:
4397:
4387:
4377:
4374:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4170:"Francis II"
4135:"Charles IV"
4119:
4007:Consequences
3847:The Nineteen
3792:β¦in Cornwall
3692:First rising
3625:
3492:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3429:
3423:
3406:
3395:
3389:
3373:
3369:10 June 1688
3366:
3359:
3292:
3283:
3265:
3260:
3241:
3217:
3209:
3190:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:the original
3104:
3094:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3061:
3052:
3031:
3022:
3014:
3007:Bevan (1967)
3002:
2982:
2963:
2930:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2898:Bevan (1967)
2893:
2886:Bevan (1967)
2881:
2874:Bevan (1967)
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2799:
2793:
2767:. Retrieved
2761:
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2696:
2692:
2680:
2661:
2653:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2599:, : , 1688,
2595:
2589:
2581:
2539:
2509:
2506:Anne Commire
2501:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2432:
2428:
2423:
2408:Touch pieces
2133:
1882:
1729:
1703:
1691:
1673:
1655:
1477:
1441:
1277:
1156:
1078:
1075:coat of arms
1072:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1036:
1011:"penal laws"
1003:
994:Elizabeth II
986:Vatican City
979:
955:
922:
877:
838:
793:
778:
771:
755:
739:Palazzo Muti
716:
673:. Reputedly
671:Scone Palace
648:
618:George Louis
611:
607:
576:
557:
516:Papal States
501:
462:
458:Louisa Maria
451:
417:
386:
327:
313:half-sister
270:
269:
145:Papal States
141:Palazzo Muti
136:(1766-01-01)
118:10 June 1688
36:
25:
5690:1766 deaths
5685:1688 births
4981:(1952β2022)
4973:(1910β1936)
4965:(1901β1910)
4957:(1841β1901)
4949:(1762β1820)
4941:(1727β1751)
4933:(1714β1727)
4925:(1688β1689)
4917:(1630β1649)
4903:(1612β1625)
4895:(1594β1612)
4887:(1566β1567)
4879:(1540β1541)
4871:(1512β1513)
4863:(1509β1510)
4857:(1507β1508)
4851:(1473β1488)
4843:(1452β1460)
4835:(1430β1437)
4819:(1402β1406)
4811:(1398β1402)
4725:(1952β2022)
4717:(1910β1936)
4709:(1901β1910)
4701:(1841β1901)
4693:(1762β1820)
4685:(1727β1751)
4677:(1714β1727)
4661:(1630β1649)
4653:(1612β1625)
4645:(1603β1612)
4637:(1537β1547)
4621:(1502β1509)
4613:(1486β1502)
4605:(1483β1484)
4597:(1470β1483)
4581:(1453β1471)
4573:(1421β1422)
4565:(1399β1413)
4557:(1376β1377)
4549:(1337β1376)
4458:(1958β2022)
4448:(1910β1936)
4438:(1901β1910)
4428:(1841β1901)
4418:(1762β1820)
4408:(1751β1760)
4398:(1728β1751)
4388:(1714β1727)
4368:(1641β1649)
4358:(1616β1625)
4348:(1610β1612)
4338:(1537β1547)
4328:(1504β1509)
4318:(1489β1502)
4308:(1483β1484)
4298:(1471β1483)
4288:(1454β1471)
4278:(1399β1413)
4268:(1376β1377)
4258:(1343β1376)
4248:(1301β1307)
4150:"Francis I"
3807:Earl of Mar
3797:β¦in England
3782:The Fifteen
3592:Covenanters
3587:Restoration
3183:Louda, JiΕΓ
2488:Historic UK
1650:William III
952:Later years
824:(left) and
729:(1717) and
721:, first at
675:Jane Stuart
651:in Scotland
643:Sheriffmuir
633:The Fifteen
627:major riots
572:George Byng
536:William III
508:William III
425:warming pan
362:1745 Rising
319:William III
97:Charles III
82:Predecessor
60: 1712
5674:Categories
5539:Charles II
4155:"Mary III"
3817:Lord Lovat
3638:Queen Anne
3560:Clan chief
3544:Jacobitism
3499:1701β1766
2729:30 October
2634:30 October
2468:30 October
2442:References
1436:Charles II
1015:George III
781:Grand Tour
735:Clement XI
473:Irish Army
460:was born.
340:, in 1708
311:Protestant
123:, London,
114:1688-06-10
5563:Katherine
5554:Elizabeth
4938:Frederick
4824:Alexander
4682:Frederick
4395:Frederick
4145:"Mary II"
3658:George II
3189:(1999) .
2955:213575807
2947:1123-9891
2779:cite book
2685:Corp 2009
2605:606591965
1880:1683β1760
1877:George II
1871:1725β1807
1860:1720β1788
1849:1689β1700
1727:1660β1727
1718:1692β1712
1709:1688β1766
1689:1665β1714
1671:1662β1694
1653:1650β1702
1644:1649β1685
1511:1629β1698
1502:1630β1714
1493:1658β1718
1475:1633β1701
1466:1637β1671
1463:Anne Hyde
1457:1631β1660
1439:1630β1685
1318:1596β1632
1309:1596β1662
1275:1600β1649
1272:Charles I
1266:1609β1669
1154:1566β1625
1063:1692β1766
687:Louis XIV
667:Peterhead
548:attainted
421:stillborn
401:Catholics
344:backed a
297:, he was
257:Signature
92:Successor
5660:Category
5549:James II
5500:Margaret
5377:Margaret
5159:Stewarts
5123:Branches
4491:See also
3966:Abortive
3653:George I
3478:Scotland
3239:(1728).
3141:Archived
3071:Archived
3019:Jacobite
2859:28 March
2723:Archived
2669:Archived
2654:MΓ©moires
2628:Archived
2574:Archived
2538:(2015).
2520:, p. 516
2462:Archived
2396:See also
1724:George I
1085:Ancestry
1051:Jacobite
938:celibacy
909:cardinal
828:(right).
683:Montrose
655:Cornwall
587:de Torcy
562:, James
532:Scotland
303:Catholic
287:Scotland
247:Religion
143:, Rome,
74:Pretence
5593:Mary II
4986:William
4978:Charles
4914:Charles
4900:Charles
4861:Arthur
4730:William
4722:Charles
4658:Charles
4650:Charles
4586:Richard
4554:Richard
4465:William
4455:Charles
4365:Charles
4355:Charles
3922:Lochiel
3812:Rob Roy
3663:Toryism
3616:Mary II
3486:Ireland
3397:Charles
3340:at the
3276:Sources
3216:at the
3021:at the
2769:13 July
2753:in the
2508:(ed.),
1668:Mary II
1045:Honours
911:of the
892:Viterbo
890:, near
862:Rinaldo
723:Avignon
679:Wisbech
560:measles
540:Mary II
528:Ireland
524:England
399:, both
315:Mary II
283:Ireland
279:England
186:
178:
174:
5520:Sophia
5286:Egidia
5270:Robert
5049:Titles
4970:Edward
4962:George
4946:George
4930:George
4909:(1629)
4855:James
4827:(1430)
4714:Edward
4706:George
4690:George
4674:George
4634:Edward
4629:(1511)
4610:Arthur
4602:Edward
4594:Edward
4578:Edward
4546:Edward
4445:Edward
4435:George
4415:George
4405:George
4385:George
4378:(1688)
4335:Edward
4315:Arthur
4295:Edward
4190:Joseph
4183:Sophie
4165:Albert
4140:Victor
3904:(1745)
3849:(1719)
3784:(1715)
3694:(1689)
3482:France
3431:George
3424:Vacant
3390:Vacant
3372:
3299:
3197:
3077:20 May
2990:
2953:
2945:
2806:
2603:
2546:
2516:
854:Modena
731:Urbino
727:Pesaro
589:, the
520:Modena
518:, and
360:, the
330:France
309:. His
237:Mother
227:Father
221:Stuart
164:Spouse
151:Burial
5157:Royal
4922:James
4884:James
4876:James
4868:James
4848:James
4840:James
4832:James
4816:James
4808:David
4666:James
4626:Henry
4618:Henry
4570:Henry
4562:Henry
4375:James
4325:Henry
4016:Early
3420:1688
3374:Died:
3367:Born:
3264:[
3147:2 May
3120:2 May
2951:S2CID
2504:, in
2415:Notes
1019:Henry
976:Death
934:Henry
751:scudi
542:, or
334:Italy
216:House
193:Issue
180:(
176:
5559:Anne
5515:Mary
4042:1725
4040:and
3983:1759
3978:1744
3973:1708
3614:and
3484:and
3297:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3149:2010
3122:2010
3079:2016
2988:ISBN
2943:ISSN
2861:2021
2804:ISBN
2785:link
2771:2023
2731:2015
2636:2015
2601:OCLC
2544:ISBN
2514:ISBN
2470:2015
2345:15.
2228:13.
2170:12.
2106:11.
2048:10.
1686:Anne
1069:Arms
653:and
579:Tory
544:Anne
530:and
467:and
438:Anne
436:and
434:Mary
407:and
354:1719
352:and
350:1715
332:and
285:and
131:Died
108:Born
4176:Max
2935:doi
2652:'s
2580:',
2431:or
2313:7.
2254:3.
2196:6.
2132:1.
2074:5.
2012:2.
1986:9.
1954:4.
1928:8.
5676::
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3476:,
3251:^
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2972:^
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1057::
1055:KG
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281:,
182:m.
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