40:
925:
1218:
2733:
299:
53:
218:
318:
335:
283:
268:
253:
2745:
233:
1435:
995:
spp. grow in the wild in North
America, Europe, and Asia. Although there is considerable scientific research about them, they are not commonly industrially produced. Accordingly, there are few commercially available strains in the U.S. or Europe and little or no breeding for higher yield or other
1145:
whereby the fungus is grown in a liquid medium. Using this method, a large number of mycelia can be obtained quickly. Bioactive compounds can be sourced from the fruiting bodies, submerged-cultivated mycelial biomass, or liquid-cultivated broth. Growers optimize the culture medium composition to
587:
Spore production is highest at midday, relative to temperature increase and a decrease of relative humidity. Daily trends toward lower relative humidity can favor sporulation, however, levels of relative humidity that are too low do not favor high total spore production.
1137:
was first reported in China in 1988. It is cultivated using artificial logs, bottles, and polypropylene bags. However, this type of artificial cultivation is not suitable for industrialized production due to its low yield and long cultivation cycles.
534:
each and possess a basal clamp. The white amyloid spores measure approximately 5–7 μm in length and 4–5 μm in width. The spore shape is described as subglobose to short ellipsoid and the spore surface is smooth to finely roughened.
1200:
spp. can be isolated and cultivated by first gathering fruiting bodies from fallen trees in the natural habitat. The fruiting bodies can then be opened to attain pieces of their inner spore-producing tissue. This tissue is then placed onto
1027:
Many different substrates have been used to successfully cultivate this mushroom. Depending on the type of cultivation, the substrate can be either solid (artificial log) or liquid (submerged culture and deep submerged culture).
578:
growth and only a relatively low percentage of monokaryotic cultures yield fruitbodies. Monokaryotic fruitbodies are also smaller than dikaryotic fruitbodies. The monokaryotic mycelium was found to produce fusoid to subglobose
2481:"The Action of Argon and Helium-Neon Laser Radiation on Growth and Fructification of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm., Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer, and Hericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.)Pers"
583:
of 6–8 x 8–10 μm size. These spores can stay viable for more than seven years and be stored under anaerobic conditions. Chlamydospore germination requires 30 to 52 hours, with a germination success rate of 32 to 54%.
1177:, were observed to have an advantageous effect on spore germination. Other technologies, such as red and green laser light of low intensity, stimulated spore germination as well as the vegetative growth of mycelium.
3210:
2431:"Stimulation with Low-Intensity Laser Light of Basidiospore Germination and Growth of Monokaryotic Isolates in the Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)"
1865:
973:
is scarce and threatened and is one of only four fungi to have the highest level of legal protection in the UK, making both picking and sale of the fungus illegal. It was added to the
1771:
1209:
to cultivate fungal colonies at 25 °C. After several transfers to new Petri dishes to verify the purity of the strain, it can be kept at −80 °C for long-term storage.
934:
species are good competitors against other wood colonisers. They show the ability to maintain their place on dead wood, also when confronted with secondary colonizers such as
2619:
2508:
2458:
1626:
823:. Its production there occurs only on a small scale. Most of it is intensive indoor production with only a few small outdoor sites where log cultivation is practiced. Three
2330:
39:
3101:
2894:
924:
2019:"Interspecific interactions between the rare tooth fungi Creolophus cirrhatus, Hericium erinaceus and H. coralloides and other wood decay species in agar and wood"
2959:
1094:
for the carbon source, soybean powder, corn powder, and wheat bran powder as a complex nitrogen source. The pH values most suitable for the favorable growth of
989:
are analogous to plant varieties in crop breeding. Fungal strains comprise clonal descendants of a single isolation from one fungal colony in a pure culture.
3049:
2793:
1423:. Pacific Southwest Research Station (Report). Gen. Tech Rep. PSW-GTR-197. Albany, California: U.S. Forest Service Treesearch Department. pp. 100–101.
1352:
164:
3088:
2868:
217:
2301:"Identification of Optimal Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Cultivation of Monkey Head Mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: fr.) Pers)"
2273:
1500:
2408:
2238:"Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) mushroom: A review"
2071:
1833:
2661:
2605:
1855:
1658:
1612:
1328:
2704:
2046:
2236:
He, Xirui; Wang, Xiaoxiao; Fang, Jiacheng; Chang, Yu; Ning, Ning; Guo, Hao; Huang, Linhong; Huang, Xiaoqiang; Zhao, Zefeng (2017-04-01).
1109:
requires a humid environment for its growth: 85 to 90% of relative humidity in the air. The incubation temperature most suitable for the
1747:
1162:
is preferable for the production of mycelial biomass and biologically active metabolites in order to produce a more uniform biomass and
916:. Farm hygiene and heating treatments are the most important pest management strategies that should be followed to counter this acarus.
2164:
3170:
974:
420:, which grow across the same range. In the wild, these mushrooms are common during late summer and fall on hardwoods, particularly
3205:
2480:
2430:
2300:
1725:
1392:
2569:
1899:
3200:
2597:
1604:
1170:
812:
for centuries. Its production is widespread within Asia, mostly using extensive production practices on wood logs or stumps.
770:
3180:
2946:
2299:
Nguyen, Bich Thuy Thi; Ngo, Nghien Xuan; Le, Ve Van; Nguyen, Luyen Thi; Tran, Anh Dong; Nguyen, Lam Hai Thi (2018-10-19).
1573:
762:
2723:
3195:
809:
1672:
2479:
Poyedinok, Natalia L.; Buchalo, Asja S.; Negriyko, Anatoliy M.; Potemkina, Janna V.; Mykchaylova, Oksana B. (2003).
643:(3%), and other oils, such as 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-ethylpyrazine and 2,6-diethylpyrazine. Low concentrations of
2964:
2429:
Poyedinok, Natalia L.; Potemkina, Janna V.; Buchalo, Asja S.; Negriyko, Anatoliy M.; Grygansky, Andriy P. (2000).
168:
52:
1465:
Sokół, Sławomir; Golak-Siwulska, Iwona; Sobieralski, Krzysztof; Siwulski, Marek; Górka, Katarzyna (2016-01-29).
448:. Decayed tissue becomes spongy and eventually disintegrates to form a cavity. The distinctive fruiting bodies (
3190:
1021:
2188:
Gonkhom, Didsanutda; Luangharn, Thatsanee; Hyde, Kevin D.; Stadler, Marc; Thongklang, Naritsada (2022-08-31).
1344:
1217:
847:
hosts in North
America include maple, ash, oaks, and eucalyptus. In California, lion's mane has been found on
2391:
Zhixue, Feng; Xiwen, Liu; Lu
Yaohuan (Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taigu (China) Dept of Horticulture) (1998).
3215:
1972:"Host feeding, damage and control of the mushroom pest, Brennandania lambi (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) in China"
482:
inches) in diameter, and are dominated by crowded, hanging, spore-producing spines, which are 1–5 cm (
3185:
2761:
1009:
3175:
900:
147:
1466:
3129:
3080:
2974:
2860:
2829:
2392:
2237:
2067:
1793:
1232:
958:
952:
839:
663:
1650:
Distribution, ecology and status of 51 macromycetes in Europe: results of the ECCF Mapping
Programme
3165:
1017:
936:
912:) is a mite pest of fungi culture in China. This mite can develop and reproduce on the mycelium of
852:
833:
657:
2938:
444:
habitat. Outside of cultivation, lion's mane is usually associated with a tree wound and causes a
2684:
2561:
2211:
2018:
1999:
1825:
1151:
636:
177:
47:
3106:
2899:
2190:"Optimal conditions for mycelial growth of medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus Hericium"
909:
3062:
2995:
2912:
2816:
2657:
2611:
2601:
2553:
2500:
2450:
2400:
2373:
2322:
2265:
2257:
2123:
2115:
2038:
1991:
1952:
1817:
1717:
1664:
1654:
1618:
1608:
1565:
1557:
1492:
1324:
1117:
was found to be 25 °C, and the optimum temperature for vegetative growth was 26 °C.
864:
860:
856:
848:
628:
436:, as it mostly feeds on dead trees. It can also be found on living trees, so it may be a tree
259:
2534:"Production of Hericium sp. (Lion's Mane) mushrooms on totem logs in a forest farming system"
3000:
2696:
2649:
2545:
2492:
2442:
2363:
2312:
2249:
2201:
2105:
2030:
1983:
1944:
1809:
1763:
1709:
1549:
1482:
1424:
986:
942:
752:
404:
inch), occurrence on hardwoods, and tendency to grow a single clump of dangling spines. The
289:
2145:
2982:
1294:
1122:
692:
560:
375:
341:
20:
1792:
Miyazawa, Mitsuo; Matsuda, Naoki; Tamura, Naotaka; Ishikawa, Ryuuzou (8 December 2011).
3075:
2855:
1155:
868:
624:
604:
551:
could fruit intermittently for 20 years on the same dead tree. It is hypothesized that
421:
94:
2700:
1697:
1388:
1020:
factors, including suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, a certain pH value and ideal
3159:
3054:
2907:
2798:
2533:
2496:
2215:
1891:
1860:
1439:
1274:
879:
820:
632:
620:
600:
580:
547:
are mainly produced annually from August to
November in Europe. It was observed that
383:
239:
84:
2565:
2393:"A study on the effect and mechanism of 2,4-D and gibberellin on Hericium erinaceus"
2003:
1829:
950:
has shown to be slightly more competitive than other fungi tooth species, including
683:
3067:
2821:
2737:
2446:
2253:
1270:
1159:
1076:
1052:
886:
and establishment. It is able to withstand cold temperatures and frost conditions.
640:
531:
516:
461:
405:
379:
325:
1923:
Boddy, Lynne; Crockatt, Martha E.; Ainsworth, A. Martyn (2011-04-01). "Ecology of
1813:
677:
3040:
1948:
2951:
2933:
2881:
2749:
1174:
883:
608:
449:
433:
305:
114:
2641:
2206:
2189:
2110:
2093:
1525:
2653:
2549:
2368:
2351:
2317:
2034:
1971:
1553:
1206:
1202:
1068:
1044:
744:
740:
701:(literally, 'hedgehog goatee'), and some of its common English names, such as
644:
612:
567:
441:
104:
2615:
2557:
2504:
2454:
2404:
2377:
2326:
2261:
2119:
2094:"Strain, clone and species: comments on three basic concepts of bacteriology"
1995:
1956:
1821:
1721:
1668:
1622:
1561:
1496:
3142:
3013:
2842:
1299:
1252:
1060:
996:
favorable traits has occurred. Production trials in Egypt report yields of
736:
616:
496:
445:
64:
2784:
2269:
2127:
2042:
1569:
2808:
2591:
2352:"Impact of Substrate Volume on Oyster Mushroom Fruiting Bodies Production"
1767:
1648:
1598:
1188:
also contributed to the acceleration of fruit body development by 36–51%.
519:
elements (filled with oily, resinous substances), which can come into the
3137:
3114:
3034:
3008:
2987:
2920:
2778:
2683:
Mau, Jeng-Leun; Lin, Hsiu-Ching; Ma, Jung-Tsun; Song, Si-Fu (June 2001).
1892:"Lion's Mane: A new candidate for profitable forest mushroom cultivation"
1698:"Hericium in North America: cultural characteristics and mating behavior"
1244:
1110:
1080:
1056:
1036:
991:
800:
787:) meaning "monkey head mushroom", and in Europe and the United States as
778:
748:
726:
575:
527:
520:
437:
416:
273:
244:
223:
124:
1428:
3093:
2873:
1987:
1282:
1240:
1163:
1091:
1084:
1040:
1032:
500:
394:, it can be identified by its long spines (longer than 1 centimetre or
2744:
468:
are large, irregular bulbous tubercules. They are 5–40 centimetres (2–
3119:
2925:
2886:
1794:"Characteristic Flavor of Volatile Oil from Dried Fruiting Bodies of
1182:
512:
387:
74:
2755:
1713:
1487:
2847:
1216:
1185:
1178:
1048:
923:
905:
716:
688:
508:
504:
425:
1438:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2834:
1321:
Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi
391:
2759:
2685:"Non-volatile taste components of several speciality mushrooms"
1467:"Biology, cultivation, and medicinal functions of the mushroom
1278:
1072:
1243:
cooking, with young specimens considered the best. Alongside
1231:
produces edible fruiting bodies that are used as food and in
452:) generally appear near the edges of old wounds in the fall.
2017:
Wald, Paul; Pitkkänen, Sini; Boddy, Lynne (December 2004).
1886:
1884:
1882:
1524:
Wald, Paul; Pitkkänen, Sini; Boddy, Lynne (December 2004).
2590:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
1597:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
530:
are 25–40 μm long and 5–7 μm wide, contain four
2092:
Dijkshoorn, L.; Ursing, B.M.; Ursing, J.B. (2000-05-01).
1526:"Interspecific interactions between the rare tooth fungi
1141:
Submerged culture is a type of artificial cultivation of
827:
species can be found in eastern North
America, one being
804:
species can be found throughout the northern hemisphere.
1421:
A Field Guide to
Insects and Diseases of California Oaks
1939:. Conservation underground: Fungi in a changing world.
1098:
were in the range of 5.0–9.0, with pH 6.0 as optimal.
1067:
strains grow on beech sawdust substrate enriched with
2721:
1419:
Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Bernhardt, Elizabeth A. (2006).
3211:
Taxa named by Jean
Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
1090:
An example of a liquid substrate composition can be
3024:
2768:
1345:"Reforestation: Traditional Methods Have to Change"
332:
315:
295:
280:
265:
250:
230:
214:
19:For the other species named hedgehog mushroom, see
2242:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
1653:. European Council for the Conservation of Fungi.
1043:containing different complements that may include
1031:The solid substrate is most commonly a mixture of
2593:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
1600:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
627:and flavor compounds were identified, including
511:(microns) wide. The hyphae also contain clamped
555:can survive for 40 years. The mating system of
2294:
2292:
2290:
2139:
2137:
1538:and other wood decay species in agar and wood"
1323:(Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
1000:averaging at 165 g per 1 kg medium.
730:
720:
710:
2527:
2525:
1918:
1916:
756:
8:
2642:"Speciality Mushrooms and Their Cultivation"
2485:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
2435:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
1691:
1689:
1592:
1590:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1263:is used as a specialty mushroom in recipes.
696:
1970:Wu, Jufang; Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (March 1993).
1519:
1517:
2756:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2146:"Cultivation of the Monkey Head Mushroom (
559:species found in the U.S. was shown to be
38:
27:
2532:Grace, Jeanne; Mudge, Kenneth W. (2015).
2367:
2316:
2205:
2109:
1486:
2305:Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences
783:
503:, and composed of thin- to thick-walled
2728:
2356:Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1311:
815:Despite its higher prevalence in Asia,
819:was first described scientifically in
211:
1146:obtain simultaneously high yields of
882:in 13 European countries due to poor
414:can be mistaken for other species of
7:
3130:85f4a70e-a51e-42a6-b5f9-4d76cd0af14e
2975:e3371c05-6fe6-44d6-8238-cfbf8c504730
2157:Journal of Applied Sciences Research
1414:
1412:
1410:
408:can be harvested for culinary use.
2068:"Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981"
1976:Experimental and Applied Acarology
1856:"Hericium erinaceus - an overview"
14:
1836:from the original on 4 April 2023
1802:Journal of Essential Oil Research
1351:. Vol. 8, no. 2. 2015.
975:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
878:is native to Europe, it has been
507:that are approximately 3–15
2743:
2731:
2497:10.1615/InterJMedicMush.v5.i3.70
1433:
1395:from the original on 5 June 2023
691:. This is also reflected by the
631:(26% of total oil composition),
333:
316:
297:
281:
266:
251:
231:
216:
51:
2707:from the original on 2022-03-24
2640:Royse, Daniel J. (2010-07-29).
2622:from the original on 2022-06-03
2572:from the original on 2023-04-04
2511:from the original on 2023-06-03
2461:from the original on 2023-05-28
2411:from the original on 2023-04-05
2333:from the original on 2023-04-04
2276:from the original on 2023-05-11
2170:from the original on 2023-04-04
2098:Journal of Medical Microbiology
2074:from the original on 2023-09-20
2049:from the original on 2022-01-21
1902:from the original on 2023-04-04
1868:from the original on 2022-12-20
1774:from the original on 2023-04-04
1728:from the original on 2023-04-04
1675:from the original on 2023-04-21
1629:from the original on 2022-06-03
1576:from the original on 2023-04-05
1503:from the original on 2023-04-04
1391:. Drugs.com. 23 November 2020.
1355:from the original on 2023-04-04
1063:, and rice straw. For example,
2598:University of California Press
2447:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v2.i4.140
2254:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.040
1605:University of California Press
1171:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
1133:The artificial cultivation of
774:
766:
731:
721:
1:
2701:10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00330-7
1814:10.1080/10412905.2008.9700046
985:In fungi cultivation, fungal
1949:10.1016/j.funeco.2010.10.001
1269:fruiting bodies contain 57%
920:Competition with other fungi
810:traditional Chinese medicine
492:–2 in) long or longer.
276:attachment is not applicable
1647:Fraiture A, Otto P (2015).
1169:Growth regulators, such as
757:
711:
561:bifactorially heterothallic
224:Mycological characteristics
3232:
2362:(2): 154–169. 2020-05-01.
2207:10.1007/s11557-022-01829-6
2111:10.1099/0022-1317-49-5-397
1702:Canadian Journal of Botany
1012:that occurs on dead wood,
709:. It is known in Japan as
675:Both the Latin genus name
18:
2654:10.1002/9780470650622.ch2
2550:10.1007/s10457-015-9790-1
2369:10.21608/ajas.2020.117203
2318:10.31817/vjas.2018.1.2.01
2035:10.1017/S0953756204001340
1746:McCracken, F. I. (1970).
1554:10.1017/s0953756204001340
1121:is unable to grow with a
440:. This could indicate an
183:
176:
153:
146:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
30:
3171:Chinese edible mushrooms
2397:Siyongjun Xuebao (China)
1696:Ginns, J. (1985-09-01).
795:Distribution and habitat
655:Similar species include
3206:Fungi described in 1781
1349:The Sierra Forest Voice
3201:Fungi of North America
2144:Hassan, F.R.H (2007).
1389:"Lion's mane mushroom"
1225:
1221:Rock cod with grilled
1004:Substrate requirements
928:
735:) in reference to the
697:
682:
676:
2646:Horticultural Reviews
1768:10.1094/Phyto-60-1639
1748:"Spore Production of
1319:Arora, David (1986).
1220:
1022:carbon/nitrogen ratio
927:
681:and the species name
495:The hyphal system is
3181:Fungi in cultivation
2538:Agroforestry Systems
2194:Mycological Progress
2023:Mycological Research
1607:. pp. 280–281.
1542:Mycological Research
1528:Creolophus cirrhatus
1233:traditional medicine
1102:Climate requirements
1083:meal (10%), or meat-
959:Hericium coralloides
953:Creolophus cirrhatus
861:California black oak
664:Hericium coralloides
543:The fruit bodies of
368:bearded tooth fungus
358:lion's mane mushroom
356:, commonly known as
3196:Fungi of California
1896:Cornell Small Farms
1429:10.2737/PSW-GTR-197
1257:Pleurotus ostreatus
1125:lower than -5 Mpa.
937:Trametes versicolor
840:H. coralloides
771:traditional Chinese
687:mean 'hedgehog' in
658:Hericium americanum
570:mycelium growth of
2770:Hericium erinaceus
2148:Hericium erinaceus
1988:10.1007/BF00118440
1925:Hericium cirrhatum
1798:(Bull.: Fr.) Pers"
1796:Hericium erinaceus
1750:Hericium erinaceus
1532:Hericium erinaceus
1469:Hericium erinaceum
1226:
1223:Hericium erinaceus
1152:exopolysaccharides
1150:mycelial biomass,
1107:Hericium erinaceus
1016:requires adequate
948:Hericium erinaceus
929:
901:Brennandania lambi
834:H. americanum
763:simplified Chinese
747:religion known as
637:phenylacetaldehyde
523:as gloeocystidia.
353:Hericium erinaceus
195:Clavaria erinaceus
157:Hericium erinaceus
32:Hericium erinaceus
3153:
3152:
2996:Open Tree of Life
2762:Taxon identifiers
2663:978-0-470-65062-2
2607:978-0-520-95360-4
2163:(10): 1229–1233.
2029:(12): 1447–1457.
1660:978-90-823525-5-9
1614:978-0-520-95360-4
1548:(12): 1447–1457.
1330:978-0-89815-169-5
1261:H. erinaceus
1148:H. erinaceus
1143:H. erinaceus
1119:H. erinaceus
998:H. erinaceus
914:H. erinaceus
857:interior live oak
829:H. erinaceus
808:has been used in
806:H. erinaceus
707:hedgehog mushroom
629:hexadecanoic acid
599:contains diverse
572:H. erinaceus
557:H. erinaceus
553:H. erinaceus
549:H. erinaceus
430:H. erinaceus
382:group. Native to
378:belonging to the
349:
348:
209:Species of fungus
207:
206:
200:Dryodon erinaceus
139:H. erinaceus
3223:
3146:
3145:
3133:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3026:Hydnum erinaceus
3017:
3016:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2952:NHMSYS0001484046
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2320:
2296:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2154:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2113:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1708:(9): 1551–1563.
1693:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1462:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1416:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1196:Wild strains of
943:Stereum hirsutum
831:, the other two
785:
776:
768:
760:
734:
733:
724:
723:
714:
703:bearded hedgehog
700:
698:Igel-Stachelbart
491:
490:
486:
481:
480:
476:
473:
446:white pocket rot
403:
402:
398:
372:bearded hedgehog
337:
336:
320:
319:
301:
300:
285:
284:
270:
269:
255:
254:
235:
234:
220:
212:
191:
187:Hydnum erinaceus
159:
56:
55:
42:
28:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3191:Fungi of Europe
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3092:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2983:Observation.org
2981:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2764:
2754:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2573:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2298:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1714:10.1139/b85-215
1695:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1661:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1615:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1488:10.5586/am.1069
1475:Acta Mycologica
1464:
1463:
1446:
1434:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1295:Medicinal fungi
1291:
1249:Lentinus edodes
1215:
1194:
1156:polysaccharides
1131:
1123:water potential
1104:
1006:
983:
968:
922:
897:
892:
853:canyon live oak
797:
755:it is known as
673:
653:
651:Similar species
605:polysaccharides
594:
574:is slower than
541:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
471:
469:
458:
400:
396:
395:
376:edible mushroom
334:
317:
302:
298:
282:
267:
252:
232:
226:
221:
210:
189:
172:
161:
155:
142:
50:
24:
21:Hydnum repandum
17:
16:Edible mushroom
12:
11:
5:
3229:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3216:Fungus species
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3124:
3111:
3098:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2979:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2813:
2803:
2790:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2718:
2717:
2695:(4): 461–466.
2689:Food Chemistry
2675:
2662:
2632:
2606:
2600:. p. 29.
2582:
2544:(3): 549–556.
2521:
2471:
2421:
2399:(in Chinese).
2383:
2343:
2311:(2): 117–126.
2286:
2221:
2180:
2133:
2104:(5): 397–401.
2084:
2059:
2009:
1982:(3): 233–240.
1962:
1943:(2): 163–173.
1937:Fungal Ecology
1929:H. coralloides
1912:
1898:. 2015-04-06.
1878:
1847:
1808:(5): 420–423.
1784:
1756:Phytopathology
1738:
1685:
1659:
1639:
1613:
1586:
1536:H. coralloides
1513:
1444:
1406:
1365:
1336:
1329:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1214:
1211:
1193:
1190:
1130:
1127:
1103:
1100:
1005:
1002:
982:
979:
967:
964:
921:
918:
910:Pygmephoroidea
896:
893:
891:
888:
849:coast live oak
796:
793:
672:
669:
652:
649:
601:phytochemicals
593:
590:
581:chlamydospores
540:
537:
457:
454:
432:is considered
422:American beech
347:
346:
338:
330:
329:
321:
313:
312:
303:
296:
293:
292:
286:
278:
277:
271:
263:
262:
256:
248:
247:
236:
228:
227:
222:
215:
208:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
181:
180:
174:
173:
162:
151:
150:
144:
143:
136:
134:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:Agaricomycetes
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3228:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Fungi of Asia
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2729:
2725:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:ScienceDirect
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1739:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:public domain
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:dietary fiber
1272:
1271:carbohydrates
1268:
1264:
1262:
1259:) mushrooms,
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:is common in
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1087:flour (6%).
1086:
1082:
1078:
1075:grain (25%),
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
988:
980:
978:
976:
972:
965:
963:
962:
960:
955:
954:
949:
945:
944:
939:
938:
933:
926:
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:
894:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
841:
836:
835:
830:
826:
822:
821:North America
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
802:
794:
792:
790:
786:
784:hau4 tou4 gu1
780:
772:
764:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
728:
718:
713:
712:yamabushitake
708:
704:
699:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
679:
670:
668:
666:
665:
660:
659:
650:
648:
647:are present.
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:linoleic acid
630:
626:
622:
621:essential oil
618:
614:
611:, as well as
610:
606:
602:
598:
592:Mycochemistry
591:
589:
585:
582:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
538:
536:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
467:
463:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
409:
407:
393:
389:
385:
384:North America
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
363:yamabushitake
359:
355:
354:
345:
344:
340:Edibility is
339:
331:
328:
327:
322:
314:
311:
307:
304:
294:
291:
287:
279:
275:
272:
264:
261:
257:
249:
246:
242:
241:
237:
229:
225:
219:
213:
201:
198:
196:
193:
188:
185:
184:
182:
179:
175:
170:
166:
160:
158:
152:
149:
148:Binomial name
145:
141:
140:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:Basidiomycota
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
3176:Edible fungi
3025:
2769:
2709:. Retrieved
2692:
2688:
2678:
2667:. Retrieved
2645:
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2596:. Berkeley:
2592:
2585:
2574:. Retrieved
2541:
2537:
2513:. Retrieved
2488:
2484:
2474:
2463:. Retrieved
2438:
2434:
2424:
2413:. Retrieved
2396:
2386:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2335:. Retrieved
2308:
2304:
2278:. Retrieved
2245:
2241:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2160:
2156:
2147:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2076:. Retrieved
2062:
2051:. Retrieved
2026:
2022:
2012:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1940:
1936:
1935:in the UK".
1933:H. erinaceus
1932:
1928:
1924:
1904:. Retrieved
1895:
1870:. Retrieved
1859:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1805:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1762:(11): 1639.
1759:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1705:
1701:
1677:. Retrieved
1649:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1603:. Berkeley:
1599:
1578:. Retrieved
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1505:. Retrieved
1478:
1474:
1468:
1420:
1397:. Retrieved
1357:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1267:H. erinaceus
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1237:H. erinaceus
1236:
1229:H. erinaceus
1228:
1227:
1222:
1203:Petri dishes
1197:
1195:
1192:Wild strains
1168:
1160:fermentation
1158:. Submerged
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:H. erinaceus
1134:
1132:
1118:
1115:H. erinaceus
1114:
1106:
1105:
1096:H. erinaceus
1095:
1089:
1077:soybean meal
1065:H. erinaceus
1064:
1053:soybean meal
1030:
1026:
1014:H. erinaceus
1013:
1007:
997:
990:
984:
971:H. erinaceus
970:
969:
966:Conservation
957:
951:
947:
941:
935:
931:
930:
913:
899:
898:
876:H. erinaceus
875:
873:
845:H. erinaceus
844:
838:
832:
828:
824:
817:H. erinaceus
816:
814:
805:
799:
798:
788:
782:
745:syncretistic
739:or mountain
706:
702:
674:
662:
656:
654:
641:benzaldehyde
603:, including
597:H. erinaceus
596:
595:
586:
571:
568:monokaryotic
565:
556:
552:
548:
545:H. erinaceus
544:
542:
525:
517:gloeoplerous
494:
466:H. erinaceus
465:
462:fruit bodies
459:
450:basidiocarps
429:
415:
412:H. erinaceus
411:
410:
406:fruit bodies
380:tooth fungus
371:
367:
362:
361:
357:
352:
351:
350:
342:
326:saprotrophic
324:
309:
258:No distinct
238:
199:
194:
190:Bull. (1781)
186:
156:
154:
138:
137:
125:
31:
25:
2934:NatureServe
2882:iNaturalist
2248:: 228–237.
2150:) in Egypt"
1840:26 November
1399:2 September
1175:gibberellin
981:Cultivation
884:germination
789:lion's mane
751:; while in
619:. From its
613:hericenones
539:Development
456:Description
434:saprophytic
323:Ecology is
306:Spore print
115:Hericiaceae
3166:Russulales
3160:Categories
2711:2020-11-26
2669:2020-11-06
2626:2021-05-25
2576:2020-11-26
2515:2020-11-26
2465:2020-11-26
2415:2020-11-26
2337:2020-11-26
2280:2020-11-26
2174:2020-11-26
2078:2023-04-04
2053:2020-11-26
1906:2020-11-26
1872:2022-12-20
1778:2020-11-26
1732:2020-11-26
1679:2020-11-26
1633:2021-05-25
1580:2020-11-26
1507:2020-11-26
1359:2021-12-06
1306:References
1281:, and 22%
1166:products.
1129:Techniques
1113:growth of
1069:wheat bran
1045:wheat bran
1010:saprophyte
880:red listed
869:valley oak
645:ergosterol
617:erinacines
607:, such as
576:dikaryotic
442:endophytic
428:. Usually
105:Russulales
81:Division:
3143:100405695
3041:Q59525845
3014:100405696
2648:: 59–97.
2616:797915861
2558:0167-4366
2505:1521-9437
2455:1521-9437
2405:1005-9873
2378:2356-9840
2327:2588-1299
2262:0141-8130
2216:251994082
2120:0022-2615
1996:0168-8162
1957:1754-5048
1822:1041-2905
1722:0008-4026
1669:922038479
1623:797915861
1562:0953-7562
1497:2353-074X
1300:Yamabushi
1061:rice bran
1057:corn meal
1018:substrate
977:in 1998.
874:Although
737:yamabushi
684:erinaceus
671:Etymology
639:(9%) and
497:monomitic
133:Species:
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
3138:Tropicos
3115:MycoBank
3107:10675396
3076:Fungorum
3055:60029937
3050:AusFungi
3035:Wikidata
3009:Tropicos
2939:2.121383
2921:MycoBank
2913:70401627
2900:10644454
2856:Fungorum
2806:BioLib:
2799:60029935
2794:AusFungi
2779:Wikidata
2705:Archived
2620:Archived
2570:Archived
2566:15267536
2509:Archived
2491:(3): 8.
2459:Archived
2441:(4): 4.
2409:Archived
2331:Archived
2274:Archived
2270:28087447
2165:Archived
2128:10798550
2072:Archived
2047:Archived
2043:15757181
2004:22308405
1900:Archived
1866:Archived
1864:. 2016.
1834:Archived
1830:94616378
1772:Archived
1726:Archived
1673:Archived
1627:Archived
1574:Archived
1570:15757181
1501:Archived
1393:Archived
1353:Archived
1289:See also
1245:shiitake
1213:Culinary
1198:Hericium
1111:mycelial
1081:rapeseed
1047:, wheat
1037:hardwood
992:Hericium
932:Hericium
865:blue oak
825:Hericium
801:Hericium
779:Jyutping
758:hóutóugū
749:Shugendo
741:ascetics
727:Katakana
678:Hericium
609:β-glucan
521:hymenium
438:parasite
417:Hericium
374:, is an
288:Lacks a
274:Hymenium
245:hymenium
178:Synonyms
126:Hericium
111:Family:
61:Domain:
3094:2550535
2874:5248508
2835:1016541
2724:Portals
1283:protein
1273:(8% as
1241:gourmet
1164:extract
1092:glucose
1085:osseous
1071:(20%),
1041:conifer
1033:sawdust
987:strains
895:Disease
890:Ecology
753:Chinese
743:of the
635:(13%),
528:basidia
501:amyloid
487:⁄
477:⁄
399:⁄
169:Persoon
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
3127:NZOR:
3120:147083
3081:147083
3001:240840
2972:NZOR:
2926:356812
2861:356812
2848:HERIER
2809:126509
2785:Q19737
2660:
2614:
2604:
2564:
2556:
2503:
2453:
2403:
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2325:
2268:
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2041:
2002:
1994:
1955:
1828:
1820:
1720:
1667:
1657:
1621:
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1560:
1495:
1327:
1277:), 4%
1253:oyster
1251:) and
1186:lasers
1183:helium
1154:, and
1079:(7%),
867:, and
781::
773::
765::
732:ヤマブシタケ
695:name,
693:German
532:spores
505:hyphae
390:, and
388:Europe
343:choice
171:(1797)
3102:IRMNG
3068:3MZZJ
2988:14891
2965:91752
2895:IRMNG
2887:49158
2822:3KYXV
2738:Fungi
2562:S2CID
2212:S2CID
2200:(9).
2168:(PDF)
2153:(PDF)
2000:S2CID
1826:S2CID
1481:(2).
1205:with
1179:Argon
1049:straw
1008:As a
906:Acari
717:Kanji
689:Latin
625:aroma
623:, 77
513:septa
426:maple
370:, or
310:white
290:stipe
240:Teeth
165:Bull.
75:Fungi
3089:GBIF
2960:NCBI
2908:IUCN
2869:GBIF
2843:EPPO
2750:Food
2658:ISBN
2612:OCLC
2602:ISBN
2554:ISSN
2501:ISSN
2451:ISSN
2401:ISSN
2374:ISSN
2323:ISSN
2266:PMID
2258:ISSN
2124:PMID
2116:ISSN
2039:PMID
1992:ISSN
1953:ISSN
1931:and
1842:2020
1818:ISSN
1718:ISSN
1665:OCLC
1655:ISBN
1619:OCLC
1609:ISBN
1566:PMID
1558:ISSN
1534:and
1493:ISSN
1401:2021
1325:ISBN
1207:agar
1181:and
1173:and
956:and
940:and
837:and
705:and
661:and
615:and
566:The
526:The
515:and
460:The
424:and
392:Asia
3063:CoL
2947:NBN
2830:EoL
2817:CoL
2697:doi
2650:doi
2546:doi
2493:doi
2443:doi
2364:doi
2313:doi
2250:doi
2202:doi
2106:doi
2031:doi
2027:108
1984:doi
1945:doi
1810:doi
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1550:doi
1546:108
1483:doi
1425:doi
1279:fat
1073:rye
1039:or
1035:of
1024:.
775:猴頭菇
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722:山伏茸
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308:is
260:cap
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