33:
55:
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which means they have the capacity to move around but not always will they exhibit it. Heterocyathus could have zooxanthellae in shallow water, however, they may live on without symbiotic algae at deeper depths. The
Heterocyathus species is sometimes hermatypic or a hard coral primarily responsible
509:
Heterocyathus has both a mutualism and parasitism relationship with another organism called the Albian scleractinian- sipunculan (commonly known as a type of worm). The coral benefits since the worm offers nutrients and food, meanwhile the worm benefits since the coral is a form of protection or
500:
characteristics and hence are seen in deeper areas of water. They are microcarnivores feeding on tiny organisms. A species of hermit crabs, Diogenidae
Heteropsammia, allows for the Heterocyathus the ability to roam around the seafloor.
707:
Hoeksema, B.W. & M.B. Best, 1991. New observations on scleractinian corals from
Indonesia: 2. Sipunculan-associated species belonging to the genera Heterocyathus and Heteropsammia. ? Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 65:
633:
Wijsman-Best M, Faure G, Pichon M. (1980). Contribution to the knowledge of the stony corals from the
Seychelles and Eastern Africa. Revue Zoologique Africaine. 3: 600-627, pls. 9-`12.
550:
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2019). World List of
Scleractinia. Heterocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at:
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A new species of hermit crab, Diogenes heteropsammicola (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae), replaces a mutualistic sipunculan in a walking coral symbiosis
845:
698:
Stolarski, J., Zibrowius, H., & Loser, H. A. N. N. E. S. (2001). Antiquity of the scleractinian-sipunculan symbiosis. Acta
Palaeontologica Polonica, 46(3).
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shelter. However, if the shell of the coral outgrows the worm, the worm benefits by gaining total protection, thus making a parasitism relationship
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for reef-building. In the case of
Heterocyathus, reefs are made as the species produces layers of calcium carbonate beneath their bodies. They show
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595:"Partial bleaching in an assemblage of small apozooxanthellate corals of the genera Heteropsammia and Heterocyathus"
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Milne
Edwards, H. & Haime, J. (1848). "Recherches sur les Polypiers. Deuxième Mémoire".
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http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0184311
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http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206380
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670:"Heterocyathus Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 (stony coral)"
623:– via Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
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8:
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593:Hoeksema, B. W.; Matthews, J. L. (2015).
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268:Heterocyathus aequicostatus parasiticus
300:Reyes, Santodomingo & Cairns, 2009
254:Heterocyathus aequicostatus delicatus
7:
14:
471:(Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1857)
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536:. Monographie des Turbinolides.
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461:Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1848
205:Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1851
189:Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1851
181:Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1851
534:Annals des Sciences Naturelles
1:
644:"microcarnivore - Wiktionary"
242:Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848
178:Heterocyathus (Stephanoseris)
437:Heterocyathus philippinensis
357:Heterocyathus heterocostatus
306:Heterocyathus hemisphaericus
567:Heterocyathus aequicostatus
491:'Mobility of this genus is
347:Heterocyathus hemisphericus
238:Heterocyathus aequicostatus
42:Heterocyathus aequicostatus
960:
427:Heterocyathus philippensis
620:10.1007/s00338-015-1314-y
457:Heterocyathus roussaeanus
417:Heterocyathus parasiticus
337:Heterocyathus eupsammides
152:
145:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
477:Heterocyathus woodmasoni
447:Heterocyathus pulchellus
407:Heterocyathus oblongatus
387:Heterocyathus lamellosus
367:Heterocyathus incrustans
283:Heterocyathus alternatus
505:Symbiotic Relationships
467:Heterocyathus rousseaui
377:Heterocyathus japonicus
316:Heterocyathus sulcatus
296:Heterocyathus antoniae
872:Paleobiology Database
327:Heterocyathus cochlea
944:Scleractinia genera
648:en.m.wiktionary.org
611:2015CorRe..34.1227H
573:Corals of the World
923:Marine life portal
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859:Open Tree of Life
721:Taxon identifiers
554:on 23 August 2019
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169:Brachytrochus
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107:Scleractinia
97:Hexacorallia
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820:iNaturalist
753:Wikispecies
675:17 December
654:17 February
605:(4): 1227.
599:Coral Reefs
493:facultative
401:Cheng, 1971
265:Subspecies
251:Subspecies
186:Psammoseris
172:Reuss, 1864
933:Categories
540:: 211–344.
519:References
351:Gray, 1849
341:Gray, 1849
310:Gray, 1849
578:23 August
498:epifaunal
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
744:Q3945688
738:Wikidata
708:221-245.
259:Sakakura
147:Synonyms
113:Family:
87:Cnidaria
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
864:4714494
851:1918596
812:2258939
607:Bibcode
487:Ecology
288:Verrill
231:Species
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
900:206380
887:253152
884:uBio:
290:, 1865
275:, 1872
273:Semper
261:, 1935
140:, 1848
895:WoRMS
838:53650
825:88873
799:84P3H
221:coral
138:Haime
877:6500
846:NCBI
833:ITIS
807:GBIF
677:2021
656:2021
580:2019
136:and
794:CoL
781:AFD
768:ADW
615:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
