465:, a relative newcomer to the kingdom, was widely disliked by the nobility. It was agreed that Sibylla would be crowned only after she had divorced Guy; in return she insisted on choosing her new husband for herself, with the understanding that the husband she chose would become king. Heraclius crowned her. To the astonishment of the assembled nobility she took the crown and placed it on Guy's head, with the words (as given by Roger of Howden), "I choose you as king, and my lord, and lord of the land of Jerusalem, because those whom God has joined no man must separate." No one dared to object, and Heraclius anointed Guy King of Jerusalem.
409:(but both turned him down) and to any other prince he came across. Ralph claimed that Heraclius's enormous retinue and opulent dress offended the sensibilities of many westerners, who felt they were not befitting a patriarch; surely if the east was so wealthy, no help was needed from the west. It may be, however, that he was unprepared for the Byzantine style of dress favoured by the court of Jerusalem since
479:
165:
36:
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He and Balian had organised, and contributed to, a collection of 30,000 bezants to ransom the poorer citizens. This paid the ransoms for about 18,000 people, but another 15,000 people still needed to be paid for. Heraclius and Balian offered themselves as hostages in exchange for them, but
Saladin
589:
on
October 2. It was Heraclius who advised Balian to come to terms rather than fight to the death, which, he argued, would condemn the city's women and children to slavery and forced conversion. Heraclius helped Balian negotiate the surrender with Saladin, who allowed him and most of the other
304:, Heraclius is often seen as a particularly corrupt and worldly choice for patriarch. He was accused of getting the appointment through being Agnes's lover, which may reflect nothing more than the ill-will of his defeated opponent's party. He lived openly with a draper's widow from
324:'s help in Rome, and arranged for him to be poisoned there, is demonstrably false. No Western chroniclers noted what would (if true) have been a major ecclesiastical scandal. William did not die until 1185 or 1186, and was carrying out his duties as Archbishop to the end.
372:
and it was agreed to send both men and money to the Holy Land. This did not satisfy
Heraclius, who had hoped to take back with him either Henry himself or one of his sons. Henry had promised to go on crusade years before after the murder of
843:
257:
before 1168, where he first appears as magister
Heraclius, witnessing patriarchal deeds. He was appointed archdeacon of Jerusalem in 1169. In this capacity he tried unsuccessfully to persuade
848:
570:"Pope Urban, who was at Ferrara, died of grief when he heard the news". In the letter, he said that, without external aid, both Jerusalem and Tyre would fall within six months.
594:
refused, and so these remaining citizens were enslaved. The two men led the last party of refugees from the city at the end of the 40-day ransom period (mid-late
November).
356:, along with other memorabilia. The mission visited Italy (Arnold of Torroja died at Verona), then France and England. Here they had several meetings with
348:, travelled to Europe to seek help in solving the looming succession crisis in the kingdom. They carried with them the keys of the city of Jerusalem, the
414:
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186:
53:
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claimed that
Heraclius stripped the gold reliquaries from the churches on the Temple Mount, and carried away cartloads of treasure with him.
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in London, the
English headquarters of the Knights Templar; for which act he is perhaps best remembered in England today. The chronicler
853:
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invaded the kingdom, and when Guy marched out to meet him, he asked
Heraclius to march along with him at the head of the army with the
293:, Lady of Sidon, and her ladies, according to the precedent of the previous election in 1157. Agnes and her committee chose Heraclius.
100:
526:
212:
119:
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308:, Pasque de Riveri, who was referred to as "Madame la Patriarchesse", by whom he had at least one daughter. However, clerical
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in 1179. In 1180, William considered himself the most likely candidate for the patriarchate of
Jerusalem, but the king,
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690:, he is an entirely cowardly and bigoted figure. In the Director's Cut, Baldwin IV is even depicted as refusing the
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to lead the defence of the city against
Saladin. He ordered the stripping of the silver from the edicule in the
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368:). The king then accompanied the mission to France, where a further meeting was held in early May 1185 with
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on July 4, capturing the king. Heraclius' report of the battle and its immediate aftermath, addressed to
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To date, the fictional representations of Heraclius are all derived from the negative portrayal in the
745:
Peter W. Edbury, "Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: The Background to Hattin", in
266:
254:
364:, afterwards at London (consecrating the church at the new Hospitallers' priory and headquarters at
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433:, were more impressed by the Patriarch's spiritual qualities, describing him in phrases such as "
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late in 1185. Baldwin IV had meanwhile died and had been succeeded as King by his young nephew,
273:, although the Pope praised him for his presentation of the case. By 1175 he was archbishop of
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Because most of information about Heraclius comes from his rival William and the 13th-century
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took his place. Despite the relic, Saladin inflicted a crippling defeat on them at the
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461:. The boy king died in summer 1186. The heir was his mother Sibylla, but her husband,
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772:
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Outremer: Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem presented to
377:; Heraclius reminded him of the vow and declared him and his children to be of the
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to strike coins with which to pay the city's defenders. But Jerusalem was finally
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reports that on this mission Eraclius offered the kingship of Jerusalem to
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The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation
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12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
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William in 1183, forcing him to leave the kingdom to seek the
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After the capture of Jerusalem, Heraclius sought refuge in
776:, ed. B. Z. Kedar, H. E. Mayer, and R. C. Smail, 1982.
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was hardly rare in the 12th century. The claim in the
281:). As archbishops, Heraclius and William attended the
608:, together with the queen. He then took part in the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
849:12th-century people from the Kingdom of Jerusalem
747:Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria
8:
507:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
193:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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626:Old French Continuation of William of Tyre
300:of his chronicle, sometimes attributed to
245:: his contemporaries and friends included
527:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
705:
289:, delegated the choice to his mother
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590:Christians leave the city unharmed.
505:adding citations to reliable sources
191:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
381:when Henry chose to stay at home.
25:
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34:
769:, "The Patriarch Eraclius", in
332:In 1184, Heraclius, along with
233:, France. Like his later rival
45:needs additional citations for
761:The Leper King & His Heirs
443:vitae sanctitatae non inferior
1:
859:Latin archbishops of Caesarea
839:Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
749:, ed. Maya Shatzmiller, 1993.
563:, survives; according to the
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793:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
616:in the winter of 1190–1191.
583:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
551:. As Heraclius was ill, the
389:While in England, Heraclius
149:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
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854:12th-century French clergy
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790:
782:
714:De instructione principis
277:(while William served as
27:Roman Catholic archbishop
630:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
69:"Heraclius of Jerusalem"
599:Imad al-Din al-Isfahani
314:Old French Continuation
298:Old French Continuation
225:Heraclius was from the
155:Origin and early career
668:Knights of Dark Renown
453:Heraclius returned to
435:vir sanctus et prudens
344:, Grand Master of the
336:, Grand Master of the
145:archbishop of Caesarea
660:The Wandering Unicorn
640:Zofia Kossak-Szczucka
417:. Other chroniclers,
283:Third Lateran Council
243:University of Bologna
143:1128 – 1190/91), was
18:Heraclius of Caesarea
652:Manuel Mujica Láinez
597:Saladin's secretary
587:forced to capitulate
501:improve this section
469:Defense of Jerusalem
255:Kingdom of Jerusalem
253:. He arrived in the
187:improve this section
54:improve this article
684:in the 2005 movie
407:Henry II of England
403:Philip II of France
338:Knights Hospitaller
271:Knights Hospitaller
263:Gilbert d'Aissailly
807:Title next held by
759:Bernard Hamilton,
677:The Knight Templar
291:Agnes of Courtenay
279:archbishop of Tyre
259:Pope Alexander III
247:Stephen of Tournai
817:
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804:Vacant until 1194
767:Benjamin Z. Kedar
756:. Ashgate, 1996.
752:Peter W. Edbury,
712:Gerald of Wales,
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342:Arnold of Torroja
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648:The Leper King
644:Król trędowaty
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561:Pope Urban III
553:bishop of Acre
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350:Holy Sepulchre
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318:excommunicated
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773:Joshua Prawer
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565:Chronicle of
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486:This section
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415:Maria Comnena
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395:Temple Church
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375:Thomas Becket
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360:initially at
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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31:
19:
834:1190s deaths
829:1120s births
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656:El unicornio
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499:Please help
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267:Grand Master
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185:Please help
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
672:Jan Guillou
439:vir sanctus
399:Ralph Niger
391:consecrated
366:Clerkenwell
310:concubinage
237:he studied
864:True Cross
823:Categories
696:from him.
549:True Cross
517:March 2021
287:Baldwin IV
203:March 2021
110:March 2021
80:newspapers
730:Chronicle
682:Jon Finch
575:Jerusalem
539:In 1187,
488:does not
459:Baldwin V
455:Jerusalem
411:Amalric I
370:Philip II
174:does not
133:Heraclius
716:2.24–28.
693:viaticum
358:Henry II
352:and the
316:that he
275:Caesarea
231:Auvergne
227:GĂ©vaudan
137:Eraclius
740:Sources
620:Fiction
606:Antioch
547:of the
541:Saladin
509:removed
494:sources
441:" and "
385:England
362:Reading
269:of the
251:Gratian
241:at the
195:removed
180:sources
94:scholar
801:Vacant
763:, 2000
628:: see
567:Ernoul
449:Return
431:Rigord
340:, and
328:Travel
306:Nablus
302:Ernoul
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
700:Notes
545:relic
379:devil
101:JSTOR
87:books
670:and
492:any
490:cite
437:", "
429:and
405:and
393:the
322:Pope
249:and
178:any
176:cite
147:and
73:news
674:'s
666:'s
662:),
654:'s
650:),
642:'s
632:'s
573:In
503:by
445:".
265:as
239:law
229:in
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135:or
56:by
825::
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425:,
421:,
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141:c.
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