1163:, which became standard forms in Italy and Germany, sometimes extending under the transepts as well as the chancel. The monumental crypt of Speyer Cathedral, consecrated in 1041, is the largest Romanesque columned hall crypt in Europe, with an area of 850 m (9,149 sq ft) and a height of approx. 7 m. Forty-two groin-vaults are supported on twenty cylindrical columns with simple cushion capitals. The sandstone blocks alternate in colour between yellow and rust, a typical design of the Salian and Staufer era, and providing the context of the colour-scheme of the 19th century facade. The "architectural clarity is quite exceptional, a result of the precise execution of the base moldings and the cushion capitals, together with the emphatic system of
613:, was completed in 1106, the year of Henry's IV death. With a length of 444 Roman feet (134 metres) and a width of 111 Roman feet (43 metres) it was one of the largest buildings of its time. The building became a political issue: the enlargement of the cathedral in the small village of Speyer with only around 500 inhabitants was a blunt provocation for the papacy. The emperor not only laid claim to secular but also to ecclesiastical power, and with the magnificence and splendour of this cathedral he underlined this bold demand. The purpose of the building, already a strong motive for Conrad, was the emperor's "claim to a representative imperial Roman architecture" in light of the continuing struggle with
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606:, and on the façades of many churches in Italy (see detail in gallery below). "The cathedral re-emerged in a more sculptural style typical of the prime of the Romanesque period." "The transept, the square of the choir, the apse, the central tower and the flanking towers were combined in a manner and size surpassing anything done before. All surfaces and edges rise without stages. The major elements within the combination remain independent.... Speyer became a model for many other church buildings but was unsurpassed in its magnificence."
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598:. Such blind arcades were used extensively as decorations, lining internal and external walls of many Romanesque churches. At the east end of Speyer Cathedral the dwarf gallery and the blind arcades were composed into "one of the most memorable pieces of Romanesque design". The dwarf gallery encircles the top of the apse, underlining its rounded form, and runs all around the structure below the roofline. This feature soon became a fundamental element in Romanesque churches; it was adopted at
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1222:, named after an early Christian martyr. Henry IV had the chapel built in her honour because he was born on her commemoration day. Saint Afra's remains had been discovered in Augsburg around 1064. Henry IV was buried in the unconsecrated chapel from 1106 to 1111, when Pope Paschalis II revoked the ban, which had been in effect since 1088. During restoration works in 1971 a page of parchment was found in the chapel which is part of a
746:(Note: all eight of these rulers were kings of Germany. However, to receive the title of Holy Roman Emperor, they had to be crowned by the pope. When relations between the pope and German king were good, they were crowned "Imperator Romanum" or Holy Roman Emperor. When relations were strained, the popes refused to crown the king as emperor. So essentially these were all eight Holy Roman Emperors, but four of them were "uncrowned".)
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963:. This comprised a high vaulted nave with aisles, with a domed crossing towards at the east which terminated in an apsidal chancel. The horizontal orientation already points to the development of the Gothic architecture. The western end terminates in an elaborate structure known as a "Westwerk" including the main portal, a feature typical of many Romanesque churches. Other German Romanesque churches, such as
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1102:), is a major monument of Romanesque art in the German Empire. It is, by virtue of its proportions, the largest and the most important; by virtue of the history to which it is linked – the Salic emperors made it their place of burial." ICOMOS also cites the building as important in demonstrating the evolution in attitudes towards restoration since the 17th century, both in Germany and the world.
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windows of the nave have been preserved. Gables which had been removed from the transept and choir during the
Baroque era were replaced using etchings and examples in related buildings. Changes in the crossing were also undone, but enforcements from the Baroque were left in place for structural reasons. Also, the Baroque style curved roof on the eastern dome remained.
43:
1205:. The concept of the double chapel was well established by the end of the 11th century, dating back to the time of Charlemagne and commonly used in imperial and Episcopal chapels. Construction of the one in Speyer already started around 1050. Saint Catherine's chapel was built on occasion of the birthday of Henry III's daughter on 25 November, named after Saint
880:, created a Neo Romanesque design which drew on features of the original westwork and those of several other Romanesque buildings, scaling the windows differently and introducing a gable on the facade, a row of statues over the main portal and polychrome stonework in sandstone yellow and rust. These restorations coincided with the development of
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with a sculpture of the Mount of Olives in its centre. On the northern side was the palatial bishop's residence. Other buildings nearby, for example, were the chapter house, rectory, archives, St. Nikolaus Chapel, town fortifications etc. Most of the buildings disappeared after the French
Revolution.
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has piers of a simple form, each with a wide attached shaft, the alternate shafts carrying a stone arch of the high vault. The square bays thus formed are groin vaulted and plastered. Although most of the plasterwork of the 19th century has been removed from wall surfaces, the wide expanse of masonry
978:
that goes around the entire building, just below the roofline. The same type of gallery also adorns the eastern and western domes. The openings in the gallery match the size of the paired windows in the towers. The domes are both octagonal, the roof of the eastern one being slightly ovoid. The towers
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The restoration of the cathedral, beginning in 1957 "was directed towards both securing the structure and recreating the original atmosphere of the interior". Some of the plaster and 19th-century paintings from the walls was removed. Only the cycle of 24 scenes from the life of the Virgin between the
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The graves of the emperors and kings were originally placed in the central aisle in front of the altar. In the course of the centuries knowledge of the exact location was lost. In a big excavation campaign in 1900 the graves were discovered and opened and the identity of the rulers was established.
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have an apse at both ends. Externally, the silhouette of the building is balanced by two pairs of tall towers which frame the nave at the western end and the chancel to the east, and form a sculptural mass with the dome at each end, creating an "equilibrium between the eastern and western blocks".
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The sculpture of the Mount of Olives was destroyed in the great fire of 1689 and left in ruins after the rubble of the cloister was removed in 1820 in order to create some open space. Later it was fitted with a roof to prevent further deterioration. The sculptures were supplemented by a local
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Speyer
Cathedral has maintained the overall form and dimensions of the 11th-century structure and, despite substantial losses to the original fabric and successive restorations, presents a complete and unified Romanesque building. The design broadly follows the plan that was established at
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marauding the town. But on 31 May 1689 the soldiers broke in, pillaged the imperial graves and set everything alight. On that day almost the whole town of Speyer was burned down. In the heat of the fire the western part of the nave collapsed and the late Gothic elements were destroyed.
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The
HeidentĂĽrmchen is a remainder of the medieval town fortifications, a tower and a section of the wall, situated a little to the east of the cathedral. It once stood right by the Rhine, at the very edge of the plateau, adjoined by some marshy area which used to be called "heath".
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findings in the cathedral area. It was erected in the Neo-Classical style and turned out to be too small for the intended purpose. Later some cannons captured in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870/71 were displayed. Today it is a memorial for the fallen of the two world wars.
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chapel has been added to the northern aisle, and in a drawing of around 1650 there is another Gothic window in the northern side of the
Westwerk. In a drawing of 1750 depicting the cathedral with the destroyed middle section the latter window is absent. File:
826:(1803 to 1815) the cathedral was used as a stable and storage facility for fodder and other material. In 1806 the French had in mind to tear the building down and use it as a quarry, which was only prevented by the bishop of Mainz, Joseph Ludwig Colmar. After
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The interior decorations and the new westwork were considered a major feat in the 19th century. Ludwig I was of the opinion that nothing greater had been created than these paintings. Yet, by the start of the 20th century, the mood had changed. In 1916,
830:'s victories over the Prussian and Russian armies in the Battles of Grossgörschen and Lützen in 1813, around 4,000 wounded soldiers came to Speyer. After the battle of Leipzig there were even more and the cathedral was needed as an army hospital.
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one, with the two tall towers and the octagonal dome resembling those that were lost, thus restoring the cathedral's overall
Romanesque appearance. The roofs were lowered and covered with copper. Only the Gothic sacristy kept its slate roof.
525:). It is considered to be the most stunning outcome of early Salian architecture and the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries".
493:, were to see the cathedral completed. Conrad II died in 1039 and was buried in the cathedral while it was still under construction; Henry III was laid next to him in 1056. The graves were placed in the central aisle in front of the altar.
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Some of the contents, e. g. clothing, can be seen at the
Historical Museum of the Palatinate near the cathedral. The restored coffins were relocated into a newly constructed crypt open to the public under the main altar in 1906.
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are surmounted by "Rhenish helm" spires. The nave, towers and domes are all roofed with copper, which has weathered to pale green, in contrast to the pinkish red of the building stone, and the polychrome of the
Westwerk.
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windows possible without weakening the structure. "The result is an interior of monumental power, albeit stark and prismatic when compared with contemporary French buildings, but one which conveys an impression of Roman
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532:, conducted an ambitious reconstruction in order to enlarge the cathedral. He had the eastern sections demolished and the foundations reinforced to a depth of up to eight metres. Only the lower floors and the crypt of
1519:(lit.: 'cathedral bowl') It formerly marked the boundary between the episcopal and municipal territories. Each new bishop on his election had to fill the bowl with wine, while the burghers emptied it to his health.
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was round inside but rectangular on the outside. The nave was covered with a flat wooden ceiling but the aisles were vaulted, making the cathedral the second largest vaulted building north of the Alps (after
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which was also supposed to be his last resting place. Construction began in 1030 on the site of a former basilica which stood on an elevated plateau right by the Rhine but safe from high water. Along with
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765:(Palatinate War of Succession 1688–97), the people of Speyer brought furniture and possessions into the cathedral, stacking everything several metres high hoping to save them from the French troops of
1213:. In 1961 the chapel was restored to its original state as a double chapel. The two chapels on top of each other are connected through an opening in the centre. Today, Saint Emmeram is a baptistery.
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Radding, Charles M. and Clark, William W.: Medieval
Architecture, Medieval Learning: Builders and Masters in the Age of Romanesque and Gothic, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992,
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church and building. It is considered to be "a turning point in
European architecture", one of the most important architectural monuments of its time and one of the finest Romanesque monuments.
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of square bays, one of the outstanding achievements of Romanesque architecture. Each vault extends over two bays of elevation. Every second pier was enlarged by adding a broad pilaster or
1249:, and Saint Mary. Saint Mary's chapel had been added on the northern side of the cathedral by Bishop Matthias von Rammung in 1475. Their ruins were already removed in the 18th century.
567:. The "double-bay system" of Speyer functioning as a support for the stone vaults was copied in many monuments along the Rhine. The addition of groin vaults made the incorporation of
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is the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries". As the burial site for
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For almost a century only the eastern part of the cathedral was secured and used for services. Under the direction of Franz Ignaz M. Neumann, the son of renowned Baroque architect
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1277:. The four largest bells also serve as clock bells; bells 4 and 3 chime alternately every quarter hour while bells strike 2 and 1 in succession each the number of a full hour.
849:, Johann von Schraudolph and Joseph Schwarzmann decorated the interior walls of the cathedral with Nazarene style frescoes (1846–1853). 1854 to 1858, Ludwig's successor, King
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1269:). They are all contained in the cathedral belfry, located in the western dome. In Germany, the bells are always numbered from largest to smallest, Bell 1 is always the
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The majority of its features are still the same exterior but the interior has undergone many renovations supporting the foundation but changing the interior greatly.
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of culturally important sites. The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) justified the inclusion: "The cathedral of Speyer, with those of
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The exterior appearance of the cathedral is unified by the regularity of the size of its openings. Speyer has the earliest example in Germany of a
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343:. The cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Mary, patron saint of Speyer ("Patrona Spirensis") and St. Stephen is generally known as the
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The last ruler was put to rest in the cathedral in 1308, completing a list of eight emperors and kings and a number of their wives:
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in place of the cathedral. Because of the hostility of the people of Speyer towards the bishop it was decided to build a palace in
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In 1792 Speyer was again occupied, this time by French revolutionary troops, and once more the cathedral was pillaged. During the
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quoting Horn, W: On the Origins of the Mediaeval Bay System, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 17 (1958): 2–23.
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Thieme/Sommer/Wolfe: "Das groĂźe Buch der Stile", Band 5, "Die Romanik", Reinhard Welz, Vermittler Verlag e.K. Mannheim, 2005,
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The cathedral has recently undergone fundamental restorations, which cost around 26 million Euros. In addition the frescos by
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style on its remaining lower section. The funds were not sufficient to rebuild the whole cathedral in the style of the time.
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In addition to these rulers the cathedral is the resting place of several of the ruler's wives and many of Speyer's bishops.
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Schlickel, Ferdinand, Speyer. Von den Saliern bis heute, 1000 Jahre Stadtgeschichte, 2000, Hermann Klein Verlg, Speyer,
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544:, which formed a system of interior buttressing. Engaged shafts had appeared around 1030 in buildings along the Loire (
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On 24 September 1861, the then Prince of Wales of United Kingdom, Prince Albert Edward, who would later become
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The cathedral's peal is composed of nine bells of which the larger four were cast in 1822 by Peter Lindemann (
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1002:, which were removed in the 1950s, were restored and are now displayed in the "Kaisersaal" of the cathedral.
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Over the centuries, crypts developed from tiny chambers into large semi-subterranean and very articulated
106:
594:, an arcaded gallery recessed into the thickness of the walls, and which is a natural development of the
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of Speyer lost their residence and a plan was considered to build a new one in the style of a Baroque
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remained intact. The nave was elevated by five metres and the flat wooden ceiling was replaced with a
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999,
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Originally, the cathedral was surrounded by numerous buildings. To the south it was adjoined by a
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576:, an impression singularly appropriate for a ruler with the political pretensions of Henry IV."
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In the following centuries the cathedral remained relatively unchanged. In a drawing of 1610 a
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Internally, the nave is of two open stages with simple semi-circular Romanesque openings. The
889:
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803:, the building was restored from 1748 to 1772. The Romanesque nave was reconstructed, but the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Nearly completed, the cathedral was consecrated in 1061. This phase of construction, called
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sculptor, Gottfried Renn. Inside the mount is a chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael.
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Total length: 134 m (from the steps at the entrance to the exterior wall of the east apse)
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Double chapel of Saint Emmeram and Saint Catherine, upper level with opening to the bottom
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Total length: 134 m (from the steps at the entrance to the exterior wall of the east apse)
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and German nationalism, during which many buildings were restored in the Romanesque and
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Cole, Emily, General Editor, Bulfinch Press, Little, Brown and Co., 2002, Boston, USA,
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External width of the nave (with aisles): 37.62 m (from exterior wall to exterior wall)
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External width of the nave (with aisles): 37.62 m (from exterior wall to exterior wall)
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emperors and kings the cathedral is regarded as a symbol of imperial power. With the
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In the course of these modifications the cathedral was equipped with an external
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In designing the façade of the westwork, Heinrich Hübsch, an architect of early
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Initially there were five other chapels on the northern side of the cathedral:
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Crypt Length: east-west 35 m; north-south 46 m Height: between 6.2 m and 6.5 m
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Crypt Length: east-west 35 m; north-south 46 m Height: between 6.2 m and 6.5 m
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2931:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 693–694.
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Postal stamp of 1961 commemorating the 900th anniversary of Speyer Cathedral
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Although repeatedly occupied and ransacked, town and cathedral survived the
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ordered the construction of the Christian Western world's largest church in
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of culturally important sites as "a major monument of Romanesque art in the
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2495:, Benedikt Taschen Verlag Berlin/Editions Office Du Livre, Lausanne, p. 129
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In the square at the western end of the cathedral is a large bowl known as
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in Hildesheim and set the standard that was to be generally adopted in the
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2554:"Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer – Zahlen, Namen, Fakten für besonders Eilige"
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2398:, Vol. 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1979, special German edition 1988
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Plan in the 19th century revealing the "double-bay" system of vaulting
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892:. Speyer Cathedral was elevated to the level of a national monument.
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473:(begun 1093), it was the most ambitious project of the time. The red
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was revoked and his body was put to rest in his cathedral in 1111.
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The only other contemporary example of such a bay system is in the
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the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen
29:
The Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen
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raised Speyer Cathedral to the rank of a minor basilica of the
122:
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WĂĽrzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square
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1536:
The Hall was built to the north of the cathedral to house the
780:(Vienna Sketch, 1610) showing Gothic addition to northern side
1508:
The outline of the former cloister can be seen as pavement.
2373:
International Council on Monuments and Sites (April 1981).
869:, first met his Danish born wife, Princess Alexandra later
2960:
Rhineland-Palatinate website for Speyer Cathedral (German)
2662:
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621:. It was only five years after his death that Henry IV's
617:. Thus, Speyer Cathedral is also seen as a symbol of the
2348:. Information from home page. Retrieved 5 December 2006.
481:
and is thought to have been shipped down the channelled
3795:
11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany
1658:
List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches
1216:
On the northern side of the cathedral is the chapel of
947:
The eastern apsidal end, showing the encircling gallery
3259:
Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg
2415:, Vol. 2, 1981, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich,
1226:
written around 500. Today, the Saint Afra Chapel is a
2668:"Dombauverein Speyer e.V. – Dombauverein Speyer e.V."
1683:
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
2537:"Romanesque Architecture And Art | Encyclopedia.com"
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Height of the nave at the vertex of the vaults: 33 m
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Height of the nave at the vertex of the vaults: 33 m
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contains a series of colourful murals depicting the
583:
Architectural details of the nave, and paintings by
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3277:
3202:
3085:
3008:
Scan of the chapter on early christianity in Speyer
2694:"Romanesque Art and Architecture – ninemsn Encarta"
2523:"Romanesque architecture and art | Infoplease"
818:
Speyer before 1750, revealing damage caused in 1689
294:
284:
274:
262:
254:
246:
237:
221:
216:
204:
199:
187:
179:
171:
166:
156:
146:
138:
133:
117:
105:
97:
87:
23:
3214:Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
3765:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Rhineland-Palatinate
3073:For official site names, see each article or the
1545:Features of Speyer Cathedral and its surroundings
1087:In April 1981, Speyer Cathedral was added to the
3363:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen
2548:
2546:
1616:German Postage Stamps featuring Speyer cathedral
477:for the building came from the mountains of the
3294:Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at BrĂĽhl
485:, a stream running from the mountains into the
2953:– full of pictures and up-to-date information
862:was organist at the church from 1839 to 1843.
664:The new westwork by Heinrich Hübsch, 1854–1858
3740:1060s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3028:
2311:
1186:On the southern side of the cathedral is the
331:, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic
8:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2375:Advisory Body Evaluation of Speyer Cathedral
694:(died 1106), son of Henry III, and his wife
761:(1618–1648) with little damage. During the
3450:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
3035:
3021:
3013:
2946:Speyer Cathedral / UNESCO Official Website
2318:
2304:
1697:
652:View showing the original westwork in 1606
489:at Speyer. Neither Conrad II, nor his son
41:
20:
3403:Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
1006:Stages of construction and reconstruction
853:, had the Baroque westwork replaced by a
3412:Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
1279:
721:(died 1208), son of Frederick Barbarossa
528:Around 1090, Conrad's grandson, Emperor
516:was flanked by two towers. The original
393:In 1981, the cathedral was added to the
3309:Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
3154:Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin
3076:List of World Heritage Sites in Germany
2331:
1718:
1619:
1543:
1261:) and the five smaller ones in 1963 by
1147:Layout of the crypt of Speyer Cathedral
1004:
742:(died 1308), son of Rudolph of Habsburg
3440:Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
3388:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier
2983:– description and tourism information
2967:– Cathedral Building Association site
386:in ruins, it is the largest remaining
3750:Burial sites of the House of Habsburg
1483:Height of the western spires: 65.60 m
1480:Height of the eastern spires: 71.20 m
1126:Height of the western spires: 65.60 m
1123:Height of the eastern spires: 71.20 m
341:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg
293:
283:
273:
261:
253:
245:
236:
7:
3144:Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin
2377:. UNESCO World Heritage Convention.
2142:Approved, with widespread liturgical
1311:Maximilianus Josephus (Emperor Bell)
325:Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer
35:Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer
3420:Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes
3234:Erzgebirge/Krušnohořà Mining Region
2447:"Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer – Bauwerk"
2144:veneration endorsed by the Holy See
3790:Burial sites of the Salian dynasty
3760:Romanesque architecture in Germany
3167:Upper Harz Water Management System
2487:Oursel, Raymond, Stierlin, Henri:
14:
2829:"Kaiser- und Mariendom zu Speyer"
508:with two aisles and an adjoining
3393:Augsburg Water Management System
3383:Abbey and AltenmĂĽnster of Lorsch
3102:Berlin Modernism Housing Estates
3061:
3043:
2905:
2287:
1978:
1977:
1731:
1701:
1634:
1622:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1561:
1549:
1474:Internal width of the nave: 14 m
1117:Internal width of the nave: 14 m
1070:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
940:
928:
657:
645:
438:
426:
347:(Imperial Cathedral of Speyer).
3780:World Heritage Sites in Germany
3249:Muskauer Park / Park MuĹĽakowski
1532:Hall of Antiques (Antikenhalle)
899:Speyer Cathedral from the south
2058:Congregation of Marian Fathers
1806:Consecrations and entrustments
1653:Roman Catholic Marian churches
1556:Polychrome arches in the crypt
688:(died 1056), son of Conrad II.
1:
3800:Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
3416:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
3127:Archaeological Border Complex
1748:
1688:List of cathedrals in Germany
1328:Friderica Wilhelmina Carolina
1155:The crypt of Speyer Cathedral
704:(died 1125), son of Henry IV.
469:(Cluny III, begun 1085), and
3770:Basilica churches in Germany
3435:Monastic Island of Reichenau
2339:speyer.de | Speyer Cathedral
2068:Marianists (Society of Mary)
1523:HeidentĂĽrmchen (Heath Tower)
710:(died 1184), second wife of
3775:Church buildings with domes
3425:Maulbronn Monastery Complex
3219:Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm
2600:Welterbestätten Deutschland
1263:Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling
987:between the arcade and the
321:Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae
3816:
3745:Churches completed in 1061
2396:Geschichte der Architektur
2121:Queen of Angels Foundation
2111:Marian Movement of Priests
2093:World Apostolate of Fátima
2063:Company of Mary (Montfort)
298:0.558 ha (1.38 acres)
240:UNESCO World Heritage Site
183:UNESCO World Heritage Site
3493:
3445:Pilgrimage Church of Wies
3353:Great Spa Towns of Europe
3319:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
3111:Roland on the Marketplace
3070:
2990:Kaiserdom Speyer Virtuell
1869:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
1744:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
873:at the Speyer Cathedral.
678:(died 1039) and his wife
306:
302:
233:
53:
49:
40:
33:
28:
18:Church in Speyer, Germany
3149:Hanseatic City of LĂĽbeck
2578:Dethard von Winterfeld.
2116:Fatima Family Apostolate
2106:Our Lady's Rosary Makers
2023:Seven Joys of the Virgin
1854:Our Lady of Mount Carmel
1849:Our Lady of Good Counsel
845:. At the behest of King
714:and their daughter Agnes
609:The expanded cathedral,
408:History and architecture
289:Europe and North America
34:
3408:Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt
3163:Historic Town of Goslar
3116:Fagus Factory in Alfeld
3097:ADGB Trade Union School
2992:– 360° panorama images
2928:Encyclopædia Britannica
2582:. Stuttgart 2001, p. 66
2381:30 October 2020 at the
2158:Three Secrets of Fátima
2046:Movements and societies
1207:Catherine of Alexandria
837:(1815), Speyer and the
619:Investiture Controversy
3574:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3475:Messel Pit Fossil Site
3430:Margravial Opera House
3328:Cathedral of St. Peter
2413:dtv-Atlas zur Baukunst
2294:Catholicism portal
1500:
1362:Matthaeus de Chandelle
1183:
1156:
1148:
900:
819:
784:In the great fire the
781:
587:
546:Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire
463:Santiago de Compostela
3480:Ancient Beech Forests
3299:Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe
2979:21 April 2019 at the
2274:Immaculate Conception
2210:Key Marian feast days
2028:Seven Sorrows of Mary
1961:Mary, Mother of Grace
1739:Immaculate Conception
1663:List of tallest domes
1498:
1211:Fourteen Holy Helpers
1181:
1154:
1146:
898:
817:
776:
582:
561:Church of Sant Vicenç
445:Interior looking east
353:Roman Catholic Church
3358:Völklingen Ironworks
3314:Lower Germanic Limes
3238:Luther Memorials in
3188:Historic Centres of
3159:Mines of Rammelsberg
3135:St. Michael's Church
3131:St. Mary's Cathedral
3051:World Heritage Sites
2858:13 June 2006 at the
2674:on 27 September 2007
2489:Architektur der Welt
2344:13 June 2006 at the
2101:Mariological Society
2083:Schoenstatt Movement
2053:Sodality of Our Lady
2008:Consecration to Mary
1997:Devotional practices
1844:Mother of the Church
1791:Devotional practices
1629:Postal stamp of 1924
957:St. Michael's Church
712:Frederick Barbarossa
639:View from south west
358:Begun in 1030 under
228:Karl-Heinz Wiesemann
180:Heritage designation
3785:Imperial cathedrals
3225:Dresden Elbe Valley
3176:Kontorhaus District
2965:Dombauverein Speyer
2700:on 7 September 2008
2560:on 10 December 2015
1971:Sub tuum praesidium
1892:(Refuge of Sinners)
1890:Refugium Peccatorum
1864:Our Lady of Victory
1859:Our Lady of Sorrows
1569:The Mount of Olives
1430:Saint Pirmin's Bell
1396:Saint Joseph's Bell
1190:(Doppelkapelle) of
1092:World Heritage List
1083:World Heritage Site
847:Ludwig I of Bavaria
833:As a result of the
740:Albert I of Germany
726:Rudolph of Habsburg
398:World Heritage List
345:Kaiserdom zu Speyer
68: /
3755:Churches in Speyer
3332:Church of Our Lady
3254:Naumburg Cathedral
3229:(delisted in 2009)
2596:"Speyer Cathedral"
2433:"Speyer Cathedral"
2003:Acts of Reparation
1501:
1184:
1169:(see detail below)
1157:
1149:
1000:Johann Schraudolph
993:Life of the Virgin
901:
835:Congress of Vienna
820:
782:
588:
585:Johann Schraudolph
275:Reference no.
72:49.3172°N 8.4424°E
3727:
3726:
3349:, Worms and Mainz
3304:Cologne Cathedral
2726:, p. 139, 192–193
2453:on 2 January 2016
2328:
2327:
2147:
1951:Immaculata prayer
1946:Hail Mary of Gold
1668:Bamberg Cathedral
1460:
1459:
1413:Saint Anne's Bell
1379:Saint Mary's Bell
1345:Ludovicus Carolus
1170:
1165:transverse arches
920:Present condition
890:Holy Roman Empire
860:Eduard Rottmanner
801:Balthasar Neumann
759:Thirty Years' War
719:Philipp of Swabia
420:Plan and interior
310:
309:
211:Diocese of Speyer
172:Functional status
3807:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3667:
3661:
3657:Shared with the
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3513:Shared with the
3509:
3501:
3497:Shared with the
3467:
3375:
3341:Speyer Cathedral
3289:Aachen Cathedral
3281:
3269:Classical Weimar
3206:
3107:Bremen Town Hall
3089:
3077:
3065:
3058:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
2995:
2986:
2970:
2956:
2933:
2932:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2868:
2862:
2853:Speyer Cathedral
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2825:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2767:
2761:
2750:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2696:. Archived from
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:on 8 August 2007
2606:. Archived from
2592:
2583:
2580:Romanik am Rhein
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2556:. Archived from
2550:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2449:. Archived from
2443:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2410:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2371:
2352:
2351:
2336:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2292:
2291:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2185:Miraculous Medal
2140:
2033:Three Hail Marys
1981:
1980:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1735:
1705:
1698:
1638:
1626:
1607:
1593:
1579:
1565:
1553:
1303:
1296:
1280:
1168:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
944:
935:Speyer Cathedral
932:
778:Wiener Zeichnung
733:Adolph of Nassau
661:
649:
615:Pope Gregory VII
523:Aachen Cathedral
500:, consists of a
471:Durham Cathedral
442:
430:
333:Bishop of Speyer
313:Speyer Cathedral
129:
126:
124:
83:
82:
80:
79:
78:
73:
69:
66:
65:
64:
61:
45:
24:Speyer Cathedral
21:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3610:North Macedonia
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3489:
3465:
3459:
3398:Town of Bamberg
3373:
3367:
3345:ShUM cities of
3324:Roman Monuments
3279:
3273:
3264:Wartburg Castle
3204:
3198:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3066:
3056:
3050:
3041:
2993:
2984:
2981:Wayback Machine
2968:
2954:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2921:, ed. (1911). "
2917:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2886:
2882:
2869:
2865:
2860:Wayback Machine
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2751:
2747:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2486:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2383:Wayback Machine
2372:
2355:
2349:
2346:Wayback Machine
2337:
2333:
2324:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2143:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2078:Marist Brothers
2048:
2038:
2037:
2013:First Saturdays
1998:
1990:
1989:
1921:
1907:
1906:
1902:Virgin of Mercy
1897:Untier of Knots
1884:Queen of Poland
1874:Queen of Heaven
1834:(Mother of God)
1826:
1816:
1815:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1725:Catholic Church
1722:
1696:
1678:Mainz Cathedral
1673:Worms Cathedral
1649:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1557:
1554:
1534:
1525:
1493:
1465:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1255:
1203:Saint Catherine
1176:
1141:
1136:
1108:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1015:
965:Worms Cathedral
952:
951:
950:
949:
948:
945:
937:
936:
933:
922:
871:Queen Alexandra
867:King Edward VII
824:Napoleonic Wars
807:rebuilt in the
763:Nine Years' War
755:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
662:
654:
653:
650:
641:
640:
623:excommunication
604:Mainz Cathedral
600:Worms Cathedral
479:Palatine Forest
450:
449:
448:
447:
446:
443:
435:
434:
431:
422:
421:
415:
410:
242:
121:
77:49.3172; 8.4424
76:
74:
70:
67:
62:
59:
57:
55:
54:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3683:
3669:
3655:
3592:Czech Republic
3551:
3519:
3516:United Kingdom
3511:
3503:
3500:Czech Republic
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3338:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3169:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2996:
2987:
2971:
2962:
2957:
2948:
2941:
2940:External links
2938:
2935:
2934:
2919:Chisholm, Hugh
2897:
2880:
2863:
2845:
2813:
2796:
2779:
2762:
2745:
2728:
2711:
2685:
2670:Archived from
2654:
2638:
2621:
2584:
2571:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2497:
2480:
2464:
2438:
2424:
2400:
2387:
2353:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2260:(12 September)
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2088:Legion of Mary
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:Marist Fathers
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Fátima prayers
1928:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1879:Queen of Peace
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1824:Titles of Mary
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1595:
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3671:Shared with
3553:Shared with
3521:Shared with
3505:Shared with
3340:
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3223:
3072:
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3048:
2985:(in English)
2969:(in English)
2955:(in English)
2926:
2900:
2883:
2878:, p. 151-152
2866:
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2832:
2799:
2794:, p. 197-198
2782:
2765:
2748:
2731:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:the original
2688:
2676:. Retrieved
2672:the original
2641:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:the original
2599:
2579:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:the original
2531:
2517:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2441:
2427:
2412:
2395:
2394:Máté Major:
2390:
2350:(in English)
2334:
2276:(8 December)
2266:Presentation
2234:Annunciation
2228:(2 February)
1984:Marian hymns
1983:
1936:Flos Carmeli
1889:
1831:
1737:
1597:Antikenhalle
1596:
1582:
1568:
1535:
1526:
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1491:Surroundings
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451:
392:
357:
349:Pope Pius XI
344:
324:
320:
319:, in Latin:
316:
312:
311:
167:Architecture
107:Denomination
15:
3660:Netherlands
3646:Switzerland
3548:Switzerland
2994:(in German)
2244:(15 August)
2220:(1 January)
2134:Apparitions
2096:(Blue Army)
1752: 1675
1259:ZweibrĂĽcken
1247:Saint Henry
1239:Saint Agnes
1161:hall crypts
906:Georg Dehio
882:Romanticism
878:Historicism
735:(died 1298)
728:(died 1291)
698:(died 1087)
682:(died 1043)
538:groin vault
467:Cluny Abbey
413:Middle Ages
158:Consecrated
75: /
3734:Categories
3485:Wadden Sea
3244:Wittenberg
3139:Hildesheim
2895:, p. 74-75
2838:7 November
2614:5 December
2491:, Vol. 4:
2242:Assumption
2236:(25 March)
2190:Walsingham
2175:La Salette
1956:Magnificat
1811:Veneration
1694:References
1463:Dimensions
1267:Heidelberg
1235:Saint Paul
1228:tabernacle
1219:Saint Afra
1106:Dimensions
989:clerestory
973:colonnaded
841:passed to
839:Palatinate
753:Modern era
708:Beatrice I
569:clerestory
483:Speyerbach
388:Romanesque
266:1981 (5th
263:Designated
194:Romanesque
147:Founder(s)
60:49°19′02″N
3190:Stralsund
3180:Chilehaus
3125:Danevirke
2974:Speyer.de
2258:Holy Name
2226:Candlemas
2165:Guadalupe
1941:Hail Mary
1839:Mediatrix
1832:Theotokos
1801:Societies
1776:Antiphons
1720:Mariology
961:Rhineland
767:Louis XIV
686:Henry III
676:Conrad II
611:Speyer II
491:Henry III
475:sandstone
454:Conrad II
452:In 1025,
368:sandstone
360:Conrad II
355:in 1925.
337:suffragan
323:(German:
223:Bishop(s)
175:Cathedral
151:Conrad II
63:8°26′33″E
3680:Slovakia
3634:Slovenia
3628:Slovakia
3580:Bulgaria
3542:Slovenia
3374:Southern
3240:Eisleben
3123:and the
3088:Northern
2977:Archived
2856:Archived
2777:, p. 139
2760:, p. 211
2379:Archived
2342:Archived
2250:Nativity
1966:Memorare
1764:Overview
1712:a series
1710:Part of
1647:See also
1505:cloister
1292:Diameter
1134:Features
828:Napoleon
805:westwork
794:Bruchsal
692:Henry IV
574:gravitas
542:dosseret
534:Speyer I
530:Henry IV
510:transept
502:Westwerk
498:Speyer I
380:Habsburg
364:basilica
295:Property
255:Criteria
250:Cultural
88:Location
3706:Czechia
3700:Belgium
3694:Austria
3674:Austria
3666:Denmark
3652:Ukraine
3622:Romania
3586:Croatia
3568:Belgium
3562:Austria
3556:Albania
3524:Austria
3466:Natural
3280:Western
3205:Central
3184:Hamburg
3057:Germany
2916::
2833:Go:Ruma
2811:, p. 55
2636:, p.217
2564:1 March
2493:Romanik
2457:3 March
2180:Lourdes
1926:Angelus
1915:Prayers
1771:Prayers
1723:of the
1583:Domnapf
1517:Domnapf
1289:Nominal
1275:bourdon
1197:(Saint
1194:Emmeram
1174:Chapels
843:Bavaria
809:Baroque
790:château
702:Henry V
550:Auxerre
376:Staufer
366:of red
339:to the
335:and is
268:session
206:Diocese
139:Founded
134:History
118:Website
101:Germany
98:Country
3688:France
3616:Poland
3598:France
3530:France
3508:Poland
3347:Speyer
3194:Wismar
3121:Hedeby
3002:
2923:Spires
2910:
2891:
2874:
2807:
2790:
2773:
2756:
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2704:4 July
2649:
2632:
2604:UNESCO
2508:
2475:
2419:
2153:Fátima
2018:Rosary
1796:Saints
1781:Titles
1714:on the
1299:Weight
1201:) and
1199:Martin
1192:Saint
1089:UNESCO
984:arcade
886:Gothic
696:Bertha
680:Gisela
630:Gothic
554:Loches
512:. The
458:Speyer
395:UNESCO
372:Salian
329:Speyer
285:Region
217:Clergy
92:Speyer
3712:Italy
3640:Spain
3604:Italy
3536:Italy
3336:Trier
3178:with
2678:8 May
2170:Knock
1919:hymns
1538:Roman
1456:66.7
1422:83.3
1405:90.3
1388:95.5
1271:tenor
1253:Bells
1139:Crypt
1100:Mainz
1096:Worms
738:King
731:King
724:King
717:King
514:choir
487:Rhine
327:) in
189:Style
3677:and
3663:and
3649:and
3545:and
3330:and
3242:and
3192:and
3174:and
3165:and
3133:and
3109:and
3000:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2840:2013
2805:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2706:2014
2680:2006
2647:ISBN
2630:ISBN
2616:2006
2566:2009
2506:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2459:2009
2417:ISBN
1917:and
1447:Otto
1371:115
1354:147
1351:1650
1337:175
1334:2600
1320:208
1317:5350
1302:(kg)
1295:(mm)
1286:Name
1077:1858
1065:1778
1053:1756
1041:1689
1029:1106
1017:1061
602:and
518:apse
506:nave
504:, a
378:and
247:Type
162:1061
142:1030
3334:in
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3054:in
2925:".
1742:by
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1436:312
1419:440
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1283:No.
1273:or
563:in
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279:168
127:.de
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