817:
356:
781:
772:
805:
748:
760:
793:
84:
736:
59:
1368:
31:
1537:
1551:
723:
H. littoralis extracts are used to treat dysentery and diarrhea. The leaves and stems were traditionally used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Fish poison, arrowhead poison, and spearhead poison are just a few of the several poisons that have been discovered in the sap. In the
Nicobar and Andaman
719:
The plant is widely used by locals and alternative medicines to treat diabetes, hepatic illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, goiter, and skin diseases, which is a sign that it has applications in traditional folk medicine. Several researches have revealed that the plant possesses significant
438:, and contains a single seed. It has a distinctive oblique keel on the uppermost side and measures up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long by 6 cm (2.4 in) wide. The fruit can float for several weeks and so is able to take advantage of tides, currents and winds to aid in its dispersal.
684:
The tree is harvested for timber and is valued for its toughness, durability, and resistance to saltwater. It is commonly used in shipbuilding and for pilings, bridges, wharves, furniture and housing. When sufficiently straight and high, the trunk has been used for ship's masts.
720:
anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and antinociceptive activities. Studies in phytochemistry have led to the discovery of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, phytosterols, and reducing sugars.
377:
that may be up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. It is usually low-branching and the crown is untidy-looking with gnarled branches. The trunk is light grey or grey-brown in appearance, smooth when young but developing vertical fissures as it ages.
347:. The common name refers to the silvery appearance of the underside of the leaves, resembling a mirror to some degree. The strong timber has uses in marine applications and elsewhere.
381:
The leaves are spirally arranged on the branches and varyingly measure from 20 by 10 centimetres (7.9 by 3.9 in) up to 30 by 15 centimetres (11.8 by 5.9 in), with a
427:
tube with usually 5 teeth and are bell-shaped (hence the common name Tulip oak). They are greenish-pink or dull purple, around 6 mm (0.24 in) wide and long.
1804:
1856:
780:
816:
1988:
526:
759:
1752:
1571:
1240:
482:
1830:
1765:
1908:
804:
355:
1869:
1674:
958:
2028:
2043:
2038:
1277:
1267:
771:
1960:
2033:
2003:
1791:
1447:
747:
634:
in
Australia. It grows in the landward edges of mangrove forests and along riverine forests at elevations close to sea level.
1555:
1352:
1835:
2018:
703:
724:
islands, the plant's leaves and seeds are regarded as edible. Twigs can also be used to wash teeth and make chewing gum.
1293:
792:
2013:
1817:
1687:
1661:
1099:
992:
390:
386:
1921:
1163:
1158:
906:
901:
506:
457:
83:
1861:
1679:
949:
1095:
2023:
1642:
1541:
1318:
1926:
654:
393:, dark green on the upper surface and the undersides are silvery-white to light brown due to the presence of
2008:
1739:
1744:
1083:
698:, a local dish of raw fish in vinegar or citrus juices. Another species used this way is the fruits of the
1604:
1692:
841:
Duke, N.; Kathiresan, K.; Salmo III, S.G.; Fernando, E.S.; Peras, J.R.; Sukardjo, S.; Miyagi, T. (2010).
1770:
964:
666:
200:
1420:
892:
1965:
1726:
1149:
1053:
735:
865:
672:
48:
1186:
v.3 - Hortus
Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew
1998:
1993:
1947:
1913:
1718:
1202:
689:
627:
224:
78:
1593:
1809:
1882:
1700:
1576:
1514:
1348:
1273:
1263:
660:
1887:
1848:
1504:
1494:
860:
382:
1214:
648:
462:
121:
1041:
1900:
1895:
1509:
1478:
945:
619:
530:
108:
1982:
1843:
1585:
851:
842:
453:
401:
374:
216:
68:
63:
40:
1455:
1124:
1952:
1705:
1184:
486:
30:
1653:
1666:
373:
tree growing up to 25 m (82 ft) in height with very prominent, sinuous
1778:
1636:
1580:
1369:"HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum"
699:
643:
431:
1627:
1536:
1003:. National Herbarium of New South Wales and Papua New Guinea National Herbarium
631:
611:
416:
623:
420:
394:
370:
344:
340:
328:
177:
167:
1939:
1822:
1518:
1550:
1499:
1934:
1621:
450:
447:
424:
324:
157:
134:
1477:
Mahmud, Imran; Islam, Md Khirul; Saha, Sanjib; et al. (July 2014).
1394:
423:(functionally male) flowers on the same plant. The flowers have a fused
1757:
1713:
1563:
1228:
694:
412:
408:
1783:
522:
435:
332:
147:
1598:
1272:. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 532.
1796:
615:
467:
354:
95:
1874:
963:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
460:. The description was published in the third volume of his work
405:
336:
1731:
1602:
536:
means "by the sea" in reference to the habitat of this plant.
1347:. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences. p. 62.
1375:. The Trustees of The Natural History Museum, London
582:
Tamil – conmuntiri (சொன்முந்திரி), cuntari (சுந்தரி)
1611:
1399:
Non-timber Forest
Products — Exchange Program
642:This species is host for the larvae of a number of
456:in 1789, who at the time was the director of the
1479:"Pharmacological and Ethnomedicinal Overview of
579:Sinhala – etuna (ඇටුන), ho mediriya (හෝ මැදිරිය)
16:Species of mangrove tree in the family Malvaceae
1319:"Heritiera littoralis - Looking Glass Mangrove"
1294:"Ayurvedic Plants of Sri Lanka: Plants Details"
866:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178852A7627492.en
385:up to 2 cm (0.79 in) long. They are
688:The fruit of species in the genus is used in
8:
1269:Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest
552:Bahasa Indonesia – dungun kecil, dungun laut
544:Regional common names for the tree include:
434:, brown woody pod which is derived from the
1448:"Everything you need to know about kinilaw"
1599:
1345:Field Guide to the Mangroves of Queensland
987:
985:
983:
981:
57:
29:
20:
1508:
1498:
864:
446:This species was first described by the
1572:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1487:International Scholarly Research Notices
1241:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
483:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
833:
731:
561:Japanese – sakishimasuōnoki (サキシマスオウノキ)
1210:
1200:
887:
885:
883:
1119:
1117:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
959:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
430:The fruit is a flattened, ellipsoid,
231:
7:
549:Bengali – sundari (সুন্দরী, সুন্দরি)
527:Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle
1989:IUCN Red List least concern species
852:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
610:s natural range is eastern Africa,
331:native to coastal areas of eastern
948:; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020).
594:Maldivian – ކަހަރުވައް (kaharuvah)
14:
765:Foliage, flowers and unripe fruit
692:to neutralize the fishy taste in
1927:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:823569-1
1549:
1535:
1446:Mapa, Tata (28 September 2022).
1088:in Flora of China @ eFloras.org"
815:
803:
791:
779:
770:
758:
746:
734:
82:
564:Kannada – chanda mara (ಚಂದ ಮರ)
466:, in which he also raised the
1:
1343:Lovelock, Catherine (1993).
570:Malayalam – mukuram (മുകുരം)
2029:Taxa named by William Aiton
1298:www.instituteofayurveda.org
1100:Harvard University Herbaria
521:was given in honour of the
38:The distinctive ribbon-like
2060:
2044:Central Indo-Pacific flora
2039:Western Indo-Pacific flora
1164:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1159:Plants of the World Online
907:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
902:Plants of the World Online
573:Marathi – sundari (सुंदरी)
507:Plants of the World Online
419:(functionally female) and
1566:of recorded sightings of
1129:India Biodiversity Portal
1096:Missouri Botanical Garden
411:, and as this species is
230:
223:
206:
199:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1421:"Propagating the Dungon"
655:Arhopala pseudocentaurus
603:Distribution and habitat
576:Odia – sundari (ସୁନ୍ଦରୀ)
558:Hindi – sundari (सुंदरी)
509:does not recognise any.
315:, commonly known as the
1395:"NTFP Product Database"
458:botanical garden at Kew
282:Sutherlandia littoralis
24:Looking-glass mangrove
2034:Taxa described in 1789
2004:Flora of tropical Asia
1373:Natural History Museum
1125:"Heritiera littoralis"
1098:, St. Louis, MO &
363:
317:looking-glass mangrove
965:Australian Government
859:: e.T178852A7627492.
667:Hymenoptychis sordida
608:Heritiera littoralis'
588:Vietnamese – cui biển
358:
2019:Flora of the Pacific
1680:Heritiera_littoralis
1643:Heritiera littoralis
1613:Heritiera littoralis
1590:Heritiera littoralis
1568:Heritiera littoralis
1560:at Wikimedia Commons
1557:Heritiera littoralis
1543:Heritiera littoralis
1231:Heritiera littoralis
1086:Heritiera littoralis
1054:Singapore Government
1044:Heritiera littoralis
995:Heritiera littoralis
952:Heritiera littoralis
895:Heritiera littoralis
845:Heritiera littoralis
567:Malay – pokok dungun
499:Heritiera littoralis
491:Heritiera littoralis
367:Heritiera littoralis
360:Heritiera littoralis
312:Heritiera littoralis
250:Balanopteris tothila
210:Heritiera littoralis
1579:of this species on
1500:10.1155/2014/938543
1483:: Future Prospects"
1458:on 31 December 2018
1189:. Vol. 3. 1789
1050:Flora and Fauna Web
673:Synnympha perfrenis
327:tree in the family
298:Samadera littoralis
234:Amygdalus litoralis
49:Conservation status
2014:Flora of Australia
1401:. 24 February 2016
1264:Cooper, William T.
690:Philippine cuisine
628:Northern Territory
364:
285:(Aiton) J.F.Gmel.
258:Heritiera fischeri
242:Balanopteris minor
192:H. littoralis
1976:
1975:
1883:Open Tree of Life
1605:Taxon identifiers
1577:View observations
1554:Media related to
1427:. 23 October 2013
1425:RileyBulfa's Blog
1235:
661:Assara seminivale
555:Filipino – dungon
415:, they bear both
387:oblong-elliptical
308:
307:
302:
294:
290:Systemon fischeri
286:
278:
274:Heritiera tothila
270:
262:
261:Regel & Rach
254:
246:
238:
72:
2051:
1969:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1903:
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1670:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1647:
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1632:
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1600:
1553:
1540:Data related to
1539:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1454:. Archived from
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1323:Flowers of India
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1234:Dryand. ex Aiton
1233:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1109:
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1080:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1038:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
989:
976:
975:
973:
971:
961:Edition 8 (RFK8)
941:
918:
917:
915:
913:
889:
878:
877:
875:
873:
868:
838:
819:
807:
795:
783:
774:
762:
750:
738:
591:Visayan – dungon
540:Vernacular names
391:ovate-elliptical
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
212:
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
33:
21:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2024:Flora of Africa
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
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1782:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1704:
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1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1607:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1481:Heritiera fomes
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
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1393:
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1388:
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1367:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1262:Cooper, Wendy;
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1209:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1102:, Cambridge, MA
1082:
1081:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1040:
1039:
1016:
1006:
1004:
991:
990:
979:
969:
967:
943:
942:
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911:
909:
891:
890:
881:
871:
869:
840:
839:
835:
830:
823:
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808:
799:
796:
787:
784:
775:
766:
763:
754:
751:
742:
739:
730:
682:
649:Arhopala micale
640:
605:
600:
585:Tongan – mamaea
542:
531:species epithet
517:The genus name
515:
485:recognises two
479:
463:Hortus Kewensis
444:
353:
269:(Gaertn.) Lam.
266:Heritiera minor
237:(Aiton) Kuntze
219:
214:
208:
195:
81:
73:
62:
58:
51:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Flora of China
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1957:
1953:wfo-0000720317
1944:
1931:
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1905:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1840:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1775:
1762:
1749:
1736:
1723:
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1697:
1684:
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1633:
1617:
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1609:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1583:
1574:
1561:
1547:
1546:at Wikispecies
1531:
1530:External links
1528:
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1524:
1469:
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1412:
1386:
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1335:
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1211:|website=
1176:
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1092:Flora of China
1066:
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786:Buttress roots
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714:Atuna racemosa
681:
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620:Southeast Asia
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597:Chamorro - ufa
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402:inflorescences
375:buttress roots
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321:tulip mangrove
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41:buttress roots
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13:
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6:
4:
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2027:
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1346:
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1779:iNaturalist
1637:Wikispecies
1581:iNaturalist
1462:30 December
798:Green fruit
700:tabon-tabon
646:including:
432:indehiscent
351:Description
122:Angiosperms
1983:Categories
1896:Plant List
1594:Flickriver
1586:See images
1564:View a map
1493:: 938543.
1354:0642185026
944:F.A.Zich;
828:References
632:Queensland
612:Madagascar
495:littoralis
477:Subspecies
417:pistillate
413:monoecious
1999:Mangroves
1994:Heritiera
1745:200013815
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1203:cite book
1152:Heritiera
1001:PNG Trees
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534:litoralis
525:botanist
519:Heritiera
513:Etymology
471:Heritiera
421:staminate
397:scales.
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341:Melanesia
329:Malvaceae
186:Species:
179:Heritiera
168:Malvaceae
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1940:30400042
1935:Tropicos
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1797:823569-1
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1622:Wikidata
1519:27382611
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626:and the
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503:fischeri
451:botanist
448:Scottish
442:Taxonomy
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409:panicles
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395:stellate
325:mangrove
253:Gaertn.
245:Gaertn.
225:Synonyms
164:Family:
158:Malvales
135:Eudicots
69:IUCN 3.1
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96:Plantae
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1961:WoRMS
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1823:26957
1805:IRMNG
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1667:92433
616:India
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277:Kurz
217:Aiton
142:Clade
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
1922:POWO
1870:OBIS
1857:NCBI
1844:IUCN
1831:ITIS
1792:IPNI
1766:GRIN
1753:GBIF
1719:1205
1688:BOLD
1675:ATRF
1662:APNI
1515:PMID
1491:2014
1464:2018
1433:2022
1407:2022
1381:2022
1349:ISBN
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1274:ISBN
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