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318:. He opposed a number of important theological positions in his time. The first of these is the quest for a kind of synthesis between culture and gospel (Vermittlung). The second was the concern of the Dutch pietists and puritans for the conversion history of the believers, on the basis of which the authenticity and status of the faith were determined. According to Kohlbrugge, in both positions one is focused on the (goodness of) man, instead of on (the goodness of) Christ. In man there is no natural goodness, he depends on Christ alone.
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who love, not the saints, the just, the pious, no, no – the ungodly." The
Apostle testified not: "I made reasonable progress in sanctification." No, but despite his Pharisaic past, and to console his distressed heart he writes down: "For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin" – Christ knows to sanctify us only in this way, when we confess: "I am carnal and black." His Word is true above all other things: "I see no stains in you, just in this way you are lovely and holy in Me."
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struggled with their own sinfulness and weakness." Kohlbrugge's sermons and writings are a breath of fresh air, a refreshment, an oasis. Other theologians have also stressed that
Kohlbrugge was a liberation for many believers: "We have met many people, sometimes also young people, who have personally experienced this. Who were led by Kohlbrugge from the service houses in which they sometimes sighed for years."
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hardly knew what to do with him. He was too intolerant for the
Lutheran congregation, in the rather pietistic Wuppertal he was too resolute, he was too determined for the sluggish Reformed Church of those days, but too broad for the Secession again, too much connected with the whole people and the whole Church. Hence this man, who could not live without a pulpit, was driven from one pulpit to another.
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There are many
Christians who believe that sanctification is their work after they have been justified. They are diligently committed to it. But instead of advancing, they become more and more aware that they are going backwards, they become mindless like a withered tree. Unbelief sets in. Satan gets
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Power I have not to save myself; I found no power in myself to keep God's commandments. No matter how much I tried to attain it, I found no power in myself to turn myself to God; no power to utter a single cry; no power to break with just one small sin, weak as the web of a spider or as a thread that
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referred positively in his "Nachfolge" (1937) to
Kohlbrugge. Cornelis Graafland wrote that for many Kohlbrugge "meant a discovery and liberation" and a "second conversion." For the theologian Pieter de Vries "Kohlbrugge became in his teaching, a real comforter to mourners, an encourager of those who
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argued that, while
Kolhbrugge remained relatively unknown, he was in reality the only nineteenth century theologian whose "greatness" merited comparison to the Protestant reformers: "More forcefully than anyone before and after him in the nineteenth century, Kohlbrugge brought reformed theology back
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and "of being in conflict with the teaching of the
Heidelberg Catechism, which speaks of the necessary knowledge of three parts: our misery, deliverance, and gratitude. In his view, Kohlbrugge did not teach the necessity of the third part, the life of gratitude." The Dutch theologian and minister S.
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Kohlbrugge was close to Luther in his theology. Kohlbrugge kept faith and rebirth together. Herein he differed profoundly from the representatives of the
Further Reformation. Kohlbrugge did not emphasize rebirth in a narrower sense, as a form of vivification. He emphasized faith, which is justifying
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Throw away all your crutches of sanctification, far away from you. It is impossible, with them, to climb upon mount Zion. Rip off the rags wherewith you cover your wounds and show yourself as you really are, to him who is holy and just – Hear what the
Scripture says: "(God) who justifies – not those
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At the time he was allowed to preach as an assistant minister of the
Restored Evangelical Lutheran Church of Amsterdam, he stumbled upon a great difference between the sermons of his colleague preachers and the Reformed tradition. In 1826 Kohlbrugge objected to the fact that his Lutheran colleague,
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During his life Kohlbrugge was a source of misunderstanding and controversy. He sometimes preached this gospel so radically that a lot of his fellow theologians and ministers strongly objected to him, accusing him of either ignoring the scientific and moral gains of the Enlightenment, or ignoring
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God Himself intervened in his life in a powerful way, turning him away from his ungodly life and teaching him in the school of grace. Kohlbrugge himself said of it, “It pleased the Almighty God to draw me through His Holy Spirit effectually and irresistibly to Himself and to reveal His Son in me.”
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Kohlbrugge was not an epigone of Luther or Calvin; he was reformed beyond a doubt, but with a Lutheran streak. The essence of the Reformed Reformation was voiced by him, but Luther was his favorite and most read throughout his life. That uniqueness has not made life easy for him; the last century
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One of Kohlbrugge's objections against later reformed orthodoxy was that it tended to separate sanctification and justification more than the first Reformers. The first Reformers always returned from sanctification to justification. For them, justification was more than just an act. They stressed
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In 1847, Kohlbrugge received a "religious patent" from the Prussian monarch to form a new denomination consisting of a single congregation, the "Niederländisch-Refomirte Gemeine" (Dutch Reformed Church) in Elberfeld; he lived there with his second wife and his children until his death in 1875. In
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on Psalm 45, calling this Psalm a wedding song for Christ and his people. As a student, he came under the influence of the reigning cultural and theological climate which was mainly liberal. He had the “pleasure to undermine the holiest truths of Christian religion and to mock with conversion and
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feared he would raise protests there as well. After these conflicts with two denominations and the early loss of his wife, Kohlbrugge moved to Germany and was permitted to preach there in 1833. After permission to the German church was refused him as well, he returned to Holland where he lived
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in nature. Sanctification is not a growth process of the Christian, a new principle, like Abraham Kuyper claimed. This will lead to a human activism. In himself, the believer is and remains a fallen man who is completely dependent on the grace that is available in Christ, through faith alone.
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Until then Kohlbrugge had thought that a believer is sold under sin insofar as he is still carnal. Now he realised that Paul wrote that he, a converted apostle, remains carnal, sold under the sin. For Kohlbrugge this insight was a second conversion. In the sermon (which became known as the
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onto the scene, thus reminding protestantism of its origin, of its essence." The great Dutch theologian Oepke Noordmans wrote that Kohlbrugge deserved "without any doubt a place among the classics of the Church" and that he "found accents that can compete with and sometimes surpass
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his hands dirty here and now before they even suspect it, everything becomes dark for them. The corruption that is in their hearts shows itself more and more, and now they asks themselves if they have ever received grace, and they are questioning and denying the whole work of God.
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Rev. D.R. Uckermann, did not affirm in clear terms the total depravity of man and the necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit. This caused him to make a protest, eventually leading to the Lutheran church discharging Kohlbrugge. Afterwards Kohlbrugge tried to enroll in the
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has been perished; no power to resist the world and its indignity; and there where I was without power I have experienced that the Lord is the power of all his people ... I have never been strong but in the Lord. Glad I have never been, but in the gladness of the Lord.
305:: sanctification becomes in the first place an acknowledgement that we are sinners and that we need Christ. This theology, he claimed, is exactly what Paul, Luther, and Calvin preached and what can be found in his beloved Heidelberg Catechismus. A commentator wrote:
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In 1833, during the preparation of one of his sermons in Elberfeld, Germany, Kohlbrugge stumbled upon Romans 7:14 where Paul states: "For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin". Suddenly the second comma struck him:
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1857, the Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church decided to allow foreign pastors to preach in domestic churches at the invitation of local congregations. The synodical decision allowed Kohlbrugge legally to preach again in the Netherlands.
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Like Luther and Calvin Kohlbrugge preached the total depravity of human nature. Even our most holy works and our deepest piety are stained with sin and self-righteousness. One of the most essential parts of
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240:(South Church) in Amsterdam. For Kohlbrugge this felt as a rehabilitation. Although only a few hundred visitors were expected more than 3000 people came to the church to listen to him.
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that the consolation of justification is received by the believer every time he puts faith in Christ. This emphasis we find also in the writings of Kohlbrugge.
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Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge grew up in Amsterdam. His father was a native German and he and his family attended the Restored Evangelical Lutheran Church in
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Kohlbrugge died in 1875 in Eberfeld. One of the sayings of Kohlbrugge recorded on his deathbed was, “My dear children, hold fast to the simple
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and Kutter has that curious tone of paradoxical certainty, which feels so beneficial to us in Luther." The German theologian
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Nowadays Kohlbrugge's sermons are widely read and admired by a wide range of Protestants: by modern puritans and pietists.
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For Kohlbrugge this meant that he had to give up all efforts to save himself. He cast himself into God's gracious arms.
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Kohlbrugge wrote no large dogmatic or exegetical works. His theology is to be found in his sermons (leerredenen).
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didn't want to spend more time on "the strange thoughts of this man". Kohlbrugge's friend the poet and historian
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is the admission of our inability. In Kohlbrugge's theology the sanctification of the sinner always rests in the
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without being a member of any denomination; but he wrote books and had church services of his own in his house.
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Karl Barth, inspiratie en vertolking: inleidingen, essays, briefwisseling. Verzameld werk, deel 2
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Groot, K. (1956). "Kohlbrugges Moelijke Weg naar de Kansel van de Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk".
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Kleiner Katechismus, oder kurzgefasste Form der Lehre nach dem Heidelberger Katechismus
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The true rehabilitation of Kohlbrugge's thought came in the twentieth century. In the
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and refusing God's law and the sanctification of the believer. The German theologian
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and reformed theologian. He was considered by many theologians like Karl Barth and
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Frank Reiniger (1992). "KohlbrĂĽgge, Hermann Friedrich". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
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Biografisch lexicon voor de geschiedenis van het Nederlands protestantisme
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Kohlbrugge excelled at school and was allowed to the study of Arts at the
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The result of all human efforts is, according to Kohlbrugge, unbelief:
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600:"Dr. H. F. Kohlbrugge (1803-1875) Preacher of God's Free Grace (1)"
459:"In: Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1803-75): Comforter of Mourners"
440:"Dr. H. F. Kohlbrugge (1803-1875) Preacher of God's Free Grace (1)"
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This view became a guiding principle for Kohlbrugge's theology.
740:"Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1803-75): Comforter of Mourners"
562:"Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1803-75): Comforter of Mourners"
788:(in German). Vol. 4. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 300–305.
713:"Kohlbrugge: Echte verlorenheid weet van geen waardigheid"
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as one of the greatest theologians of the 19th century.
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162:. Kohlbrugge's mother belonged originally to the
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182:. Kohlbrugge eventually graduated and wrote a
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532:De Wet bevestigd, Leerrede over Romeinen 7:14
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642:. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 628.
348:, accused him unjustly in an open letter of
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695:"Een verfrommeld portret van Kohlbrugge"
497:Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis
484:. Vol. 2. Kampen: Kok. p. 286.
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545:Kohlbrugge, Hermann Friedrich (2009).
530:Kohlbrugge, Hermann Friedrich (2009).
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409:Hermann Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1886).
196:Later he wrote about his conversion:
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314:Kohlbrugge's theology was strictly
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759:"Nieuwe aandacht voor Kohlbrugge"
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133:) was a Dutch (German father)
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619:"De prediking van Kohlbrugge"
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91:Hermann Friedrich KohlbrĂĽgge
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363:Twentieth century and later
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270:'comma-sermon') he said:
206:Kohlbrugge and the church
110:Hebe Charlotte Kohlbrugge
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476:Venemans, B. A. (1983).
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678:Miskotte, K.H. (1987).
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717:Reformatorisch Dagblad
682:. Kampen. p. 430.
877:Clergy from Amsterdam
549:. De Groot Goudriaan.
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213:Dutch Reformed Church
176:University of Utrecht
164:Dutch Reformed Church
158:, a secession of the
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187:living faith.” But:
170:Study and conversion
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566:The Banner of Truth
463:The Banner of Truth
415:. Könker. pp.
390:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
380:'s mighty talent".
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560:de Vries, Pieter.
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847:(in Dutch)
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