138:
113:
451:
wind or water has concentrated seeds in shallow depressions or around rocks while pocket mice hunt around under vegetation or debris for individual food items. It has been found that pocket mice forage more efficiently than kangaroo rats and this is thought to be due to the fact that they handle their finds more and are better able to distinguish between food and non-food items.
450:
It has been found that there is little hoarding done in the winter but that food is most commonly stored in the autumn and spring. Heteromyids use sight and olfactory clues to locate possible food and then use their fore-feet to manipulate objects. Kangaroo mice make greater use of clumped food where
421:
to the western United States, Mexico, Central
America and northwestern South America. They are creatures of open country, mostly specialising in prairies, arid lands and desert fringes, but the spiny pocket mice are found in both wet and dry tropical forests in Central and northwestern South America.
496:
there are many closely related species of heteromyid mice and rats. Each has its own niche in the environment which means that they do not unnecessarily compete with each other for the limited available resources. Bailey's pocket mouse climbs into plants and bushes in order to find seeds and berries
488:
creatures. They are eaten by foxes, coyotes, snakes and birds. They have acute hearing and can detect the approaching swoop of an owl or the movements of a snake. Many can leap to avoid the predators as they seek the safety of their burrows. The largest kangaroo rats can leap 2.75 metres (9 ft)
408:
Fur-lined cheek pouches are a feature across the family
Heteromyidae. They have openings near the mouth and extend backwards along the sides of the neck. The fur on the animal's body is in general short and fine and often matches in colour the soil of the region in which the animal lives, being some
404:
teeth in total. In the kangaroo rats, the teeth continue to grow all the time, being worn away as the animal chews. The molars have two-lobed cusps. The upper incisors are grooved and the enamel on the molars is quickly worn away by chewing leaving the dentine exposed. In the kangaroo rats they are
438:
The kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice and pocket mice are adapted for life in deserts and other arid environments where they largely feed on dry seeds. Kangaroo rats have no need to drink because they are able to extract sufficient water from metabolising their food, obtaining half a gram of water from
443:. This is because carrying the food in the mouth would involve wetting it and moisture needs to be conserved as much as possible in dry environments. Most species store the seeds they gather in special chambers in the burrow where they absorb moisture from the humid air. Others, such as
469:
Kangaroo rats have large hind feet with long metatarsals and no first digits. With these they bound around not using their fore feet at all for locomotion. Pocket mice are smaller and can also move with leaps but they normally run around on four limbs. Members of the genus
364:) with a body length of 15 cm (6 in) and a tail a little longer than this. In many species the tail is tufted and is mainly used for balance. Other adaptations include partially fused vertebrae in the neck, short fore limbs and much enlarged
458:, feeding and moving about at night and resting deep in their burrows during the day. Here it is cooler and more humid which conserves moisture and the animals may temporarily block the entrances to augment this. They are able to concentrate their
368:(bubble-shaped bones in the skull). The skulls vary widely across the group but they are all thin and papery and do not have the robust cranial crests and ridges found on the skulls of members of the family
439:
each gram of seeds eaten. They carry most of the seeds they find back to their burrows in exterior cheek folds lined with fur rather than in cheek pouches inside the mouth as do
1671:
426:, the extent of arid lands across the United States was greater than it is today and these animals occurred more widely. Fossils of kangaroo rats are known from the
3382:
2924:
3421:
2684:
2359:
1581:
Lawhon, Debra K.; Hafner, Mark S. (1981). "Tactile
Discriminatory Ability and Foraging Strategies in Kangaroo Rats and Pocket Mice (Rodentia: Heteromyidae)".
3500:
501:
plant. Merriam's kangaroo rat primarily moves rapidly from one bush to another gathering seed but overlooking anything lying on the desert floor. The
3356:
3505:
3395:
1835:
1460:
409:
shade of buff, pale brown, reddish-brown or grey. The spiny pocket mice have coarser fur and spiky bristles on the back near the tail.
2917:
2662:
2677:
2352:
1874:
1444:
619:
2790:
1669:(Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Central and Eastern Venezuela, with the Description of a New Species from the Cordillera de la Costa".
574:
2902:
2837:
2806:
2510:
630:
592:
3413:
3400:
2861:
2822:
2798:
657:
610:
583:
2910:
2758:
536:
2877:
2670:
2345:
675:
137:
3408:
3304:
3006:
2869:
2845:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2526:
1747:
Hafner, J. C.; Light, J. E.; Hafner, D. J.; Hafner, M. S.; Reddington, E.; Rogers, D. S.; Riddle, B. R. (2007-10-18).
1024:
784:
666:
639:
563:
554:
545:
237:
1817:
3030:
2998:
2853:
2814:
2590:
2582:
2566:
2494:
1051:
1015:
856:
847:
829:
757:
648:
601:
3426:
1175:
Hafner et al. (2007) summarized the molecular and morphological data to date and proposed the following taxonomy:
3490:
3205:
3165:
3062:
2598:
2518:
2337:
1716:
1087:
987:
942:
865:
775:
444:
3495:
3213:
3189:
3149:
3054:
2486:
1078:
996:
969:
924:
748:
3094:
3014:
2534:
1725:
1123:
1033:
793:
3038:
3022:
2454:
2446:
1665:
Anderson, R. P.; Gutiérrez, E. E (December 2009). "Taxonomy, Distribution, and
Natural History of the Genus
1060:
1042:
721:
712:
454:
These animals excavate long burrow systems with passages, chambers and multiple entrances. They are largely
3244:
3046:
2478:
1069:
3485:
3447:
3228:
3110:
2892:
2652:
2558:
1867:
1141:
820:
568:
3309:
2550:
811:
497:
still attached to the plant. It is the only species able to eat the wax found inside the seeds of the
462:
to a viscous consistency which further reduces water loss. Under extreme conditions, some are able to
340:
Although they are very different in physical appearance, the closest relatives of the heteromyids are
3330:
3291:
3157:
2831:
2574:
1590:
1385:
933:
838:
624:
1376:
Morton, S. R.; Hinds, D. S.; MacMillen, R. E. (1980). "Cheek pouch capacity in heteromyid rodents".
3197:
3173:
3102:
3070:
2637:
2629:
2542:
2462:
2251:
2198:
1132:
1096:
978:
951:
894:
885:
802:
730:
502:
120:
3181:
3126:
3086:
2502:
2470:
2438:
2092:
1801:
1729:
1688:
1622:
1606:
1409:
1159:
1114:
960:
766:
739:
706:
357:
132:
1825:
1436:
1429:
3452:
3282:
1499:
3434:
3317:
3118:
3078:
2076:
1841:
1831:
1614:
1440:
1401:
1150:
1105:
373:
3387:
1525:
1468:
3462:
3439:
1920:
1860:
1791:
1760:
1721:
1680:
1598:
1393:
273:
214:
2129:
1946:
1813:
1560:
377:
1640:
1594:
1389:
2612:
2315:
2166:
505:
forages across the open desert floor and gathers seeds that have fallen to the ground.
493:
365:
380:, which moves the lower jaw, is set far forward on the snout, an arrangement found in
112:
3479:
3296:
2323:
2275:
1975:
1821:
1269:
1223:
909:
878:
389:
341:
326:
309:
285:
260:
70:
1852:
1692:
1626:
1413:
1356:. Most authorities prior to this (Alexander and Riddle, 2005; Patton, 2005) treated
3322:
2698:
2421:
2373:
2307:
1930:
1805:
1733:
1347:
1192:
690:
521:
455:
281:
256:
252:
3369:
3276:
3140:
2989:
2938:
2241:
2190:
1300:
1283:
1009:
918:
463:
372:. The skull has other peculiarities. There is an extra hole that penetrates the
352:
There are about fifty-nine members of the family
Heteromyidae divided among six
334:
289:
45:
2978:
2738:
2410:
2299:
2283:
2223:
2208:
2108:
2100:
2084:
2008:
1998:
1991:
1765:
1748:
223:
199:
90:
55:
3267:
3343:
2749:
2291:
2153:
2145:
2059:
2052:
2036:
1845:
1352:
1256:
1206:
699:
530:
485:
472:
423:
369:
317:
305:
293:
231:
149:
95:
1618:
1405:
476:, the spiny pocket mice, move around on all fours and do not leap at all.
398:
395:
17:
3261:
2966:
2960:
2726:
2720:
2398:
2392:
2259:
2231:
2069:
1962:
1954:
1914:
1902:
427:
381:
169:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2215:
2116:
1610:
1602:
1397:
440:
418:
100:
75:
1796:
1779:
1708:"A new montane species of spiny pocket mouse (Rodentia, Heteromyidae,
3374:
2972:
2954:
2732:
2714:
2404:
2386:
2015:
1908:
1896:
1884:
498:
385:
322:
301:
277:
189:
179:
159:
3361:
3238:
1707:
1684:
1530:
Pleistocene vertebrates of
Arizona, New Mexico and Trans-pecos Texas
3348:
2182:
1830:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 844–858.
459:
353:
313:
1827:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2267:
330:
3242:
2906:
2666:
2341:
1856:
1749:"Basal Clades and Molecular Systematics of Heteromyid Rodents"
484:
Kangaroo rats and pocket mice form a part of the diet of many
3335:
392:, heteromyids and a few other groups. The dental formula is
1780:"Phylogenetics of the New World rodent family Heteromyidae"
333:
and other plant parts, which they carry in their fur-lined
1965:(Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs)
1726:
10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3509[1:ANMSOS]2.0.CO;2
1500:"Heteromyidae: kangaroo rats, pocket mice, and relatives"
356:. They are all small rodents, the largest being the
3251:
3138:
2987:
2747:
2610:
2419:
2165:
2128:
2035:
1974:
1929:
1672:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1428:
2087:(Zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats, blind mole rats)
405:unrooted but in the pocket mice they have roots.
325:and their range extends as far south as northern
1561:"Heteromyidae: Kangaroo Rats & Pocket Mice"
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1427:Fleming, Theodore (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
447:, bury them in shallow caches in the open air.
2918:
2678:
2353:
1868:
8:
1526:"Heteromyidae—Kangaroo Rats and Pocket Mice"
1506:. University of Michigan: Museum of Zoology
1342:Finding that the formerly recognized genus
3239:
2925:
2911:
2903:
2685:
2671:
2663:
2360:
2346:
2338:
1875:
1861:
1853:
111:
31:
1795:
1764:
1778:Alexander, L. F.; Riddle, B. R. (2005).
1368:
2062:(Jerboas, jumping mice and birch mice)
2026:(Kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice)
1706:Anderson, R. P.; Timm, R. N. (2006).
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
376:, distinctive occluded teeth and the
7:
1435:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
1275:
1248:
1198:
1188:
1178:
300:live in complex burrows within the
25:
620:Cloud-dwelling spiny pocket mouse
3501:Extant Miocene first appearances
1532:. University of Texas at El Paso
1524:Harris, Arthur H. (2012-11-23).
136:
2791:Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse
1712:) from northwestern Costa Rica"
3506:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
2759:Panamanian spiny pocket mouse
1563:. Arizona-Sonoro Desert Museum
575:Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse
1:
2878:Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse
2838:Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse
2807:Goldman's spiny pocket mouse
2511:San José Island kangaroo rat
2103:(Malagasy rats and relatives)
537:Panamanian spiny pocket mouse
3007:Narrow-skulled pocket mouse
2870:Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse
2862:Salvin's spiny pocket mouse
2846:Mountain spiny pocket mouse
2823:Nelson's spiny pocket mouse
2799:Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse
2783:Overlook spiny pocket mouse
2775:Southern spiny pocket mouse
2767:Trinidad spiny pocket mouse
2632:(Microdipodops megacephalus)
2527:Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat
2302:(Spiny rats, coypus, hutias)
676:Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse
631:Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse
593:Goldman's spiny pocket mouse
312:, though species within the
2999:Little desert pocket mouse
2854:Painted spiny pocket mouse
2815:Mexican spiny pocket mouse
2583:Banner-tailed kangaroo rat
2326:(Chinchillas and viscachas)
2119:(House mouse and relatives)
1431:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1025:Narrow-skulled pocket mouse
785:Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat
667:Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse
658:Salvin's spiny pocket mouse
640:Mountain spiny pocket mouse
611:Nelson's spiny pocket mouse
584:Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse
564:Overlook spiny pocket mouse
555:Southern spiny pocket mouse
546:Trinidad spiny pocket mouse
3522:
3200:(Perognathus longimembris)
3166:Olive-backed pocket mouse
3105:(Chaetodipus penicillatus)
3025:(Chaetodipus californicus)
2793:(Heteromys desmarestianus)
2599:Narrow-faced kangaroo rat
2244:(New World hystricognaths)
1016:Little desert pocket mouse
899:Microdipodops megacephalus
848:Banner-tailed kangaroo rat
649:Painted spiny pocket mouse
602:Mexican spiny pocket mouse
466:in chambers under ground.
3225:
3214:Great Basin pocket mouse
3190:San Joaquin pocket mouse
3150:White-eared pocket mouse
3081:(Chaetodipus intermedius)
3055:Long-tailed pocket mouse
2949:
2933:Extant species of family
2889:
2709:
2693:Extant species of family
2649:
2567:Phillips's kangaroo rat (
2487:San Quintin kangaroo rat
2381:
2368:Extant species of family
1891:
1883:Extant families in order
1766:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-413R1.1
1717:American Museum Novitates
1504:ADW: Animal Diversity Web
1297:
1280:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1220:
1203:
1196:
1186:
943:Olive-backed pocket mouse
866:Narrow-faced kangaroo rat
694:— kangaroo rats and mice
344:in the family Geomyidae.
250:
245:
229:
222:
133:Scientific classification
131:
119:
110:
34:
3176:(Perognathus flavescens)
3039:Chihuahuan pocket mouse
3031:Dalquest's pocket mouse
3023:California pocket mouse
2640:(Microdipodops pallidus)
2591:Stephens's kangaroo rat
2561:(Dipodomys panamintinus)
2495:Heermann's kangaroo rat
2481:(Dipodomys elephantinus)
2455:Gulf Coast kangaroo rat
2449:(Dipodomys californicus)
2447:California kangaroo rat
2111:(Hamsters and relatives)
1467:. ARKive. Archived from
1350:, they subsumed it into
1137:Chaetodipus penicillatus
1079:Long-tailed pocket mouse
1047:Chaetodipus californicus
997:Great Basin pocket mouse
983:Perognathus longimembris
970:San Joaquin pocket mouse
925:White-eared pocket mouse
749:San Quintin kangaroo rat
579:Heteromys desmarestianus
3206:Merriam's pocket mouse
3192:(Perognathus inornatus)
3168:(Perognathus fasciatus)
3121:(Chaetodipus rudinoris)
3063:Goldman's pocket mouse
3047:San Diego pocket mouse
3033:(Chaetodipus dalquesti)
3001:(Chaetodipus arenarius)
2872:(Heteromys spectabilis)
2785:(Heteromys catopterius)
2585:(Dipodomys spectabilis)
2545:(Dipodomys nitratoides)
2519:Merriam's kangaroo rat
2479:Big-eared kangaroo rat
1110:Chaetodipus intermedius
1061:Chihuahuan pocket mouse
1052:Dalquest's pocket mouse
1043:California pocket mouse
857:Stephens's kangaroo rat
830:Phillips's kangaroo rat
758:Heermann's kangaroo rat
722:Gulf Coast kangaroo rat
713:California kangaroo rat
3208:(Perognathus merriami)
3152:(Perognathus alticola)
3129:(Chaetodipus spinatus)
3111:Sinaloan pocket mouse
3095:Nelson's pocket mouse
3089:(Chaetodipus lineatus)
3073:(Chaetodipus hispidus)
3065:(Chaetodipus goldmani)
3057:(Chaetodipus formosus)
3041:(Chaetodipus eremicus)
3015:Bailey's pocket mouse
2559:Panamint kangaroo rat
2535:Nelson's kangaroo rat
2278:(Agoutis and acouchis)
2254:(New World porcupines)
2201:(Old World porcupines)
1824:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1088:Goldman's pocket mouse
1070:San Diego pocket mouse
988:Merriam's pocket mouse
956:Perognathus flavescens
890:Microdipodops pallidus
825:Dipodomys panamintinus
776:Merriam's kangaroo rat
717:Dipodomys californicus
445:Merriam's kangaroo rat
329:. They feed mostly on
3448:Paleobiology Database
3097:(Chaetodipus nelsoni)
3017:(Chaetodipus baileyi)
2848:(Heteromys oresterus)
2817:(Heteromys irroratus)
2777:(Heteromys australis)
2761:(Heteromys adspersus)
2593:(Dipodomys stephensi)
2575:Dulzura kangaroo rat
2569:Dipodomys phillipsii)
2513:(Dipodomys insularis)
2497:(Dipodomys heermanni)
2457:(Dipodomys compactus)
2310:(Degus and relatives)
2095:(Mouse-like hamsters)
1818:"Family Heteromyidae"
1461:"Giant kangaroo rat (
1360:as a separate genus.
1155:Chaetodipus rudinoris
1142:Sinaloan pocket mouse
1124:Nelson's pocket mouse
1056:Chaetodipus dalquesti
1034:Bailey's pocket mouse
1020:Chaetodipus arenarius
974:Perognathus inornatus
947:Perognathus fasciatus
852:Dipodomys spectabilis
821:Panamint kangaroo rat
807:Dipodomys nitratoides
794:Nelson's kangaroo rat
671:Heteromys spectabilis
569:Heteromys catopterius
125:Dipodomys nitratoides
3216:(Perognathus parvus)
3198:Little pocket mouse
3184:(Perognathus flavus)
3174:Plains pocket mouse
3160:(Perognathus amplus)
3158:Arizona pocket mouse
3113:(Chaetodipus pernix)
3103:Desert pocket mouse
3071:Hispid pocket mouse
3049:(Chaetodipus fallax)
2832:Heteromys nubicolens
2809:(Heteromys goldmani)
2769:(Heteromys anomalus)
2638:Pale kangaroo mouse
2630:Dark kangaroo mouse
2601:(Dipodomys venustus)
2577:(Dipodomys simulans)
2543:Fresno kangaroo rat
2521:(Dipodomys merriami)
2489:(Dipodomys gravipes)
2463:Desert kangaroo rat
1784:Journal of Mammalogy
1753:Journal of Mammalogy
1164:Chaetodipus spinatus
1119:Chaetodipus lineatus
1101:Chaetodipus hispidus
1092:Chaetodipus goldmani
1083:Chaetodipus formosus
1065:Chaetodipus eremicus
992:Perognathus merriami
934:Arizona pocket mouse
929:Perognathus alticola
839:Dulzura kangaroo rat
834:Dipodomys phillipsii
625:Heteromys nubicolens
525:— spiny pocket mice
41:Early Miocene–Recent
3182:Silky pocket mouse
3127:Spiny pocket mouse
3087:Lined pocket mouse
3009:(Chaetodipus artus)
2864:(Heteromys salvini)
2840:(Heteromys oasicus)
2825:(Heteromys nelsoni)
2801:(Heteromys gaumeri)
2701:(Spiny pocket mice)
2551:Ord's kangaroo rat
2537:(Dipodomys nelsoni)
2529:(Dipodomys microps)
2503:Giant kangaroo rat
2471:Texas kangaroo rat
2465:(Dipodomys deserti)
2439:Agile kangaroo rat
1643:Chaetodipus baileyi
1595:1981Oecol..50..303L
1390:1980Oecol..46..143M
1133:Desert pocket mouse
1128:Chaetodipus nelsoni
1097:Hispid pocket mouse
1038:Chaetodipus baileyi
979:Little pocket mouse
952:Plains pocket mouse
895:Dark kangaroo mouse
886:Pale kangaroo mouse
861:Dipodomys stephensi
803:Fresno kangaroo rat
762:Dipodomys heermanni
731:Desert kangaroo rat
726:Dipodomys compactus
644:Heteromys oresterus
606:Heteromys irroratus
559:Heteromys australis
541:Heteromys adspersus
515:Family Heteromyidae
503:desert pocket mouse
489:in a single bound.
121:Fresno kangaroo rat
3119:Baja pocket mouse
3079:Rock pocket mouse
2880:(Heteromys teleus)
2856:(Heteromys pictus)
2505:(Dipodomys ingens)
2473:(Dipodomys elator)
2441:(Dipodomys agilis)
2193:(Laotian rock rat)
2173:("Porcupine-like")
2136:("Anomalure-like")
2079:(Oriental dormice)
2077:Platacanthomyidae
1603:10.1007/bf00344967
1398:10.1007/BF00540118
1160:Spiny pocket mouse
1146:Chaetodipus pernix
1115:Lined pocket mouse
1074:Chaetodipus fallax
1001:Perognathus parvus
965:Perognathus flavus
961:Silky pocket mouse
938:Perognathus amplus
870:Dipodomys venustus
843:Dipodomys simulans
812:Ord's kangaroo rat
780:Dipodomys merriami
767:Giant kangaroo rat
753:Dipodomys gravipes
740:Texas kangaroo rat
709:, Dipodomys agilis
707:Agile kangaroo rat
597:Heteromys goldmani
550:Heteromys anomalus
358:giant kangaroo rat
337:to their burrows.
321:are also found in
3473:
3472:
3435:Open Tree of Life
3245:Taxon identifiers
3236:
3235:
2942:
2900:
2899:
2702:
2660:
2659:
2623:
2553:(Dipodomys ordii)
2432:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2318:(Chinchilla rats)
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2176:
2157:
2149:
2139:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2063:
2046:
2027:
2019:
2002:
1985:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1949:(Mountain beaver)
1940:
1937:("Squirrel-like")
1837:978-0-8018-8221-0
1797:10.1644/BER-120.1
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1235:
1234:
1151:Baja pocket mouse
1106:Rock pocket mouse
1029:Chaetodipus artus
798:Dipodomys nelsoni
789:Dipodomys microps
735:Dipodomys deserti
662:Heteromys salvini
635:Heteromys oasicus
615:Heteromys nelsoni
588:Heteromys gaumeri
294:spiny pocket mice
267:
266:
218:
27:Family of rodents
16:(Redirected from
3513:
3491:Geomyoid rodents
3466:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3325:
3313:
3312:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3240:
2940:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2700:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2183:Ctenodactylidae
2175:
2174:
2170:
2155:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2061:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2025:
2018:(Pocket gophers)
2017:
2000:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1921:Euarchontoglires
1877:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1849:
1809:
1799:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1759:(5): 1129–1145.
1744:
1738:
1737:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1463:Dipodomys ingens
1457:
1451:
1450:
1434:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1373:
1276:
1249:
1199:
1189:
1179:
882:— kangaroo mice
771:Dipodomys ingens
744:Dipodomys elator
703:— kangaroo rats
680:Heteromys teleus
653:Heteromys pictus
417:Heteromyids are
403:
401:
400:
397:
362:Dipodomys ingens
213:
141:
140:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3496:Rodent families
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3381:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3221:
3134:
2983:
2945:
2931:
2901:
2896:
2885:
2743:
2705:
2691:
2661:
2656:
2645:
2620:(Kangaroo mice)
2619:
2618:
2616:
2606:
2429:(Kangaroo rats)
2428:
2427:
2425:
2415:
2377:
2366:
2336:
2331:
2252:Erethizontidae
2172:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:Anomaluromorpha
2124:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2031:
1982:("Beaver-like")
1981:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1925:
1887:
1881:
1838:
1812:
1777:
1774:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1685:10.1206/582-2.1
1664:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1559:Merlin, Pinau.
1558:
1557:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1236:
816:Dipodomys ordii
511:
482:
436:
415:
394:
393:
378:masseter muscle
350:
259:
255:
241:
235:
212:
135:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3444:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3392:
3379:
3366:
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3301:
3288:
3273:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2939:Perognathinae
2932:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:Chinchillidae
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2276:Dasyproctidae
2273:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2232:Thryonomyidae
2229:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2167:Hystricomorpha
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:("Mouse-like")
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1947:Aplodontiidae
1943:
1941:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1836:
1810:
1790:(2): 366–379.
1773:
1772:
1739:
1720:(3509): 1–38.
1698:
1657:
1632:
1589:(3): 303–309.
1573:
1542:
1516:
1481:
1452:
1445:
1419:
1384:(2): 143–146.
1367:
1365:
1362:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1005:
1004:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
913:— pocket mice
905:
904:
903:
902:
901:
892:
874:
873:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
561:
552:
543:
510:
507:
494:Sonoran Desert
481:
478:
435:
432:
414:
411:
390:pocket gophers
349:
346:
342:pocket gophers
280:consisting of
265:
264:
248:
247:
243:
242:
236:
227:
226:
220:
219:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
129:
128:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3518:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3464:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2977:Superfamily:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2941:(Pocket mice)
2936:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2737:Superfamily:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:Heteromyinae
2696:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2613:Microdipodops
2609:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2409:Superfamily:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:Octodontidae
2306:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:Petromuridae
2222:
2220:
2216:Bathyergidae
2214:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2156:(Springhares)
2152:
2150:
2146:Anomaluridae
2144:
2143:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:Calomyscidae
2091:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:Heteromyidae
2022:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:Castorimorpha
1973:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1647:. Smithsonian
1646:
1644:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1505:
1501:
1498:Myers, Phil.
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1471:on 2017-11-13
1470:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1446:0-87196-871-1
1442:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:Perognathinae
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:Microdipodops
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1165:
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347:
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335:cheek pouches
332:
328:
327:South America
324:
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311:
310:North America
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:kangaroo mice
283:
282:kangaroo rats
279:
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263:
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258:
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97:
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82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3486:Heteromyidae
3297:Heteromyidae
3283:Heteromyidae
3253:Heteromyidae
3252:
3227:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3139:
3128:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3064:
3056:
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3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2988:
2935:Heteromyidae
2934:
2891:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2830:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2748:
2695:Heteromyidae
2694:
2651:
2639:
2631:
2611:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
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2544:
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2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2420:
2374:Dipodomyinae
2370:Heteromyidae
2369:
2316:Abrocomidae
2294:(Tuco-tucos)
2292:Ctenomyidae
2268:Cuniculidae
2242:Caviomorpha
2226:(Dassie rat)
2199:Hystricidae
2191:Diatomyidae
2148:(Anomalures)
2023:
1931:Sciuromorpha
1919:Superorder:
1913:Infraclass:
1826:
1822:Wilson, D.E.
1814:Patton, J.L.
1787:
1783:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1715:
1709:
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1649:. Retrieved
1642:
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1529:
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1469:the original
1462:
1455:
1430:
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1381:
1377:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1348:paraphyletic
1343:
1341:
1299:
1298:
1282:
1281:
1255:
1254:
1222:
1221:
1205:
1204:
1193:Dipodomyinae
1183:Heteromyidae
1182:
1174:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
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1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
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815:
806:
797:
788:
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770:
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734:
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716:
698:
691:Dipodomyinae
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
623:
614:
605:
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587:
578:
567:
558:
549:
540:
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522:Heteromyinae
519:
514:
491:
483:
471:
468:
453:
449:
437:
416:
413:Distribution
407:
361:
351:
339:
316:
297:
270:Heteromyidae
269:
268:
257:Heteromyinae
253:Dipodomyinae
251:
246:Subfamilies
230:
210:Heteromyidae
209:
124:
29:
3370:iNaturalist
3277:Wikispecies
3141:Perognathus
2990:Chaetodipus
2937:(subfamily
2697:(subfamily
2372:(subfamily
2300:Echimyidae
2284:Dinomyidae
2234:(Cane rats)
2109:Cricetidae
2101:Nesomyidae
2085:Spalacidae
1999:Castoridae
1992:Castoroidea
1301:Chaetodipus
1284:Perognathus
1010:Chaetodipus
919:Perognathus
422:During the
348:Description
308:of western
298:heteromyids
290:pocket mice
35:Heteromyids
3480:Categories
2979:Geomyoidea
2739:Geomyoidea
2411:Geomyoidea
2286:(Pacarana)
2218:(Blesmols)
2209:Phiomorpha
2154:Pedetidae
2060:Dipodidae
2053:Dipodoidea
2016:Geomyidae
2009:Geomyoidea
1963:Sciuridae
1651:2013-09-15
1567:2013-09-15
1536:2013-09-15
1510:2013-09-15
1475:2013-09-15
1364:References
908:Subfamily
689:Subfamily
520:Subfamily
306:grasslands
224:Type genus
200:Geomyoidea
18:Heteromyid
2953:Kingdom:
2750:Heteromys
2713:Kingdom:
2422:Dipodomys
2385:Kingdom:
2260:Caviidae
2037:Myomorpha
2001:(Beavers)
1957:(Dormice)
1955:Gliridae
1895:Kingdom:
1710:Heteromys
1679:: 33–93.
1667:Heteromys
1583:Oecologia
1378:Oecologia
1353:Heteromys
1257:Heteromys
1207:Dipodomys
700:Dipodomys
531:Heteromys
486:predatory
473:Heteromys
464:aestivate
456:nocturnal
434:Behaviour
424:Oligocene
382:squirrels
370:Geomyidae
318:Heteromys
238:Desmarest
232:Heteromys
156:Kingdom:
150:Eukaryota
3414:12700001
3262:Wikidata
3229:Category
2973:Rodentia
2967:Mammalia
2961:Chordata
2959:Phylum:
2955:Animalia
2893:Category
2733:Rodentia
2727:Mammalia
2721:Chordata
2719:Phylum:
2715:Animalia
2653:Category
2405:Rodentia
2399:Mammalia
2393:Chordata
2391:Phylum:
2387:Animalia
2262:(Cavies)
2185:(Gundis)
2117:Muridae
2070:Muroidea
1915:Eutheria
1909:Mammalia
1903:Chordata
1901:Phylum:
1897:Animalia
1885:Rodentia
1846:62265494
1816:(2005).
1693:41011596
1627:26907954
1619:28309045
1414:20685098
1406:28309665
509:Taxonomy
441:hamsters
428:Pliocene
402:× 2 = 20
206:Family:
190:Rodentia
180:Mammalia
170:Chordata
166:Phylum:
160:Animalia
146:Domain:
3268:Q607610
2971:Order:
2965:Class:
2731:Order:
2725:Class:
2403:Order:
2397:Class:
2270:(Pacas)
1907:Class:
1806:7246837
1734:1353074
1611:4216466
1591:Bibcode
1437:632–633
1386:Bibcode
492:In the
480:Ecology
419:endemic
399:1.0.1.3
396:1.0.1.3
386:beavers
374:rostrum
323:forests
302:deserts
296:. Most
278:rodents
186:Order:
176:Class:
3463:110219
3460:uBio:
3440:342252
3401:180231
3388:111531
3349:1HETMF
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1358:Liomys
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697:Genus
528:Genus
499:jojoba
366:bullae
354:genera
274:family
240:, 1817
217:, 1868
3453:41673
3427:10015
3383:IRMNG
3375:44081
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1802:S2CID
1730:S2CID
1689:S2CID
1623:S2CID
1607:JSTOR
1410:S2CID
460:urine
331:seeds
314:genus
272:is a
3422:NCBI
3396:ITIS
3362:5504
3357:GBIF
3344:EPPO
3336:8694
3310:1032
3305:BOLD
1842:OCLC
1832:ISBN
1615:PMID
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304:and
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