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government, which established these memorials, emphasized Baum's allegiance to
Communism, other historians (as well as veterans of the group) have noted his group's multiple political and cultural influences and the significance of the Baum group as an example of Jewish resistance to Nazism.
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on August 18, 1942. Listing of some of the Baum Group's members with their dates of birth and death; they were all executed in Berlin-Plötzensee on March 4, 1943: Heinz
Rotholz (1922–1943), Heinz Birnbaum (1920–1943), Hella Hirsch (1921–1943), Hanni Meyer (1921–1943),
345:. The attack was only partially successful and, within days, a large number of the group's members were arrested and 20 were sentenced to death. Baum and his wife Marianne were arrested on May 22. Herbert Baum was tortured to death in
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Siegbert Rotholz (1922–1943). There is some disagreement as to the manner of death of at least one of the members. Helmut Neumann was either hanged or decapitated.
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in Berlin commemorating the
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when he was young. After he graduated from secondary school there, he began an apprenticeship as an electrician, which became his profession.
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Prison, dying on June 11, 1942. The
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Cox, John M., "The
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was a leftist organization (or network of small groups) that included socialists,
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Circles of resistance: Jewish, leftist, and youth dissidence in Nazi
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was erected in 1981 memorializing the 1942 attack. While the
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The human tradition in modern Europe, 1750 to the present
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284:After the
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