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rare, but when found have annules 2.5 μm in the middle of the body with three faint longitudinal lines in the lateral field. The lip region is dome-shaped with 4-5 (sometimes 6) annules. Females become obese and lemon shaped, producing brown cysts when dead varying in size from 0.3-1.0 mm in length and 0.2-0.8 mm in width, observable with the naked eye. The stylet is weak with a length of 23-25 μm with small, rounded knobs.
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parthenogenesis did not mate with a male and will fill with eggs. If a female mates with a male, it is completed once the female has ruptured the root and the posterior end is exposed to the soil where the males are. Once the female is filled with eggs, they will die and become thick-walled, leathery cysts that remain in the soil as survival structures with dormant eggs for many years.
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are mitotic parthenogenesis, meaning males are not required for reproduction and most nematodes will develop into females. Eggs with first-stage juveniles are found inside cysts in the soil. Once stimulated to hatch, the first molt is completed in the egg and second-stage juveniles (J2s) emerge from
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Eggs are 112-139 μm long and 43-45 μm wide. Second-stage juveniles (J2s) have an annulated cuticle 1.7 μm wide in the middle of the body. The lateral field is composed of three longitudinal lines. The lips are dome-shaped with three annules. The stylet is strong with well-developed knobs. Males are
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are rarely found, but return to vermiform (worm shape) and exit the root. Females do not move and continue to feed and swell. Females grow so large they rupture the root cortex and can be seen to the naked eye on the roots as white, lemon-shaped pinheads on the root. Females that have undergone
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Reducing the movement of infested soil to other fields will help to decrease the occurrence. Cysts can be dispersed by the transport of soil on roots or machinery, as well as water, irrigation, and wind. Currently, there are no resistant varieties for rice or sugarcane, but there are partial
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Nobbs, J. M.; Ibrahim, S. K.; Rowe, J. (1992). "A morphological and biochemical comparison of the four cyst nematodes species, Heterodera elachista, H. oryzicola, H. oryzae, and H. sacchari (Nematoda:Heteroderidae) known to attack rice".
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Nobbs, J. M.; Ibrahim, S. K.; Rowe, J. (1992). "A morphological and biochemical comparison of the four cyst nematodes species, Heterodera elachista, H. oryzicola, H. oryzae, and H. sacchari (Nematoda:Heteroderidae) known to attack rice".
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in the stele. Once this site is established, the nematode is no longer moving. The feeding J2s then molt 2 more times into third- and fourth-stage juveniles and grow as they are feeding. The last molt reveals the adult stages.
185:, and the female nematode eventually becomes a thick-walled cyst filled with eggs. Aboveground symptoms are species specific and are similar to those caused by other
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Lamberti, F; Greco, N; Troccoli, A (2007). "Control and
Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. In Management of Nematode and Insect-borne Plant Diseases".
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species. Symptoms include: stunted and chlorotic plants, and reduced root growth. Seedlings may be killed in heavily infested soils.
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Luc, M; Merny, G (1963). "Heterodera sacchari n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea) parasite de la canne a sucre au Congo-Brazzaville".
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the egg and migrate to the root. Once inside the root, J2s establish a specialized feeding site called a
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resistance and tolerance. If it is possible, crop rotation with a non-host crop is recommended.
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has a narrow host range. Major host crop infected by this nematode include sugarcane (
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was first identified in 1963 by Luc and Merny. Throughout the hot tropics and
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is referred as one of the most economically important cyst nematode species.
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and can be distinguished using features and biochemical characteristics.
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Evans, K.; Rowe, J. A. (1998). "Distribution and economic importance".
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This species is found in tropical climates and is considered a pest in
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Plant
Nematodes of Agricultural Importance: A Color Handbook
181:. This plant-parasitic nematode infects the roots of
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428:. London, UK: Manson Publishing. pp. 5–56.
594:"CPHST Pest Datasheet for Heterodera sacchari"
609:Heterodera sacchari (sugarcane cyst nematode)
543:CIH Descriptions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
8:
309:). Other plant hosts include bermudagrass (
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20:
541:Luc, M. (1974). "Heterodera sacchari".
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523:
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424:Bridge, John; Starr, James L. (2007).
226:countries. There have been reports in
592:Sullivan, M.; Mackesy, D.; Molet, T.
7:
714:0adca9cb-6128-40af-a120-f26fee80723c
579:Fundamental and Applied Nematology
563:Fundamental and Applied Nematology
14:
389:American Society of Nematologists
35:
245:is morphologically similar to
1:
611:. Crop Protection Compendium.
804:Nematodes described in 1963
486:10.1007/978-94-015-9018-1_1
267:Life cycle and reproduction
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794:Plant pathogenic nematodes
292:Host parasite relationship
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130:
32:Scientific classification
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23:
809:Taxa named by Michel Luc
413:University of California
463:10.1163/187529263X00089
168:sugarcane cyst nematode
522:Cite journal requires
351:) and wild sugarcane (
301:Saccharum officinarum
709:Fauna Europaea (new)
354:Saccharum spontaneum
331:Echinocloa brizantha
317:Brachiaria brizantha
16:Species of roundworm
633:Heterodera sacchari
401:Heterodera sacchari
384:Heterodera sacchari
336:Paspalum conjugatum
322:Axonopus compressus
297:Heterodera sacchari
243:Heterodera sacchari
200:Heterodera sacchari
163:Heterodera sacchari
141:Heterodera sacchari
25:Heterodera sacchari
799:Sugarcane diseases
478:The Cyst Nematodes
407:2007-11-03 at the
348:Urochloa brizantha
345:), palisadegrass (
272:Heterdera sacchari
776:
775:
625:Taxon identifiers
495:978-90-481-4021-3
480:. pp. 1–30.
319:), carpet grass (
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132:Binomial name
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303:) and rice (
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260:H. oryzicola
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248:H. elachista
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214:Distribution
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327:jungle rice
285:H. sacchari
208:H. sacchari
79:Secernentea
789:Heterodera
783:Categories
581:: 551–562.
565:: 551–562.
370:References
361:Management
234:Morphology
188:Heterodera
170:, mitotic
110:Heterodera
89:Tylenchida
457:: 31–37.
283:Males of
277:syncytium
254:H. oryzae
222:and some
183:sugarcane
175:sedentary
117:Species:
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
740:11560261
648:Q5747117
642:Wikidata
549:(48): 3.
405:Archived
179:nematode
95:Family:
69:Nematoda
65:Phylum:
59:Animalia
45:Domain:
766:1315923
727:7025526
228:Jamaica
220:African
195:History
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
753:157861
701:225109
688:248600
675:HETDSA
492:
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257:, and
166:, the
154:, 1963
150:&
761:WoRMS
735:IRMNG
683:EUNIS
662:8G9VM
224:Asian
152:Merni
748:NCBI
722:GBIF
670:EPPO
528:help
490:ISBN
430:ISBN
657:CoL
482:doi
459:doi
387:at
357:).
325:),
148:Luc
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
