456:), presumably marked on a slate, scoresheet or the table. A player with any of the matadors must not exchange it (on penalty of losing a life), but follows the instruction or says the word at the top of the card. Holding a Bird, the player whistles and the challenger erases 2 lines; holding a Horse, the player says "that's the Horse" whereupon all exchanges are reversed, the deal ends and the player with the lowest card erases a line. If a player holding the Guard, Cat or Inn is challenged, they say "Guard", "Miaow" or "Stop and eat", the challenger erases a line. If a Plate holder tries to exchange with the Inn, both lose a line. Otherwise all must swap. The dealer may exchange with the top card of the stock; if that is not wanted, the dealer may exchange with the one below it. Once all have had the opportunity to exchange or stand on their card, the deal ends and the player with the lowest card erases a line. If the two lowest cards are equal, the dealer deals two more and the lowest loses. A player whose last line is erased is out of the game.
388:
38:
395:
Smith (1991) states that while the ranking of the cards is consistent and clear from leaflets dating to the late 18th century and early 19th century, the actual rules of play are not very explicit, but may have been similar to those of CuccĂč with the exception that the player with the lowest card was
181:
as the highest of the low cards; in other packs they were dropped in favour of the XI and XII. Meanwhile the Bucket became the Glass and the Mask became a Witch. Again the order was changed with the Witch being last and the Fool being promoted. Two new low cards â the Plate and the
Sausages â were
177:. These comprised two sets of 10 or 12 picture cards but only one set of numerals ranging from I to X or XII. The themes of top cards were almost identical to those of CuccĂč â Bird, Guard, Cat, Horse and Tavern â although the ranking of the Cat and Horse were switched. Some packs retained the
162:, a gambling and children's game that goes back to the early 16th century. Italian CuccĂč originally had 38 cards comprising two sets of 10 numerals and 9 picture cards; the five matadors being the Cuckoo, Hunter, Horse, Cat and Tavern, while the four low cards were the Zero (
448:
each player received one card from a pack and had an opportunity to swap it before all the cards were revealed and the one with the lowest card moved a counter one place nearer the centre of the circular board or diagram drawn for the purpose.
408:'s culture and customs gives much simpler rules. Four to twenty may play; everyone gets 1 card and has 3 lives. In turn, a player may keep the card dealt or exchange it with the left-hand neighbour. A neighbour with one of the
205:
The pack comprises 32 cards with 12 numeral cards and 10 pairs of non-identical picture cards ranking from highest to lowest as shown. The actions shown are based on Adrian and
Pichler; any variations being noted.
692:
142:
for a variable number of players and played with special cards. The game is named after the bird or witch that appeared on the highest or lowest cards respectively. The name
685:
662:
1520:
678:
1544:
1511:
789:
766:
751:
396:
only penalised if either no-one has been penalised during play or if the person so penalised was unable to pay the full penalty.
270:
No exchange takes place and either the exchanger loses a life (Adrian) or all exchanges are reversed and the deal ends (Pichler)
1003:
1493:
867:
1559:
436:
There is a set of rules accompanying an 18th century
Austrian pack of "Vogelspiel" cards by Johan Georg Pichler in the
283:
No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life. (In
Pichler, if the challenger holds Plate, both lose a life.)
197:
in the 1930s. In
Austria, the name Hexenspiel was mostly used; the Bavarians and Upper Austrians called it Vogelspiel.
1299:
1158:
723:
444:
cards are replaced by numerals XI and XII. The game is played "like Höllfahren in which cards are swapped around". In
387:
1554:
420:. Once everyone has had a turn, the cards are faced and the player with the lowest loses a life, or 2 if it is the
925:
1317:
1241:
1033:
819:
412:(top 5 cards) names it, the cards are not exchanged and the exchanger loses a life, or 2 lives if it is the
1118:
837:
1549:
1422:
1264:
983:
733:
618:
Smith, A. G. (1991). "The 'Cambio' Packs and the Games Played with Them. I. Hexenspiel and
Quittli" in
1452:
1407:
832:
799:
1402:
1387:
1176:
1028:
774:
473:
185:
The earliest surviving packs date to the second half of the 18th century and they were produced in
650:
1467:
1307:
656:
190:
158:, an 18th-century Italian game that, as Malcontenta, in turn was derived from the French game of
37:
1502:
1457:
1332:
1327:
1201:
1143:
1098:
1048:
973:
933:
905:
842:
779:
756:
1462:
1377:
1289:
1254:
1128:
1068:
993:
968:
827:
620:
611:
594:
1472:
1397:
1083:
910:
875:
847:
809:
794:
409:
186:
1133:
1382:
1138:
1123:
1053:
804:
746:
634:
553:
437:
1538:
988:
895:
784:
445:
440:. The 32 cards are as described above and with the same ranking, except that the two
424:. The player with the most lives at the end, wins. The lives were recorded as lines (
417:
1362:
1347:
1342:
1093:
1073:
1063:
938:
857:
159:
1447:
1322:
1058:
948:
718:
642:
452:
In
Pichler's account of Vogelspiel each player receives 6 or 7 "little lines" (
1477:
1417:
1372:
1352:
1259:
1226:
1171:
1013:
963:
670:
560:
collection/object/P_1896-0501-449 with images and transcription of the rules]
1442:
1427:
1392:
1357:
1108:
1088:
852:
713:
702:
139:
428:), probably on a slate, and a stroke was erased each time a life was lost.
17:
1432:
1412:
1284:
1231:
1186:
1043:
1038:
885:
741:
405:
155:
1437:
1312:
1279:
1249:
1206:
1148:
1078:
1023:
958:
194:
55:
51:
609:
Endebrock, Peter (2018). "One of a Kind: Hexenspiel or
Vogelspiel" in
1337:
1221:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1166:
1113:
1018:
943:
880:
477:
1367:
1274:
1216:
1211:
1103:
953:
386:
123:
557:
1269:
978:
900:
890:
674:
480:("Cuckoo") prevailed. Coucou is still played in France today.
193:
until the end of the century; one pack still being issued by
667:- images and report of Vogelspiel pack in Freising Museum.
138:(game of "Witch") was an historical Bavarian and Austrian
231:
No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses 2 lives
257:
No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
244:
No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
569:
Richter, Jonas (2022). "Höllfahren: Ein Ăberblick" in
294:
Cards exchanged. (Note: Adrian only has cards IâX.)
1298:
1240:
1157:
1002:
924:
866:
818:
765:
732:
117:
109:
101:
93:
85:
77:
69:
61:
47:
404:A description by Karl Adrian (1909) in a book on
615:, Vol. 47, No. 2 (OctâDec 2918), pp. 78â80.
639:at steffenvoelkel.com. Description and images.
416:. Presumably the dealer may exchange with the
686:
8:
624:, Vol. XIX, No. 3 (February 1991), pp. 93ff.
30:
508:
506:
693:
679:
671:
586:Adrian, Karl (1909). "Das Kartenspiel" in
27:Historical Bavarian and Austrian card game
664:Das Kartenspiel des Andreas Benedikt Göbl
647:at endebrock.de. Description and images.
588:Salzburger Volksspiele, AufzĂŒge und TĂ€nze
544:
542:
597:(1981). "Quand le Cuccu est MĂ©content".
532:
530:
520:
518:
208:
169:Special packs of 32 cards were made for
493:
465:
29:
7:
146:("bird cards") is also encountered.
42:The BirdË the top card in Vogelspiel
25:
391:The Horse, the VIII and the Glass
311:is absent from Pichler's pack.)
36:
558:https://www.britishmuseum.org/
548:Pichler Johan Georg (18th C),
1:
1521:Tarot and Tarock card games
724:Glossary of card game terms
524:Smith (1991a), pp. 100â101.
512:Endebrock (2018), p. 78â80.
500:Depaulis (1981), pp. 23â24.
472:The game was also known as
218:Action on being challenged
154:The game is descended from
1576:
652:Vogelspiel cards and rules
166:), Bucket, Mask and Fool.
1545:Dedicated deck card games
1486:
709:
536:Adrian (1909), pp. 46â48.
122:
35:
476:but eventually the name
307:Cards exchanged. (Note:
1512:Trick-taking card games
644:Hexenspiel (Vogelspiel)
392:
171:Vogelspiel, Hexenspiel
73:social and family game
1494:Historical card games
390:
134:(game of "Bird") or
1560:Austrian card games
1388:Kings in the Corner
775:Beggar-my-neighbour
659:. Rules and images.
32:
657:The British Museum
393:
215:Austrian/Bavarian
191:Kingdom of Bavaria
1555:German card games
1532:
1531:
1049:Continental Rummy
780:Egyptian Ratscrew
701:Non trick-taking
595:Depaulis, Thierry
380:
379:
129:
128:
62:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
1567:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1290:Snip-Snap-Snorum
695:
688:
681:
672:
621:The Playing-Card
612:The Playing-Card
606:
574:
567:
561:
556:[1896,0501.449,
546:
537:
534:
525:
522:
513:
510:
501:
498:
481:
470:
376:Cards exchanged
363:Cards exchanged
350:Cards exchanged
337:Cards exchanged
324:Cards exchanged
209:
40:
33:
21:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1294:
1236:
1153:
1084:Liverpool rummy
1005:
998:
920:
911:Ranter-Go-Round
862:
814:
761:
728:
705:
699:
631:
593:
583:
578:
577:
568:
564:
547:
540:
535:
528:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
495:
490:
485:
484:
471:
467:
462:
434:
402:
385:
203:
187:Austria-Hungary
152:
110:Rank (highâlow)
105:Vogelspiel pack
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:Jack Change It
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Viennese Rummy
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Three thirteen
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Robbers' rummy
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:Contract rummy
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
824:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
763:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
747:Costly colours
744:
738:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
710:
707:
706:
700:
698:
697:
690:
683:
675:
669:
668:
660:
648:
640:
630:
629:External links
627:
626:
625:
616:
607:
599:L'As de TrĂšfle
591:
582:
579:
576:
575:
562:
554:British Museum
538:
526:
514:
502:
492:
491:
489:
486:
483:
482:
464:
463:
461:
458:
438:British Museum
433:
430:
401:
398:
384:
381:
378:
377:
374:
369:
365:
364:
361:
356:
352:
351:
348:
343:
339:
338:
335:
330:
326:
325:
322:
320:Deller, Teller
317:
313:
312:
305:
300:
296:
295:
292:
289:
285:
284:
281:
276:
272:
271:
268:
263:
259:
258:
255:
250:
246:
245:
242:
237:
233:
232:
229:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
202:
199:
151:
148:
127:
126:
120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
49:
45:
44:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1572:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Lusti-Kartl'n
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1001:
995:
992:
990:
989:Rosbiratschka
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Chase the Ace
874:
873:
871:
869:
865:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
821:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:My ship sails
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
768:
764:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
735:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
708:
704:
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
677:
676:
673:
666:
665:
661:
658:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
617:
614:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
585:
584:
580:
572:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
543:
539:
533:
531:
527:
521:
519:
515:
509:
507:
503:
497:
494:
487:
479:
475:
469:
466:
459:
457:
455:
450:
447:
443:
439:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
399:
397:
389:
382:
375:
373:
370:
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
347:
344:
341:
340:
336:
334:
331:
328:
327:
323:
321:
318:
315:
314:
310:
306:
304:
301:
298:
297:
293:
290:
287:
286:
282:
280:
277:
274:
273:
269:
267:
264:
261:
260:
256:
254:
251:
248:
247:
243:
241:
238:
235:
234:
230:
228:
225:
222:
221:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
183:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
121:
118:Related games
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
19:
1550:Cuckoo group
1524:}}
1518:{{
1515:}}
1509:{{
1506:}}
1500:{{
1497:}}
1491:{{
1363:Dupa biskupa
1343:Crazy Eights
1134:Treppenrommé
1094:Penang rummy
1074:Indian rummy
1064:German Rummy
939:Bauernfangen
915:
858:Stop the Bus
663:
651:
643:
635:
619:
610:
602:
598:
590:. pp. 46â48.
587:
581:Bibliography
570:
565:
549:
496:
468:
453:
451:
441:
435:
425:
421:
413:
403:
394:
371:
358:
345:
332:
319:
308:
302:
278:
265:
252:
239:
226:
204:
184:
178:
174:
170:
168:
163:
153:
143:
135:
131:
130:
81:Cuckoo group
1448:Ristiseiska
1323:Brede Mette
1318:Black Peter
1059:Dummy rummy
949:Davoserjazz
805:SchlafmĂŒtze
790:Ninety-nine
752:Ninety-nine
144:Vogelkarten
1539:Categories
1418:Paskahousu
1373:Hahndreier
1260:Nain Jaune
1227:Tablanette
1172:Byggkasino
1119:Thirty-one
1014:Bing rummy
964:Kein Stich
926:Compendium
916:Vogelspiel
896:Höllfahren
838:James Bond
767:Collecting
703:card games
636:Hexenspiel
550:Vogelspiel
488:References
446:Höllfahren
212:Card name
175:Hexelspiel
136:Hexenspiel
132:Vogelspiel
65:Hexenspiel
31:Vogelspiel
18:Hexenspiel
1443:Red nines
1428:Pusoy dos
1423:President
1393:Last Card
1358:Dou dizhu
1265:Newmarket
1109:Gin rummy
1089:Militaire
984:Quodlibet
868:Comparing
853:Schwimmen
714:Shuffling
571:Das Blatt
460:Footnotes
355:The Fool
329:Sausages
160:MĂ©content
140:card game
1503:Patience
1473:Tiáșżn lĂȘn
1453:Shithead
1433:Quatorze
1413:One-card
1408:Old maid
1300:Shedding
1285:Slapjack
1242:Matching
1187:Cuarenta
1044:Conquian
1034:ChinchĂłn
1004:Draw and
833:Commerce
820:Commerce
800:Quartets
742:Cribbage
605:: 23â24.
454:Strichel
410:matadors
406:Salzburg
291:I â XII
288:I â XII
279:Einkerth
189:and the
113:See text
1478:VĂ€ndtia
1438:Rabouge
1403:Mau-Mau
1353:DaifugĆ
1313:Big two
1280:Sedmice
1250:Go Fish
1232:Zwicker
1207:Go-Stop
1177:Cassino
1159:Fishing
1149:500 rum
1079:Kalooki
1039:Colonel
1029:Carioca
1024:Canasta
1006:discard
959:Herzeln
719:Cutting
432:Pichler
426:Striche
275:Tavern
195:Piatnik
182:added.
150:History
86:Players
56:Austria
52:Germany
1468:Switch
1338:Craits
1308:Bartok
1222:Skwitz
1197:Escopa
1192:Escoba
1182:Cicera
1167:Bastra
1114:Rumino
1019:Buraco
944:Bonken
881:Coucou
734:Adding
478:Coucou
414:Pfeiff
400:Adrian
368:Witch
342:Glass
316:Plate
299:Nulla
262:Horse
236:Guard
227:Pfeiff
89:5 â 20
78:Family
48:Origin
1458:Speed
1368:Durak
1348:Cheat
1333:Comet
1328:Burro
1275:Sedma
1217:Scopa
1212:Mulle
1202:Pasur
1144:Yaniv
1104:Rummy
974:Lorum
954:Dreeg
934:Barbu
906:Kille
886:CuccĂč
843:Kemps
757:Noddy
442:Nulla
418:stock
383:Rules
333:Wurst
309:Nulla
303:Nulla
240:Werda
223:Bird
201:Cards
179:Nulla
164:Nulla
156:CuccĂč
124:Cuccu
94:Cards
1463:Spit
1378:Hund
1270:Poch
1129:Tonk
1069:Golf
994:Trex
979:Poch
969:King
901:Hypp
891:Gnav
828:Brag
474:HĂšre
359:Narr
346:Glas
266:Hott
253:Miau
249:Cat
102:Deck
70:Type
54:and
1398:Mao
848:Mus
810:War
795:Pig
655:at
422:Hex
372:Hex
173:or
1541::
603:11
601:.
552:.
541:^
529:^
517:^
505:^
97:32
694:e
687:t
680:v
573:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
