Knowledge (XXG)

Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks

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Hervör standing at sunrise on the summit of the tower and looking southward towards the forest; Angantyr marshalling his men for battle and remarking dryly that there used to be more of them when mead drinking was in question; great clouds of dust rolling over the plain, through which glittered white
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1325. This parchment manuscript is today fragmentary, containing the story up to the end of Gestumblindi's second riddle, but two early copies (AM 281 4to) and (AM 597b) record parts of H now lost. H is a conflation of an early version of the saga similar to that preserved in R, and the U-version of
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U is the version best attested in a seventeenth-century paper manuscript, Uppsala, University Library, R 715. Another early witness to parts of this version is the seventeenth-century paper manuscript Copenhagen, Den Arnamagnæanske Samling, AM 203 fol. This contains a copy of R, but where R breaks
494:, as it is consistent in style and forms a consistent narrative link between the events in the tale. Tolkien considers it unequivocally older than the saga itself. The exact nature of the original underlying narrative for the poem is a matter of scholarly debate. Some passages of the poetry in 469:
4th–5th century); finally, the tale returns to the historically later date. Kershaw considers that the latter part of the tale involving the Huns and Goths has an origin separate from that of the earlier parts and, in chronological time, is actually taking place several centuries earlier.
523:"The Good Counsels of the Father"). In general there are three counsels; in the saga, a set of three (1st, 2nd, and 6th) fit together. Tolkien proposes that after the counsels were introduced into the work, further counsels were added, further extending that theme through the saga. 671:
both rejected Heinzel's attribution and the link with Attila. Schück split the legend of the strife between brothers from that of the Goth-Hun war, as well as their geographic locations, and identified both sites as being in southern Russia. Boer associated the Dunheithr with the
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In the 17th century, when the Norse sagas became a subject of interest to scholars, they were initially taken as reasonably accurate depictions of historical events. Later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, scholars realized that they were not completely historically accurate.
287:. The sword provides a common link throughout the saga, being passed down through the generations in Arngrímr's family, particularly the saga's main protagonists, Hervör and her son Heiðrekr. This magical sword shares a common property with other mythological weapons such as 542:(Sifeca), Hlǫðr (Hliðe), and Angantýr (Incgenþeow). Tolkien considers that the poem, though seemingly considerably altered over time, once formed part of a continuous poetic narrative that gave a complete description of the Goth-Hun conflict and existed as a separate work. 388:
wage a great battle over their father's inheritance. Hlöðr is aided by the Huns, to whom his mother belonged, but nonetheless Angantýr defeats and kills him. This section of the saga too quotes extensively from a poem describing this battle between the Huns and Goths.
632:) was killed, and his sister (conflated with Hervor) is taken prisoner. In the other battle, the new Langobardian king Lamissio is victorious; Much conflates this battle with that of the Goths and Huns. He also identifies the battlefields to be north of the River 357:. Heiðrekr spends his youth systematically contravening the good advice given to him by his father and fathering sons on several different women. Eventually, he settles down and becomes a wise king. At this point in the saga, Heiðrekr is killed after a 164:
There are three medieval recensions of the saga, each of which is an independent witness to its lost archetype, and which together are the basis for all post-medieval manuscripts of the saga. These are known as versions
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There are many other paper manuscripts of the saga that were copied in the seventeenth century from the manuscripts mentioned above. These include AM 192, AM 193, AM 202 k, AM 354 4to, AM 355 4to, and AM 359 a 4to.
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at Copenhagen. The manuscript is fragmentary, today containing the saga only into chapter 12, that is within the poem on the battle of Goths and Huns. R is in most respects closest witness to the lost archetype of
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off it then continues with text from a common ancestor with R 715. The version dramatically reworks the saga, adding a new opening chapter and including alterations sourced from other sagas, including from the
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It is a testimony to its great age that names appear in genuinely Germanic forms and not in any form remotely influenced by Latin. Names for Goths appear that ceased to be used after 390 CE, such as
477:), the manuscripts and contents are also useful to research into the attitudes and cultures of the periods in which they were composed or written down. Hall thinks the text derives ultimately from 2403: 4833: 3843: 719:) identifies the place where Angantyr revenges his father's (Heithrekr) killing by slaves as being at the foot of the Carpathians, using linguistic analysis based on consonant shifts (see 177:. The saga continued to be copied in manuscript into the nineteenth century, and the relationships of the surviving manuscripts and the ways in which they vary has been studied in detail. 3818: 3813: 2990: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3808: 3803: 3798: 253:
All the different manuscripts of the saga tell a similar story, though with many variations of detail (in particular, the U- and H-versions open with a mythic tale of
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during the 4th century. The final part of the saga, which was likely composed separately from and later than the rest, is a source for Swedish medieval history.
842: 3793: 659:(d. 453 CE) during the later Gepid-Hun conflicts, whereas Schütte identified either Heithrekr or Heathoric as transformations of the name of the Gepid king 3788: 3282: 3212: 2359:
Fell, Christine (1996), Roesdahl, E; Sørensen, P.M. (eds.), "The First Publication of Old Norse literature in England and its relation to its sources",
2744: 532:(or "Battle of the Goths and Huns") has numerous analogues that overlap in topical coverage. The oldest of these is thought to be the Old English poem 4853: 2694: 909:). It was the first full Icelandic poem translated into English, and it aroused interest in England in such works. The work was reprinted in Dryden's 473:
In addition to attempts to understand the relationship between the events in the saga and real-world historical characters, events, and places (see
833:(probably via a now-lost prose saga), in which the hero Ormarr visits his father's burial mound to convince his dead father to give him his sword. 5071: 5051: 2066:
Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks [R] -and- Saga Heiðreks konúngs ens vitra [H] [The Saga of Hervor & King Heidrek the Wise]
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up to the point that a protagonist receives the magic sword from a female figure; Hall surmises that the two may share a narrative origin.
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Hickes's publication inspired various "Gothic" and "Runic odes" based on the poem, of varying quality and faithfulness to the original. (
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contains H in normalised Old Norse, a parallel edition of R in diplomatic transcription, and a separate text of U in diplomatic edition
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R is the version found in the fifteenth-century parchment manuscript Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, MS 2845, formerly held in the
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The section of the saga concerning Heiðrekr's disregard for his father's advice is common to a widely known family of tales (called by
5025: 4765: 4647: 340:, who summons her dead father to claim her inheritance. This section mixes prose with extensive quotations from a poem known today as 2794: 2789: 3670: 2473: 2428: 2392: 1141: 2879: 2819: 1628:
Hljóðkerfi og bragkerfi: Stoðhljóð, tónkvæði og önnur úrlausnarefni í íslenskri bragsögu ásamt útgáfu á Rímum af Ormari Fraðmarssyn
932:) states "he cult of the ubiquitous eighteenth-century poem known as 'The Waking of Angantyr' can be traced directly to its door." 538:. Several of the characters who appear in the battle of the Goths and Huns appear are mentioned in this poem: Heiðrekr (Heaþoric), 32: 5056: 914: 875:('riddle poem') was collected in the 19th century; it is thought by some scholars to derive from the riddle-contest in the saga. 586: 427:. However, this king-list was probably composed separately from the rest of the saga and integrated into it in later redactions. 2864: 2739: 2774: 1993:, ed. by Margaret Clunies Ross, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, 8 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2017), pp. 367–487. 1162: 435:
The saga tells the history of the family of Hervör and Heidrek over several generations. Then, the story turns to the sons of
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the saga. Thus although it is found in the earliest surviving manuscript, H is the third known recension of the saga.
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The saga may be most appreciated for its memorable imagery, as seen in a quotation from one of its translators,
5061: 3998: 2999: 2849: 2680: 512: 4528: 4110: 4083: 4078: 4018: 3993: 3192: 2844: 901:), with the aid of a Swedish scholar, he presented the entire poem in half-line verse similar to that used in 4910: 2834: 2764: 2714: 2369:"Changing style and changing meaning: Icelandic historiography and the medieval redactions of Heiðreks saga" 2064: 461:
son of Hervör. At this point, the setting of the tale changes from the Kingdom of the Goths to somewhere in
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The Waking of Angantyr: The Scandinavian past in European culture / Den nordiske fortid i europæisk kultur
2234:(in Old Norse and English), vol. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 85–91, 163–167, 248–352 884: 75: 4733: 4665: 4655: 2874: 731:
mentioned in association is unidentified, though "Danpar-" has been assumed to be some form of the river
699:); and Niels Clausen Lukman reanalyzing the tale, not in the context of Jordanes' history but in that of 490:(or 'The Waking of Angantýr') was composed specifically for a narrative closely akin to the tale told in 51:
challenges the invading Huns to a pitched battle on behalf of the Goths, from the Scandinavian epic poem
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The end of the saga is only preserved in the U-recension. This version relates that Angantýr had a son,
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further analyzed the textual and historical information. Neckel placed the events after the death of
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In the latter half of the 19th century, Heinzel's theory was predominant and widely accepted. Later,
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The Prose Summary as Antiquarian Tool and Literary Springboard: An Edition and Translation of
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as an adaptation of the Hervor-section of the saga using her as the opera's lead protagonist.
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Antiquités russes d'après les monuments historiques des Islandais et des Anciens Scandinaves
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returning to the western end of the Carpathians; Hermann Schneider placing the Goths in the
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The Reception of Hervarar Saga ok Heiðreks from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century
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Eddica Minora - Dichtungen eddischer Art aus den Fornaldarsögur und anderen Prosawerken
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The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth-century Britain
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poem was translated fairly closely into verse by Beatrice Barmby and included in her
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Further scholarship in the 20th century added more name and place attributions, with
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Two Sagas of Mythical Heroes: Hervor and Heidrek and Hrólf Kraki and His Champions
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Linguarum veterum septentrionalium thesaurus grammatico-criticus et archæologicus
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Helgason, Jón, ed. (1924), "Heiðreks saga: Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks konungs",
118:, on the battle between Goths and Huns; and a third, containing the riddles of 4995: 4715: 4611: 4603: 4483: 4428: 4383: 4378: 4363: 4180: 3879: 3520: 3445: 3440: 3395: 1942:, vol. 48, Copenhagen: Samfund til udgivelse af gammel nordisk litteratur 614: 562: 440: 301:
that, once it has been drawn, it cannot be sheathed until it has drawn blood.
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River but placed the battle further north in central European Russia, in the
17: 4950: 4755: 4723: 4633: 4588: 4488: 4337: 4322: 4063: 3926: 3545: 3495: 3490: 3410: 2589: 1195:"The most conservative surviving version of Heiðreks saga is agreed to be R" 712: 703:. Lukman shifted the date to 386 CE, when a mass migration of peoples under 692: 323: 310: 276: 4955: 4628: 4317: 4210: 3718: 3708: 3678: 3655: 3227: 3114: 3008: 2631: 641: 450: 284: 5000: 4985: 4935: 4920: 4813: 4583: 4468: 4433: 4398: 4312: 4227: 4185: 4088: 4058: 4038: 3958: 3693: 3630: 3610: 3605: 3530: 3525: 3460: 3342: 3262: 3257: 3202: 3187: 3099: 3069: 3054: 3044: 2661: 2539: 2368: 1136:, Münchener Nordistische Studien, 14 (Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2013), 1025: 1017: 847: 704: 602: 598: 570: 454: 315: 305: 195: 108:, on Hervor's visit to her father's grave and her retrieval of the sword 2017: 1594: 1586:
Collapse of the Hunnic Empire: Jordanes, Ardaric and the Battle of Nedao
4945: 4793: 4533: 4453: 4423: 4368: 4286: 4163: 4043: 4033: 3899: 3894: 3713: 3683: 3385: 3380: 3337: 3197: 3154: 3134: 3089: 3049: 3021: 2605: 2579: 2564: 2544: 2523: 767: 732: 673: 660: 621: 594: 566: 534: 458: 436: 350: 327: 319: 280: 268: 261: 109: 609:) proposed alternative attributions for the battles. One, recorded by 4393: 4358: 4068: 3978: 3968: 3921: 3763: 3703: 3415: 3352: 3315: 3267: 3182: 2610: 2569: 1037: 841:
Traditions appearing in the saga have also been preserved in several
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Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
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that separates the Goths from the Huns appears to correspond to the
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from the 13th century combining matter from several older sagas in
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Tyrfingr is retrieved from the barrow by Angantýr's daughter, the
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The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas
1791:, vol. Part 1, 1804, The combat of Hjalmar &c., pp.71-97 1710:
Five pieces of Runic Poetry Translated from the Islandic Language
778:), and the battle with the Huns takes place on the plains of the 4915: 4894: 4728: 4701: 4158: 4153: 3889: 3738: 3660: 3575: 3217: 3207: 3129: 3119: 3109: 3084: 2031:
Hervarar Saga og Heiðreks [The Saga of Hervör and Heithrek ]
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are all in verse and constitute the main surviving evidence for
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Corpus Poeticum Boreale: The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue
2087:, translated by Crawford, Jackson, Indianapolis: Hackett, 2021 98:
corslet and golden helmet, as the Hunnish host came riding on.
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Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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Ward, A.W.; Waller, A.R., eds. (1913), "The Age of Johnson",
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for a long time. Heiðrekr's daughter Hildr was the mother of
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It has inspired later writers and derivative works, such as
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based on the H-text. Presented alongside the Old Norse in:
1723: 1721: 707:(conflated with Hlothr) was destroyed by the Romans on the 2404:
Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
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Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
212:: Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, AM 544), dates to 1270: 1268: 827:
was one source for the fifteenth-century Icelandic poem
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people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
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Then the saga relates how Hervör marries and has a son
1958:
Jónsson, Guðni; Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni, eds. (1943–44),
1630:' (Ph.D. thesis, University of Iceland, 2013), p. 271. 585:, suggested the battle described was the same as the 2855:
Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum í Dana ok Svíaveldi
2204:(in German and Old Norse), F. W. Ruhfus, pp. 1– 1350: 1348: 1346: 1333: 1331: 1163:"Stories for all time: The Icelandic fornaldarsögur" 1082: 1080: 711:; in his reconstruction Heithrekr is the visigothic 589:(451 CE), identifying Angantyr as the Roman general 5013: 4903: 4862: 4781: 4774: 4684: 4646: 4351: 4300: 4259: 4250: 3857: 3779: 3669: 3371: 3306: 3153: 3020: 2997: 2898: 2619: 2598: 2532: 2516: 2490: 1889:
Fornaldar Sögur Norðurlanda: Eptir gömlum handritum
1116: 1114: 1112: 1016:. There are, for instance, warriors similar to the 2155:Heinzel, Richard (1887), "Über die Hervararsaga", 1940:Samfund til udgivelse af gammel nordisk litteratur 1666:English Poetry and Old Norse Myth : A History 1964:, vol. 3 vols, Reyjkjavík: Bókaútgáfan Forni 1028:, haunted barrows yielding enchanted swords (see 878: 809:Örvar-Oddr informs Ingeborg about Hjalmar's death 764:...á Danparstöðum á þeim bæ, er Árheimar heita... 597:, with the incorporation of parts of the general 546:Historicity of "The Battle of the Goths and Huns" 2194:Heusler, Andreas; Ranish, Wilhelm, eds. (1903), 1816: 948:(1900); and into a more "Old English" style by ( 1606:Kapitan, Katarzyna Anna and Lavender, Philip, ' 102:The text contains several poetic sections: the 95: 2423:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2275:Leconte de Lisle, Charles Marie René (1925) , 2103:Petersen, N.M.; Thorarensen, G., eds. (1847), 1713:, Printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall-mall. 1256:"Heiðreks saga: Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks ..." 2962: 2735:Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana 2688: 2467: 2159:(in German), vol. CXIV, pp. 417–519 2014:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 79–150 1924:, vol. 1, S. Kristjánsson, pp. 307– 1012:'s work will recognize, most importantly the 949: 897:. Working from Verelius's 1671 translations ( 723:) in the term "Harvath Mountains". The place 279:. Later, Svafrlami loses it to the berserker 154:Orvar-Odd and Hjalmar bid each other farewell 8: 2038:Christopher Tolkien, ed. and trans. (1960), 605:is the prototype for Gizurr Grytingalithi. ( 4691: 2991:Mythological Norse people, items and places 2282:Oeovres de Leconte de Lisle Peomes Barbares 1804:The Cambridge History of English Literature 1008:There is much in this saga that readers of 4778: 4256: 3017: 2969: 2955: 2947: 2695: 2681: 2673: 2474: 2460: 2452: 2401:Much, Rudolf (1889), "Askibourgion oros", 2251:"13. The Battle of the Goths and the Huns" 3789:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend 1846: 1639: 898: 715:. In an analysis of parts of the tale, ( 264:and how it was forged and cursed by the 1843:Editions, translations, and adaptations 1773: 1727: 1651: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1402: 1390: 1378: 1322: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1242: 1230: 1218: 1206: 1178: 1103: 1071: 1059: 1052: 716: 578: 573:in Ch. 17 of his history of the Goths. 481:, not from the invention of an author. 415:. After Ívarr, there follows a list of 2345:"The Battle of the Goths and the Huns" 2109:(in German and Old Norse), vol. 3 883:At the beginning of the 18th century, 70:(The Saga of Hervör and Heidrek) is a 2069:, translated by Tunstall, Peter, 2005 7: 1739: 1690: 1678: 1617:, 20 (2022), pp. 101–60 (pp. 105–9). 1486: 1414: 1366: 1354: 1337: 1190: 1120: 1086: 929: 606: 558: 304:Arngrímr passes Tyrfingr to his son 137:translated the work into English as 3849:named weapons, armour and treasures 2011:Stories and Ballads of the Far Past 1914:Ásmundarson, Valdimar, ed. (1891), 1832:H, at f. 72v, the start of the saga 973:Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle 5026:Heathenry (new religious movement) 2196:"I Das Lied von der Hunnenschlact" 1991:Poetry in 'Fornaldarsögur': Part 1 784:á vígvöll á Dúnheiði í Dylgjudölum 25: 2785:Heiðreks saga konungs ok Hervarar 2309:"Hervarar saga ok Heidreks kongs" 2259:, Cambridge The University press 2106:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks konungs 2042:The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise 380:After Heiðrekr's death, his sons 139:The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise 3689:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri 2780:Hálfs saga konungs ok Hálfsrekka 2354:, vol. 14, pp. 141–163 2180:(in German), pp. 1–12, 1889 1589:(thesis), University of Ottawa, 879:Hickes' "The Waking of Angantyr" 800:Influence, legacy, and adaptions 587:Battle of the Catalaunian Plains 498:also appear in variant forms in 474: 199:reworking of the same tale, the 54:Battle of the Goths and the Huns 1907:, vol. I, pp. 513–533 1904:Saga Heiðreks konúngs ens vitra 887:published a translation of the 739:(454 CE) have also been noted. 93:, on the invasion of the Huns: 78:. It tells of wars between the 5072:Works about pagan restorations 5052:Fiction set in the 4th century 4126:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán 2745:Frá Fornjóti ok hans ættmönnum 1887:Rafn, C. C., ed. (1829–1830), 1870:Hervarar Saga på Gammal Götska 375:medieval Scandinavian riddling 260:The saga deals with the sword 1: 2383:Mitchell, Stephen A. (1991), 2124:Rafn, Carl Christian (1850), 1867:Verelius, Olaus, ed. (1671), 1583:Mingarelli, Bernardo (2018), 843:Scandinavian medieval ballads 837:Other Scandinavian literature 466: 326:buries the cursed sword in a 213: 2775:Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar 1989:, ed. by Hannah Burrows, in 1752:Smith-Dampier, E.M. (1912), 1664:O'Donoghue, Heather (2014), 1193:, pp-3-4; quote, p.4 : 129:when shaping his legends of 4196:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr 2880:Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar 2755:Gautreks saga ok Gjafa-Refs 2256:Anglo-Saxon and Norse poems 1916:"Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks" 1705:"The Incantation of Hervor" 1032:), an epic battle, and two 923:Five Pieces of Runic Poetry 919:"The Incantation of Hervor" 593:and Hlothr as the Frankish 5088: 4863:Festivals and holy periods 2885:Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns 2770:Hálfdanar saga Brönufóstra 2285:(in French), pp. 73–6 1961:Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda 1806:, vol. X, p. 223 1754:"The Waking of Angantheow" 762:is located on the Dniepr ( 449:. Next, the tale tells of 242: 4131:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr 3844:named animals and plants 2988: 2815:Högna saga Hálfdanarsonar 2810:Hrómundar saga Gripssonar 2800:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar 2710: 2249:Kershaw, N., ed. (1922), 1987:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 1978:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 1921:Fornaldarsögur Nordrlanda 1610:Ormars þáttur Framarsonar 825:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 613:, took place between the 569:, which was described by 371:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 318:against the Swedish hero 308:. Angantýr dies during a 67:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 3952:Black elves (Svartálfar) 2850:Sturlaugs saga starfsama 2820:Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra 2385:Heroic Sagas and Ballads 2126:"VII. La saga de Hervor" 1873:, Upsala: Henricus Curio 820:Old Icelandic literature 735:. Similarities with the 513:Sturlaugs saga starfsama 411:, who was the father of 255:Guðmundr of Glæsisvellir 249:Riddles of Heiðreks saga 5057:13th-century literature 4834:Sacred trees and groves 4074:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa 3947:Light elves (Ljósálfar) 2725:Ásmundar saga kappabana 2715:Af Upplendinga konungum 2325:2027/mdp.39015010535774 2140:2027/mdp.39015046383231 1788:Select Icelandic Poetry 966:Select Icelandic Poetry 954:The Norse King's Bridal 853:Angelfyr og Helmer kamp 484:Hall believes the poem 431:Origins and development 27:Germanic legendary saga 4692: 3942:Dark elves (Dökkálfar) 3591:Narfi (father of Nott) 2840:Ragnars saga loðbrókar 2795:Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis 2790:Helga þáttr Þórissonar 2517:Connected by the sword 2438:Wawn, Andrew (2002) , 2008:Kershaw, Nora (1921), 1776:, pp. xxxiv–xxxv. 1759:The Norse Kings Bridal 1703:Percy, Thomas (1763), 1074:, pp. xxiii–xxiv. 946:Gísli Súrsson: a Drama 871:. The Faroese ballad, 816: 663:. In the early 1900s, 443:tale also told in the 353:, who becomes king of 330:with Angantýr's body. 240: 161: 100: 76:Germanic heroic legend 62: 4084:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi 3363:Sister-wife of Njörðr 2825:Ingvars saga víðförla 2760:Gríms saga loðinkinna 2750:Friðþjófs saga frækna 2730:Bósa saga ok Herrauðs 2367:Hall, Alaric (2005), 1974:based on the R-text. 1826:Manuscript facsimiles 1817:Leconte de Lisle 1862 1626:Haukur Þorgeirsson, ' 911:Poetical Miscellanies 867:, and in the Swedish 807: 669:Richard Constant Boer 601:, whereas the Vandal 583:Über die Hervararsaga 365:(who is disguised as 243:Further information: 232: 152: 91:Nora Kershaw Chadwick 44:make us afraid!" The 35: 4854:Wetlands and islands 3974:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn 2865:Tóka þáttr Tókasonar 2740:Eiríks saga víðförla 2575:Hjalmar and Ingeborg 2373:Scandinavian Studies 2341:Tolkien, Christopher 2058:based on the R-text 1233:, pp. xxix–xxx. 1181:, pp. xxx–xxxi. 1132:Jeffrey Scott Love, 958:Hjálmar's Death-Song 754:(cf. the Latin form 746:(cf. the Latin form 701:Ammianus Marcellinus 638:Carpathian Mountains 409:Hálfdanr the Valiant 182:Danish Royal Library 4136:Narfi (son of Loki) 3283:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr 2926:Sagas of Icelanders 2720:Áns saga bogsveigis 2277:"L'Epée d'Angantyr" 2220:Vigfússon, Gudbrand 2174:"Askiboyrgion oros" 1848: 1654:, pp. 212–223. 1595:10.20381/ruor-21393 1453:, pp. 196–197. 981:"L’Épée d’Angantyr" 917:in amended form as 857:Hjálmar og Angantýr 776:und Harvaða fjöllum 581:), in his analysis 565:and the Gepid king 555:Carl Christian Rafn 135:Christopher Tolkien 4782:Religious practice 4756:Old Norse language 4223:Váli (son of Loki) 4111:Líf and Lífthrasir 4019:Árvakr and Alsviðr 4014:Horses of the Æsir 3994:Hati Hróðvitnisson 3135:Váli (son of Odin) 2978:Old Norse religion 2916:Contemporary sagas 2049:(London: Nelson). 1847: 1693:, pp. 21, 27. 992:Wilhelm Stenhammar 960:was translated by 950:Smith-Dampier 1912 903:Old English poetry 851:, i.e. the Danish 817: 640:, near modern-day 624:; in that battle, 425:Philip Halstensson 403:, who was king of 369:). The riddles of 298:Hrolf Kraki's Saga 241: 238:Peter Nicolai Arbo 162: 158:Mårten Eskil Winge 63: 59:Peter Nicolai Arbo 5039: 5038: 5031:Nordic Bronze Age 5021:Germanic paganism 5009: 5008: 4880:Germanic calendar 4844:Temple at Uppsala 4642: 4641: 4246: 4245: 4206:Þjálfi and Röskva 4150:Personifications 3013:and other figures 2944: 2943: 2899:Other saga genres 2860:Sörla saga sterka 2845:Ragnarssona þáttr 2835:Norna-Gests þáttr 2830:Ketils saga hængs 2805:Hrólfs saga kraka 2765:Göngu-Hrólfs saga 2670: 2669: 2298: 2297: 1668:, pp. 47, 51 1573:, pp. 142–3. 1561:, pp. 151–2. 1549:, pp. 150–1. 1513:, pp. 147–8. 1501:, pp. 146–7. 1429:, p. xiv-xv. 1313:, pp. 81–82. 1221:, pp. 79–80. 990:Swedish composer 907:Old English metre 16:(Redirected from 5079: 4779: 4697: 4464:Grove of fetters 4257: 3964:Fjalar (rooster) 3724:Fjalar and Galar 3018: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2948: 2875:Þjalar-Jóns saga 2697: 2690: 2683: 2674: 2476: 2469: 2462: 2453: 2442: 2434: 2417:Pritsak, Omeljan 2412: 2397: 2379: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2327: 2286: 2260: 2235: 2205: 2181: 2160: 2142: 2110: 2089:, pp. 1–58 2088: 2070: 2048: 2047: 2015: 1981: 1965: 1943: 1925: 1908: 1892: 1874: 1849: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1730:, p. xxxiv. 1725: 1716: 1714: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1631: 1624: 1618: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1341: 1335: 1326: 1320: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1153: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1107: 1101: 1090: 1084: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1010:J. R. R. Tolkien 1004:J. R. R. Tolkien 994:wrote the opera 971:The French poet 813:August Malmström 794:Maeotian marshes 786:). The mythical 685:Otto von Friesen 501:Örvar-Odd's saga 468: 419:, both real and 402: 394:Heiðrekr Ulfhamr 215: 127:J. R. R. Tolkien 21: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5062:Legendary sagas 5042: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5005: 4961:Norse cosmology 4899: 4858: 4770: 4766:Later influence 4680: 4638: 4352:Other locations 4347: 4296: 4242: 4169:Sumarr and Vetr 3853: 3775: 3665: 3466:Gjálp and Greip 3367: 3302: 3149: 3014: 3012: 3003: 2993: 2984: 2975: 2945: 2940: 2911:Chivalric sagas 2894: 2890:Örvar-Odds saga 2706: 2704:Legendary sagas 2701: 2671: 2666: 2615: 2594: 2528: 2512: 2486: 2480: 2450: 2445: 2437: 2431: 2415: 2400: 2395: 2382: 2366: 2358: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2319:: 22–26, 1912, 2307: 2303: 2274: 2248: 2226:, eds. (1883), 2224:Powell, F. York 2218: 2193: 2172: 2154: 2123: 2102: 2083: 2063: 2045: 2039: 2007: 1975: 1957: 1937: 1913: 1901: 1886: 1866: 1845: 1828: 1823: 1815: 1811: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1719: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1634: 1625: 1621: 1605: 1601: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1565: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1465:, p. xxii. 1461: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1425: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1344: 1336: 1329: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1293: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1266: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1245:, p. xxix. 1241: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1170: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1131: 1127: 1119: 1110: 1102: 1093: 1085: 1078: 1070: 1066: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1006: 985:Poèmes barbares 938: 936:Other adaptions 881: 839: 822: 811: 802: 737:Battle of Nedao 689:Arwid Johannson 653:Gudmund Schütte 611:Paul the Deacon 575:Richard Heinzel 548: 433: 396: 322:, whose friend 293:Bödvar Bjarki's 251: 236: 227: 156: 147: 112:; another, the 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5085: 5083: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5044: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4656:Æsir–Vanir War 4652: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4494:Hoddmímis holt 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4328:Körmt and Örmt 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3759:Sons of Ivaldi 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3105:Móði and Magni 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3015: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2906:Bishops' sagas 2902: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2692: 2685: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2464: 2456: 2449: 2448:External links 2446: 2444: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2413: 2398: 2393: 2380: 2364: 2356: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2228:"Eddic Poetry" 2214: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2035: 2034: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1983: 1982: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1910: 1909: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1809: 1794: 1778: 1766: 1762:, pp. 3–9 1744: 1732: 1717: 1695: 1683: 1671: 1656: 1644: 1642:, p. 183. 1632: 1619: 1599: 1575: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1537:, p. 149. 1527: 1525:, p. 148. 1515: 1503: 1491: 1489:, p. 111. 1479: 1477:, p. 146. 1467: 1455: 1443: 1431: 1419: 1407: 1405:, p. 194. 1395: 1393:, p. xii. 1383: 1371: 1359: 1342: 1327: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1279: 1264: 1247: 1235: 1223: 1211: 1209:, p. xxx. 1199: 1183: 1168: 1154: 1125: 1108: 1091: 1076: 1064: 1062:, pp. 56. 1051: 1049: 1046: 1014:riddle contest 1005: 1002: 937: 934: 913:(1716) and by 880: 877: 861:Arngrims synir 855:, the Faroese 838: 835: 821: 818: 801: 798: 547: 544: 479:oral tradition 463:Eastern Europe 453:, daughter of 432: 429: 423:, ending with 421:semi-legendary 413:Ívarr Víðfaðmi 359:riddle contest 234:Hervor's death 226: 223: 202:Hervarar Rímur 146: 143: 72:legendary saga 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5084: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5067:Tyrfing cycle 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4824:Öndvegissúlur 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4804:Heitstrenging 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4751:Völsung Cycle 4749: 4747: 4746:Tyrfing Cycle 4744: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4694:Gesta Danorum 4690: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4666:Fróði's Peace 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4191:Shield-maiden 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865:Ask and Embla 3863: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3326:Ingunar-Freyr 3324: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2931:Saints' sagas 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2870:Völsunga saga 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2637:Gamla Uppsala 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2503:Hervararkviða 2501: 2499: 2498:Hervarar saga 2496: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2484:Tyrfing Cycle 2477: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2447: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2430:0-674-64465-4 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2394:9781501735974 2390: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2343:(1953–1957), 2342: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1819:, p. 73. 1818: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1748: 1745: 1742:, p. 21. 1741: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1640:Mitchell 1991 1636: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1441:, p. xv. 1440: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1381:, p. xi. 1380: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1325:, p. 86. 1324: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1301:, p. 84. 1300: 1295: 1292: 1289:, p. 83. 1288: 1283: 1280: 1277:, p. 82. 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:9783831642250 1139: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1106:, p. 79. 1105: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1089:, p. 14. 1088: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022:shieldmaidens 1019: 1015: 1011: 1003: 1001: 999: 998: 993: 988: 986: 982: 979:in the poem 978: 977:Hervararkviða 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 942:Hervararkviða 935: 933: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899:Verelius 1671 896: 892: 891: 890:Hervararkviða 886: 885:George Hickes 876: 874: 870: 869:Kung Speleman 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849: 844: 836: 834: 832: 831: 826: 819: 814: 810: 806: 799: 797: 795: 791: 790: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 740: 738: 734: 730: 729:Danparstathir 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 697:Crimean Goths 694: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 670: 666: 665:Henrik Schück 662: 658: 654: 650: 649:Gustav Neckel 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 545: 543: 541: 537: 536: 531: 530: 524: 522: 517: 515: 514: 509: 508: 507:Gesta Danorum 503: 502: 497: 496:Heiðreks saga 493: 492:Heiðreks saga 489: 488: 487:Hervararkviða 482: 480: 476: 475:§ Historicity 471: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447: 442: 438: 430: 428: 426: 422: 418: 417:Swedish kings 414: 410: 406: 400: 395: 390: 387: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 344: 339: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 312: 307: 302: 300: 299: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267: 263: 258: 256: 250: 246: 245:Hervararkviða 239: 235: 231: 224: 222: 218: 211: 206: 204: 203: 198: 197: 190: 188: 187:Heiðreks saga 183: 178: 176: 172: 168: 159: 155: 151: 144: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 123: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 105:Hervararkviða 99: 94: 92: 87: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 68: 60: 56: 55: 50: 47: 43: 39: 36:"Neither the 34: 30: 19: 18:Hervarar Saga 4714: 4707: 4700: 4671:Hjaðningavíg 4449:Glæsisvellir 3989:Gullinbursti 3636:Útgarða-Loki 3030:Almáttki áss 2921:Kings' sagas 2784: 2657:Reidgotaland 2642:Glæsisvellir 2555:Gestumblindi 2497: 2491:Attestations 2439: 2420: 2408: 2402: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2360: 2351: 2316: 2312: 2301:Bibliography 2281: 2255: 2231: 2200: 2177: 2156: 2130: 2105: 2084: 2065: 2041: 2029: 2010: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1960: 1939: 1920: 1903: 1891:, Copenhagen 1888: 1869: 1858:translation 1812: 1803: 1797: 1787: 1781: 1774:Tolkien 1960 1769: 1758: 1747: 1735: 1728:Tolkien 1960 1709: 1698: 1686: 1674: 1665: 1659: 1652:Kershaw 1921 1647: 1635: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1602: 1585: 1578: 1571:Tolkien 1953 1566: 1559:Tolkien 1953 1554: 1547:Tolkien 1953 1542: 1535:Tolkien 1953 1530: 1523:Tolkien 1953 1518: 1511:Tolkien 1953 1506: 1499:Tolkien 1953 1494: 1482: 1475:Tolkien 1953 1470: 1463:Tolkien 1960 1458: 1451:Pritsak 1981 1446: 1439:Tolkien 1960 1434: 1427:Tolkien 1960 1422: 1417:, p. 8. 1410: 1403:Pritsak 1981 1398: 1391:Tolkien 1960 1386: 1379:Tolkien 1960 1374: 1369:, p. 7. 1362: 1357:, p. 6. 1340:, p. 1. 1323:Kershaw 1921 1318: 1311:Kershaw 1921 1306: 1299:Kershaw 1921 1294: 1287:Kershaw 1921 1282: 1275:Kershaw 1921 1259: 1250: 1243:Tolkien 1960 1238: 1231:Tolkien 1960 1226: 1219:Kershaw 1921 1214: 1207:Tolkien 1960 1202: 1194: 1186: 1179:Tolkien 1960 1157: 1133: 1128: 1123:, p. 3. 1104:Kershaw 1921 1072:Tolkien 1960 1067: 1060:Tolkien 1960 1055: 1030:Barrow-downs 1007: 995: 989: 984: 980: 976: 975:adapted the 970: 965: 957: 953: 945: 941: 939: 927: 922: 918: 915:Thomas Percy 910: 894: 888: 882: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 846: 840: 830:Ormars rímur 828: 824: 823: 808: 787: 783: 775: 770:dies in the 763: 755: 751: 747: 743: 741: 728: 724: 717:Tolkien 1953 682: 678:Valdai Hills 646: 625: 618: 582: 579:Heinzel 1887 553: 549: 533: 527: 525: 521:Knut Liestøl 518: 511: 505: 499: 495: 491: 485: 483: 472: 444: 434: 405:Reiðgotaland 391: 379: 370: 367:Gestumblindi 355:Reiðgotaland 348: 343:Hervarakviða 341: 335:shieldmaiden 332: 309: 303: 296: 259: 252: 233: 219: 207: 200: 194: 191: 186: 179: 174: 170: 166: 163: 153: 138: 131:Middle-earth 124: 120:Gestumblindi 113: 103: 101: 96: 88: 66: 65: 64: 52: 46:Geatish king 29: 4829:Reginnaglar 4761:Orthography 4734:Jómsvíkinga 4709:Poetic Edda 4622:Urðarbrunnr 4617:Mímisbrunnr 4549:Singasteinn 4479:Hindarfjall 4459:Gnipahellir 4439:Ginnungagap 4414:Fyrisvellir 4409:Fornsigtuna 4343:Vimur River 4333:Slidr River 4106:Jörmungandr 3516:Hrímgrímnir 3145:Vili and Vé 2936:Short tales 2294:verse only 2269:verse only 2243:verse only 2002:verse only 772:Carpathians 721:Grimm's Law 397: [ 145:Manuscripts 133:. His son, 5046:Categories 4996:Viking Age 4971:Philosophy 4839:Sonargöltr 4724:Runestones 4716:Prose Edda 4661:Fimbulvetr 4612:Hvergelmir 4579:Valaskjálf 4539:Sessrúmnir 4509:Jötunheimr 4484:Hlidskjalf 4474:Himinbjörg 4444:Glaðsheimr 4429:Gastropnir 4384:Bilskirnir 4364:Amsvartnir 4277:Gjallarbrú 4260:Underworld 4216:Landvættir 4116:Loddfáfnir 4094:Svaðilfari 4079:Hófvarpnir 4024:Blóðughófi 4004:Hildisvíni 3880:Aurvandill 3641:Vafþrúðnir 3626:Þrúðgelmir 3486:Harðgreipr 2550:Örvar-Oddr 2508:Hlöðskviða 1852:reference 1260:handrit.is 1150:3831642257 1048:References 962:W. Herbert 626:Agelmundus 615:Langobards 563:Ostrogotha 529:Hlöðskviða 457:; then of 446:Hyndluljóð 441:Viking Age 324:Örvar-Oddr 314:(duel) on 115:Hlöðskviða 40:nor their 4951:Mead hall 4885:Þorrablót 4739:Legendary 4634:Yggdrasil 4594:Víðbláinn 4589:Vanaheimr 4564:Þrymheimr 4559:Þrúðvangr 4554:Þrúðheimr 4524:Munarvágr 4514:Mímameiðr 4489:Hnitbjorg 4404:Fólkvangr 4389:Brávellir 4338:Vadgelmir 4323:Kerlaugar 4292:Niðafjöll 4252:Locations 4228:Valkyries 4176:Sæhrímnir 4064:Gulltoppr 4029:Falhófnir 3927:Einherjar 3910:Landdísir 3744:Mótsognir 3734:Hreiðmarr 3646:Víðblindi 3596:Sökkmímir 3586:Mögþrasir 3546:Hyrrokkin 3511:Hrímgerðr 3506:Hræsvelgr 3496:Helreginn 3491:Helblindi 3411:Bergelmir 3075:Ítreksjóð 2982:mythology 2647:Munarvágr 2620:Locations 2590:Svafrlami 2352:Saga-Book 2313:Islandica 1740:Wawn 2002 1691:Wawn 2002 1679:Fell 1996 1487:Rafn 1850 1415:Hall 2005 1367:Hall 2005 1355:Hall 2005 1338:Hall 2005 1191:Hall 2005 1121:Hall 2005 1087:Hall 2005 930:Wawn 2002 873:Gátu ríma 865:Gátu rima 748:Greutungi 713:Athanaric 693:Black Sea 607:Much 1889 559:Rafn 1850 526:The poem 311:holmganga 295:sword in 289:Dáinsleif 277:Svafrlami 275:for king 5014:See also 4936:Hamingja 4890:Vetrnætr 4875:Dísablót 4870:Álfablót 4676:Ragnarök 4584:Valhalla 4574:Útgarðar 4519:Myrkviðr 4504:Járnviðr 4499:Iðavöllr 4419:Gálgviðr 4399:Fensalir 4308:Élivágar 4282:Náströnd 4272:Éljúðnir 4141:Níðhöggr 4089:Sleipnir 4059:Gullfaxi 3959:Fimafeng 3875:Auðumbla 3694:Billingr 3621:Þrívaldi 3606:Suttungr 3561:Járnsaxa 3531:Hrungnir 3461:Gillingr 3456:Geirröðr 3436:Fárbauti 3426:Býleistr 3391:Angrboða 3343:Gullveig 3055:Heimdall 3045:Dellingr 2652:Myrkviðr 2627:Arheimar 2540:Angantyr 2419:(1981). 2266:English 2095:English 2076:English 2055:English 1999:English 1855:edition 1615:Opuscula 1026:Mirkwood 1020:, brave 1018:Rohirrim 925:(1763). 789:Myrkviðr 766:), King 760:Árheimar 756:Tervingi 725:Árheimar 705:Odotheus 630:Agelmund 619:Vulgares 617:and the 603:Geiseric 599:Litorius 571:Jordanes 455:Angantyr 382:Angantýr 351:Heiðrekr 320:Hjálmarr 306:Angantýr 281:Arngrímr 262:Tyrfingr 225:Synopsis 210:Hauksbók 82:and the 42:hornbows 4966:Numbers 4946:Kenning 4819:Worship 4775:Society 4685:Sources 4604:Vingólf 4599:Vígríðr 4569:Uppsala 4534:Okolnir 4454:Glitnir 4424:Gandvik 4379:Bifröst 4369:Andlang 4287:Niflhel 4233:Völundr 4181:Skírnir 4121:Móðguðr 3917:Dragons 3900:Byggvir 3729:Gandalf 3714:Dvalinn 3684:Andvari 3521:Hrímnir 3476:Gunnlöð 3446:Fornjót 3441:Fjölvar 3421:Bölþorn 3396:Aurboða 3386:Alvaldi 3338:Gersemi 3155:Ásynjur 3060:Hermóðr 3050:Forseti 3000:Deities 2599:Dwarves 2565:Heidrek 2545:Arngrim 2524:Tyrfing 2333:Sources 2291:French 2210:German 2186:German 2165:German 2147:French 2116:German 997:Tirfing 983:in his 964:in his 921:in his 893:in his 768:Heidrek 752:Tyrfing 744:Grýting 733:Dnieper 674:Daugava 661:Ardaric 636:in the 622:Bulgars 595:Chlodio 567:Fastida 535:Widsith 459:Heidrek 437:Arngrim 269:Dvalinn 160:(1866). 110:Tyrfing 61:, 1886. 4809:Horses 4648:Events 4629:Ýdalir 4608:Wells 4544:Sindri 4529:Nóatún 4394:Brimir 4359:Asgard 4318:Ífingr 4301:Rivers 4211:Vættir 4069:Gyllir 3979:Fylgja 3969:Fenrir 3922:Draugs 3858:Others 3781:Heroes 3764:Brokkr 3719:Fáfnir 3709:Dúrnir 3704:Durinn 3679:Alvíss 3671:Dwarfs 3656:Vörnir 3566:Laufey 3431:Eggþér 3416:Bestla 3373:Jötnar 3358:Njörðr 3353:Kvasir 3316:Freyja 3268:Snotra 3228:Njörun 3183:Gefjon 3140:Víðarr 3080:Lóðurr 3009:jötnar 3005:dwarfs 2632:Bolmsö 2606:Dvalin 2570:Hervor 2533:People 2427:  2411:: 1–13 2391:  2018:e-text 1861:notes 1148:  1140:  1038:Dwalin 1036:named 1034:dwarfs 815:(1859) 780:Danube 750:) and 709:Danube 695:area ( 657:Attila 642:Kraków 634:Danube 591:Aetius 451:Hervör 338:Hervör 328:barrow 285:Bolmsö 266:dwarfs 173:, and 5001:Völva 4991:Skald 4986:Seiðr 4981:Runes 4976:Rings 4941:Heiti 4926:Galdr 4921:Félag 4911:Death 4904:Other 4814:Hörgr 4729:Sagas 4469:Heiðr 4434:Gimlé 4374:Barri 4313:Gjöll 4238:Vörðr 4201:Troll 4186:Sköll 4146:Norns 4054:Grani 4049:Glenr 4039:Glaðr 4009:Hjúki 3984:Garmr 3937:Elves 3932:Eldir 3905:Dísir 3885:Beyla 3819:Hi–Hy 3769:Eitri 3754:Regin 3699:Dáinn 3651:Vosud 3631:Þrymr 3611:Þjazi 3601:Surtr 3571:Leikn 3541:Hymir 3536:Hrymr 3526:Hroðr 3501:Hljod 3481:Gymir 3471:Gríðr 3451:Gangr 3401:Baugi 3348:Hnoss 3331:Yngvi 3321:Freyr 3308:Vanir 3288:Þrúðr 3263:Skaði 3258:Sjöfn 3253:Sigyn 3238:Rindr 3223:Nanna 3203:Iðunn 3188:Gerðr 3178:Fulla 3173:Frigg 3100:Mímir 3095:Meili 3070:Hœnir 3040:Bragi 3035:Baldr 2662:Samsø 2611:Durin 2585:Sifka 2560:Gizur 2348:(PDF) 2046:(PDF) 1042:Durin 952:) in 905:(see 848:rímur 540:Sifka 401:] 386:Hlöðr 363:Óðinn 361:with 316:Samsø 273:Durin 196:Rímur 80:Goths 49:Gizur 4931:Goði 4916:Ergi 4895:Yule 4794:Blót 4702:Edda 4164:Nótt 4159:Elli 4154:Dagr 4101:Jörð 4044:Glær 4034:Gísl 3895:Búri 3890:Borr 3870:Auðr 3814:H–He 3739:Litr 3661:Ymir 3616:Þökk 3581:Logi 3576:Litr 3406:Beli 3381:Ægir 3243:Sága 3218:Lofn 3213:Irpa 3208:Ilmr 3198:Hlín 3130:Ullr 3120:Thor 3110:Odin 3090:Máni 3085:Loki 3065:Höðr 3022:Æsir 2980:and 2580:Hlöd 2482:The 2425:ISBN 2389:ISBN 2238:yes 2113:yes 2073:yes 2052:yes 2025:yes 1996:yes 1968:yes 1946:yes 1928:yes 1895:yes 1877:yes 1146:ISBN 1138:ISBN 1040:and 940:The 845:and 782:(... 774:(... 687:and 667:and 651:and 439:, a 384:and 291:and 271:and 247:and 84:Huns 38:Huns 4956:Nīþ 4799:Hof 4267:Hel 3999:Hel 3834:T–Y 3829:P–S 3824:I–O 3809:F–G 3804:D–E 3799:B–C 3749:Ótr 3551:Iði 3298:Vör 3293:Vár 3278:Syn 3273:Sól 3248:Sif 3233:Rán 3193:Gná 3168:Eir 3163:Bil 3125:Týr 3115:Óðr 2321:hdl 2263:no 2136:hdl 2092:no 2022:no 1971:no 1949:no 1898:no 1613:', 1591:doi 727:in 283:of 257:). 208:H ( 5048:: 4849:Vé 3556:Ím 3007:, 3002:, 2409:53 2407:, 2387:, 2377:77 2375:, 2371:, 2350:, 2315:, 2311:, 2279:, 2253:, 2230:, 2222:; 2198:, 2176:, 2128:, 2016:, 1918:, 1756:, 1720:^ 1707:, 1345:^ 1330:^ 1267:^ 1258:, 1171:^ 1144:, 1111:^ 1094:^ 1079:^ 1044:. 1024:, 987:. 968:. 956:. 863:, 859:, 796:. 680:. 644:. 467:c. 399:es 377:. 214:c. 205:. 189:. 169:, 141:. 122:. 3794:A 3011:, 2970:e 2963:t 2956:v 2696:e 2689:t 2682:v 2475:e 2468:t 2461:v 2433:. 2323:: 2317:5 2217:* 2138:: 1837:R 1764:. 1715:. 1681:. 1593:: 1197:. 1165:. 1152:. 628:( 577:( 557:( 465:( 175:U 171:H 167:R 20:)

Index

Hervarar Saga

Huns
hornbows
Geatish king
Gizur
Battle of the Goths and the Huns
Peter Nicolai Arbo
legendary saga
Germanic heroic legend
Goths
Huns
Nora Kershaw Chadwick
Hervararkviða
Tyrfing
Hlöðskviða
Gestumblindi
J. R. R. Tolkien
Middle-earth
Christopher Tolkien

Mårten Eskil Winge
Danish Royal Library
Rímur
Hervarar Rímur
Hauksbók

Peter Nicolai Arbo
Hervararkviða
Riddles of Heiðreks saga

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