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had made injecting heroin with unclean needles increasingly risky. Available heroin had become more pure, and snorting became a more common mode of heroin use. These changes decreased the stigma surrounding the drug, allowing heroin to find a new market among the middle-class and the wealthy, in
123:, who some call the "first supermodel" is remembered for being the origin of the heroin chic trend. Heroin infiltrated pop culture through attention brought to addictions in the early 1990s. In film, the heroin chic trend in fashion coincided with a string of films throughout the 1990s—such as
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states that "...heroin had blighted the scene ever since its inception in the mid-80s" and he argues that the "...involvement of heroin mirrors the self-hating, nihilistic aspect to the music"; in addition to the heroin deaths, Jonze points out that
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to socialize and "...celebrate good times", in the 1990s grunge scene, the "depressant" heroin was used to "retreat" into a "cocoon" and be "...sheltered from a harsh and unforgiving world which offered...few prospects for...change or hope."
174:
music and subculture in
Seattle brought media attention to the use of heroin by prominent grunge artists. In the 1990s, the media focused on the use of heroin by musicians in the Seattle grunge scene, with a 1992
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magazine that "There is no reason to expect that people attracted to the look promoted by Calvin Klein and other advertisers... will also be attracted to heroin, any more than suburban teen-agers who wear
319:." After his death, Sorrenti's mother, Francesca Sorrenti, led a public campaign against the use of heroin in fashion, after which the promotion of heroin chic subsided. In 1999,
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had a song "God Smack", which included the line "stick your arm for some real fun", a reference to injecting heroin. Seattle grunge musicians known to use heroin included
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emerged, the popular image of heroin was changing for several reasons. The price of heroin had decreased, and its purity had increased dramatically. In the 1980s, the
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condemned the look, calling it "destructive" and a "glorification of heroin". Other commentators denied that fashion images made drug use itself more attractive.
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212:"...all had their run-ins with the drug, but lived to tell the tale." A 2014 book stated that whereas in the 1980s, people used the "stimulant"
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and heroin" and a 1996 article calling
Seattle's grunge scene the "...subculture that has most strongly embraced heroin". Tim Jonze from
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described
Sorrenti's death as "like a small bomb going off", extinguishing public denial of heroin use in the fashion world. The term
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628:"Mike Starr and the deadliest musical genre Another grunge star has died young. Tim Jonze asks: is it the most lethal genre?"
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Heroin chic fashion drew much criticism and scorn, especially from anti-drug groups. Fashion designers, models such as
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The trend eventually faded, in part due to the heroin-related death of prominent fashion photographer
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is remembered for being the originator of the trend. Heroin chic was partly a reaction against the
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Drugs in
American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture. and the Law
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contributed to the development of the image through his Calvin Klein fashion shoots.
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The
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.
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760:"'Heroin chic' and the tangled legacy of photographer Davide Sorrenti"
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of Alice in Chains who publicly detailed his battles with heroin...".
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329:"The Return of the Sexy Model" and the end of the heroin chic era.
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also died from heroin. After Cobain's death, his "...widow, singer
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were blamed for glamorizing heroin use. Then-U.S. president
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Substance Use & Abuse: Cultural and
Historical Perspectives
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who died of an overdose of the same opiate in 1992, along with
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contrast to its previous base of the poor and marginalized.
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article listing the city's "three principal drugs" as "
532:"Gia: The tragic tale of the world's first supermodel"
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and stringy hair—all traits associated with abuse of
674:. The Seattle Times. April 20, 1994. Archived from
76:and vibrant look of leading 1980s models such as
672:"'Seattle Scene' And Heroin Use: How Bad Is It?"
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650:
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311:itself was coined at Sorrenti's wake by editor
786:"Celebrity Central: Gisele Bundchen biography"
8:
153:—that examined heroin use and drug culture.
605:"'Rock 'n' Horse: Rock's Heroin Connection"
276:, emaciated look was the basis of the 1993
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552:. Johns Hopkins University Press (2006),
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98:vision of beauty" that was reflective of
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94:stated that the fashion industry had "a
654:Marion, Nancy E and Oliver, Willard M.
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7:
439:"The Model Who Invented Heroin Chic"
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167:In the early 1990s, the rise of the
68:or other drugs. American supermodel
504:Durrant, Russil & Jo Thakker.
14:
574:Marin, Rick (November 15, 1992).
19:For the My Dying Bride song, see
16:Drug-abuse-inspired fashion style
699:special on the Biography channel
470:Givhan, Robin (August 8, 1996).
384:
372:shooting people from moving cars
110:At the time during which heroin
44:is a style popularized in early-
758:Helmore, Edward (24 May 2019).
713:""Obsession" from Calvin Klein"
603:Dasein, Deena (December 1996).
236:overdosed on heroin in 1990"; "
743:Reason Magazine (May 23, 1997)
1:
368:baggy pants and backward caps
788:. People.com. Archived from
626:Jonze, Tim (10 March 2011).
530:Vallely, Paul (2005-09-10).
508:. Sage Publications (2003),
472:"Why Dole Frowns On Fashion"
325:dubbed Brazilian supermodel
437:Nash, Alanna (1997-09-07).
292:. Film director and actor
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658:. ABC-CLIO, 2014 . p. 888.
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18:
865:Heroin in popular culture
576:"Grunge: A Success Story"
550:Women under the Influence
741:"Victims of Everything."
88:. A 1996 article in the
607:. Perfect Sound Forever
252:of Alice in Chains and
719:Retrieved 2018-12-31.
333:Criticism and analysis
126:The Basketball Diaries
38:
860:1990s fads and trends
345:, and movies such as
258:The Smashing Pumpkins
56:underneath the eyes,
48:and characterized by
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303:in 1997. Journalist
220:Leading grunge band
194:Stone Temple Pilots
835:Fashion aesthetics
580:The New York Times
443:The New York Times
415:The Heroine Sheiks
144:Permanent Midnight
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21:34.788%...Complete
784:Gisele Bündchen.
711:(July 14, 2011).
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91:Los Angeles Times
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855:1990s neologisms
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815:World Wide Words
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811:"Heroin chic"
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313:Ingrid Sischy
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850:Drug culture
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794:. Retrieved
790:the original
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767:. Retrieved
764:The Guardian
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697:Calvin Klein
692:
680:. Retrieved
676:the original
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635:. Retrieved
632:The Guardian
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621:
609:. Retrieved
583:. Retrieved
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536:the original
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481:. Retrieved
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454:. Retrieved
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392:1990s portal
370:will end up
360:
357:Jacob Sullum
353:Bill Clinton
347:
336:
320:
316:
308:
305:Amy Spindler
298:
282:Calvin Klein
280:campaign of
271:
246:Layne Staley
242:7 Year Bitch
219:
206:Mark Lanegan
189:The Guardian
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176:
166:
150:Pulp Fiction
148:
142:
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130:
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109:
89:
54:dark circles
41:
40:
35:Calvin Klein
709:Paul Devlin
682:January 29,
611:January 29,
585:January 29,
410:Soft grunge
405:Kinderwhore
317:heroin chic
309:heroin chic
278:advertising
230:Andrew Wood
226:Kurt Cobain
121:Gia Carangi
70:Gia Carangi
42:Heroin chic
33:in a 1990s
829:Categories
796:2011-03-07
637:6 February
456:2020-08-24
421:References
343:Jaime King
288:featuring
250:Mike Starr
210:Evan Dando
106:Background
96:nihilistic
60:features,
483:August 1,
451:0362-4331
359:wrote in
339:Kate Moss
290:Kate Moss
286:Obsession
62:androgyny
58:emaciated
50:pale skin
31:Kate Moss
378:See also
181:espresso
769:17 July
725:YouTube
274:waifish
214:cocaine
74:healthy
560:
516:
449:
362:Reason
169:grunge
163:Grunge
157:Grunge
147:, and
84:, and
66:heroin
721:Video
322:Vogue
272:This
256:from
771:2022
684:2017
639:2017
613:2017
587:2017
558:ISBN
514:ISBN
485:2018
447:ISSN
341:and
208:and
185:beer
138:Kids
112:chic
723:on
554:p98
510:p87
374:."
240:of
232:of
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429:^
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