349:
In 871, a Saxon vassal of Henry's was blinded on the orders of Louis the German, which prompted Louis the
Younger and Charles to temporarily cut off relations with their father in solidarity with Henry. Nothing is known of Henry's reaction to this incident. It has been suggested that Louis the German
626:) of the Saxons, Franks and Frisians, which may mean that he ruled over them simultaneously or in succession. Rule over Frisia may have indicated in fact a march in western Saxony bordering Frisia. Jackman favours three successive marcher commands for Duke Henry, while Matthias Becher suggests that
506:
As a result, in 886 Henry led the first army to relieve the siege. it was in the field from 9 February until 1 May, but its only actions were skirmishes with
Vikings who occasionally strayed too far from their fortifications. By July, Charles himself was leading a huge army towards Paris. Henry was
393:
Louis the
Younger died in January 882 and was succeeded by Charles the Fat, who thus reunited the East Frankish kingdom of Louis the German. Under Charles, Henry's career is a succession of battles with Viking raiders. Charles almost immediately sent Henry with an army to
539:
directly, he did not in fact do so. Rather, the sudden deaths of Hugh and Henry followed by that of the
Emperor Charles less than two years later left a vacuum in the West that Odo was able to take advantage of to have himself elected king in 888.
555:
epitaph for Henry was added by an eleventh-century hand to a copy of Regino's chronicle. A marginal note beside Regino's account of Henry's death directs the reader to the epitaph, which appears at the end of the manuscript.
433:
In 884, Henry won two more victories over the
Vikings, slaughtering them "wherever they wanted to go to plunder", according to the annalist of Fulda. Some Vikings who had been harrying West Francia then overwintered in the
442:
surprised them in their camp. The survivors fled by night, leaving their plunder behind. Henry and
Liutbert are the most prominent men (after the Carolingian kings) in the latter part of the Mainz recension of the
417:
Having received oaths from the Viking leaders, the siege of Asselt was considered a success and the
Frankish army withdrew. After his Christmas court in 882, the king sent Henry against some Vikings who had raided
217:(Hedwig, Hadewig), was Adalbert's sister and Duke Henry's daughter. This suggestion has been widely accepted, not least because it explains the adoption of the name Henry by Henry I's family, the
638:(people-ruler) and indicates that Henry acquired multiple marches simultaneously. There is no question that Henry in the reign of Charles the Fat was second only to the king in power.
357:
In 876, Louis the German died and his sons became kings in full in their respective sub-kingdoms. Henry remained in the service of Louis the
Younger. In 880, he was sent with Count
535:
The deaths of Hugh and Henry in August placed Count Odo in a preeminent position in West
Francia. While writers looking back tended to see him as succeeding his brother
426:, Henry "settled matters as well as he could, and returned." In late 883, Henry marched against the Vikings again, inflicting severe losses on them. According to the
576:), a title the annalist prefers for him until the end of his life, even after he had attained higher rank. By contrast, Regino of PrĂĽm, usually calls Henry a
1338:
260:
from 976 until 1246, is generally regarded as descending from the
Popponids, possibly through an unnamed daughter of Henry. The names of the children—
221:. In this case, it is through Duke Henry that the name ultimately entered the East Frankish (German) and West Frankish (French) royal families, the
833:
940:(Paris: 1992), pp. 15–26, at 20–21: "dans tous les royaumes proprement francs, Charles avait donné tous les pouvoirs à son général en chef Henri".
548:
61:) peaked in Francia. The sources describe at least eight separate campaigns waged by Henry against the Vikings, most of them successful.
547:
appear to assign blame for Henry's death when recording that he was "abandoned by his men". Regino records that Henry was buried in the
1308:
1286:
326:, in 866. Louis was joined in his revolt by his younger brother, Charles the Fat. The brothers may have been upset by the grant of
447:. This is probably because its author was a partisan of Louis the Younger, as Henry and Liutbert had been Louis's chief advisors.
473:
439:
277:
1229:
1152:
273:
261:
484:
373:, Henry won a "bloody victory". The victorious army then joined the rest of Louis the Younger's forces and marched on
269:
584:), a title implying military command and the control of territory much larger than a county. Under the year 885, the
488:
607:
goes further, saying that "in all the Frankish kingdoms properly so-called," that is, in Austrasia, Neustria and
515:
and he was cut off from his men and killed on 28 August. The same basic account of Henry's death is found in the
242:
265:
145:
477:
451:
350:
took advantage of his sons' insubordination to remove Henry from power in Saxony and replace him with Duke
230:
140:) because the name Poppo was particularly common among them. It is speculated that he was a son of Count
1296:
933:
604:
464:
351:
196:
190:
1299:(2000). "Poppa de Bayeux et sa famille". In Settipani, Christian; Keats-Rohan, Katharine S. B. (eds.).
964:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire
366:
335:
1256:
Rex, Dux und Gens: Untersuchungen zur Entstehung des sächischen Herzogtums im 9. und 10. Jahrhundert
1328:
1274:
896:
403:
382:
331:
1333:
603:). This has been interpreted as "a generalised military responsibility which included Neustria".
454:, one of the Viking leaders at Asselt who had sworn oaths to Charles, taken baptism and received
343:
253:
210:
206:
178:
Henry had three sons, and probably at least one daughter. His sons all died during the so-called
164:
160:
34:
112:, perhaps indicating that his military command covered most of the north of the empire from the
1304:
1282:
814:
536:
520:
469:
362:
246:
141:
38:
144:, or perhaps of Poppo's son, Christian I of Grapfeld, and his wife, Heilwig. His brother was
1155:, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (Hanover, 1909), s.a. 885.
819:
512:
378:
358:
327:
323:
257:
234:
1232:, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi (Hanover, 1890), p. 126.
395:
339:
334:, as a sub-kingdom in 864. During the short revolt, Louis sent Henry on a mission to Duke
314:
42:
622:
after the latter's death on 12 May 886. According to Henry's epitaph, he was "triarch" (
867:
619:
615:
599:
describe Henry in 886 as "the margrave of the Franks, who held Neustria at that time" (
503:
of Melun to East Francia with specific instructions to ask Henry to come with an army.
462:. Henry tricked him into a meeting and killed him with his followers. According to the
238:
179:
874:, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II (Manchester University Press, 1992), p. 55, n. 4.
1322:
1223:
492:
1213:(Selbstverlag der Gesellschaft fĂĽr Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte, 1977), p. 22.
369:, Louis's second cousin who had been excluded from the succession. According to the
289:
113:
50:
46:
472:, defected and plotted Godfrid's downfall with Henry. Henry then captured Hugh at
430:, "it is said that not one escaped". Henry, however, was wounded in the fighting.
17:
33:(died 28 August 886) was the leading military commander of the last years of the
618:
sees Henry's final command as restricted to Neustria proper, where he succeeded
459:
218:
476:
and handed him over to the emperor, who had him blinded and imprisoned in the
301:
183:
73:
354:(brother of the aforementioned Otto, who probably married Henry's daughter).
608:
411:
226:
222:
149:
133:
109:
511:. It was during this expedition that Henry's horse fell into a trap near
500:
499:, after the Vikings destroyed one of Paris's towers, Joscelin sent Count
419:
374:
322:) of Louis the Younger when the latter rebelled against his father, King
153:
105:
85:
691:
690:: "whose epitaph you will find at the end of the book beside this sign
552:
435:
101:
54:
53:
in 884 he was increasingly active there. During his time, raids by the
100:). The territory he governed is described variously in the sources as
455:
407:
297:
214:
121:
117:
69:
65:
507:
again sent off with an advance guard while the emperor was still at
1225:
Reginonis abbatis Prumiensis Chronicon cum continuatione Treverensi
569:
77:
58:
338:. The rebellion was soon patched up, however, and Louis received
936:, "Les Robertiens", in M. Parisse and X. Barral i Altet (eds.),
577:
508:
93:
1303:. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College.
1281:. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College.
840:, 11th ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1911), vol. III, p. 91.
458:, was accused of plotting with the king's cousin Hugh to seize
152:, and Henry may have "inherited" his positions in Saxony (from
1273:
Guillotel, Hubert (2000). "Une autre marche de Neustrie". In
688:
cuius epitaphium in fine huius libri invenies ad hoc signum âł©
611:, "Charles gave all powers to his commander-in-chief Henry."
209:
calls Adalbert a "close relative through his sister" of King
1211:
Die Ăśberlieferungsgeschichte der Chronik des Regino von PrĂĽm
903:(Catholic University of America Press, 2014), p. 32, n. 143.
213:, which led Emil Kimpen to conclude that Henry I's mother,
398:, where an army of Vikings was encamped. According to the
414:
troops. Charles arrived with the main force in May 882.
601:
marchensis Francorum, qui in id tempus Niustriam tenuit
156:) and in Austrasia (from Banzleib's brother Adalbert).
159:
Henry's wife was possibly Ingeltrude, the daughter of
921:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993). pp. 228–29.
276:
and Leopold—of the first known Babenberger, Margrave
966:(Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 61 and n. 72.
820:
Ius Hereditarium Encountered III: Ezzo's Chess Match
406:led the advance guard, with Henry in charge of the
938:Le Roi de France et son royaume autour de l'an mil
899:and David S. Bachrach (eds.); Widukind of Corvey,
193:(c. 854 – 9 September 906), captured and executed
791:The ethnically Frankish lands east of the Rhine.
280:, are strongly suggestive of a link with Henry.
1301:Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval
1279:Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval
634:(three-times margrave) under the influence of
438:in 884–85. In early 885, Henry and Archbishop
1024:Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056
1005:
1003:
1001:
774:Dic aliquid, lector, copulans suspiria votis,
714:Saxonibus, Francis, Fresonibus ille triarchos
148:. The Popponids were probably related to the
8:
1192:
1190:
1176:
1174:
1034:
1032:
919:The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe
734:Hostes si minuit, si se tulit obice nostros:
49:, his homeland, but after Charles inherited
45:. His early career was mostly restricted to
987:
985:
850:
848:
846:
724:Consiliis cuius res publica crevit et armis
237:, named after her grandmother, who married
810:
808:
764:Ecce hoc iusticium prelambens signa leonis
754:Martyrii testis sonipes perfossus et arma.
744:Tu reddis longum pro te morientibus aevum:
27:9th-century Carolingian military commander
779:plange viri casum, quin magis immo virum.
749:huic pro te strato, rex, bona redde polo.
729:pendula forte prius: idque repende, Deus.
719:prefuit, hinc trino stemmate fretus ovet.
487:. The defence of the city fell to Bishop
953:, p. 34, for a hypothetical family tree.
929:
927:
709:hic recubat corpus: sit sibi vera salus.
588:call Henry the Duke of the Austrasians (
377:, which they took from the rebel leader
37:. He was commander-in-chief under Kings
1277:; Keats-Rohan, Katharine S. B. (eds.).
913:
911:
909:
804:
759:vir quoque traiectus: esto corona Deus.
647:
64:Henry is described in the sources as a
1149:Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini
769:te tetigit virgo: laus in utroque Deo.
704:Heinrici magni Francorum germinis alti
233:. Their son, Henry I, had a daughter,
1143:
1141:
1139:
739:insigni palma hoc, pie Christe, nota.
365:, the chief commander of the army of
7:
342:as a sub-kingdom, while Charles got
1339:Military personnel killed in action
385:in opposition to the Carolingians.
132:Henry's family has been called the
1258:(Matthiesen Verlag, 1996), p. 165.
410:contingent and Arnulf leading the
202:Henry (died 902), killed in battle
76:. His title is given variously as
25:
549:Abbey of Saint-MĂ©dard de Soissons
199:(died 903), captured and executed
245:, and great-grandmother of King
823:. Editions Enlaplage. pp. 9–12.
381:, who had made himself king in
468:, one of Godfrid's followers,
1:
1230:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1184:, pp. 100–01 and nn. 1 and 4.
1153:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
483:In 885, a large Viking force
402:, Henry and Charles's nephew
318:as the "leader of the army" (
300:. It is more likely he was a
1297:Keats-Rohan, Katharine S. B.
664:Heimrih, Heimrich, Heimricus
1147:Bernhard von Simson (ed.),
1355:
312:Henry is described by the
308:Reign of Louis the Younger
1209:Wolf-RĂĽdiger Schleidgen,
1026:(Routledge, 2013), p. 85.
564:By 871, according to the
531:Death, burial and epitaph
243:Henry I, Duke of Burgundy
241:and became the mother of
163:: a memorial book of the
389:Reign of Charles the Fat
330:to their older brother,
146:Poppo, Duke of Thuringia
1222:Friedrich Kurze (ed.),
838:Encyclopædia Britannica
478:monastery of Saint Gall
658:; in the Latin of the
294:Bella Parisiacae urbis
288:Henry is described by
229:. Hathui married Duke
1198:Kingship and Politics
1166:Kingship and Politics
1118:Kingship and Politics
1079:Kingship and Politics
1066:Kingship and Politics
1011:Kingship and Politics
934:Karl Ferdinand Werner
832:Hugh Chisholm (ed.),
672:Annals of Saint Vaast
605:Karl Ferdinand Werner
586:Annals of Saint Vaast
517:Annals of Saint-Vaast
497:Annals of Saint-Vaast
465:Annals of Saint-Vaast
383:Burgundy and Provence
361:to make war on Count
256:, which governed the
171:) and an Ingeltrude (
1275:Settipani, Christian
662:his name is spelled
336:Rastislav of Moravia
1094:, p. 106 and n. 14.
901:Deeds of the Saxons
897:Bernard S. Bachrach
872:The Annals of Fulda
630:is a corruption of
614:On the other hand,
519:, the chronicle of
495:. According to the
485:laid siege to Paris
422:. According to the
367:Hugh of Lotharingia
1200:, p. 66 and n. 95.
1107:, p. 107 and n. 9.
254:House of Babenberg
211:Henry I of Germany
207:Widukind of Corvey
165:abbey of Reichenau
161:Eberhard of Friuli
35:Carolingian Empire
18:Henry of Franconia
1254:Matthias Becher,
815:Donald C. Jackman
537:Robert the Strong
440:Liutbert of Mainz
363:Theobald of Arles
320:princeps militiae
247:Henry I of France
142:Poppo of Grapfeld
39:Louis the Younger
16:(Redirected from
1346:
1314:
1292:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1040:Ius Hereditarium
1036:
1027:
1022:Timothy Reuter,
1020:
1014:
1007:
996:
989:
980:
973:
967:
960:
954:
951:Ius Hereditarium
947:
941:
931:
922:
915:
904:
894:
888:
885:Ius Hereditarium
881:
875:
865:
859:
856:Ius Hereditarium
852:
841:
830:
824:
812:
792:
789:
783:
701:
695:
685:
679:
652:
590:dux Austrasiorum
359:Adalhard of Metz
324:Louis the German
258:March of Austria
184:Conradine family
175:) side by side.
21:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1295:
1289:
1272:
1268:
1266:Further reading
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1262:
1253:
1249:
1243:Annals of Fulda
1240:
1236:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1182:Annals of Fulda
1179:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1146:
1137:
1131:Annals of Fulda
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1105:Annals of Fulda
1102:
1098:
1092:Annals of Fulda
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1053:Annals of Fulda
1050:
1046:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1008:
999:
993:Annals of Fulda
990:
983:
977:Annals of Fulda
974:
970:
962:Simon MacLean,
961:
957:
948:
944:
932:
925:
916:
907:
895:
891:
882:
878:
866:
862:
853:
844:
831:
827:
813:
806:
801:
796:
795:
790:
786:
702:
698:
686:
682:
660:Annals of Fulda
653:
649:
644:
597:Annals of Fulda
566:Annals of Fulda
562:
545:Annals of Fulda
533:
525:Annals of Fulda
445:Annals of Fulda
428:Annals of Fulda
424:Annals of Fulda
400:Annals of Fulda
391:
371:Annals of Fulda
315:Annals of Fulda
310:
286:
182:with the rival
167:names a Henry (
130:
116:in the west to
43:Charles the Fat
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
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1247:
1234:
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1015:
997:
981:
968:
955:
942:
923:
917:Pierre Riché,
905:
889:
876:
868:Timothy Reuter
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800:
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793:
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741:
732:
731:
722:
721:
712:
711:
696:
680:
646:
645:
643:
640:
620:Hugh the Abbot
616:Donald Jackman
568:, Henry was a
561:
558:
532:
529:
521:Regino of PrĂĽm
396:besiege Asselt
390:
387:
309:
306:
285:
282:
239:Hugh the Great
231:Otto of Saxony
204:
203:
200:
194:
180:Babenberg feud
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126:
26:
24:
14:
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4:
3:
2:
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1340:
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1310:1-900934-01-9
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1288:1-900934-01-9
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949:See Jackman,
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124:in the east.
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19:
1300:
1278:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1181:
1165:
1160:
1148:
1130:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1042:, pp. 23–24.
1039:
1023:
1018:
1010:
992:
976:
971:
963:
958:
950:
945:
937:
918:
900:
892:
887:, pp. 16–17.
884:
879:
871:
863:
858:, pp. 20–21.
855:
837:
828:
818:
787:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
699:
687:
683:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
635:
631:
627:
623:
613:
600:
596:
594:
589:
585:
581:
573:
565:
563:
544:
542:
534:
524:
516:
505:
496:
482:
463:
449:
444:
432:
427:
423:
416:
399:
392:
370:
356:
348:
319:
313:
311:
293:
290:Abbo Cernuus
287:
251:
205:
177:
172:
168:
158:
137:
131:
114:Breton March
97:
89:
81:
63:
51:West Francia
47:East Francia
30:
29:
1120:, p. 38–39.
1068:, p. 34–35.
834:"Babenberg"
551:. An eight-
474:Gondreville
460:Lotharingia
219:Liudolfings
1329:886 deaths
1323:Categories
799:References
668:Heimrichus
632:trimarchio
491:and Count
302:Thuringian
90:marchensis
74:Thuringian
1334:Babenberg
1245:, p. 112.
1196:MacLean,
1168:, p. 150.
1164:MacLean,
1116:MacLean,
1077:MacLean,
1064:MacLean,
1038:Jackman,
1013:, p. 214.
1009:MacLean,
883:Jackman,
854:Jackman,
676:Heinricus
670:, in the
636:demarchus
628:triarchos
624:triarchos
609:Franconia
344:Alemannia
278:Leopold I
227:Capetians
223:Ottonians
173:Engildrud
169:Heimirich
150:Hattonids
134:Popponids
110:Austrasia
1241:Reuter,
1180:Reuter,
1133:, p. 11.
1129:Reuter,
1103:Reuter,
1090:Reuter,
1081:, p. 97.
1055:, p. 89.
1051:Reuter,
995:, p. 65.
991:Reuter,
979:, p. 55.
975:Reuter,
817:(2010),
674:, it is
656:Heinrich
523:and the
501:Erkenger
489:Joscelin
450:In 885,
420:Deventer
412:Bavarian
408:Frankish
332:Carloman
274:Adalbert
197:Adalhard
191:Adalbert
154:Banzleib
138:Popponen
136:(German
106:Neustria
86:margrave
57:(mainly
870:(ed.),
654:German
572:(Latin
553:distich
513:Quierzy
452:Godfrid
436:Hesbaye
328:Bavaria
292:in his
102:Francia
80:(Latin
55:Vikings
1307:
1285:
560:Titles
470:Gerolf
456:Frisia
404:Arnulf
340:Saxony
266:Ernest
235:Hedwig
215:Hathui
128:Family
122:Saxony
118:Frisia
642:Notes
574:comes
570:count
375:Mâcon
352:Bruno
298:Saxon
296:as a
270:Poppo
262:Henry
92:) or
82:comes
78:count
70:Frank
66:Saxon
59:Danes
31:Henry
1305:ISBN
1283:ISBN
595:The
578:duke
543:The
509:Metz
379:Boso
284:Life
252:The
225:and
120:and
94:duke
41:and
666:or
592:).
582:dux
493:Odo
108:or
98:dux
84:),
72:or
1325::
1228:,
1189:^
1173:^
1151:,
1138:^
1031:^
1000:^
984:^
926:^
908:^
845:^
836:,
807:^
694:".
527:.
480:.
346:.
304:.
272:,
268:,
264:,
249:.
186::
104:,
68:,
1313:.
1291:.
692:âł©
678:.
580:(
96:(
88:(
20:)
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