1432:
1110:
1306:
required that the fabrication casting material be of open hearth or electric furnace grade "B" steel with specific metallurgic requirements to insure proper tensile strength and reliability of the coupler and its moving parts. In order to govern uniform standards for the interchangeability and the proper relation between fitting parts, the A.R.A. Committee on
Couplers and draft gears designed and distributed templates, gauges, and master guides to assure the proper interchangeability and fitting of parts to maintain the proper operation of various multi-source manufactured railway couplers.
1381:
1404:
1349:
1063:. Its success in promoting switch-yard safety was stunning. Between 1877 and 1887, approximately 38% of all railworker accidents involved coupling. That percentage fell as the railroads began to replace link and pin couplers with automatic couplers. By 1902, only two years after the SAA's effective date, coupling accidents constituted only 4% of all employee accidents. Coupler-related accidents dropped from 11,710 in 1893 to 2,256 in 1902, even though the number of railroad employees steadily increased during that decade.
956:
1321:
1095:
1369:
1081:
47:
422:
1444:
532:
835:
627:
contour, then in 1915 on the improved MCB-10 or Type D contour, and again in 1932 on the AAR-10A or Type E contour. The 1893, 1915, and 1932 contours are measurably different with slight dimensional changes that improved performance, yet remain compatible. Janney couplers still use the 1932 contour, though tolerances, metallurgy and machining techniques have improved, resulting in notable reductions in coupler slack. Type H
1333:
1138:
659:, which was a major cause of railroad worker injuries and deaths. The locking pin that ensures Janney couplers remain fastened together is withdrawn manually by a worker using the "cut lever", which is operated from either side of the railroad car and does not require the person to go between the cars. The only time the worker has to go between cars is after they have been securely coupled, to hook up the
1420:
1272:
manufactured various railroad couplers and steel products for the railroad industries. In 1891, Chicago
Malleable became part of the new National Malleable Castings Co., the Cleveland-based company, where Arthur J. Bazeley was employed as a senior design engineer, had additional manufacturing plants across the Midwest. National Malleable purchased the Latrobe Steel & Coupler's plant in
967:
604:, was developed as a lighter build than the "Type D", and was marketed by the Amsted Corporation, parent of ASF, as the "Standard for the World". It is still the most-used knuckle coupler in the world. The modern Alliance coupler still uses the modern AAR-10 or 10A contour, but has a shorter thus weaker head length, and thus cannot be used on North American
1302:, American Steel Foundries and The Monarch Steel Castings Company, and to be the active standard M.C.B. D Type forward from January 1, 1918. Buckeye Steel Castings Company was founded in 1881 as the Murray-Hayden Foundry before changing to The Buckeye Automatic Car Coupler Company and in 2002 after filing bankruptcy was reformed as Columbus Castings.
976:
597:(ASF) developed the Janney "Type D" coupler, that was then made the MCB standard coupler for North America; new and rebuilt rolling stock had to be fitted with that coupler. That ended the market for knuckle couplers with proprietary components, excepting those exported from the US to other countries not complying with MCB standards.
1109:
1256:
automatic coupler improvements through design, under the coupler type names which included the "Buckeye coupler", the "Sharon
Coupler" PAT APP Nov. 10, 1910, 1911,1913, 1914, the "Simplex Coupler" PAT APP May 3, 1903, the "Climax Coupler", the "Latrobe Coupler", the "Tower Coupler", the "Major Coupler", the "
1255:
for the evolving heavier demands by US railways, as well as, National
Malleable Castings' international customers in the United Kingdom, India, and many other countries building and expanding their railway systems. A.J. Bazeley was directly responsible for over 90 registered U.S. patents for railway
1305:
Railway couplers were manufactured in accordance with the
Standard Specifications of the AAR covering the purchase and acceptance of couplers, knuckles, locks and other working parts as shown in their "Mechanical Division Manual of Standards and Recommended Practice". Specifications as of March 1939
1263:
A.J. Bazeley related railway inventions, U.S. patents and railway coupler mechanical drawings and illustrations filed and assigned to
National Malleable Castings Company can be referenced by a patent search under "Bazeley, railway couplings" or "Arthur James Bazeley, railway couplings patents" which
518:
Split
Knuckle: a rarer type, which replaces the finger of the Knuckle (the little flap that actually links two knuckles together, one of the few moving parts) with one that has a cut out in the middle of it and a hole bored through it; this modification was designed to work with the older Link and
1431:
1285:
At a joint M.C.B. Coupler
Committee meeting on July 15, 1913, out of numerous studied competing railway coupler manufacturers and designs two couplers were selected for the new proposed universal U.S./Canadian coupler design standard, adopted, June 15, 1916 by the M.C.B. The two couplers accepted
589:
Knuckle couplers of the 1880s and 1890s had a chaotic mixture of proprietary internal components, but all had the standard MCB external contour, making them compatible. There was a multitude of makes and models — Burns, Climax, Gould, Miller, Sharon and Tower. Some worked better than others.
626:
The external contour of Janney knuckle couplers was the first aspect to be standardized by the MCB in the 1880s. Prior to this, there was a chaotic variety of constantly evolving and proprietary external contours and internal components. In 1893, manufacturers standardized on the MCB-5 or Type C
1297:
The Type “D” Experimental
Standard M.C.B. Coupler was unanimously recommended by the Master Car Builders Association and its Coupler Committee for adoption as the National/International (United States/Canadian) standard for coupler design and manufacturing specification uniformity by the M.C.B.
1070:
During the transition period from link-and-pin couplers, knuckle couplers on many locomotives had a horizontal gap and a vertical hole in the knuckle itself to accommodate, respectively, a link and a pin, to enable it to couple to vehicles which were still equipped with the older link-and-pin
791:
Modern AAR standards require knuckle couplers to be bottom-operated on cars and top-operated on locomotives. Operation or uncoupling is accomplished by lifting the release pin with a lever extending to the corner of the car; this pin is locked when the coupler is under tension, so the usual
1271:
National
Malleable Castings in 1891 absorbed the Chicago Malleable Iron which was founded in 1873 by Alfred A. Pope and John C. Coonley, who operated similar companies in Ohio and Indiana. By the late 1880s, the company employed nearly 1,000 men at its 26th and Western Chicago works, which
1155:
Type D coupler, adopted in 1916 by the MCBA (predecessor of ARA), had individual parts interchangeable, simplifying maintenance. Earlier designs had compatible profiles, but component parts differed between manufacturers, creating maintenance problems when cars were interchanged with other
473:
Originally known as Janney couplers (the original patent name) they are almost always referred to as Knuckles in the US and Canada (regardless of their actual official model name, nowadays generally various AAR types in North America), but are also known as
1251:, in 1906, where he worked as a mechanical engineer for National Malleable Castings, Co., inventing and designing improvements in the function, strength, and durability of the (MCB/ARA/AAR/APTA) Janney, Knuckle, Alliance couplers and other coupling devices/
1298:
Master Car Builders’ Association on June 15, 1916 after its 1915 Convention. This resulted in the sharing of U.S. Patent improvements and agreed to by The National Malleable Castings Company, Henry Pope President; The Buckeye Steel Castings Company, The
1066:
When the Janney coupling was chosen to be the American standard, there were 8,000 patented alternatives to choose from. The only significant disadvantage of using the AAR (Janney) design is that sometimes the drawheads need to be manually aligned.
1268:, Transportation Industrial Designer. A.J. Bazeley Railway Coupling, Construction/Design Improvements and Draft Rigging related patents include: US 1193222, US 124622, US 1932719, US 1518299, US 1932503, US 2235194, US 1932440 and others.
1276:, in 1909. In 1923, when it had begun to supply the automobile industry, the company changed its name to National Malleable & Steel Castings. Its stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange beginning in 1936
1380:
522:
AAR: AAR, the modern American knuckle, they have several variants of their own; ranging from the standard knuckle, to long drawbar ones, to passenger models, to a type designed specifically for tank cars.
1984:
1792:
1320:
1290:, and the American Steel Foundries No.3 modified Alliance Coupler, out of nine couplers submitted to the committee as embodying the joint specification of design, The TYPE D coupler design based on
792:
uncoupling steps are to compress the coupling with a locomotive, lift and hold up the pin, then pull the cars apart. "Buckeye" and "SASKop" couplers are side operated variants of knuckle couplers.
1348:
1094:
655:, invented the semi-automatic knuckle coupler in 1868. It automatically locks the couplers on cars or locomotives together without a rail worker having to get between the cars, and replaced the
1403:
1159:
Type E coupler, adopted in 1930 by the ARA (predecessor of AAR), also had individual parts interchangeable, though not with Type D due to improvements. Still the most widely used design today.
2092:
1173:, a vertically interlocking variation to prevent accidents, derailments and wrecks from disconnecting the coupler. Type F also includes versions with rotating shafts for hopper car
1368:
1437:
Type E double-shelf coupler on a tank car. The double shelf holds the pair of couplers in place in a derailment, which reduces the chance of the coupler puncturing the tank.
1294:
patented designs and improvements was selected as the standard M.C.B Association's standard from 1918., after M.C.B. performance tested it along with the Type C designs.
1991:
1799:
769:
1141:
AAR Type F Interlock couplers, rigid version at right and rotary version at left. The one on the left lost its pin and was pulled out of its coupler pocket.
2126:
876:. The Janney coupler is commonly used on railway couplings, as it is strong and locks automatically. Janney coupler was patented by Eli Janney after the
2153:
1823:
1205:
1673:
1055:
In 1893, satisfied that an automatic coupler could meet the demands of commercial railroad operations and, at the same time, be manipulated safely, the
761:
Several knuckle coupler types exist to accommodate various cars, but all are required to have certain common dimensions allowing for compatibility.
404:
396:
1149:
The current AAR contour dates back to the 1888 Master Car Builders Association (MCBA) design, which, in turn is based on the 1879 Janney patent.
1561:
450:
400:
999:
987:
392:
2089:
1708:
991:
1332:
1080:
777:
Janney couplers are always right-handed, i.e., their shape resembles the human right hand with fingers curled, as viewed from above.
583:
1186:
568:
In the UK, several versions of Janney couplers are fitted to a limited number of coaches, multiple units, wagons and locomotives.
1959:
1767:
1060:
388:
1587:
880:. The Janney interlocking coupling system is much safer than the links before it. Janney coupler is like two curved human hand.
1265:
2077:
470:
that allow rail cars and locomotives to be securely linked together without rail workers having to get between the vehicles.
2146:
802:, knuckle couplers are typical per AAR and APT standards; mainline freight trains often exceed 1 mile (1.6 km) long; in
240:
80:
1599:
896:, the horizontal centerline of the coupler head is above the horizontal centerline of the coupler shank, or shaft, and the
647:
The purpose of couplers is to join rail cars and locomotives to each other so they all are securely linked together. Major
635:
have a variation of the 10A contour that nearly eliminates slack during normal operation and minimizes the possibility of "
1394:
1100:
817:, heavy coal trains were first fitted with knuckle couplers in 1972; a full transition began in 2013 to replace remaining
814:
509:
There are many variations of knuckle coupler in use today, and even more from the past, some variants of knuckle include:
333:
1443:
2026:
1755:
1326:
Mated Janney Type E couplers, as seen from above. Left is top-operated on locomotives. Right is bottom-operated on cars
2181:
2176:
1502:
905:
188:
183:
707:
Knuckle couplers are used in the Americas, Africa, Asia-Pacific, UK, Belgium and Spain (narrow gauge railway only).
1855:
1419:
1194:
765:
605:
443:
235:
2197:
2139:
1740:
1486:
1355:
1204:" variation to reduce slack action and improve safety for passenger cars. Now under the supervision of the APTA (
1124:
807:
734:
690:
685:; early Janney couplers often had transitional shanks which mounted into legacy link and pin coupler pockets, or
553:
was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; Beard's patents were
348:
343:
338:
200:
57:
1658:
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section S, Part III: Coupler and Yoke Details, Issue 06/2007
616:
594:
363:
299:
95:
1491:
1684:
636:
519:
Pin couplers in widespread use before, though could reasonably work with European style chain couplers too.
368:
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250:
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62:
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1244:
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436:
373:
1894:
586:(AAR) these were known as Master Car Builder (MCB) couplers. In 1934, the MCB was renamed as the AAR.
2230:
1215:
1037:
866:
675:
632:
550:
512:
Janney: the American original, a rather finicky coupler; reportedly annoying to make open and close.
378:
928:
1637:
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section S, Part I:Casting Details, Issue 06/2007
353:
151:
768:, sometimes use smaller (three-quarter- or half-size) versions of the Janney MCB coupler. Such as
2235:
2208:
1528:
1481:
1201:
1190:
1145:
The knuckle coupler has withstood the test of time since its invention, with only minor changes:
909:
877:
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818:
795:
Trains fitted with knuckle couplers can accommodate heavier loads than any other type of coupler.
702:
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572:
311:
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17:
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2014:
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1174:
1007:
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611:
Manufacturers of modern "Type E", "Type F Interlock" and "Type H Tightlock" couplers include
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1164:
933:
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531:
421:
230:
225:
210:
1945:
1374:
AAR Type E couplers. Upper is bottom operated on car. Lower is top operated on locomotive
904:, to lift the coupler head high enough to match the couplers on other rolling stock. The
1837:
1170:
1011:
668:
601:
245:
119:
38:
1963:
1771:
834:
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741:
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294:
220:
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193:
142:
107:
102:
90:
1211:
Improvements in metallurgy and casting techniques to increase maximum trailing load.
1137:
821:
with knuckle couplers on freight stock and Scharfenberg couplers on passenger stock.
515:
Castle: an improvement on the Janney design, and a step towards the modern knuckle.
1512:
1339:
1233:
1905-1918 M.C.B. D Type established as the Universal M.C.B. Standard, Adopted 1915
1041:
1029:
925:
920:
The Henricot coupler, a variation on the Janney coupler, was introduced by Belgian
576:
383:
173:
1260:", the "Pitt Coupler", the "R.E. Janney Coupler", the "Kelso Coupler" and others.
1603:
1550:
2215:
2105:
1507:
1123:. Vertical hole in knuckle accommodates the pin. Could also have accommodated a
1056:
966:
901:
114:
948:
2250:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2084:
1872:
1466:
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129:
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1931:
561:
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1026:
897:
719:
85:
1264:
have been drawn/filed and provided by Roger Bazeley-USA, MSTM, MSID, CHSRM
559:
granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $ 50,000, and
1221:
use a three-quarter- or one-half-scale version of the Janney/MCB coupler.
1160:
921:
873:
723:
660:
410:
681:
Modern Janney couplers typically mount to rail cars and locomotives via
1907:
1178:
1737:
1103:– 1894. MCB5 Transition Coupler, compatible with link and pin coupling
1040:, who used his lunch hours to whittle from wood an alternative to the
1908:"The Development of the Semiautomatic Freight-Car Coupler, 1863-1893"
1239:(1872-1937), railway couplings inventor/design engineer; was born in
1044:
coupler. The term Buckeye comes from the nickname of the US state of
803:
764:
Lighter weight railways, notably narrow-gauge lines with no need for
306:
1923:
975:
2131:
1282:
1905-1918 M.C.B. D Type as Universal M.C.B. Standard Adopted 1915
1136:
751:
Grade C or Grade E knuckles are required for interchange service.
715:
530:
205:
168:
1573:
Inventors: Eli Janney - The Janney Coupler. Railroad Car Couplers
1045:
272:
2135:
829:
1152:
Buckeye coupler, a side-operated version of the MCBA coupler
954:
786:
Loaded cars: 32.5 inches (826 mm) ± 1 inch (25 mm)
1623:
806:
freight trains are typically much shorter, with the legacy
783:
Empty cars: 33.5 inches (851 mm) ± 1 inch (25 mm)
600:
The Alliance coupler, named after the ASF-owned foundry in
1115:
MCB Type 5 coupler circa 1893. Split knuckle accommodates
756:
Grade E coupler bodies: 900,000 pounds-force (4.0 MN)
2065:
The A.R.A. STANDARD Type "E" COUPLER March 1931, page 9
942:. It is used on certain electric multiple units of the
912:, were fitted with gooseneck couplers for that reason.
846:
900:. This arrangement is designed for use with low-floor
1520:, includes a sculpture built of railroad car couplers
575:
are compatible subtypes, each intended for specific
2259:
2190:
2169:
869:are yet another variety, typical on North American
1645:
1643:
1494:, lists the coupler(s) used on any railway system
1292:The National Malleable Castings Bazeley Coupler
2027:"Double Shelf Couplers Tank Cars - Bing images"
1280:The National Malleable Castings Bazeley Coupler
1167:are equipped with Type E double shelf couplers.
539:Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by
1668:
1666:
1664:
1393:, MCB Type 5 coupler (right) required by 1893
2147:
1633:
1631:
1413:with full auto power and control connections.
444:
8:
571:Janney Type E, Type F Interlock, and Type H
535:The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent
780:Required coupler heights, in North America
2154:
2140:
2132:
1288:Malleable Castings Company Bazeley Coupler
1247:until the age of 34 when he immigrated to
1206:American Public Transportation Association
1006:Close-up of Henricot coupler and separate
451:
437:
29:
1338:AAR Type E coupler with top operator on
1052:which originally marketed the coupling.
621:Buckeye, also known as Columbus Castings
2090:FREIGHT VEHICLE COUPLERS AND DRAFT GEAR
1733:
1731:
1729:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1313:
1214:Some narrow-gauge railways such as the
1073:
320:
264:
140:
72:
37:
1822:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1815:
1768:"Columbus Castings Couplers and Yokes"
1354:"Drophead" coupler swung down reveals
1674:"NATIONAL MODEL RAILROAD ASSOCIATION
1583:
1581:
7:
2102:Adapter piece between Janney coupler
2042:"Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago"
1014:connections on a NMBS/SNCB class 75
946:, including the NMBS/SNCB class 75.
2046:www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org
992:National Railway Company of Belgium
1021:Development of the knuckle coupler
714:Maximum tonnage as high as 32,000
25:
906:large bogie boxvans for car parts
584:Association of American Railroads
1442:
1430:
1418:
1402:
1379:
1367:
1347:
1331:
1319:
1108:
1093:
1079:
974:
965:
833:
810:remaining the de facto standard.
420:
45:
1562:Eli Janney — The Janney Coupler
1266:Mineta Transportation Institute
697:Janney/MCB/ARA/AAR/APTA coupler
651:, a Confederate veteran of the
27:Semi-automatic railroad coupler
18:Henricot semi automatic coupler
1243:, in 1872, and worked for the
1048:, the "Buckeye state" and the
582:Prior to the formation of the
1:
1738:Buckeye coupler (scroll down)
1395:Railroad Safety Appliance Act
1387:
1101:Syracuse Malleable Iron Works
998:Henricot Type D coupler on a
466:are a semi-automatic form of
236:Passenger traffic terminology
2085:Offset or gooseneck couplers
1960:"Type E and Type F couplers"
1873:Offset or gooseneck couplers
950:
770:Victorian narrow gauge lines
2182:Railway coupling conversion
2177:Railway coupling by country
1856:"The Janney coupler - ASME"
1743:September 26, 2006, at the
1503:Railway coupling by country
2304:
1906:Clark, Charles H. (1972).
1449:Two type E Janney couplers
1386:AAR Type E coupler (left)
1195:Richards Bay Coal Terminal
740:Grade E knuckles: 650,000
700:
1487:Headstock (rolling stock)
1356:buffers and chain coupler
1125:buffers and chain coupler
808:buffers and chain coupler
735:ultimate tensile strength
349:List of high-speed trains
1187:Sishen-Sandanha Iron Ore
595:American Steel Foundries
1946:"Link and Pin Couplers"
1600:"McConway & Torley"
1425:Two AAR Type E couplers
1088:Sketch From 1873 Patent
1003:
995:
984:
639:" during a derailment.
251:Railway nationalization
2207:Type F & H :
1912:Technology and Culture
1518:South Station (Boston)
1462:Buckeye Steel Castings
1411:British Rail Class 321
1409:AAR Type H coupler on
1274:Melrose Park, Illinois
1142:
959:
944:Belgian State Railways
536:
504:Centre Buffer Couplers
359:Longest train services
241:Named passenger trains
1985:"Safety and research"
1649:AAR 2011 Field Manual
1624:McConway & Torley
1492:Jane's World Railways
1360:British Rail Class 91
1300:Gould Coupler Company
1245:Great Western Railway
1219:Puffing Billy Railway
1183:Transnet Freight Rail
1140:
958:
894:offset shank couplers
867:double-shelf couplers
613:McConway & Torley
565:granted 16 May 1899.
534:
374:Platform screen doors
2231:Scharfenberg coupler
2203:Janney / AAR coupler
2127:Double shelf coupler
1237:Arthur James Bazeley
1117:link and pin coupler
1061:Safety Appliance Act
1038:Alexandria, Virginia
710:Among its features:
689:to steam locomotive
657:link and pin coupler
551:Andrew Jackson Beard
427:Transport portal
379:Railway speed record
2226:Unicoupler/Intermat
1756:Type E double shelf
1200:Type H coupler, a "
1165:hazardous materials
940:Court-Saint-Étienne
629:tightlock couplings
573:tightlock couplings
562:U.S. patent 624,901
556:U.S. patent 594,059
546:U.S. patent 138,405
354:List of train songs
231:High-speed railways
184:Couplers by country
33:Part of a series on
2236:Norwegian coupling
2209:Tightlock coupling
2117:Patent US1194110 A
2111:Patent US1194109 A
2095:2019-03-12 at the
1895:Ohio Brass company
1884:Ohio Brass Company
1838:"Knuckle Couplers"
1529:Tightlock coupling
1482:Gangway connection
1143:
1133:Changes since 1873
1127:with an extra pin.
1050:Ohio Brass Company
960:
910:Victorian Railways
890:gooseneck couplers
871:hazardous material
845:. You can help by
819:Norwegian couplers
703:Tightlock coupling
653:American Civil War
537:
189:Coupler conversion
2275:
2274:
2198:Buffers and chain
2080:Trains (magazine)
1709:"Bottom operated"
1524:Three-point hitch
1472:Drawbar (haulage)
1177:, such as on the
1018:
1017:
884:Gooseneck coupler
863:
862:
728:Fortescue Railway
726:) such as on the
461:
460:
179:Railway couplings
162:Steam locomotives
16:(Redirected from
2295:
2163:Railway coupling
2156:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2040:Wilson, Mark R.
2037:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1990:. Archived from
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1962:. Archived from
1956:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1903:
1897:
1892:
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1852:
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1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
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1813:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1798:. Archived from
1797:
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1783:
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1779:
1770:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1735:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1711:. Archived from
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1551:US patent 594059
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1121:Johnston coupler
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1034:Confederate Army
978:
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916:Henricot coupler
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665:pneumatic brakes
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125:Gauge conversion
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1324:
1315:Janney couplers
1312:
1249:Cleveland, Ohio
1231:Bazeley Coupler
1228:
1226:Bazeley Coupler
1135:
1128:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1089:
1087:
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1023:
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859:
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843:needs expansion
828:
705:
699:
687:bolted directly
674:in the case of
645:
633:passenger stock
608:rolling stock.
560:
554:
544:
529:
502:(in the UK) or
457:
419:
316:
265:Special systems
260:
226:Inter-city rail
211:Passenger train
136:
91:Railway station
68:
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1175:rotary dumpers
1171:Type F coupler
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1086:Janney Coupler
1085:
1078:
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1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:head-end power
1004:
1002:
996:
994:
988:A Trainset 174
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963:
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929:Émile Henricot
917:
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865:Janney Type E
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1774:on 2013-05-30
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1477:Dual coupling
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1258:Gould Coupler
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854:February 2022
848:
844:
841:This section
839:
836:
832:
831:
826:Janney Type E
825:
820:
816:
812:
809:
805:
801:
800:North America
797:
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541:Eli H. Janney
533:
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221:Regional rail
219:
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216:Commuter rail
214:
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206:Bogie (truck)
204:
202:
199:
195:
194:Dual coupling
192:
190:
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185:
182:
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177:
175:
174:Railroad cars
172:
170:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:rolling stock
139:
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118:
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113:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:Railway track
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
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71:
64:
63:Company types
61:
59:
56:
55:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2202:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2021:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1979:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:the original
1954:
1940:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1890:
1879:
1868:
1860:www.asme.org
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1807:. Retrieved
1800:the original
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1762:
1751:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1675:
1654:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1594:
1575:/ About, Inc
1568:
1557:
1513:Slack action
1340:mobile crane
1304:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1144:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1042:link and pin
1024:
926:entrepreneur
919:
902:freight cars
893:
889:
887:
878:US Civil War
864:
851:
847:adding to it
842:
742:pounds-force
709:
706:
680:
646:
625:
610:
606:interchanged
599:
592:
588:
581:
570:
567:
538:
521:
517:
514:
511:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
463:
462:
141:Service and
2216:SA3 coupler
2106:SA3 coupler
1508:SA3 coupler
1391: 1932
1059:passed the
1057:US Congress
1032:and former
1000:Belgian EMU
932: [
815:New Zealand
766:interchange
716:metric tons
637:telescoping
389:Terminology
334:Attractions
321:Miscellanea
157:Locomotives
115:Track gauge
108:Maintenance
2260:Categories
2251:Draft gear
2001:2013-05-26
1970:2013-05-26
1918:(2): 207.
1809:2013-05-26
1778:2013-05-26
1719:2013-05-22
1694:2013-11-15
1676:DATA SHEET
1610:2014-07-07
1536:References
1467:Draft gear
1202:tight-lock
1156:railroads.
1071:couplers.
744:(2.9
720:short tons
701:See also:
691:headstocks
667:, and the
649:Eli Janney
527:Background
339:By country
290:Interurban
285:Light rail
130:Dual gauge
81:Management
1932:0040-165X
1286:were the
1253:draw gear
1216:Victorian
1163:carrying
1161:Tank cars
1027:dry goods
1008:air brake
898:draw gear
874:tank cars
724:long tons
722:; 31,000
683:draw gear
661:air lines
593:In 1913,
500:tightlock
364:Modelling
344:Companies
329:Accidents
152:Operating
86:Rail yard
2288:Couplers
2282:Category
2267:Couplers
2093:Archived
1818:cite web
1741:Archived
1455:See also
922:engineer
733:Minimum
718:(35,000
663:for the
631:used on
577:rail car
476:American
411:Vactrain
201:Wheelset
2246:Drawbar
2191:Systems
2170:General
2051:30 June
2015:Tedrail
1310:Gallery
1075:History
990:of the
643:Purpose
579:types.
496:Buckeye
384:Suicide
369:Museums
300:History
278:History
256:Freight
58:History
1930:
1197:lines.
1191:Ermelo
804:Europe
672:cables
619:, and
307:Maglev
169:Trains
1995:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1688:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1358:on a
1030:clerk
936:]
888:With
312:Urban
2104:and
2053:2014
1928:ISSN
1824:link
1189:and
1181:and
1046:Ohio
1010:and
924:and
273:Tram
96:list
1920:doi
1588:MCB
1185:'s
1119:or
938:of
892:or
849:.
813:In
798:In
617:ASF
549:).
492:MCB
488:ARA
484:APT
480:AAR
2284::
2044:.
1926:.
1916:13
1914:.
1910:.
1858:.
1840:.
1820:}}
1816:{{
1728:^
1663:^
1642:^
1630:^
1580:^
1543:^
1388:c.
1208:).
934:fr
748:)
746:MN
737::
693:.
678:.
623:.
615:,
506:.
498:,
494:,
490:,
486:,
482:,
478:,
405:UK
403:,
401:NZ
399:,
397:NA
395:,
393:AU
2155:e
2148:t
2141:v
2113:,
2055:.
2029:.
2004:.
1973:.
1948:.
1934:.
1922::
1862:.
1844:.
1826:)
1812:.
1781:.
1722:.
1697:.
1678:"
1613:.
1397:.
1362:.
1342:.
1193:-
856:)
852:(
772:.
730:.
543:(
452:e
445:t
438:v
407:)
391:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
