Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

1152: 462: 613:. His son feared a reversal of the balance of power and summoned a Reichstag for Easter 1106. Henry IV had already begun to organize resistance against his son, but suddenly died on 7 August 1106 in Liège, where he received an honorable funeral. The princes opposed a funeral in Speyer, but Henry V overruled this decision. On 24 August, he had his father's body dug up and transferred to Speyer, since in Liège some form of veneration of the deceased as a saint was about to begin. The re-burial at the Speyer crypta would imply continuity and help stabilize the position of the rebel son, who could 1223:. Without gaining the consensus of the princes, Henry arrested and detained Adalbert for over three years. Among threats of violence and dissent the Mainz citizens only succeed in November 1115 the archbishop (starved to skin and bones) to be released. The customs of amicable conflict resolution and demonstrative gentleness that had been handed down from the Ottonian era had lost importance under Henry IV and Henry V. Rather, the Salian rulers sought to establish a concrete form of royal punishment. Adalbert became the great opponent of the Salian kingship. 1637:

negotiations and in autumn 1121 urged the emperor to make peace and seek balanced policies with regards to the Pope. This princely action was an important developmental step towards the establishment of consensual forms of rule as the princes acted cooperatively to bring about negotiations that end the conflict. A princely peace commission composed of equal numbers was appointed. Made up of twelve supporters and twelfe opponents of Henry, the committee intended to represent all imperial estates. The princely assembly, that chronicler

641: 1234:, rebelled against Henry but was quickly subdued. In 1113, after the death of the childless Count Ulrich Margrave of Carniola, numerous Saxon nobles laid claims to this estate. However, Henry had obviously decided that the bequest would fall to the empire if there were no direct heirs. The king's idea nonetheless contradicted the Saxon legal concept and Henry obtained the endowment through approval of the royal princes but he completely avoided any dialogue with the Saxon nobles. Lothair, who rose in arms again was defeated at the 494:. On 12 December 1104, Henry V broke away from his father, thereby breaking the oath of allegiance to the ruling king. Henry V made his way to Regensburg, where he celebrated Christmas with his followers. While there, his father's enemies sought to convince him to revolt. Henry considered their arguments, but he was restrained by the oath he had taken to take no part in the business of the Empire during his father's lifetime. At the turn of the year 1104/05, he sent messengers to Rome to seek absolution from his loyalty oath by 31: 1506:

a new power base against the overpowering opposition in the northern part of the empire. He had issued a whole series of court documents in advance, with which he intended to present himself as guarantor of law and justice in Italy. Henry was able to obtain Matilda's property without any problems and his authority was accepted in all the Italian municipalities. Henry regarded Rome as to be of particular importance and, ardently welcomed, he honored the city with five visits, more than any other Salian king.

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Cologne off from all river trade and transportation. At this point, the citizens of Cologne assembled a large force, including bowmen, and crossed the river, formed their ranks, and prepared to meet Henry's army. The Cologne bowmen were able to break the armor of Henry's soldiers; it was summer, the weather was sultry, and the soldiers had removed their armor to find relief from the heat. Henry subsequently withdrew, turned south, and sacked Bonn and Jülich. On his return to Deutz, he was met by

1741: 1367: 1581: 1485: 1570: 946:). This honor, that determined the rank of the king was an idea, that had developed among the latest Salians towards a concept of lordship from which also future imperial claims on Southern Italy and on Matilda's property were derived. Matilda, who in 1079 had indeed intended to bequeath all her property to the pope in the event of her childlessness, now opted for an agreement between the pope and the king, and deployed the name 1473: 4389: 5036: 1294:. After an initial skirmish in which Duke Henry of Lorraine was forced to withdraw, the insurgent's troops and the emperor's force of Swabians, Bavarians, and Franconians clashed. The young men of Cologne, including many journeymen and apprentices, created a fearful din of noise, slashing at all who came near them. Theodric threw his force into the fight, and the emperor's army was forced back. The defeat at 3966: 1290:(William I), Lambert of Mulenarke, and Eberhard of Gandernol, who put up a stout resistance in which the latter was killed. Theodoric, Gerhard, and Lambert were taken prisoner. When Frederick, Count of Westphalia, arrived with his brother, also named Henry, and their substantial force, the emperor withdrew, barely escaping capture. Finally, in October 1114, the two armies met on a plain near 6056: 1183: 657: 988: 1215:, imperial chancellor since 14 February 1106, who had greatly influenced imperial politics. Adalbert was appointed Archbishop of Mainz in 1109 and accompanied Henry on the Italian campaign of 1110/11. In the process of the consolidation and expansion of power, the possessions of the Mainz Church overlapped with the Salian imperial estate at the 1728:. In August 1124 Henry V began preparations for a campaign into France with very limited ducal support. The attack spurred a hitherto unknown patriotic feeling of unity in France, which the French King Louis VI utilized for the deployment of a massive army against which Henry V's forces represented no match. The campaign was abandoned near 1059: 626: 1627:

in 1077, the ideas of penitence and the personal exposure within one's social status could no longer be reconciled by another papal ban, as the intrinsic meanings symbolized subordination to the Pope. It is, however not certain whether the negotiations failed due to those circumstances. Only upon the

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The funeral ritual was of particular importance to Henry regarding the legitimization of his rule. At the funeral, he had presented himself as the loyal son and legitimate heir of the late emperor and demonstrated dynastic continuity. At the same time, he made it clear that his kingship was based not

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commanded a second column that entered Italy from the southeast of the empire and had orders to rendez-vous with the main contingent near Roncaglia. This impressive display of integrity proved that even the clans that had opposed and violently fought Henry's father were now on the Salian side. Welf's

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eventually demanded Henry's complete renunciation of the investiture of clerics. However, the king and the bishops collaborated further as the Pope proved incapable to suppress these practices. Attempts to come to any form of agreement on the question of the investiture failed in 1106 at the Synod of

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on 27 July 1101. The continued existence of the Salian dynasty now depended on Henry V, the only living son of the emperor. The co-regency of son and father proceeded without obvious problems for six years. Contrary to previous ruling sons, Henry V was not involved in government affairs. His father's

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of Saint-Denis, Henry was a troublemaker, who died justly within a year of his attack on France in 1124. For Suger, national standards did not matter, but the souvereign's attitude towards the pope constituted the decisive component for his judgment. For Geoffrey of Vendôme Henry was the incarnation

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died. Matilda's death on 24 July 1115 caused Henry, accompanied only by a small contingent, to leave for Italy in February 1116 in order to secure his inheritance of the enormous property complex in Upper and Central Italy. In addition, he wished to stabilize Salian rule in Northern Italy and create

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Between 1105 and 1106, supporters of Henry IV and Henry V each disseminated arguments in letters and historiographic texts in order to build support among the people of the empire, while father and son each accused the other of disregard for the divine and earthly orders. Henry V began to strengthen

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settlement between Burghausen and the ministerials in the dispute that led to the murder, and he also would have had a reason to resent his father's inaction. A flaw in this theory is that there was a very long time lag between the murder of Burghausen and when Henry V turned his back on his father.

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and citizens of Regensburg was the trigger for the overthrow of Henry IV. According to Burghausen's relatives and other nobles, the emperor had failed to punish the perpetrators appropriately, proving that Henry IV viewed aristocrats with disdain. Henry V had attempted in vain to mediate an amicable

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Richard Gaettens suggests the year 1086: The birth year of Heinrich V. 1081 or 1086? In: Journal for Rechtsgeschichte Germ. Dept. Vol. 79 (1962), pp. 52–71; Eduard Hlawitschka: On the birth date of Emperor Heinrich V. In: Historisches Jahrbuch Vol. 110 (1990), pp. 471–475 (he rejects 11 August as a

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The 1111 events in Rome and the 1115 defeat at the hands of the Saxon opposition led to the near complete dissolution of all ties between the bishops and the king. While under Henry IV a third of all documents had been issued for the bishoprics, this amount declined to a mere twelfth of Henry V's

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The bishops learned of Paschal's and Henry's agreement prior to the coronation act. Protests broke out, there was turmoil in the city itself and the coronation had to be cancelled. Henry demanded his investment rights to be reinstated and the immediate coronation. Paschal refused, and Henry seized

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Imperial rule had eroded in Italy after the demise of Henry IV. For fifteen years, from October 1095 to October 1110, neither Henry IV nor Henry V had issued a single document for the Italian administration. Consequently, Italian officials saw no reason to travel to the northern part of the empire

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where he personally was to hand over the imperial insignia and was forced to abdicate on 31 December 1105. Henry V subsequently spread the narrative in which his father had ceded the insignia and his rule to him voluntarily. This distortion of the events implied his strong desire to feign dynastic

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At the time of Henry's birth, his father, emperor Henry IV, had already been engaged in many years of drawn out conflicts with the pope, the imperial bishops, and secular princes for the preservation of his rule. Henry IV had never paid much attention to the advice, or the rights and privileges of

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Crowned emperor, Henry quickly retreated beyond the Alps. On his return to Italy he was a guest of Matilda of Tuscany at Bianello Castle from 6 to 8 May 1111. Matilda and Henry concluded a contract that researchers interpreted as Henry V's document of inheritance in case the margravine dies. On 7

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under his father. Negotiations with the Pope now took place among representatives of the clerics and secular princes. Bishop Eberhard von Eichstätt (until his early death in 1112), Count Berengar II of Sulzbach and Count Palatine Gottfried of Calw were particularly close to the young king and are

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Thus, the following years of his reign were characterized by greater shared responsibilities of the princes and the sanctioning of church reforms. Documents and annals prove the consensual practice of his rule. Records of princes and nobles in royal documents, who actively take part in government

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The beginning of his reign was marked by a lengthy time of unusual harmony between the king and the princes. Unlike his Salian predecessors, Henry V would count his reign only from the day on which he received the imperial insignia and was chosen for royal duty by the election of the princes. The

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and Count Otto von Habsburg-Kastl – are the primary causes. These nobles succeeded in convincing the young Henry V of his father's lost cause and the eventual triumph of reform. If he did not act and waited until his father died, someone else would attempt to ascend the throne and would find many

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Speyer's importance as the Salic memorial site soon declined and it took several generations until it became a royal burial site again. The emperor's long tenure of excommunication was probably the reason that only Gladbach, a reform monastery under Siegburg domain and the Niederaltaich Imperial

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In 1121 the situation escalated again and Henry decided to launch a military campaign against Adalbert of Mainz. The Archbishop mobilized large contingents, largely from Saxony, for the defense of Mainz. As the two armies faced each other near the city, the commanding princes of both sides began

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in the history of the emergence of civil liberties. The residents were granted numerous rights and benefits (including exemption from inheritance taxes, court taxes and property taxes). No other city in the empire was granted such extensive and far-reaching liberties at the beginning of the 12th

976:. Henry could only command such a large army because his rule was based on consensus with the princes and dukes. Among the participants of this great procession was Henry's court chaplain David, who as a chronicler had been tasked to document a chronicle of all important events in volumes and in 817:

of Speyer, Bamberg or Liège had lost all relevance for the Episcopal Consecration, but family ties to the high nobility. Upon the selection of the bishops, the king only sought the consent of an exclusive circle of a few noble families. These families in turn only campaigned for candidates among

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Matilda handed the imperial insignia to the Archbishop of Mainz and in September 1126 she returned to England. The Hohenstaufer Duke Friedrich II had been considered a promising candidate for royal succession due to his kinship with Heinrich V and his involvement in the efforts towards imperial

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King Henry's ruthless manoeuvers and the incarceration of the pope in 1111 initiated a general change of perception. The arrest of an elder was no longer regarded as a commendable act of the disempowerment of a schismatic ruler, but viewed under the aspect of betrayal of the biological father.

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The insurgents united behind the Archbishop of Cologne and collectively fell from the emperor in early 1114. Two imperial campaigns against the dissidents failed. Initially, Henry took the fortified town of Deutz, which lay across the Rhine from Cologne. His control of Deutz allowed him to cut

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Thanks to the consensual cooperation between the lords and the king, Henry was the first Salian ruler, who had managed to acquire unhindered access to all parts of the empire after a long time and thus able to successfully intervene in political affairs in both the western and eastern imperial

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in Mainz by the Archbishop of Cologne. Four years later the wedding celebrations also took place in Mainz on 7 January 1114 amid great splendor and the attention of princes from all over the empire. The Salians appropriated the occasion to reaffirm unanimity with the imperial nobles after the

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Beginning in 1111, Henry increasingly bypassed the princely consensus for his actions and hardly received any approval. He even applied his father's autocratic forms of government, thus exacerbating the conflict. After the events of 1111, numerous clergymen fell away from him, including first

1684:, explicitly classified as a political work of the princes ruled that Henry was to end the practice of investment with ring and staff. The king was to restore all church property, is no longer the sole representant of the empire and rules henceforth in sync with the princes. The 617:. On 3 September 1106 the body was once again temporarily buried in a still unconsecrated chapel north of Speyer cathedral. An appropriate funeral among his ancestors was only admissible and indeed performed in 1111 after the abolishment of Henry IV's pending excommunication. 1305:, that ended Salian rule in Saxony. From then on Lothair maintained a near royal rule in Saxony, while Henry's power to uphold universal kingship decreased further. The lack of acceptance and loss of prestige reflected itself at the court as none of the princes attended the 1632:

in 1122 was Henry re-admitted without penance or submission to the ecclesial community by a papal legate. After the negotiations had failed, Pope Calixt conferred the honor of papal legacy to the Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz, and thus strengthened the opposition to Henry.

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his ties with Saxony, where the opposition against his father was particularly strong due in part to his absence from the duchy since 1089. In the spring of 1105, Henry V stayed in Saxony for two months and showed his willingness to work with the church on the basis of

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in the duchies and margraviates and the coin – market – and customs rights. Henry and Pope Paschal agreed on this idea in a preliminary contract on 4 February 1111. This meant that the bishops would be deprived of the rights and income that had been theirs since the

1070:. In doing so, he symbolized his subordination to the spiritual father. This ritual was mentioned in the 1111 coronation for the first time and became an official ritual in the coronation ceremonies of the future emperors before entering St. Peter's Basilica. 693:. The princes' participation in great numbers at the diets and the strong increase in chroniclers' reports confirm the new sense of responsibility among the king's vassals for the empire. Henry V reinstalled the bishops who had been banned from entering their 1125:

commemoration of the dead) Henry granted two privileges, which endowed the citizens of Speyer with yet unprecedented civil liberties. As the first privilege lays out memorial ceremonies the privileges for the citizens of the city of Speyer are considered a

1772:. On his deathbed, he entrusted the care of his wife Mathilde and having no legitimate children he left his possessions to his sororal nephew, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. Upon his death the dynastic line of the Franconian, Salian emperors went extinct. 1007:

pledged to assist Pope Paschal in case he needs help. Paschal also received support from the urban nobility of Rome. However, he made no attempt to gain support in northern Italy, whose municipalities began to evade the emperor. With the occupation of

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in Italy in 1093, his royalty and inheritance were revoked at a court in Mainz and transferred to his younger brother, Henry V, in May 1098. The latter had to take an oath never to rule over the father. On 6 January 1099, Henry V was crowned king in

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rule. After he had failed to increase control over the church, the princes in Saxony and on the Middle and Lower Rhine, in 1121 the imperial princes forced Henry V to consent with the papacy. He surrendered to the demands of the second generation of

1047:, and alms, limiting them to their ministry and increasing their dependence on the Pope. They would have lost all political rights and responsibilities in the empire and be dependent on secular protection. On 9 February, Henry V accepted the papal 1545:

and the deposition of the king in the event of his prolonged absence. Henry abruptly broke off the Italian campaign in the fall of 1118 and returned to the north. His wife Matilda remained in Italy as deputy ruler. Henry was able to prevent the

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s had to be cancelled in advance due to the lack of confirmed participants. Henry celebrated Christmas of 1115, one of the most essential occasions of royal representation, in Speyer, surrounded by only a few faithful adherents among whom

424:, Henry managed to get absolved. In 1080 and 1094, however, Henry IV was excommunicated again. In 1102, the church ban was again declared over him and his party, including his son, Henry V. The conflict divided the empire from the church. 469:

The causes and motives that led to the deposition of Henry IV by his son remain debated among modern researchers. Stefan Weinfurter argues that religious reform motives and the corrosive influence of a group of young Bavarian counts –

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Henry's position in Bavaria remained uncontested. After a short stop in 1111 on his return from Italy, he was absent until 1121. The conflicts in Saxony and the Rhineland required lengthy presence in these regions. Nevertheless, the

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and Archbishop Friedrich denounced the catastrophic condition of the church in a letter. The episcopal seats of Worms and Mainz remained vacant for years and the secular rights of the bishops were carried out by royal administrators

798:) and was able to maintain a working relationship with the clerical princes. Next to the staff, the ring became the symbol, that epitomized the marriage of the bishop to his church. This practice had only been introduced by emperor 1121:

August 1111, Henry was able to finally bring about his father's funeral, who had so far rested in an unconsecrated side chapel of Speyer Cathedral. On the same day and seven days later, on 14 August (a date of significance for the

755:, who had captured Duke Borivoi. Borivoi was released at the emperor's command and appointed godfather to Svatopluk's new son. Nevertheless, on Svatopluk's return to Bohemia, he assumed the throne. In 1108, Henry went to war with 1386:

From 1108 on Henry V made official proposals for a marriage with a princess of the English royal family, seeking to increase the authority of the Salian king and secure his throne. His engagement with the eight-year-old princess

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in Würzburg. However, his subsequent activities until September/October 1119 cannot be determined due to the lack of sources. The feeble compliance with his reign is obvious by the lack of royal documents and the nearly unknown

861:, which had caused serious setbacks for the empire during the previous imperial tenure. The papal party who had supported Henry in his resistance to his father hoped he would endorse the papal decrees, which had been renewed by 312:, young Henry V allied himself with the opponents of his father. He forced Henry IV to abdicate on 31 December 1105 and ruled for five years in compliance with the imperial princes. He tried, unsuccessfully, to withdraw the 1893:

birthday). This is contested by Peter Neumeister: dates and interpretations. When was Emperor Heinrich V. born? In: Olaf B. Rader (ed.): Turbata per aequora mundi. Thanks to Eckhard Müller-Mertens. Hanover 2001, pp. 89–97.

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century. These privileges highlight the changes in the Salian idea of kingship compared to the first three Salian rulers. Donations no longer applied to the clergy alone, but an entire township was committed to the Salian

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Upon the Pope's imprisonment, however, Henry lost widespread acknowledgment as he had apprehended Christ's representative, the highest authority in the Latin Christian world. In response, he was banned by cardinal and

1848:. The 1111 events in Rome were discussed throughout all Latin Christianity. The French annals often only mention the imprisonment of the pope by Henry. The events of 1111 also echoed into the far west of Europe. The 918:

from 1089 to 1095, which entitled him to inheritance claims on her vast property. Matilda allowed the troops to traverse her substantial territories in the greater part of Northern Italy, that included present-day

568:– public expressions of reconciliation that were morally binding during the 12th century. Henry IV then disbanded and released his army as father and son left for the diet in Mainz on 21 December. On 23 December in 498:, The Pope promised Henry V, on condition that Henry be a righteous king and a promoter of the Church, not only absolution from the sin of breaking this oath, but also support in the struggle against his father. 818:

their own ranks, who might become important in the future expansion of their respective territories. This practice effectively promoted a clerical office, that was attainable via a hereditary selection process.

1438:. Henry's impertinent demonstrations of power greatly diminished the overall atmosphere of the festivity. Some princes left the festival without permission, as others used the opportunity for conspiracies. 813:. In 1107, the Salians occupied the bishoprics of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Speyer and Verdun with the expressed participation of and approval by the princes. The court chapel, the cathedral schools and the 955:

Henry put great effort into documentation and into staging events favorably for the royal party. He was allegedly accompanied by a huge army of 30,000 knights from all over the empire, that according to

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On 5 or 6 January 1106, more than fifty imperial princes were present when Henry V was anointed and crowned king. Ruthard, Archbishop of Mainz, presented the imperial insignia with the cautionary words:

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remained loyal and Henry's opponents failed to assert themselves in Bavaria while the Bavarian nobles attended Henry's court throughout the empire. Despite the events of 1111 and the clashes in 1115,

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and the means by which their service to the king was traditionally made possible and rewarded. If these regalia were returned to the empire, the bishops would have to live off their own property, the

1249:, who refused to pay the annual tribute and Henry allegedly sacrificed a Cologne troop contingent to the Frisians. The citizens of Cologne complained about the draconian regiment of one of Henry's 1031: 740:, as reward for Lothar's support during the 1104/05 disempowerment of Henry IV. This act was enforced upon the legal body of the duchy against traditional habits of dynastic inheritance. 3253: 1078:

on 12 April, and the right to invest with ring and staff. On 13 April, Paschal completed the imperial coronation. In addition, Paschal had to swear an oath never to excommunicate Henry.

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who ruled in Southern Italy and with whom the papacy has been trying to counterbalance the Roman-German rulers before. The Normans had already occupied Rome against Henry IV in 1084.

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elements of documentation and propaganda, that might be useful in likely future clashes with the Pope. David's account has not survived, but the work has been used by later authors.

408:, the chief advocate of church reform ideas. Gregory's central demand was that the emperor must refrain from investing abbots and bishops, a practice that had been essential for the 6126: 869:

in 1106. The king, however, continued to invest the bishops, but wished the pope to hold a council in Germany to settle the question. After some hesitation, Paschal preferred

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in August 1110 concrete plans were made for a march on Rome and arrangements to bring about an honorable end to the investiture dispute. The army chose the shortest route via the

6116: 1501:, excommunicated the emperor, and called upon the pope to ratify the verdict. Paschal, however, refused to take so extreme a step. The discord entered a new stage in 1115 when 702:, the bishops Burchhard von Münster, Otto von Bamberg and Erlung von Würzburg and Count Hermann von Winzenburg were named remarkably often in official documents. From 1108 the 1445:

mentions a child of Henry and Matilda that died soon after birth. A single source mentions a daughter of Henry named Bertha, who was probably illegitimate. She married Count

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and the king broke and with it the ties of consensual rule between the king and the secular princes. In March 1112, the Investiture privilege was revoked by the curia on a

1034:. Pope Paschal proposed that Henry give up the investiture altogether – the appointment of bishops to the episcopate – and in return get back all fiefs of sovereign royal 5780: 877:, renewed his prohibition of lay investiture. The matter slumbered until 1110, when, negotiations between king and pope having failed, Paschal renewed his decrees. 3981: 2783: 4998: 1603:

On 2 February 1119, Pope Calixt II took over the pontificate. On 24 October 1119, the Pope and Emperor again negotiated a settlement in the investiture dispute in

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river. However, a battle was prevented by the princes of both sides who wished to find a peaceful solution. At Christmas 1105, an agreement was to be reached at a

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Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs: Zwanzig internationale Beiträge zu Praxis, Problemen und Perspektiven der historischen Komparatistik

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French ecclesiastical sources in particular consistently judged Henry negatively, stylized him as a troublemaker and as a traitor or tyrant. For the French abbot

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in 1117. The emperor's bond with the nobility of Rome through marriage was unique. In his conflict with the Pope and the struggle for domination in Italy, the

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Property disputes also led to conflicts in Saxony, as Henry interfered with the princely territorial policy while trying to expand the Salian domain. In 1112,

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at a synod in Jerusalem in the summer of 1111. In September 1112 he was excommunicated by a Burgundian synod headed by Archbishop Guido of Vienne, the future

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gained increasing significance. Simultaneously, Henry's opponents gathered in Cologne upon the invitation of Adalbert of Mainz, to discuss clerical issues.

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unification. However, his candidacy at the Mainz electoral assembly on 24 August 1125 was unsuccessful since he refused to accept free elections (

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only on his successful rebellion against the father and the approval of the princes, but also on his inheritance claim to the throne. The city of

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ideas by removing the bishops, Friedrich von Halberstadt, Udo von Hildesheim, and Henry von Paderborn, who had been appointed by his father. In

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who had supported Henry during his struggle with his father. Henry rewarded him generously with the land and title of the Duchy of Saxony as

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supporters. Out of concern for his salvation, Henry then abandoned his father and joined the "salvation community" of the young Bavarians.

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by Calixt in October 1119, abandoned his former papal nominee, Gregory VIII and is again received into the community of the Roman church.

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In November 1104, Henry V joined his father's army on a punitive expedition against Saxon Reformers who had opposed the election of the

3778: 3692: 1872: 1784:) of the princes and he further destroyed his chances due to his overconfidence of victory, which was generally perceived as haughty ( 1769: 1350:

proved to be loyal supporters of Henry V. These nobles received extraordinary treatment for their services. Engelbert II acquired the

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and imprisoned him in St. Peter. After two months Henry was able to acquire his father's (Henry IV) absolution from Paschal in the

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during Henry V's reign, which historians have compared to the amicable set of rules and conflict management and settlement of the

1093:. According to scholar Stefan Weinfurter, the year 1111 was a turning point in the reign of Henry V. The recent unity between the 6111: 5958: 5766: 5696: 4793: 4783: 4753: 4640: 4329: 4299: 4269: 1789: 1335: 530: 471: 305: 3464: 1800:, who was eventually elected. Legitimacy was no longer determined by inheritance, but through election by the imperial princes. 1652:. The particular clauses of the Concordat were negotiated among the princes. The mutual exchange of two documents, an imperial ( 580:, the property of Bishop Gebhard, not for his protection, but for custody. Henry was thrown into the dungeon and was held there 5656: 5307: 4984: 4813: 4763: 4605: 4354: 4309: 4249: 4074: 2049: 1797: 1227: 1143:

was also granted generous privileges in 1114, however, unlike in Speyer, the residents were not granted any personal freedoms.

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most frequently mentioned by the worldly nobles in the royal documents. Additionally, the archbishops Friedrich of Cologne and

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estates. Henry visited Saxony several times until 1112, as his relationship with the Saxons was stable during the next years.

6017: 5720: 5227: 4871: 4833: 4828: 4808: 4709: 4374: 4369: 4349: 4284: 3847: 2787: 1611:. Henry only wished to make extensive commitments with the consent of the princes. The negotiations failed. The encounter at 1343: 1271: 5920: 4886: 376:, survived childhood; two other siblings had died early. Henry seems to have spent the first years of his life primarily in 5744: 5728: 5704: 5624: 5616: 4960: 4823: 4818: 4798: 4773: 4758: 4738: 4694: 4571: 4566: 4364: 4359: 4339: 4319: 4304: 4289: 4274: 4234: 4229: 1596:

After the second Italian expedition, the opposition in Germany was gradually crushed, and a general peace was declared at

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Henry V continued to insist on his right to invest with ring and staff as well as on the oath of fidelity for bishops and

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The celebrations for the coronation began on 12 February 1111. Henry V kissed the feet of the Pope in public in front of

5908: 5903: 5843: 5712: 5680: 5632: 5608: 5592: 4803: 4778: 4699: 4625: 4576: 4561: 4556: 4411: 4392: 4344: 4324: 4279: 4259: 4239: 4224: 4219: 4120: 4084: 3090: 2135: 1793: 1457: 1347: 1339: 1315: 710: 706: 645: 298: 256: 72: 1403:. In return, his daughter's marriage to Henry V enormously increased his prestige. On 25 July 1110 Matilda was crowned 5688: 5584: 4635: 4551: 4264: 4214: 1530: 1498: 699: 428: 3465:"Fürstliche Opposition gegen das Königtum im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert als Gestalterin mittelalterlicher Staatlichkeit" 5803: 4927: 4843: 4726: 4715: 3937: 1301:

At Christmas 1114, unrest culminated in Saxony. On 11 February 1115, Duke Lothair eventually defeated Henry in the

788: 733: 599:"If he does not prove to be a just leader of the empire and a defender of the church, he will end like his father." 491: 381: 1497:

After Henry had departed from Rome in 1111 a council declared the privilege of the lay investiture to be invalid.

514:), an elementary Christian virtue of rulers. His stay concluded with the celebration of the Pentecost festival in 6141: 4955: 4936: 4917: 4684: 729: 589: 2705:"Untersuchungen zur Darstellung mittelalterlicher Herrscher in der deutschen Kaiserchronik des 12. Jahrhunderts" 1135:. The Speyer civil liberties, legal privileges and economic advance were associated with the memory of Henry V. 640: 6131: 5823: 4895: 4721: 1983: 1649: 1648:

Thus, on 23 September 1122 the so-called Concordat of Worms came about. Calixt II, was represented by Cardinal

924: 910: 846: 1688:

allowes the emperor to be present at the ordination of bishops and abbots. Henry is only allowed to grant the

821:

Henry's indicative bishop investiture with ring and staff did not help to solve the conflict with the papacy.

669: 324:

in 1111. Once crowned emperor, Henry departed from joint rule with the princes and resorted to earlier Salian

6106: 5893: 5789: 5121: 4516: 4434: 4058: 2015:

Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)

1331: 1208: 1195: 1067: 858: 764: 475: 309: 30: 3286:

Die älteren Diepoldinger als Markgrafen in Bayern (1077–1204): Adlige Herrschaftsbildung im Hochmittelalter

533:, thereby convincing Leopold to abandon his father's party. At the end of October 1105, Henry V arrived at 482:

Another line of research supports the theory that the murder of Sieghard of Burghausen in February 1104 by

5495: 4876: 4645: 3401:"Inszenierung verpflichtet Zum Verständnis ritueller Akte bei Papst-Kaiser-Begegnungen im 12. Jahrhundert" 2206: 1753: 1446: 1275: 973: 810: 721: 439:, to be his heir and arranged to have Conrad crowned king in Aachen in 1087. After Conrad defected to the 409: 2080:

Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie – Bd. 1: Aufstieg und Machtentfaltung (975 bis 1190)

1708:

The marriage ties with the English royal dynasty involved Henry into the Franco-Norman conflict in 1123.

577: 6086: 5978: 5863: 5664: 4662: 4610: 4582: 4049: 3921:

History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I

1510: 1461: 1404: 1024: 887: 427:

Henry IV therefore sought to strengthen his influence in the south. His daughter, Agnes, was engaged to

154: 3010: 1834: 1442: 1740: 1366: 6091: 5973: 5813: 5672: 5539: 4908: 4862: 4743: 4673: 4650: 4620: 4254: 1302: 1204: 1159: 806: 752: 787:

and obtain their royal documents. Under Henry V opposition to Salian rule reached its climax in the

5935: 5525: 5490: 5459: 5424: 5408: 5352: 5052: 5044: 4689: 4679: 4667: 4505: 4476: 4461: 4447: 4204: 4194: 3943: 2318:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm" 1830: 1664:

between pope and emperor. Upon future bishop ordinations, a distinction was to be made between the

1518: 995:

Pope Paschal, who could not count on further support from Matilda of Tuscany, sought help from the

909:

upon his departure for Italy. He signalled preparedness as he ordered a new royal seal to be made.

772: 661: 526: 519: 373: 2972: 672:

confronts and triumphs over emperor Henry V, who is forced to withdraw from Poland, 24 August 1109

588:(crown, scepter, imperial cross, holy lance and imperial sword). Henry IV then was transferred to 6060: 5881: 5853: 5838: 5640: 5473: 4704: 4595: 4532: 4496: 4184: 4143: 4102: 4063: 4032: 3484: 3420: 2837: 1717: 1709: 1629: 1564: 1502: 1450: 1431: 1396: 1355: 1040: 915: 850: 756: 436: 401: 369: 338: 290: 221: 144: 94: 44: 3914:

Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt.

3635:

Papst und Kaiser als Zwillinge?: Ein anderer Blick auf die Universalgewalten im Investiturstreit

1645:

met on 29 September 1121 in Würzburg and forced the emperor to finally reconcile with the pope.

1287: 2968:

Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt

1580: 1509:

Pope Paschal died on 21 January 1118. Henry helped to appoint Archbishop Mauritius of Braga as

681:

affairs, increased. In several documents Henry would state that he had carried out his actions

316:

from the bishops. Then in order to at least preserve the previous right to invest, he captured

6010: 5990: 5968: 5808: 5566: 5547: 5392: 5145: 4537: 4466: 4169: 3953: 3902: 3887: 3872: 3843: 3811: 3789: 3774: 3732: 3710: 3688: 3673: 3639: 3633: 3589: 3370: 3364: 3343: 3337: 3290: 3284: 3229: 3202: 3196: 3175: 3169: 3148: 3142: 3069: 2875: 2816: 2810: 2736: 2730: 2640: 2572: 2566: 2542: 2536: 2515: 2488: 2482: 2357: 2238: 2164: 2158: 2088: 2084: 2078: 2019: 1957: 1925: 1856: 1757: 1696:

for bishops and by the bishops for the abbots. Henry, who had been solemnly excommunicated at

1412:

clothing at the wedding. He was forgiven for his participation in the inheritance disputes of

1212: 1163: 1086: 1020: 1016: 1004: 814: 334: 3583: 3063: 2634: 1258:). The territorial princes complained as well. From 1113 Henry had begun to adopt the Salian 537:, the centre of Salian rule. Here he installed Gebhard, a fervent opponent of his father, as 5925: 5914: 5828: 5481: 5400: 5376: 4732: 4630: 4510: 4456: 4189: 4174: 3476: 3412: 3198:

Rom und die Regionen: Studien zur Homogenisierung der lateinischen Kirche im Hochmittelalter

3044: 2509: 2232: 2013: 1859:

mentioned an "emperor" for the very first time among its record on the capture of the pope:

1833:

asserted that his childlessness was the just punishment for the betrayal of his father. For

1689: 1638: 1604: 1526: 1484: 1427: 1375: 1327: 1175: 1094: 1090: 1009: 957: 776: 585: 573: 538: 405: 393: 330: 202: 2784:"Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum. Bearbeitet von Ludwig Weiland. Bd. 1" 1569: 5942: 5898: 5858: 5833: 5600: 5509: 5432: 5416: 4589: 4481: 4471: 4199: 4179: 4159: 1624: 1573: 1388: 1371: 1351: 1187: 1171: 1132: 1098: 1013: 822: 725: 572:, Henry persuaded his father to retreat to a castle for his own protection, as Archbishop 569: 495: 432: 421: 417: 397: 389: 365: 317: 286: 278: 266: 179: 89: 2704: 1692:

to the newly elected with his scepter. The final consecration was to be performed by the

760: 435:. The emperor also sought to secure his royal succession. Henry IV chose his eldest son, 2966: 1861:"Emperor Henry came to Rome, captured Paschal by treason and forced him to take an oath" 5984: 5887: 5576: 5368: 4615: 4546: 4522: 4209: 4003: 3835: 2418: 2313: 2288: 1826: 1761: 1623:

to submit to a reconciliation ritual and meet the Pope bare-footed. After his father's

1472: 1263: 1231: 1220: 1155: 1140: 981: 246: 4976: 3065:

Adlige – Stifter – Mönche: zum Verhältnis zwischen Klöstern und mittelalterlichem Adel

1533:

had only limited effects, Gelasius II himself banished the emperor. For a forthcoming

584:

over Christmas. At the Reichstag in Mainz, Henry prompted his father to hand over the

453:

policies proceeded to be extremely cautious after the death of his older son, Conrad.

354:

Henry V was probably born on 11 August in 1081 or 1086. However, only the date of his

6075: 5517: 5007: 4946: 4091: 4039: 3977: 3972: 3930: 3926: 3488: 3424: 2899: 1721: 1392: 996: 542: 483: 126: 361:

at Easter 1101 can be confirmed. This ceremony usually took place at the age of 15.

6005: 4491: 4442: 2660: 1673: 1480:, the preferred eastern Alpine crossing during the Middle Ages, seen from the north 1477: 1250: 1216: 1083: 767:

and Borivoi on Svatopluk forced Henry to give up his campaign. Instead, he invaded

703: 5035: 1724:

and an invasion in Northern France would enable him to strengthen his position in

1525:

had only been founded recently. However, Gregor was unable to best his competitor

652:, where resentments against Imperial rule repeatedly culminated in armed conflicts 3566: 3223: 2869: 2392: 1951: 1919: 1555:

of Henry's court, since apparently nobody ever requested any of these documents.

5995: 5454: 5360: 4656: 4154: 2812:

The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100–1350: Essays by German Historians

2266: 1552: 1538: 1490: 1408:

conflicts in recent years. Duke Lothair of Supplinburg appeared barefoot and in

1182: 1000: 676:

In spring 1106, while Henry reflects on his father's mistakes, he remarked that

656: 510:, he entered the town barefoot on Palm Sunday, thus demonstrating his humility ( 507: 36: 6055: 3700:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder" 1984:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder" 771:

to compel them to renew their accustomed tribute but was again defeated at the

5339: 5315: 5291: 4965: 3480: 1776:

Abbey, are the only monasteries that have adopted Henry V's memorial service.

969: 862: 842: 744: 665: 603: 377: 325: 321: 59: 3990:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–278. 3416: 2184: 1809:

Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz characterized the immediate reign of Henry V as

5818: 5534: 5384: 5283: 5243: 5219: 5203: 5068: 5060: 4164: 2484:

Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien: Hundert Jahre Italia Pontificia

2351: 1600:, while the desire for a settlement of the investiture dispute was growing. 1295: 1291: 1286:, Duke Gottfried of Lorraine, Henry of Zutphen, and Count Theodoric of Aar, 1012:

in 1111, Milan began to build up its own territory. The Norman army sent by

938:

Henry V sent envoys to Matilda in order to negotiate and complete the note:

866: 541:. In the fall of 1105, the armies of father and son faced each other at the 515: 1712:

asked his son-in-law for military support in his struggle for dominance in

606:

and the divine mandate was no longer the legitimate basis for Salian rule.

5758: 3250:

Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode

1399:

paid the extraordinarily high sum of 10,000 or 15,000 pounds of silver as

5504: 5468: 5299: 5275: 5267: 5251: 5235: 5211: 5171: 4852: 3823:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel" 2538:

Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie der Theologie und der Kirchen (DBETh)

2267:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel" 1849: 1815:"election" should bring "freedom" to the church and "peace" to the people 1749: 1725: 1713: 1413: 1246: 965: 964:. The strength of his forces helped him to secure general recognition in 920: 891: 720:

After the 1106 death of the last member of the Saxon Billung family line

610: 449: 448:, where he was required to repeat the oath. His brother, Conrad, died in 355: 1541:

and during Henry's absence the royal princes planned the restoration of

914:

presence was particularly important for Henry as he had been married to

5331: 5323: 5195: 5187: 5179: 5163: 5155: 5084: 5076: 5022: 1619:. During the negotiations on the solution of the ban, Henry V found it 1456:

Eventually, affairs in Italy compelled Henry to leave and appoint duke

1418: 1409: 1122: 1035: 987: 932: 928: 748: 694: 561: 313: 241: 191: 4403: 4112: 1434:

captured and imprisoned for his participation in the Saxon rebellion,

1322:

documents in which only thirteen of all 38 bishoprics were addressed.

962:

impressive display of worldly power in the nightly glow of the torches

802:, yet became one of the causes for Henry IV's conflict with the Pope. 6022: 5259: 5129: 5100: 5092: 1765: 1597: 1052: 882: 874: 870: 768: 686: 685:. In order to find greater consent with the nobility he would summon 534: 445: 413: 392:, as the centre of resistance, was joined by the southern duchies of 294: 175: 3958:

History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes, Vol. III

3610: 3314: 3252:(Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: 2607: 2317: 1058: 794:

Henry V. continued the practice of investiture with ring and staff (

3510: 3048: 857:

Henry's primary concern during his reign was the settlement of the

625: 576:

would refuse to let him into the city. Henry agreed and was led to

5137: 3971:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1821: 1748:

During his last years the emperor was occupied with a campaign in

1739: 1697: 1612: 1608: 1579: 1568: 1514: 1400: 1365: 1181: 1150: 1057: 1044: 986: 899: 895: 655: 649: 636:, the basis for his ascent as Henry's royal and imperial successor 624: 615:

present himself as a legitimate force of conservation and progress

553: 460: 1062:

The empire during Ottonian and Salian rule (10th to 12th century)

6000: 5108: 1729: 1453:

marriages of imperial partisans would receive particular honor.

1055:

was not the investiture, but the secularization of the bishops.

633: 5762: 4980: 4407: 4116: 1441:

The marriage to Matilda produced no male heirs. The chronicler

609:

However, Henry IV escaped from prison in Ingelheim and fled to

3511:"Das Wormser Konkordat und der Südwesten des regnum Romanorum" 2732:

The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture

3884:

Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs.

3035:

JW Thompson (1918). "Church and State in Mediaeval Germany".

2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 3758:"Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit" 1211:

and most significant the break with his long-time confidant

566:"fell around his father's neck", "shed tears and kissed him" 2681:

I. Montanelli; Storia d'Italia Vol 476–1250 p. 440, Rizzoli

2185:"Vita Heinrici IV imperatoris (Leben Kaiser Heinrichs IV.)" 1617:"end and turning point of royal penance in Medieval Europe" 678:"disregard for the princes was the downfall of the empire." 2353:

Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit

1019:

to rescue the papists was turned back by the imperialist

293:(from 1111 to 1125), as the fourth and last ruler of the 3366:

Kampf um den Stuhl Petri: Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste

1422:(submission). This occasion is the only known case of a 1278:

also failed to achieve consent with the Saxon nobility.

902:

in February 1111 and from there proceeded towards Rome.

2633:

Clifford J. Rogers; John France; Kelly DeVries (2010).

980:

can understand it. Thus, Henry had already planned the

3011:"Die Bischöfe von Speyerzur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II" 1529:. After a banishment of Henry by papal legates around 751:, which was only partially successful. Henry summoned 308:

and the struggle against the reform papacy during the

2710:. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. p. 298 465:

Emperor Henry V visits his father Henry IV in prison.

404:. These southern duchies again sought the support of 285:; probably 11 August 1081 or 1086 – 23 May 1125) was 3729:

Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie

2322:

Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association

2107: 2105: 1756:, two disputes in which his opponents were aided by 1270:

during the same year. The appointment of Bruning as

1245:

also broke with Henry during a campaign against the

6031: 5951: 5872: 5796: 5559: 5444: 5351: 5120: 5043: 5015: 4945: 4926: 4907: 4885: 4861: 4842: 4531: 4490: 4441: 1643:

many "heads of the state" (tot capita rei publicae)

1517:served as the residence city of the newly emerging 1219:. The conflict with Adalbert apparently arose over 1147:

Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne

582:"unwashed and unshaven and deprived of any service" 262: 252: 240: 215: 197: 185: 164: 160: 150: 140: 132: 125: 117: 109: 101: 88: 78: 68: 58: 50: 43: 23: 3772:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V." 3685:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175" 3315:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V." 2608:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175" 368:(died in 1087), Henry and his two older siblings, 3899:The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation. 3542: 3540: 3043:(4). The American Journal of Theologyy: 513–540. 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2689: 2687: 2350:Jürgen Dendorfer, Tilman Struve (14 April 2024). 978:such a simple style that even less learned people 2568:The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation 1945: 1943: 1941: 1174:) in 1113. The site served as depository of the 3136: 3134: 2560: 2558: 2226: 2224: 2012:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). 1913: 1911: 1909: 1875:– he was related to every other king of Germany 6137:11th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire 6040:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma 3225:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages 1660:) paper marked the official settlement of the 5774: 4992: 4419: 4128: 3788:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. 3339:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth 2735:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 196–. 2571:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–. 2163:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. 2072: 2070: 1590:Città del Vaticano, Archivio Segreto Vaticano 1391:took place in Utrecht at Easter of 1110. The 683:"with the judgment and advice of the princes" 297:dynasty. He was made co-ruler by his father, 8: 6117:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church 3832:(PDF). Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008 3638:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 188–. 3068:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 63–. 1668:(secular property and prerogatives) and the 873:to Germany, and, after holding a council at 809:was invested with ring and staff as the new 3869:Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien 3830:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein" 2289:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein" 1576:was only consecrated 12 years prior in 1110 1298:ended Henry's presence at the Lower Rhine. 6127:Burials at St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht 5781: 5767: 5759: 4999: 4985: 4977: 4426: 4412: 4404: 4135: 4121: 4113: 3994: 3753:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2009 3705:Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan. 2996:(Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 215 2471:, in: Encyklopedia Wrocławia, Wrocław 2000 1760:. On 23 May 1125, Henry died of cancer in 29: 20: 3746:Adam & Charles Black, p. 70 1914 3663:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1 3171:Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900–1300 2601: 2599: 2597: 1768:, his heart and bowels are buried at the 952:. The way to Rome was open for the king. 907:was imbued with ideas of an epochal event 556:for the announced diet. According to the 525:Henry V promised the hand of his sister, 337:ended the Investiture Controversy in the 304:In Emperor Henry IV's conflicts with the 3707:Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters 3342:. Yale University Press. pp. 716–. 2456:"S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedia Powszechna" 1842:("proditio et perfidia diu premeditata") 1483: 1471: 1460:and his brother Conrad, the future king 1262:, when for the first time, Burchhard, a 841: 775:. In 1110, he succeeded in securing the 713:would frequently appear in the records. 639: 364:Three children of Henry IV and his wife 35:Henry V depicted in a contemporary 3934:The Cambridge Medieval History: Vol III 3840:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe" 3513:. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 3308: 3306: 3195:Jochen Johrendt; Harald Müller (2012). 2946:A History of Germany in the Middle Ages 2815:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–. 2481:Klaus Herbers; Jochen Johrendt (2009). 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2124:(Adam & Charles Black, 1914), p. 70 1905: 1885: 1839:planned betrayal and treachery in Rome 1309:on 1 November 1115 in Mainz. Scheduled 320:and forced him to perform his imperial 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2893: 2891: 2809:Graham A. Loud; Jochen Schenk (2017). 2639:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 38–. 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 1977: 1975: 1973: 518:and the confirmation of the Magdeburg 3763:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Deutinger, Roman. 3509:Frederic Laudenklos (12 March 2008). 3289:. Herbert Utz Verlag. pp. 398–. 3004: 3002: 2514:. W. Kohlhammer Verlag. pp. 3–. 2138:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2134:Jürgen Dendorfer (15 November 2009). 1430:. On the other hand, Henry had Count 1362:Marriage to Matilda of England (1110) 1162:. Henry V ignored property claims of 898:, then moved to Florence, arrived at 743:In 1107, Henry campaigned to restore 7: 3760:Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008 3201:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 376–. 3147:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 328–. 2636:Journal of Medieval Military History 2541:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 793–. 2487:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 138–. 944:for peace and the honor of the king 172: 11 August 1081/11 August 1086 16:Holy Roman Emperor from 1111 to 1125 5964:Church and state in medieval Europe 3867:Herbers, Klaus; Johrendt, Jochen. 3765:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter" 3756:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Struve, Tilman. 3585:Lothars III. Kampf mit den Staufern 2419:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter" 2417:Jürgen Dendorfer, Roman Deutinger. 2356:. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg. 1811:"oppression" of "church and empire" 1744:Henry V's tomb, Cathedral of Speyer 1720:, Henry V had vague designs on the 3948:The Normans in the South 1016–1130 3751:"Regensburg im »Investiturstreit«" 3670:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt 3114:"Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters" 2606:Stefan Weinfurter (January 2006). 2535:Bernd Moeller; Bruno Jahn (2011). 2237:. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. 2136:"Regensburg im "Investiturstreit"" 1953:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt 1873:Family tree of the German monarchs 1770:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht 1615:in October 1119 is considered the 728:to either of the two sons-in-law, 529:, in marriage to the Babenberger, 208:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht 14: 5931:Norman conquest of southern Italy 3842:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 3313:Jürgen Dendorfer (January 2005). 2994:The Crisis of the Twelfth Century 1788:). Further royal candidates were 1380:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1266:was installed as governor of the 1178:during the 12th and 13th century. 1051:. For Pope Paschal, the cause of 940:"de pace de regis honore suoque" 6102:11th-century Kings of the Romans 6097:12th-century Holy Roman Emperors 6054: 5034: 4388: 4387: 3964: 3810:Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. 3632:Claudius Sieber-Lehmann (2015). 3369:. Verlag Herder. pp. 257–. 3037:The American Journal of Theology 1790:Leopold III, Margrave of Austria 1588:), issued on 23 September 1122 ( 1370:Wedding banquet of Henry V. and 1342:as well as his brother Hartwig, 1336:Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg 472:Margrave Diepold III von Vohburg 2948:, (Haskell House, 1894), p. 222 2758:"Papsttum und Invesriturstreit" 2458:, Warsaw 1902, vol. XII, p. 406 1921:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia 972:intended to crown him with the 853:were married from 1089 to 1095. 230: 6018:Separation of church and state 3565:Eduard Gervais (of-?) (1842). 3532:The Cambridge Medieval History 3228:. Cambridge University Press. 3222:Ferdinand Gregorovius (2010). 2971:. Ginn & company. p. 2393:"Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V." 1918:Christopher Kleinhenz (2004). 1158:near the modern small town of 1: 3786:Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106 3611:"Die Salier. Macht im Wandel" 3174:. OUP Oxford. pp. 296–. 2160:Henry IV of Germany 1056-1106 1238:, though was later pardoned. 168: 5909:First Council of the Lateran 5844:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 3999:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 3901:Cambridge University Press. 3855:Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V. 3722:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit" 3469:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3405:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3168:Elisabeth van Houts (2019). 2729:Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). 2050:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit" 1794:Charles I, Count of Flanders 1458:Frederick II of Hohenstaufen 257:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 6122:Burials at Speyer Cathedral 6082:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 5904:First Battle of Langensalza 5849:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 3767:(PDF). Jan Thorbecke Verlag 3588:. diplom.de. pp. 22–. 3363:Christiane Laudage (2012). 1678:"the clergy and the people" 1672:(spiritual authority). The 1531:Jordan, Archbishop of Milan 1499:Guido, Archbishop of Vienne 1316:Duke Frederick II of Swabia 805:In Mainz on 7 January 1106 724:, Henry did not confer the 431:, who in 1079 obtained the 189:23 May 1125 (aged 38 or 43) 54:13 April 1111 – 23 May 1125 6160: 5804:Atto (archbishop of Milan) 4928:North German Confederation 4844:Confederation of the Rhine 3938:Cambridge University Press 3825:. University of Heidelberg 3475:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 3411:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 2231:Wilfried Hartmann (2010). 2018:. C.H. Beck. pp. 5–. 1950:Stefan Weinfurter (2006). 1764:. His bones are buried at 1752:and the succession of the 1562: 1025:Ptolemy I of Tusculum 6049: 5921:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 5032: 4383: 4150: 4100: 4089: 4081: 4071: 4056: 4046: 4037: 4029: 4024: 3997: 3950:. Longmans: London, 1967. 3864:C.H. Sergel Company, 1894 3481:10.1515/9783110179149.141 3141:Michael Borgolte (2009). 3091:"Die Grafen von Sulzbach" 2207:"Annales hildesheimenses" 2077:Wolfgang Stürner (2019). 1732:and Henry returned home. 1704:Failed campaign in France 1468:Second Italian expedition 991:Map of Italy, around 1050 646:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 621:Period of consensual rule 28: 5824:Gotofredo da Castiglione 5447:(title disputed 887–933) 4896:Archduke John of Austria 3982:Henry V. (Roman emperor) 3702:University of Heidelberg 3661:Kleinhenz, Christopher. 3417:10.1515/9783110242331.61 3062:Nathalie Kruppa (2007). 1853:Chronicon Kemperlegiense 1650:Lambert, Bishop of Ostia 1436:which upset many princes 1340:Engelbert II of Spanheim 838:First Italian expedition 289:(from 1099 to 1125) and 6112:Investiture Controversy 5894:Donation of Constantine 5790:Investiture Controversy 3987:Encyclopædia Britannica 3857:University of Bonn 2015 2965:Robinson, J.H. (1904). 2838:"Die Macht der Rituale" 2565:I. S. Robinson (1990). 2157:I. S. Robinson (2003). 2099:Book only has 391 pages 1676:was to be performed by 1332:Berengar II of Sulzbach 1288:Count Gerhard of Julich 1213:Adalbert of Saarbrücken 1209:Reinhard of Halberstadt 1076:Treaty of Ponte Mammolo 911:Duke Welf II of Bavaria 859:Investiture Controversy 847:Duke Welf II of Bavaria 765:Boleslaus III of Poland 709:and from 1111 Margrave 560:On 20 December 1105 in 492:Archbishop of Magdeburg 476:Berengar II of Sulzbach 310:Investiture Controversy 6061:Catholicism portal 3463:Monika Suchan (2003). 3254:Genealogie Mittelalter 1837:, Henry was guilty of 1754:margraviate of Meissen 1745: 1641:called a gathering of 1593: 1577: 1494: 1481: 1447:Ptolemy II of Tusculum 1383: 1260:practice of occupation 1228:Lothair of Supplinburg 1199: 1179: 1063: 1017:Robert I of Capua 992: 974:Iron Crown of Lombardy 854: 811:Archbishop of Salzburg 673: 653: 637: 630:Lothair of Supplinburg 466: 410:Imperial Church System 282: 5979:Divine right of kings 5864:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 3808:Der Investiturstreit. 3801:The Holy Roman Empire 3731:. Kohlhammer Verlag. 3582:Holger Macht (2004). 3399:Gerd Althoff (2001). 2786:. MGH. Archived from 2663:. Deutsche Biographie 1846:behaved like a tyrant 1743: 1621:hard, even unbearable 1583: 1572: 1487: 1475: 1369: 1185: 1154: 1061: 990: 970:archbishop Grossolano 888:Great St Bernard Pass 845: 796:per anulum et baculum 738:Lothar of Supplinburg 659: 643: 628: 552:Henry IV advanced to 464: 420:Henry IV in 1077. By 388:the landed nobility. 333:, and in 1122 he and 5974:College of Cardinals 5814:Antipope Clement III 5657:Lothair III (or II) 5010:between 476 and 1556 4909:German Confederation 4863:German Confederation 3944:Norwich, John Julius 3916:Ginn & co (1904) 3806:Hartmann, Wilfried. 3687:. Thorbecke Verlag, 3683:Weinfurter, Stefan. 3668:Weinfurter, Stefan. 3283:Tobias Küss (2013). 2871:Der Investiturstreit 2868:Claudia Zey (2017). 2763:. Universität Zürich 2508:Egon Boshof (2008). 2469:"Bitwa na Psim Polu" 2234:Der Investiturstreit 1736:Death and succession 1674:episcopal ordination 1344:Bishop of Regensburg 1303:Battle of Welfesholz 1284:Archbishop Frederick 1272:Bishop of Hildesheim 1243:Frederick of Cologne 1205:Conrad I of Salzburg 1068:St. Peter's Basilica 832:Châlons-en-Champagne 496:Pope Paschal II 422:repenting at Canossa 4448:Carolingian dynasty 4435:Monarchs of Germany 4144:Holy Roman emperors 4075:Emperor Lothair III 3882:Borgolte, Michael. 3871:Walter de Gruyter. 3770:Dendorfer, Jürgen. 3749:Dendorfer, Jürgen. 3727:Stürner, Wolfgang. 3336:John Freed (2016). 3009:Karl-Albert Zölch. 2992:Bisson, Thomas M., 2944:Henderson, Ernest, 2790:on 17 February 2020 2209:. Archive org. 1878 2187:. Geschichtsquellen 1857:Quimperlé monastery 1796:and the Saxon Duke 1662:investiture dispute 1584:Imperial document ( 1523:local archbishopric 1519:Kingdom of Portugal 1464:as administrators. 1416:after performing a 1276:Bishop of Merseburg 1236:Battle of Warnstadt 1196:William R. Shepherd 773:Battle of Hundsfeld 734:Otto of Ballenstedt 662:Battle of Hundsfeld 457:Assumption of power 441:Church Reform Party 384:Bishop of Utrecht. 331:Gregorian reformers 5882:Concordat of Worms 5854:Matilda of Tuscany 5839:Henry I of England 4533:Kingdom of Germany 4497:Kingdom of Germany 4103:Holy Roman Emperor 4064:King of the Romans 3862:History of Bohemia 3720:Lubich, Gerhard. 3665:. Routledge, 2004. 3089:Jürgen Dendorfer. 2444:History of Bohemia 1835:Hériman of Tournai 1746: 1718:Louis VI of France 1710:Henry I of England 1628:conclusion of the 1594: 1578: 1565:Concordat of Worms 1559:Concordat of Worms 1503:Matilda of Tuscany 1495: 1482: 1443:Hériman of Tournai 1432:Louis of Thuringia 1405:Roman-German Queen 1397:Henry I of England 1384: 1372:Matilda of England 1356:Duchy of Carinthia 1348:Bishop of Augsburg 1268:Diocese of Cambrai 1200: 1180: 1166:and declared it a 1103:depraved privilege 1101:and designated as 1064: 1049:Concordat of Sutri 993: 916:Matilda of Tuscany 855: 851:Matilda of Tuscany 757:Coloman of Hungary 753:Svatopluk the Lion 674: 654: 638: 467: 339:Concordat of Worms 291:Holy Roman Emperor 222:Matilda of England 210:(heart and bowels) 136:1098 – 23 May 1125 105:1099 – 23 May 1125 95:King of the Romans 45:Holy Roman Emperor 6069: 6068: 6011:Donation of Pepin 5991:Holy Roman Empire 5969:Clerical celibacy 5809:Pope Callixtus II 5756: 5755: 5567:Holy Roman Empire 4974: 4973: 4900: 4899:(Imperial Regent) 4538:Holy Roman Empire 4467:Louis the Younger 4401: 4400: 4111: 4110: 4072:Succeeded by 4047:Succeeded by 3907:978-0-521-31922-5 3892:978-3-05-004829-1 3877:978-3-11-021468-0 3860:Vickers, Robert. 3816:978-3-486-70142-5 3803:. MacMillan, 1913 3794:978-0-521-54590-7 3784:Robinson, I. S. 3737:978-3-17-035365-7 3715:978-3-406-50958-2 3678:978-3-406-53590-1 3645:978-3-412-22450-9 3595:978-3-8324-8385-2 3571:. F.A. Brockhaus. 3568:Kaiser Lothar III 3376:978-3-451-34636-1 3349:978-0-300-22116-9 3296:978-3-8316-4261-8 3235:978-1-108-01503-5 3208:978-3-11-028929-9 3181:978-0-19-251974-0 3154:978-3-05-004829-1 3075:978-3-525-35886-3 2881:978-3-406-70656-1 2822:978-1-317-02199-5 2742:978-0-313-30733-1 2646:978-1-84383-596-7 2578:978-0-521-31922-5 2548:978-3-11-095988-8 2521:978-3-17-020183-5 2494:978-3-11-021468-0 2442:Vickers, Robert, 2363:978-3-412-20201-9 2244:978-3-486-70142-5 2170:978-0-521-54590-7 2111:Kleinhenz, p. 492 2094:978-3-17-035365-7 2087:. pp. 446–. 2085:Kohlhammer Verlag 2025:978-3-406-50958-2 1963:978-3-406-53590-1 1931:978-1-135-94880-1 1813:and the upcoming 1758:Lothair of Saxony 1511:Pope Gregory VIII 1164:Adalbert of Mainz 1116:Return to Germany 1087:Cuno of Praeneste 1021:count of Tusculum 1005:Robert I of Capua 815:diocesan chapters 711:Hermann von Baden 707:Duke Friedrich II 586:imperial insignia 578:Böckelheim Castle 380:. His mentor was 335:Pope Callixtus II 272: 271: 6149: 6142:Sons of emperors 6059: 6058: 5926:Gregorian Reform 5915:In nomine Domini 5829:Pope Gregory VII 5783: 5776: 5769: 5760: 5748: 5740: 5732: 5724: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5692: 5684: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5644: 5636: 5628: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5561:Kingdom of Italy 5551: 5543: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5499: 5485: 5477: 5463: 5436: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5380: 5372: 5364: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5239: 5231: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5141: 5133: 5112: 5104: 5096: 5088: 5080: 5072: 5064: 5056: 5038: 5026: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4978: 4898: 4457:Louis the German 4428: 4421: 4414: 4405: 4391: 4390: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4114: 4085:Emperor Henry IV 4082:Preceded by 4030:Preceded by 4020: 4013: 3995: 3991: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3897:Robinson, I. S. 3828:Struve, Tilman. 3821:Schlick, Jutta. 3698:Althoff, Gerd. 3650: 3649: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3310: 3301: 3300: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3256: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3138: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3118: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3016:. Uni Heidelberg 3015: 3006: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2962: 2949: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2920: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2898:Kurt Andermann. 2895: 2886: 2885: 2865: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2782:Ludwig Weiland. 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2762: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2709: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2603: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2562: 2553: 2552: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2478: 2472: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2423: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2397: 2388: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2347: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2293: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2269:. Uni Heidelberg 2262: 2249: 2248: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2131: 2125: 2120:Holland, A. W., 2118: 2112: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2054: 2048:Gerhard Lubich. 2045: 2030: 2029: 2009: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1986:. Uni Heidelberg 1979: 1968: 1967: 1947: 1936: 1935: 1915: 1894: 1890: 1831:Richard of Cluny 1786:ambicone cecatus 1639:Ekkehard of Aura 1527:Pope Gelasius II 1428:Ottonian dynasty 1376:Ekkehard of Aura 1374:. (Chronicle of 1354:and in 1124 the 1328:Duchy of Bavaria 1192:Historical Atlas 1176:imperial regalia 1091:Pope Calixtus II 958:Otto of Freising 865:at the synod of 789:Milan metropolis 781:Ladislaus I 777:Duchy of Bohemia 574:Ruthard of Mainz 558:Vita Heinrici IV 406:Pope Gregory VII 306:imperial princes 234: 232: 203:Speyer Cathedral 173: 170: 33: 21: 6159: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6132:Empress Matilda 6072: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6053: 6045: 6027: 5947: 5943:Walk to Canossa 5899:Excommunication 5874: 5868: 5859:Pope Paschal II 5834:Guido da Velate 5792: 5787: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5738: 5730: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5698: 5690: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5569: 5564: 5555: 5549: 5541: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5497: 5483: 5475: 5461: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5402: 5394: 5386: 5378: 5370: 5362: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5325: 5317: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5269: 5261: 5253: 5245: 5237: 5229: 5221: 5213: 5205: 5197: 5189: 5181: 5173: 5165: 5157: 5149: 5139: 5131: 5116: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5039: 5030: 5024: 5011: 5005: 4975: 4970: 4941: 4922: 4903: 4881: 4857: 4838: 4705:Frederick (III) 4536: 4527: 4495: 4486: 4482:Louis the Child 4472:Charles the Fat 4446: 4437: 4432: 4402: 4397: 4379: 4146: 4141: 4106: 4095: 4087: 4077: 4068: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4035: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4000: 3980:, ed. (1911). " 3976: 3965: 3963: 3919:Comyn, Robert. 3912:Robinson, J.H. 3853:Halm, Martina. 3836:Schutz, Herbert 3742:Holland, A. W. 3658: 3653: 3646: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3609:E. Laura Heeg. 3608: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3377: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2882: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2743: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2605: 2604: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2564: 2563: 2556: 2549: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2348: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2294:. Böhlau Verlag 2291: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2265:Jutta Schlick. 2264: 2263: 2252: 2245: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2171: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2095: 2076: 2075: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2033: 2026: 2011: 2010: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1971: 1964: 1949: 1948: 1939: 1932: 1917: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1869: 1806: 1738: 1706: 1656:) and a papal ( 1630:Worms Concordat 1625:walk to Canossa 1574:Worms Cathedral 1567: 1561: 1513:. At that time 1470: 1364: 1352:March of Istria 1274:and Gerhard as 1188:Duchy of Saxony 1172:Imperial Castle 1149: 1133:Memorialization 1118: 1112: 1099:Lateran council 1041:Carolingian era 1032:imperial abbots 982:historiographic 863:Paschal II 840: 823:Pope Paschal II 763:. An attack by 730:Henry the Black 726:Duchy of Saxony 700:Bruno von Trier 648:in the city of 623: 459: 433:Duchy of Swabia 366:Bertha of Savoy 352: 350:Imperial crisis 347: 318:Pope Paschal II 287:King of Germany 267:Bertha of Savoy 236: 233: 1110) 228: 224: 211: 206: 190: 174: 171: 92: 90:King of Germany 39: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Salian dynasty 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5985:Dominium mundi 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5888:Dictatus papae 5884: 5878: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5763: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5742: 5737:Frederick III 5734: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5638: 5630: 5622: 5614: 5606: 5598: 5590: 5582: 5573: 5571: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5545: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5501: 5487: 5479: 5465: 5450: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5430: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5357: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5143: 5135: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5090: 5082: 5074: 5066: 5058: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5008:Kings of Italy 5006: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4989: 4981: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4918:Franz Joseph I 4914: 4912: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4892: 4890: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4606:Lothair II/III 4603: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4451: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4431: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4108: 4098: 4097: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4025:Regnal titles 4022: 4021: 4004:Salian dynasty 4001: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3978:Chisholm, Hugh 3961: 3951: 3941: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3895: 3880: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3804: 3799:Bryce, James. 3797: 3782: 3779:978-3799542692 3768: 3761: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3725: 3724:(PDF). Regesta 3718: 3703: 3696: 3693:978-3799501408 3681: 3666: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3624: 3601: 3594: 3574: 3557: 3548: 3536: 3534:Vol. V, p. 604 3524: 3501: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3391: 3389:Milman, p. 318 3382: 3375: 3355: 3348: 3328: 3302: 3295: 3275: 3273:Milman, p. 307 3266: 3257: 3241: 3234: 3214: 3207: 3187: 3180: 3160: 3153: 3130: 3112:AmalieFössel. 3104: 3093:. Uni Freiburg 3081: 3074: 3054: 3049:10.1086/479958 3027: 2998: 2985: 2950: 2937: 2921: 2912: 2887: 2880: 2860: 2851: 2836:Gerd Althoff. 2828: 2821: 2801: 2774: 2748: 2741: 2721: 2695: 2683: 2674: 2652: 2645: 2625: 2593: 2584: 2577: 2554: 2547: 2527: 2520: 2500: 2493: 2473: 2467:M. Kaczmarek, 2460: 2448: 2446:, 1894, p. 137 2435: 2409: 2391:Martina Halm. 2376: 2362: 2335: 2314:Herbert Schutz 2305: 2280: 2250: 2243: 2220: 2198: 2176: 2169: 2149: 2126: 2113: 2101: 2093: 2066: 2031: 2024: 1997: 1982:Gerd Althoff. 1969: 1962: 1937: 1930: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1868: 1865: 1805: 1802: 1782:libera electio 1737: 1734: 1705: 1702: 1670:spiritualities 1563:Main article: 1560: 1557: 1543:Imperial Peace 1469: 1466: 1363: 1360: 1264:court chaplain 1232:Duke of Saxony 1221:Trifels Castle 1156:Trifels Castle 1148: 1145: 1117: 1114: 1003:of Apulia and 839: 836: 644:Atrium of the 622: 619: 458: 455: 418:excommunicated 416:. Gregory VII 412:since Emperor 359:(Schwertleite) 351: 348: 346: 343: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 254: 250: 249: 244: 238: 237: 226: 220: 219: 217: 213: 212: 201: 199: 195: 194: 187: 183: 182: 166: 162: 161: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 62: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 41: 40: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6155: 6154: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5749: 5743: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5697:Frederick II 5695: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5655: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5639: 5637: 5631: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5607: 5605: 5599: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5500: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5486: 5480: 5478: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5314: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5202: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5105: 5099: 5097: 5091: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5059: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4990: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4961:Frederick III 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947:German Empire 4944: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887:German Empire 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4789:Ferdinand III 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4769:Maximilian II 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4749:Frederick III 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4394: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4335:Ferdinand III 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4315:Maximilian II 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4295:Frederick III 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4092:King of Arles 4086: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4040:King of Italy 4034: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4005: 3996: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3973:public domain 3962: 3959: 3955: 3954:Milman, Henry 3952: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3931:J. P. Whitney 3928: 3927:Gwatkin, H.M. 3925: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3709:. C.H. Beck. 3708: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3625: 3612: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3569: 3561: 3558: 3555:Comyn, p. 184 3552: 3549: 3546:Comyn, p. 183 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3512: 3505: 3502: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3453:Comyn, p. 182 3450: 3447: 3444:Bryce, p. 164 3441: 3438: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3332: 3329: 3316: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3264:Comyn, p. 179 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3248:S. Hellmann, 3245: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3191: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3115: 3108: 3105: 3092: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3012: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2935:Comyn, p. 181 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2919:Comyn, p. 180 2916: 2913: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2874:. C.H. Beck. 2873: 2872: 2864: 2861: 2858:Bryce, p. 306 2855: 2852: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2805: 2802: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2759: 2756:Claudia Zey. 2752: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2725: 2722: 2706: 2703:Monika Pohl. 2699: 2696: 2693:Comyn, p. 177 2690: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2629: 2626: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2591:Comyn, p. 176 2588: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2504: 2501: 2496: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2420: 2413: 2410: 2394: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2268: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2153: 2150: 2137: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2051: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1959: 1956:. C.H. Beck. 1955: 1954: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1924:. Routledge. 1923: 1922: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1889: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722:Low Countries 1719: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690:royal regalia 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666:temporalities 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1492: 1488:Route of the 1486: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346:and Hermann, 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095:Reform Church 1092: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1069: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 989: 985: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 953: 951: 950: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 917: 912: 908: 903: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 852: 848: 844: 837: 835: 833: 829: 824: 819: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 792: 790: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 759:on behalf of 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 714: 712: 708: 705: 701: 696: 692: 690: 684: 679: 671: 667: 663: 658: 651: 647: 642: 635: 631: 627: 620: 618: 616: 612: 607: 605: 602:reference to 600: 594: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 499: 497: 493: 488: 485: 480: 477: 473: 463: 456: 454: 451: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 357: 349: 344: 342: 340: 336: 332: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 268: 265: 261: 258: 255: 251: 248: 245: 243: 239: 223: 218: 214: 209: 204: 200: 196: 193: 188: 184: 181: 177: 167: 163: 159: 156: 153: 149: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 128: 127:King of Italy 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 91: 87: 84: 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 64:13 April 1111 63: 61: 57: 53: 49: 46: 42: 38: 32: 27: 22: 19: 6087:1080s births 6038: 6006:Papal States 5983: 5936:Sack of Rome 5913: 5886: 5848: 5673:Frederick I 5648: 5540:Berengar II 5533: 5503: 5489: 5467: 5453: 5445:Non-dynastic 5417:Charles III 5361:Charlemagne 5353:Carolingians 5146: 5016:Non-dynastic 4794:Ferdinand IV 4784:Ferdinand II 4754:Maximilian I 4731: 4714: 4672: 4657:Henry (VIII) 4655: 4641:Frederick II 4600: 4596:Conrad (III) 4588: 4581: 4515: 4492:East Francia 4443:East Francia 4330:Ferdinand II 4300:Maximilian I 4270:Frederick II 4244: 4101: 4090: 4057: 4038: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3985: 3957: 3947: 3933: 3920: 3913: 3898: 3886:de Gruyter. 3883: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3839: 3829: 3822: 3807: 3800: 3785: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3743: 3728: 3721: 3706: 3699: 3684: 3669: 3662: 3634: 3627: 3615:. 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Regesta 1880:Footnotes 1804:Judgement 1548:court day 1311:court day 1296:Andernach 1292:Andernach 1207:, Bishop 1160:Annweiler 1128:milestone 1107:Pravilege 867:Guastalla 828:Guastalla 800:Henry III 736:, but to 590:Ingelheim 516:Merseburg 512:humilitas 504:Gregorian 429:Friedrich 402:Carinthia 151:Successor 145:Conrad II 118:Successor 79:Successor 6032:See also 5952:Concepts 5689:Otto IV 5649:Henry V 5585:Otto II 5505:Bosonids 5496:Rudolph 5482:Lambert 5393:Louis I 5377:Bernard 5332:Aistulf 5324:Ratchis 5196:Rodoald 5188:Rothari 5180:Arioald 5164:Agilulf 5156:Authari 5122:Lombards 5085:Ildibad 5077:Vitiges 5023:Odoacer 4804:Joseph I 4779:Matthias 4700:Louis IV 4690:Albert I 4680:Rudolf I 4626:Henry VI 4577:Henry IV 4562:Henry II 4557:Otto III 4506:Conrad I 4462:Carloman 4393:Category 4345:Joseph I 4325:Matthias 4280:Louis IV 4260:Henry VI 4240:Henry IV 4225:Henry II 4220:Otto III 4205:Berengar 4170:Louis II 3317:Academia 1867:See also 1750:Flanders 1726:Flanders 1714:Normandy 1539:Würzburg 1521:and the 1451:Tusculan 1414:Carniola 1410:penitent 1338:, count 1247:Frisians 968:, where 966:Lombardy 921:Lombardy 892:Piacenza 807:Conrad I 564:Henry V 474:, Count 450:Florence 356:accolade 299:Henry IV 113:Henry IV 73:Henry IV 5577:Otto I 5563:within 5433:Ratold 5425:Arnulf 5260:Alahis 5130:Alboin 5101:Totila 5093:Eraric 4716:Günther 4674:Alfonso 4668:Richard 4663:William 4636:Otto IV 4601:Henry V 4590:Hermann 4552:Otto II 4511:Henry I 4265:Otto IV 4245:Henry V 4215:Otto II 4190:Lambert 4160:Louis I 3975:: 3940:, 1926. 3909:. 1990 3894:. 2009 3744:Germany 3695:. 2004 3656:Sources 2612:Francia 2122:Germany 1855:of the 1762:Utrecht 1716:. Like 1607:on the 1424:Deditio 1419:Deditio 1389:Matilda 1256:villici 1036:regalia 997:Normans 933:Tuscany 929:Romagna 749:Bohemia 704:Staufer 689:Hoftage 687:diets ( 668:, Duke 666:Wrocław 660:At the 562:Koblenz 394:Bavaria 314:regalia 275:Henry V 242:Dynasty 235: 227: 192:Utrecht 24:Henry V 6023:Simony 6001:Papacy 5797:People 5369:Pepin 5138:Cleph 4727:Rupert 4631:Philip 4583:Rudolf 4547:Otto I 4523:Otto I 4517:Arnulf 4477:Arnulf 4210:Otto I 4195:Arnulf 4015: 3969: 3960:. 1854 3923:. 1851 3905: 3890: 3875: 3846: 3818:. 2010 3814: 3796:. 2003 3792: 3777: 3739:. 2019 3735: 3717:. 2003 3713: 3691: 3680:. 2006 3676: 3642: 3592: 3487: 3423: 3373: 3346: 3293: 3232: 3205: 3178: 3151: 3072: 2878: 2819: 2739: 2643: 2575: 2545: 2518: 2491: 2360: 2241: 2167: 2091: 2022: 1960: 1928: 1850:Breton 1844:, who 1766:Speyer 1680:. 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Knowledge (XXG)

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

Index