530:“The Nanjing censorship system was not completely powerless in regulating foreign press. Although it did not have the legal right to pre-censor or penalize disobedient newspapers as it did with national press, it was still able to limit the distribution of treaty port newspapers with its sovereign power—the postal control. Despite political turmoil, governments at various levels since 1896 had devoted relentless efforts to building a national postal network. The postal system, which reached every city and village in the country, as Lane J. Harris claimed, was essential to protecting the integrity of Chinese territory and the independence of the administration. The Chinese government partially restored postal rights at the
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510:“Piry, a Frenchman, who had joined the Customs service in 1874, was appointed postal secretary in 1901 and continued as the general director of posts until 1917. The fact that he was French, just like his successor Henri Picard Destelan, reflected China's commitments to France in 1898, during the 'scramble for concessions', to consider French government recommendations regarding the selection of personnel for its postal service.”
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534:, when powers agreed to withdraw control of post offices by the end of 1922, provided they maintained the operation of post offices in treaty ports and the position of co-director general of the postal system continued to be held by a foreigner. After the fall of the Beijing government following the northern expedition, the
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553:“until such time as uniformity is possible.” Although the Soothill-Wade period was brief, it was a time when 13,000 offices were created, a rapid and unprecedented expansion. At the time the policy was reversed, one third of all postal establishments used Soothill-Wade spelling.
260:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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relocated the postal system headquarters and reduced Henri Picard d'Estelan's authority in
February 1929, with the Nanjing government resuming postal control of the treaty ports.” [
502:, who had served as postal secretary in the Imperial Chinese Post service and became the first postmaster general of China, helping with the integration of China into the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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http://fondationsaintjohnperse.fr/une-vie-de-poete-et-de-diplomate/lire-sur-lhomme/notes-voyage-bussiere-annexes/
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429:, he was injured twice when participating, in 1900, in the defense of the French legation in Beijing during the
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of Place Names, 1896–1949". Twentieth-Century China. 34 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1353/tcc.0.0007. S2CID 68653154.
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401:(Chinese name 鐵士蘭) (born 23 July 1878, Lyon; died 25 October 1971, Paris) was a co-director general of the
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In
December 1921, Picard-Destelan, as co-director of the Post Office, had quietly ordered a return to
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The Thébaud Family: The Story of the Thébaud Family Since Its
Founding in the United States in 1793
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News under Fire: China’s
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News under Fire: China’s
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named after him. Upon returning to France, he participated in the construction of the
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Customs (1910–1912), and in 1913 transitioned to the Postal
Service, succeeding
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https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/296836
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Harris, Lane J. (2009). "A "Lasting Boon to All": A Note on the Postal
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Etrangers à Pékin: Européens et Américains et République de Pékin
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The
Foreign Establishment in China in the Early Twentieth Century
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Mémoire de Pékin丨Histoire des services postaux modernes en Chine
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at 22 and promoted to
Officer in 1920 and received the Order of
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in 1896, Picard-Destelan first became
Assistant in Charge at
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Picard-Destelan had a former street in Shanghai and the
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La guerre des Boxers (1900-1901): Tseu-Hi évite le pire
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Diplomates écrivains: correspondances diplomatiques
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487:Customs (1908–1910), then Acting Commissioner of
392:Co-director general of the Chinese postal service
667:La France en Chine de Sun Yat-sen à Mao Zedong
657:, by Li Shaobing, Qi Xiaolin, Cai Leiwei, 2016
278:accompanying your translation by providing an
244:Click for important translation instructions.
231:expand this article with text translated from
645:, by Raymond Bourgerie, Pierre Lesoueff, 1997
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669:, 1918–1953, by Nicole Bensacq-Tixier, 2019
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
545:, Hong Kong University Press, 2017, p. 76)
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320:Learn how and when to remove this message
202:Learn how and when to remove this message
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348:Henri Ernest Félix Marie Picard-Destelan
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290:{{Translated|fr|Henri Picard-Destelan}}
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601:He was made a Knight of the
469:burial place of Genghis Khan
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301:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
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481:Chinese Customs Service
299:For more guidance, see
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536:Nationalist government
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182:You can assist by
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598:company.
409:Biography
294:talk page
235:in French
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489:Hangzhou
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383:, France
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