3770:
156:
3758:
128:
1153:
3746:
507:
The climate in New
Zealand was similar to nowadays (temperate) and may have been subject to periodic droughts. Summer season (December to February) had average daytime temperatures between 20 and 25 °C (68 and 77 °F) and a humidity around 80%. Winter season (June to August) had average
458:
The largest known species of
Psittaciformes, which comprises the modern parrots and cockatoos, it is estimated to have been around one meter in height, with a body mass of seven kilograms, and presumed to have been flightless, terrestrial and perhaps arboreal.
406:(leg bones), a left one and a right one, probably from the same individual, that were discovered in 2008. The left bone was nominated as the holotype. The fossils were originally presumed to be from an eagle, but were re-inspected after a PhD student at
323:, New Zealand. It is believed that the species stood up to 90 cm (2 ft 11 in) tall and weighed approximately 7 kg (15 lb). Initial analysis suggests that this parrot is from the order Psittaciformes and from the superfamily
463:
has been observed in other orders of birds, especially in New
Zealand and Fiji, but this species exceeds the proportions of any extant or fossil species of the parrot order. The previously known record for size was the arboreal and nocturnal
494:
system, in wet forest dominated by cycad, palm and casuarina species, along with a diverse array of other avian fauna. The species appears to have occupied a niche in the region's ecology, unfilled by mammals, that favoured the
516:
The tibia fossils were discovered in a trench excavation of the foot of hills 50 meters east from the river bank of the
Manuherikia River in Home Hills Station, Otago, NZ. These fossils were collected on 14 January in 2008.
489:
is the longest evidence obtained at the site, which rarely produces fossil longer than 100 millimeters. The time of deposition is determined as sixteen to nineteen million years ago, in an area associated with a freshwater
372:
is the largest parrot known to have existed. Media releases described the new species as the "Hercules parrot" and reported the nickname given by the palaeontologist
761:
396:, R. Paul Scofield and Vanesa L. De Pietri. Alan Tennyson's and Te Papa's key role in this discovery was later acknowledged in a correction published in 2021.
2041:
699:
352:
The species was likely flightless, and its robust beak could crack open more than the conventional parrot foods of fruit, nuts, and berries. Like the
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282:
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The fossilised tarsi were deposited in a rich and mixed assemblage of animal remains, including other large species of
360:
may have used its strong beak to climb trees. It shared its environment with five other species of parrot in the genus
315:
approximately 16 to 19 million years ago. The species was described from two tibiotarsus fossils discovered in 2008 at
3736:
1984:
1058:
705:
435:
to describe their astonishment at the unexpected discovery of an enormous parrot-like bird from the
Miocene epoch.
2027:
1825:
155:
1837:
1404:
1392:
1943:
3872:
594:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael; Scofield, R. Paul; De Pietri, Vanesa L. (August 2019).
438:
The etymology of the nickname "Squawkzilla" is a portmanteau of the words "squawk", an onomatopoeic word for
431:, who also slew all of his sons, save for Nestor. The authors distinguished the new species with the epithet
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1457:
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1955:
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1996:
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1022:
255:
2257:
384:
The description of a new species and genus was published in 2019, emerging from research undertaken by
534:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael; Scofield, R. Paul; De Pietri, Vanesa L. (2019).
3818:
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daytime temperatures ranging from 12 to 16 °C (54 to 61 °F) and a humidity around 67%.
150:
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2250:
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2019:
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1658:
1602:
701:
Meet the 'Hercules parrot' from prehistoric New
Zealand – the biggest ever discovered
419:
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274:
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3015:
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2118:
1879:
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1469:
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389:
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3481:
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2924:
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2193:
1685:
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1307:
410:
noted that the bone morphology was significantly different from typical eagles.
403:
302:
53:
41:
17:
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3644:
3594:
3495:
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2613:
2428:
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2220:
2149:
2127:
1933:
1481:
1409:
822:
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and an eagle, the bones of which are usually fragmented. The type material of
278:
98:
63:
1348:
681:
621:
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3617:
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3523:
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2315:
1619:
1319:
1046:
167:
103:
47:
1094:
1005:
942:
639:
612:
571:
552:
446:", a suffix denoting large size, derived from the fictional giant creature
3803:
3637:
3488:
3433:
3345:
3209:
3001:
2907:
2768:
2643:
2589:
2070:
1842:
447:
428:
187:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
3836:
660:"The Miocene climate in New Zealand: Estimates from paleobotanical data"
3867:
3245:
3027:
2959:
2866:
2838:
2622:
2374:
1135:
739:
721:"The Largest Parrot That Ever Lived Has Been Discovered in New Zealand"
423:, also found in the St Bathan Fauna, which referred to a mythical king
312:
108:
83:
3317:
3037:
2859:
2727:
2064:
1082:
810:
482:
443:
424:
207:
177:
3780:
596:"Evidence for a giant parrot from the Early Miocene of New Zealand"
536:"Evidence for a giant parrot from the early Miocene of New Zealand"
2811:
2076:
320:
3823:
672:
659:
327:, which consists of three confirmed primitive genera of parrots:
1800:
1263:
474:
197:
3784:
2484:
2101:
2023:
743:
1810:
1353:
478:
3734:
499:
exhibited by some other avian species of the region.
3670:
3660:
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3094:
3070:
3060:
2913:
2712:
2571:
2561:
2529:
2506:
2416:
2385:
2354:
2302:
2231:
2216:
2160:
2115:
3793:
3627:
3593:
3573:
3564:
3544:
3457:
3423:
3414:
3390:
3244:
3217:
3208:
3174:
3165:
3141:
3121:
3112:
3051:
3025:
2883:
2821:
2778:
2726:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2612:
2603:
2552:
2543:
2520:
2497:
2452:
2415:
2384:
2353:
2301:
2274:
2230:
2203:
2159:
2114:
1755:
1635:
1509:
1284:
1160:
777:
364:, as well as dozens of other bird species in the
2035:
755:
8:
2005:
1988:
1976:
1959:
1947:
1905:
1883:
1846:
1829:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1743:
1731:
1709:
1672:
1650:
1623:
1611:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1553:
1536:
1524:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1272:
1255:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
997:
985:
963:
951:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
3781:
3570:
3420:
3214:
3171:
3118:
2732:
2700:
2691:
2609:
2549:
2494:
2481:
2209:
2111:
2098:
2042:
2028:
2020:
762:
748:
740:
417:alludes to the earlier naming of a genus,
126:
31:
671:
629:
611:
561:
551:
3741:
526:
345:. It may have been the ancestor of the
301:is a giant fossil parrot species from
413:The etymology of the generic epithet
7:
3873:E616B9CA-2EC3-4A04-8EF3-420FBD1AEC12
653:
651:
649:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
470:, the kākāpō of modern New Zealand.
402:was described from two incomplete
25:
3768:
3756:
3744:
1914:North Island little spotted kiwi
1151:
427:who was slain by the Greek hero
305:, assigned to a monotypic genus
154:
1865:North Island stout-legged wren
1860:South Island stout-legged wren
311:, that lived during the early
1:
3896:Fossil taxa described in 2019
719:Krakow, Morgan (2019-08-08).
3926:Endemic birds of New Zealand
3911:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
3901:Extinct birds of New Zealand
3942:
1985:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1059:South Island oystercatcher
664:Palaeontologia Electronica
2735:
2493:
2480:
2212:
2110:
2097:
2059:
1826:Auckland Island merganser
1149:
261:
254:
151:Scientific classification
149:
134:
125:
34:
2054:and their extinct allies
1838:Chatham Island merganser
1405:Northern royal albatross
1393:New Zealand storm petrel
339:(Kākāpō) and the fossil
3847:st-bathans-giant-parrot
1458:South Island saddleback
1446:North Island saddleback
1422:Orange-fronted parakeet
1194:North Island brown kiwi
27:Extinct species of bird
3906:Fossils of New Zealand
2006:
1989:
1977:
1960:
1948:
1906:
1884:
1847:
1830:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1744:
1732:
1710:
1673:
1651:
1624:
1612:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1554:
1537:
1525:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1369:New Zealand fairy tern
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1273:
1256:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1100:Variable oystercatcher
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
998:
986:
964:
952:
935:
923:
911:
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
613:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0467
553:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0467
3855:Paleobiology Database
3795:Heracles inexpectatus
1997:New Zealand musk duck
1944:Scarlett's shearwater
1821:South Island adzebill
1816:North Island adzebill
1706:Erect-crested penguin
1550:Chatham oystercatcher
1381:New Zealand king shag
1023:New Zealand rock wren
487:Heracles inexpectatus
440:the sound of a parrot
400:Heracles inexpectatus
370:Heracles inexpectatus
298:Heracles inexpectatus
268:Heracles inexpectatus
36:Heracles inexpectatus
1647:Antipodean albatross
1637:Subantarctic islands
960:New Zealand dotterel
859:Double-banded plover
771:Birds of New Zealand
467:Strigops habroptilus
247:H. inexpectatus
135:Life restoration of
2143:Eurofluvioviridavis
1956:North Island takahē
1831:rakiraki maungahuka
1777:New Zealand bittern
1765:South Island piopio
1718:Reischek's parakeet
1364:South Island kōkako
1359:North Island kōkako
1247:South Island takahē
1230:Yellow-eyed penguin
1218:Southern brown kiwi
1182:Little spotted kiwi
726:The Washington Post
408:Flinders University
2173:Eofringillirostrum
1924:South Island snipe
1919:North Island snipe
1740:Subantarctic snipe
1691:Campbell albatross
1681:Antipodes parakeet
1625:kawau o rangihaute
1296:Black-fronted tern
1170:Great spotted kiwi
1112:White-fronted tern
977:North Island robin
972:South Island robin
931:Long-tailed cuckoo
871:New Zealand falcon
376:of "Squawkzilla".
3883:
3882:
3787:Taxon identifiers
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3540:
3539:
3410:
3409:
3235:Psittaculirostris
3161:
3160:
3108:
3107:
3047:
3046:
2681:
2680:
2599:
2598:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2297:
2296:
2258:Primozygodactylus
2017:
2016:
1968:New Zealand goose
1789:New Zealand quail
1533:Chatham albatross
1252:Fiordland penguin
994:Paradise shelduck
982:New Zealand scaup
919:Sacred kingfisher
907:Grey-faced petrel
799:Black-billed gull
658:Pole, MS (2014).
497:insular gigantism
294:
293:
235:
139:comparison to an
16:(Redirected from
3933:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3827:
3826:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3782:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3571:
3531:Purpureicephalus
3421:
3215:
3172:
3119:
3114:Psittrichasiidae
3096:
3072:
3062:
2915:
2733:
2717:Archaeopsittacus
2714:
2701:
2692:
2610:
2573:
2563:
2550:
2531:
2511:Mogontiacopsitta
2508:
2495:
2482:
2418:
2387:
2356:
2304:
2233:
2218:
2210:
2162:
2117:
2112:
2104:Psittacopasseres
2099:
2089:Psittacopasseres
2083:Eufalconimorphae
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2009:
2002:New Zealand swan
1992:
1980:
1963:
1951:
1909:
1887:
1855:Long-billed wren
1850:
1833:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1747:
1735:
1713:
1676:
1654:
1627:
1615:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:Chatham parakeet
1557:
1545:Chatham gerygone
1540:
1528:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1276:
1259:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1001:
989:
967:
955:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
835:Buff-banded rail
830:
818:
806:
794:
764:
757:
750:
741:
736:
734:
733:
715:
714:
713:
706:The Conversation
686:
685:
675:
655:
644:
643:
633:
615:
591:
576:
575:
565:
555:
531:
461:Island gigantism
366:St Bathans Fauna
333:(Kea and Kākā),
270:
266:
226:
219:
159:
158:
130:
120:
50:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3733:
3708:
3623:
3589:
3560:
3536:
3453:
3406:
3386:
3240:
3204:
3157:
3137:
3104:
3043:
3021:
2879:
2817:
2781:Amoropsittacini
2774:
2722:
2677:
2637:Calyptorhynchus
2595:
2539:
2516:
2489:
2468:
2448:
2411:
2398:Palaeopsittacus
2389:Quercypsittidae
2380:
2358:Messelasturidae
2349:
2306:Halcyornithidae
2293:
2270:
2226:
2199:
2180:Parapsittacopes
2164:Psittacopedidae
2155:
2106:
2093:
2055:
2048:
2018:
2013:
1897:Waitaha penguin
1892:Chatham penguin
1757:
1751:
1639:
1631:
1513:
1511:Chatham Islands
1505:
1434:Red-billed gull
1427:kākāriki karaka
1288:
1286:
1280:
1162:
1156:
1147:
779:
773:
768:
731:
729:
718:
711:
709:
698:
695:
690:
689:
657:
656:
647:
606:(8): 20190467.
600:Biology Letters
593:
592:
579:
540:Biology Letters
533:
532:
528:
523:
514:
505:
456:
382:
290:
272:
264:
263:
250:
225:
217:
153:
137:H. inexpectatus
121:
119:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
45:
44:
38:
28:
23:
22:
18:Hercules parrot
15:
12:
11:
5:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3921:Psittaciformes
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3841:
3828:
3815:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3675:Necropsittacus
3668:
3658:
3655:Lophopsittacus
3648:
3641:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3577:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3548:
3546:Psittacellinae
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3394:
3392:Melopsittacini
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3311:Hypocharmosyna
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3283:Charmosynopsis
3279:
3276:Charmosynoides
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3192:Bolbopsittacus
3188:
3180:
3178:
3176:Agapornithinae
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3068:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2846:Graydidascalus
2842:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2755:Hapalopsittaca
2751:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2707:
2705:incertae sedis
2698:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2569:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2503:
2501:
2499:Incertae sedis
2491:
2490:
2487:Psittaciformes
2485:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2454:Psittaciformes
2450:
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2439:
2432:
2424:
2422:
2413:
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2410:
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2330:Pseudasturides
2326:
2319:
2311:
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2299:
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2290:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2244:Eozygodactylus
2239:
2237:
2235:Zygodactylidae
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2121:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2094:
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2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1939:Imber's petrel
1936:
1931:
1929:Forbes's snipe
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1902:Eyles' harrier
1899:
1894:
1889:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1840:
1835:
1823:
1818:
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1808:
1803:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1761:
1759:
1753:
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1750:
1749:
1737:
1728:Snares penguin
1725:
1720:
1715:
1711:tawaki nana hī
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1608:Magenta petrel
1605:
1600:
1588:
1579:Chatham pigeon
1576:
1567:Chatham petrel
1564:
1559:
1547:
1542:
1530:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1491:
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1148:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1035:Shining cuckoo
1032:
1020:
1008:
1003:
991:
979:
974:
969:
957:
945:
940:
928:
916:
904:
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868:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
783:
781:
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738:
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693:External links
691:
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208:Psittaciformes
205:
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13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3938:
3927:
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3916:Miocene birds
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
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3581:
3580:
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3575:Micropsittini
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Psittaculinae
3563:
3557:
3556:
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3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
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3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Platycercinae
3413:
3403:
3402:
3401:Melopsittacus
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:Trichoglossus
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:Oreopsittacus
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
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3298:
3294:
3292:
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3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3219:Cyclopsittini
3216:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Psittaculidae
3164:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:Rhynchopsitta
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2981:Orthopsittaca
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
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2968:
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2919:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:Anodorhynchus
2891:
2890:
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2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
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2840:
2836:
2834:
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2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2823:Androglossini
2820:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2798:Nannopsittaca
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:Bolborhynchus
2788:
2787:
2785:
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2777:
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2684:
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2673:
2669:
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2666:
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2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2638:
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2632:
2631:
2630:Callocephalon
2627:
2625:
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2611:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2591:
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2576:Nelepsittacus
2570:
2568:
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2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2522:Namapsittidae
2519:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2462:
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2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:Pulchrapollia
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2300:
2288:
2287:Passeriformes
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2276:Passeriformes
2273:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2187:Psittacomimus
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2152:
2151:
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2136:
2132:
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2113:
2109:
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2090:
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2026:
2025:
2022:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1973:Finsch's duck
1971:
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1966:
1962:
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1942:
1940:
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1806:Haast's eagle
1804:
1802:
1799:
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1775:
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1721:
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1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Campbell teal
1699:
1697:
1696:Campbell shag
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:tētē kākāriki
1670:
1669:Auckland teal
1667:
1665:
1664:Auckland shag
1662:
1660:
1659:Auckland rail
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
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1603:Chatham snipe
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
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1468:
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1428:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:endemic birds
1283:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:kiwi pukupuku
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1154:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
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1118:
1113:
1110:
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1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:pīpīwharauroa
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
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966:
961:
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949:
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932:
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917:
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829:
824:
821:
817:
812:
811:Brown creeper
809:
805:
800:
797:
793:
788:
785:
784:
782:
776:
772:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
745:
742:
728:
727:
722:
717:
707:
703:
702:
697:
696:
692:
683:
679:
674:
669:
665:
661:
654:
652:
650:
646:
641:
637:
632:
627:
623:
619:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
527:
520:
518:
511:
509:
502:
500:
498:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
468:
462:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
420:Nelepsittacus
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
391:
387:
386:Trevor Worthy
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:Nelepsittacus
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
343:
342:Nelepsittacus
338:
337:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
317:Saint Bathans
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
260:
257:
256:Binomial name
253:
249:
248:
242:
239:
238:
234:
230:
224:
223:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
157:
152:
148:
145:
143:
142:Nelepsittacus
138:
133:
129:
124:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3794:
3775:Paleontology
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3636:
3629:Psittaculini
3616:
3609:
3602:
3582:
3553:
3529:
3522:
3517:Psephotellus
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3475:Cyanoramphus
3473:
3466:
3459:Platycercini
3446:
3441:Neopsephotus
3439:
3432:
3399:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3353:Psitteuteles
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3325:Neopsittacus
3323:
3316:
3309:
3304:Glossoptilus
3302:
3297:Glossopsitta
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3255:Chalcopsitta
3253:
3233:
3226:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3150:
3143:Coracopsinae
3130:
3123:Coracopsinae
3097:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3065:Bavaripsitta
3063:
3036:
3016:Thectocercus
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2974:Ognorhynchus
2972:
2967:Leptosittaca
2965:
2958:
2951:
2946:Enicognathus
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2832:Alipiopsitta
2830:
2810:
2805:Psilopsiagon
2803:
2796:
2789:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2715:
2704:
2687:Psittacoidea
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2545:Strigopoidea
2532:
2509:
2498:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:Morsoravidae
2406:Quercypsitta
2404:
2396:
2373:
2366:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2265:Zygodactylus
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2219:
2205:Parapasseres
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2119:Vastanavidae
1880:Laughing owl
1875:Chatham kākā
1870:Lyall's wren
1723:Snares snipe
1591:Chatham shag
1470:Shore plover
1344:Foveaux shag
1269:Blue penguin
1206:Okarito kiwi
1071:Spotted shag
999:pūtangitangi
895:Grey warbler
730:. Retrieved
724:
710:, retrieved
708:, 2019-08-07
700:
673:10.26879/436
663:
603:
599:
543:
539:
529:
515:
512:Paleontology
506:
486:
477:such as the
472:
465:
457:
437:
433:inexpectatus
432:
418:
414:
412:
399:
398:
390:Suzanne Hand
383:
369:
361:
357:
351:
340:
334:
328:
325:Strigopoidea
307:
306:
297:
296:
295:
286:
267:
262:
246:
245:
228:
221:
220:
140:
136:
35:
29:
3763:New Zealand
3703:Tanygnathus
3682:Prioniturus
3611:Aprosmictus
3584:Micropsitta
3555:Psittacella
3503:Platycercus
3482:Eunymphicus
3339:Parvipsitta
3262:Charminetta
3228:Cyclopsitta
3152:Psittrichas
3082:Poicephalus
3053:Psittacinae
2939:Diopsittaca
2932:Cyanopsitta
2925:Cyanoliseus
2853:Pionopsitta
2696:Psittacidae
2665:Probosciger
2605:Cacatuoidea
2554:Strigopidae
2463:See below ↓
2436:Pumiliornis
2368:Messelastur
2194:Psittacopes
1990:ruru hinapō
1686:Bounty shag
1521:Black robin
1308:Black stilt
1141:ngutuparore
1105:tōrea pango
1016:tītipounamu
965:tūturiwhatu
840:moho-pererū
503:Environment
454:Description
394:Mike Archer
374:Mike Archer
303:New Zealand
46:19–16
42:Burdigalian
3890:Categories
3689:Psittacula
3665:Mascarinus
3645:Geoffroyus
3595:Polytelini
3496:Northiella
3468:Barnardius
3425:Pezoporini
3367:Synorhacma
3269:Charmosyna
3132:Coracopsis
3099:Xenopsitta
2995:Psittacara
2953:Eupsittula
2918:Conuropsis
2762:Myiopsitta
2741:Brotogeris
2651:Lophochroa
2614:Cacatuidae
2534:Namapsitta
2429:Morsoravis
2344:Serudaptus
2323:Halcyornis
2251:Primoscens
2221:Minutornis
2150:Vastanavis
2128:Avolatavis
2050:Genera of
1978:manutahora
1934:Snipe-rail
1848:mātuhituhi
1494:Yellowhead
1482:Stitchbird
1410:Otago shag
1398:takahikare
1285:Endangered
1161:Flightless
1076:pārekareka
888:pīwakawaka
823:Brown teal
732:2019-08-08
712:2019-08-08
521:References
492:lacustrine
404:tibiotarsi
3810:Q66305630
3696:Psittinus
3618:Polytelis
3604:Alisterus
3524:Psephotus
3510:Prosopeia
3448:Pezoporus
3360:Saudareos
3199:Loriculus
3185:Agapornis
3089:Psittacus
2988:Primolius
2874:Triclaria
2748:Deroptyus
2658:Nymphicus
2443:Sororavis
2316:Cyrilavis
2135:Calcardea
2063:Kingdom:
1733:pokotiwha
1620:Pitt shag
1475:tūturuatu
1439:tarāpunga
1386:kawau tūī
1320:Blue duck
1301:tarapiroe
1129:pōpokotea
1124:Whitehead
1047:Silvereye
682:1094-8074
622:1744-9561
240:Species:
174:Kingdom:
168:Eukaryota
3837:10552962
3824:60971429
3804:Wikidata
3638:Eclectus
3489:Lathamus
3434:Neophema
3346:Pseudeos
3210:Loriinae
3075:Khwenena
3002:Pyrrhura
2908:Aratinga
2769:Pionites
2644:Eolophus
2590:Strigops
2566:Heracles
2071:Chordata
2069:Phylum:
2065:Animalia
1843:Bushwren
1745:tutukiwi
1374:tara-iti
1332:Fernbird
1289:(flying)
1088:miromiro
1028:pīwauwau
1011:Rifleman
953:pīhoihoi
900:riroriro
876:kārearea
864:pohowera
847:Dabchick
804:tarāpuka
792:korimako
787:Bellbird
640:31387471
572:31387471
448:Godzilla
429:Herakles
415:Heracles
380:Taxonomy
358:Heracles
336:Strigops
308:Heracles
222:Heracles
188:Chordata
184:Phylum:
178:Animalia
164:Domain:
3868:ZooBank
3737:Portals
3246:Loriini
3028:Forpini
2960:Guaruba
2867:Pyrilia
2839:Amazona
2623:Cacatua
2375:Tynskya
2087:Clade:
2081:Clade:
2075:Class:
2052:parrots
1907:kērangi
1782:kaoriki
1756:Extinct
1572:ranguru
1223:tokoeka
1136:Wrybill
987:pāpango
936:koekoeā
883:Fantail
631:6731479
563:6731479
483:anatids
442:, and "
313:Miocene
265:†
244:†
227:Worthy
214:Genus:
204:Order:
194:Class:
144:minimus
115:↓
3860:392882
3844:NZBO:
3318:Lorius
3038:Forpus
2860:Pionus
2728:Arinae
2583:Nestor
1949:ōiruki
1885:whēkau
1794:koreke
1770:piopio
1526:karure
1415:Matapo
1337:mātātā
1274:kororā
1257:tawaki
1242:Kākāpō
1083:Tomtit
1052:tauhou
1006:Pūkeko
943:Kererū
924:kōtare
852:weweia
828:pāteke
816:pipipi
778:Common
680:
638:
628:
620:
570:
560:
444:-zilla
425:Neleus
354:kākāpō
347:kākāpō
330:Nestor
289:, 2019
283:Archer
275:Worthy
3751:Birds
2885:Arini
2812:Touit
2672:Zanda
2007:poūwa
1758:birds
1652:Toroa
1640:birds
1613:tāiko
1596:papua
1584:parea
1555:tōrea
1538:toroa
1514:birds
1499:mōhua
1463:tīeke
1451:tīeke
1235:hoiho
1199:roroa
1175:roroa
1163:birds
1064:tōrea
948:Pipit
780:birds
546:(8).
321:Otago
287:et al
229:et al
3832:GBIF
3381:Vini
2285:See
2077:Aves
1961:moho
1801:Huia
1487:hihi
1349:Kākā
1325:whio
1313:kakī
1264:Weka
1211:rowi
1117:tara
678:ISSN
636:PMID
618:ISSN
568:PMID
475:Aves
279:Hand
233:2019
198:Aves
54:PreꞒ
3819:EoL
3290:Eos
2901:Ara
1811:Moa
1354:Kea
1095:Tūī
668:doi
626:PMC
608:doi
558:PMC
548:doi
479:moa
3892::
3870::
3857::
3834::
3821::
3806::
912:ōi
723:.
704:,
676:.
666:.
662:.
648:^
634:.
624:.
616:.
604:15
602:.
598:.
580:^
566:.
556:.
544:15
542:.
538:.
481:,
450:.
392:,
388:,
368:.
356:,
349:.
319:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
231:,
104:Pg
48:Ma
3739::
3671:†
3661:†
3651:†
3095:†
3071:†
3061:†
3030:"
3026:"
2914:†
2783:"
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2572:†
2562:†
2530:†
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2386:†
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2161:†
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1904:(
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218:†
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
20:)
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