1027:
1078:
996:
2174:
934:
75:
1639:
1277:
2001:
1227:
1011:
1517:
4242:
1242:
1409:, the capital of Poland, has seen the development of an array of skyscrapers. Russia is also currently undergoing a dramatic buildout, growing a commercially shaped skyline. Moreover, the ongoing changes made to postwar housing estates since the 2000s in former communist countries vary – ranging from simply applying a new coat of paint to the previously grey exterior to thorough modernisation of entire buildings.
979:
1101:
2109:
1938:
1438:
321:
1557:
729:
1678:(demolished and redeveloped), St Joseph's Gardens (demolished; replaced by Killarney Court flat complex), St Teresa's Gardens, Dolphin House, Liberty House, St Michael's Estate (8 storeys) and O'Devaney Gardens and a lot more mainly throughout the north and south inner city of Dublin. Suburban flat complexes were built exclusively on the northside of the city in
1215:
51:
3666:
850:
341:
1092:
inhabitant would enjoy "the illusion of living on the second floor", accomplished by folding concrete floor planes (like "bamboo mats," claims the firm), so that every third story opens into a private courtyard. In the larger towers, the two-story units are stacked slightly askew, adding to the visual interest of the variegated façades (Goldhagen 2012)."
1065:), and the New York City-based Steven Holl in the transformation of residential towers into "vertical communities" or "vertical cities in the sky" providing aesthetic, unusually designed silhouettes on the skyline, comfortable private spaces and attractive public spaces. None of these "functional, handsome, and humane high-rise residential buildings" are
1162:. The South Korean government needed to build many apartment complexes in the cities to be able to accommodate the citizens. In the 60 years since, as the population increased considerably, tower blocks have become more common. This time, however, the new tower blocks integrated shopping malls, parking systems, and other convenient facilities.
550:
1776:
estate. These eleven-story towers were completed in 1961 and were the first tall council housing blocks on the island of
Ireland. The NIHT also designed the inner city Divis Flats complex. The six-to-eight-storey deck-access flats that comprised most of the Divis estate were of poor build quality and
921:
were originally designed to house young "swinging single" middle class residents, but the apartments lacked appeal and the area quickly became much poorer. From its early days of implementation the concept was criticised for making residents feel unsafe, including large empty common areas dominated
545:
was motorized by
Magirus in 1904. The definition of a maximum of 22 meters for the highest floor was common in the building regulations at the time and it is still so today in Germany. The common height for turntable ladders did later go to 32 meters (100 feet), so that 30 meter is a common limit in
2148:
Deck access is a type of flat that is accessed from a walkway that is open to the elements, as opposed to flats that are accessed from fully enclosed internal corridors. Deck-access blocks of flats are usually fairly low-rise structures. The decks can vary from simple walkways, which may be covered
1868:
depending on their height. Tall residential towers are a staple building type in all large cities. Their relative prominence in
Canadian cities varies substantially, however. In general, more populated cities have more high-rises than smaller cities, due to a relative scarcity of land and a greater
1581:
Although Tower blocks are controversial and numerous examples have been demolished, many still remain in large cities. Due to lack of proper regulation, some tower blocks present a significant fire risk and even though there have been efforts to make them more safe, modern safety precautions can be
816:
The ideal of
Streets in the Sky often did not work in practice. Unlike an actual city street, these walkways were not thoroughfares, and often came to a dead end multiple storeys above the ground. They lacked a regular flow of passers-by, and the walkways and especially the stairwells could not be
1091:
The 2012 Pritzker Prize was awarded to
Chinese architect Wang Shu. Among his winning designs is the Vertical Courtyard Apartments, six 26-story towers by his architectural firm Amateur Architecture Studio built in Hangzhou. "These towers were designed to house two-story apartments, in which every
2139:
took charge and flats were let to low income and immigrant families. During the 1980s many people escaping communism in
Eastern bloc countries were housed in these buildings. Developers have enthusiastically adopted the term "apartment" for these new high-rise blocks, perhaps to avoid the stigma
1919:
Toronto contains the second largest concentration of high-rise apartment buildings in North
America (after New York). In Canada, like in other New World countries, but unlike Western Europe, most high-rise towers are located in the city centre (or "downtown"), where smaller, older buildings were
1804:
built three thirteen-story towers for use as staff accommodation, prominently located adjacent to the M2 Motorway at
Broadway. Belfast City Hospital also constructed a high-rise slab block which since privatisation has been named Bradbury Court, formerly known as Erskine House. Queens University
2015:
In the United States, tower blocks are commonly referred to as "midrise" or "highrise apartment buildings", depending on their height, while buildings that house fewer flats (apartments), or are not as tall as the tower blocks, are called "lowrise apartment buildings". Specifically, "midrise"
1795:
schemes (most notably the now demolished Unity Flats and the
Weetabix Flats in the Shankill area), New Lodge was its only high-rise project in the inner city; there were three more in outlying areas of the city during the 1960s, two being in Mount Vernon in North Belfast and one being in the
1586:
fire in 2017 was partly caused by council ignorance, as a local action group complained to the council about the fire hazards of the tower several years before the incident, yet remedial work had not been carried out. This fire further made tower blocks less desirable to
British residents.
546:
some building regulations today, for example in Switzerland. Any building that exceeds the height of the usual turntable ladders in a city must install additional fire safety equipment, so that these high-rise buildings have a different section in the building regulations in the world.
1749:, built separately in 1966, still stands, however; and in 2007 work began to convert the former British Army base at the top two floors into new dwellings. Divis Tower was for several decades Ireland's tallest residential building, having since being surpassed by the privately owned
1392:
In Eastern European countries, opinions about these buildings vary greatly, with some deeming them as eyesores on their city's landscape while others glorify them as relics of a bygone age and historical examples of unique architectural styles (such as socialist realism,
965:—started to prevail in urban planning practice, as they allowed for more careful and efficient planning of the rapid urban expansion. These complexes were seen as an opportunity to build a collective society, an environment suitable and necessary for the new way of life.
510:. This technique of building was implemented to protect residents from Bedouin attacks. While Shibam has existed for around two thousand years, most of the city's houses date from the 16th century. The city has the tallest mud buildings in the world, some more than 30
1574:, and were seen as a cheap way to replace 19th-century urban slums and war-damaged buildings. They were originally seen as desirable, but quickly fell out of favour as tower blocks attracted rising crime and social disorder, particularly after the collapse of
203:, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no clear difference between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with forty or more stories and taller than 150 metres (490 ft) is generally considered a skyscraper.
1315:
due to the severe damages that Polish cities sustained during World War II. Throughout the former Eastern Bloc countries, tower blocks built during the Soviet years make up much of the current housing estates and most of them were built in the specific
2130:
until the 1960s, when a short-lived fashion saw public housing tenants located in new high-rise developments, especially in Sydney and Melbourne. The buildings pictured along with four other 16-story blocks were constructed on behalf of the
812:
were the largest social housing scheme in Europe when built in 1972 but lasted just 22 years. The Crescents had one of the worst reputations of any British social housing schemes and were marred by numerous design and practical problems.
1026:
1353:, the mass construction of standardised housing blocks began in the 1950s and 1960s with the outskirts of the cities, some of which were made up of slums. Construction continued in the 1970s and 1980s, under the
4342:
1424:). However, not all flat dwellers in Eastern Europe live in Cold War-era blocks of flats; many live in buildings constructed after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and some in buildings that survived World War II.
1745:. The mid-rise Divis flats complex in west Belfast was built between 1968 and 1972. It was demolished in the early 1990s after the residents demanded new houses due to mounting problems with their flats.
2922:
1490:
In Western Europe, there are fewer high-rise buildings because of the historic city centres. In the 1960s, developers began demolishing older buildings to replace them with modern high-rise buildings.
3321:
487:(土楼), the latter are large, enclosed and fortified earth building, between three and five stories high and housing up to 80 families. The oldest still standing tulou dates back from the 14th century.
1043:
Residential tower complexes are common in Asian countries such as China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Pakistan, Iran and South Korea, as urban densities are very high. In
4277:
2085:
counterparts, commercially developed high-rise apartment buildings continue to flourish in cities around the country largely due to high land prices and the housing boom of the 2000s. The
378:(r. 30 BC – 14 AD), set limits of 20–25 metres (66–82 ft) for multi-story buildings, but met with limited success, as these limits were often ignored despite the likelihood of taller
5316:
5045:
246:
and wind danger concerns are addressed. In order to allow less wind exposure, to transmit more daylight to the ground and to appear more slender, many high-rises have a design with
2034:
The government's experiments in the 1960s and 1970s to use high-rise apartments as a means of providing the housing solution for the poor broadly resulted in failure. Made in the
4813:
5015:
1420:
states, a majority of the population lives in flats in Latvia (65.1%), Estonia (63.8%), Lithuania (58.4%), Czech Republic (52.8%), and Slovakia (50.3%) (as of 2014, data from
1143:" (マンション). The "mansion" nickname is used for both residential towers and for individual condominium apartments (for being roomy, spacey enough to compare to detached houses).
4459:
464:, a law of 1251 decreed that all urban buildings should be reduced to a height of less than 26 m, the regulation immediately put into effect. Even medium-sized towns such as
5311:
5306:
1175:
In Seoul, approximately 80 percent of its residents live in apartment complexes which comprise 98 percent of recent residential construction. Seoul proper is noted for its
5130:
4558:
3698:
1051:, land prices are so high that a large portion of the population lives in high-rise apartments. In fact, over 60% of Hong Kong residents live in apartments, many of them
5105:
4894:
3021:
1273:, already started building housing estates that were considered to be of a high standard for their time, many of these structures perished during the Second World War.
5280:
5095:
4944:
3065:
1401:, and especially in the late 1990s and early 2000s, many of the former Eastern Bloc countries have begun construction of new, more expensive and modern housing. The
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5285:
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1061:(2012) celebrated the work of innovative architecture firms such as WOHA (based in Singapore), Mass Studies (based in Seoul), Amateur Architecture Studio (based in
226:. They also pose serious challenges to firefighters during emergencies in high-rise structures. New and old building design, building systems such as the building
5220:
4823:
4548:
4364:
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1991:
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high-rise apartment buildings characterized by a high-rise building surrounded by a swath of landscaped land; e.g., the tower does not directly front the street.
5371:
5200:
5185:
5003:
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1361:, which consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing villages, towns, and cities, in whole or in part, in order to build blocks of flats (
958:
3120:
4688:
4673:
4389:
1328:. However, there were also larger and more ambitious projects built in Eastern Europe at the time, which have since become recognisable examples of post-war
2749:
2656:
Jerome, Pamela; Chiari, Giacomo; Borelli, Caterina (1999), "The Architecture of Mud: Construction and Repair Technology in the Hadhramaut Region of Yemen",
366:, some of which might have reached up to ten or more stories, one reportedly having 200 stairs. Because of the destruction caused by poorly built high-rise
5025:
4889:
4879:
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song "Running to Stand Still". They have since been demolished. Inner Dublin flat complexes, typically of 4-5 storeys include Sheriff Street (demolished),
823:
2977:
1670:
were built between 1966 and 1969: seven 15-story towers, nineteen 8-story blocks and ten 4-story blocks. These were the "seven towers" referred to in the
5275:
5240:
4399:
4394:
4384:
1995:
800:. As another large example, in 2005 it was decided to carry out a 20-year process of demolition and replacement of dwellings with modern houses in the
297:
The International Conference on Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings defined a high-rise as "any structure where the height can have a serious impact on
5260:
5190:
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culture and crime. The layout was criticised for normalising anti-social behaviour and hampering the efforts of essential services, particularly for
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also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were
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4444:
4012:
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287:
defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35–100 metres (115–328 ft) tall, or a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors."
595:, as steel for framework was unavailable in post-war France. Residential tower blocks became standard in housing urban populations displaced by
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remains, although so too the problems that residents face, such as poor piping and limited sanitation. Farther north, the four tower blocks in
456:
cities was dominated by large numbers of high-rising urban towers, which fulfilled defensive but also representative purposes. The residential
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3582:
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1542:, even though the district is mainly "commercial". This allows the residents to walk to the nearby office buildings without using vehicles.
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4411:
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4173:
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1792:
518:) high. Shibam has been called "one of the oldest and best examples of urban planning based on the principle of vertical construction" or "
305:
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311:
Most building engineers, inspectors, architects and similar professionals define a high-rise as a building that is at least 75 feet tall.
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5165:
5145:
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4788:
4778:
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were typically occupied by either shops or wealthy families, while the upper stories were rented out to the lower classes. Surviving
2135:
and were available to sailors and their families for accommodation. Due to social problems within these blocks the Navy left and the
1737:, but taller high-rises are generally more common than in the Republic of Ireland. Most tower blocks and flat complexes are found in
1299:, tower blocks were constructed in great numbers to produce plenty of cheap accommodation for the growing postwar populations of the
5403:
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4708:
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4337:
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3192:
2586:
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2534:
2508:
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2303:
1977:
1477:
1386:
3436:
2262:
2959:
Frykholm, H. (2023). ‘A Village Stood on End’: Anthropology and the Interior of the Modernist Tower. Fabrications, 33(2), 359–377.
2827:
2371:
4949:
4924:
4909:
4884:
1801:
1249:. With the 2010s, renovation of older apartment buildings in Eastern Europe has become common, especially in countries which get
1805:
Belfast built several eleven storey towers at its Queens Elms student accommodation. Of the three sixteen-story point blocks of
1787:
constructed seven tower blocks on the former Victoria Barracks site in the New Lodge district. While the Corporation built some
4133:
1595:
1523:
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913:
By the early 1970s, opposition to this style of towers mounted, with many, including urban planners, now referring to them as "
3033:
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817:
seen by anyone elsewhere, so there was no deterrent to crime and disorder. There were no "eyes on the street" as advocated by
3532:
1959:
1777:
were all demolished by the early 1990s. Similar slab blocks were built by the NIHT in East Belfast (Tullycarnet) and Derry's
1769:
1459:
2153:, where the decks are wide enough to allow electric vehicles; however, the design is inspired by French Modernist architect
1308:
995:
631:, that established since the 1980s, a more classical approach came back to global skyscraper design, that is popular today.
413:
housed many high-rise residential buildings, some seven stories tall that could reportedly accommodate hundreds of people.
152:, or with multiple purposes combined. Residential high-rise buildings are also known in some varieties of English, such as
5408:
4959:
1690:. These flats were badly affected by a heroin epidemic that hit working-class areas of Dublin in the 1980s and early 90s.
1551:
1350:
953:
The history of microdistricts as an urban planning concept dates back to the 1920s, when the Soviet Union underwent rapid
946:
890:
aimed at reducing the problem of urban congestion. It was introduced in several large cities across the world, notably in
268:
and single-family houses, apartment blocks accommodate more inhabitants per unit of area of land and decrease the cost of
1772:(NIHT) as part of overspill housing schemes, the first such development being the pair of point blocks in East Belfast's
5484:
4964:
2173:
1955:
1884:, height restrictions, and lower growth rates. In middle-sized cities with a relatively low population density, such as
1709:
witnessed new large apartment building, although their heights have generally been restricted. Some large towns such as
1455:
748:, but also shops and other community facilities within high-rise blocks. Examples of the buildings and developments are
647:
3484:
1622:. In east London, some old high-rises are being gentrified, in addition to new high-rises being built in areas such as
1402:
5356:
5341:
2233:
1516:
1498:
961:, residential complexes—compact territories with residential dwellings, schools, shops, entertainment facilities, and
2603:
Werner Müller: "dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. Allgemeiner Teil: Baugeschichte von Mesopotamien bis Byzanz", 14th ed., 2005,
1346:, with a length of 860 m (2,821.52 ft) and 1,792 flats, it is the second longest housing block in Europe.
933:
4978:
3818:
3131:
2320:
1052:
628:
31:
1948:
1448:
788:. These were an attempt to develop a new architecture, differentiated from earlier large housing estates, such as
5413:
4954:
4914:
4317:
3285:
2757:
2238:
2020:
1675:
1354:
793:
695:
615:; many older skyscrapers were redesigned to suit contemporary tastes or even got demolished - such as New York's
67:
55:
3009:
2149:
or uncovered, to decks wide enough for small vehicles. The best-known example of deck-access flats in the UK is
1638:
1055:. Of them in 2020, 2,112,138 were identified residents of public housing, which is 28% of the total population.
74:
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406:
269:
227:
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1658:
The majority of residential high-rise buildings in the Republic of Ireland were concentrated in the suburb of
828:
578:
3156:
2089:
in New York City, featuring high-rise apartments, is the wealthiest urban neighborhood in the United States.
5438:
5361:
5321:
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provides a more successful example of the concept, with the fifth floor walkway including a shop and café.
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2219:
2214:
1829:
1329:
1276:
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1235:
907:
651:
570:
247:
207:
3670:
3322:"Unsafe cladding removal works still incomplete on over 300 high-rise buildings in Manchester and London"
2100:, having a height of 1,550 feet (470 m) with the highest occupied floor at 1,417 feet (432 m).
2023:
towers in Manhattan, New York City, completed in 1939. Their cross-shaped design was copied in towers in
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1877:
1539:
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1165:
887:
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298:
260:, and have become a distinctive feature of housing accommodation in virtually all densely populated
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dominate the local skyline, while in south Belfast, the tower blocks in Seymour Hill, Belvoir and
3966:
3566:
3002:
2673:
2093:
2024:
2004:
1754:
1733:
Tower blocks in Northern Ireland were never built to the frequency as in cities on the island of
1365:), as a result of increasing urbanisation following an accelerated industrialisation process. In
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35:
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Residential tower blocks were previously uncommon outside of Dublin, but during the era of the
1010:
721:"Streets in the sky" redirects here. For the third studio album by UK rock band The Enemy, see
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buildings are as tall as the streets are wide, allowing five hours of sunlight on the street.
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608:
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179:(lift) and with less expensive, more abundant building materials. The materials used for the
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evacuations pose significant problems. Studies are often required to ensure that pedestrian
215:
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Knapp, Ronald G.. China's old dwellings. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2000. 266.
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3270:[Urbanization in the 20th century Romania: interwar period vs communist period].
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see section Source data for tables and figures, Housing statistics: tables and figures
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2070:" and are now being torn down, renovated, or replaced. Another example is the former
1921:
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resulted from two main factors: the postwar housing shortage and the ideology of the
1325:
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891:
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765:
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587:
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numbered between 80 and 100 at a time, the largest of which still rise to 97.2 m. In
422:
371:
308:
defines a high-rise as being higher than 75 feet (23 m), or about seven stories.
3635:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Dordrecht, NL: Springer. pp. 451–452.
3095:"2012 Pritzker Prize Awarded to Wang Shu – First Chinese Architect to Win the Award"
2011:, New York City, the tallest residential high-rise tower in the world, December 2020
1753:
in the city centre. In the north of the city, the iconic seven-tower complex in the
740:
that emerged in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s. Generally built to replace run-down
5448:
5418:
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4025:
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Tower Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
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3540:
3363:
1136:" (アパート）is used to describe a rather small apartment, initially made to be rented;
1100:
425:, in the early 11th century, described some of them rising up to 14 stories, with
3386:
3765:
3753:
2736:
possibly by Jay Thakkar, "High Rise Residential Towers", (self-published, n.d.)
2358:
2182:
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1937:
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1746:
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1437:
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structures designed to be easily defensible in the forms of Weilongwu (围龙屋) and
453:
430:
426:
399:
320:
200:
525:
The engineer's definition of high-rise buildings comes from the development of
4302:
4198:
4097:
4055:
3851:
3770:
3485:"de beste bron van informatie over sustainingtowers. Deze website is te koop!"
2724:
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2455:
2194:
2127:
2055:
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1378:
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1204:
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1159:
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962:
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region or if the underlying soils have geotechnical risk factors such as high
196:
169:
85:
59:
42:
506:, which rise five to sixteen stories high, with each floor having one or two
4080:
3901:
3510:
3488:
2578:
2499:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2719, in: Katja Lembke, Cäcilia Fluck, Günter Vittmann:
2186:
2162:
2075:
2008:
1913:
1797:
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1619:
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899:
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554:
519:
507:
3676:
3184:
1590:
There are old high-rise buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s in areas of
1343:
1120:
now either means an employer-provided housing or has a meaning similar to "
541:
drawn by horses was developed in 1892 which had a length of 25 meters. The
175:
High-rise buildings became possible to construct with the invention of the
3665:
1214:
50:
4128:
4067:
4020:
3836:
2856:"Demolition of the Aylesbury Estate: a new dawn for Hell's waiting room?"
2750:"Intersection Fields III: Michiel Brinkman vs. Peter and Alison Smithson"
1905:
1893:
1889:
1788:
1768:
Most of the aforementioned high-rise flats in the city were built by the
1714:
1702:
1679:
1659:
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683:
592:
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375:
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125:
89:
701:
Currently, the tallest high-rise apartment building in the world is the
340:
4188:
3936:
3723:
3424:
2874:
2677:
2418:
2178:
1962: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1909:
1885:
1778:
1773:
1762:
1738:
1718:
1683:
1564:
1462: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1320:
style of architecture that was dominant in the territories east of the
1289:
1285:
785:
744:, the new designs included not only modern improvements such as inside
530:
442:
418:
284:
223:
80:
1725:
have also witnessed the construction of many modern apartment blocks.
1307:. This took place mostly in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, though in the
906:, reaching a peak of popularity in the 1960s with the introduction of
619:, once the world's tallest skyscraper. However, with the movements of
4307:
4228:
3987:
3631:
Saatcioglu, Murat (2016). "High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster".
2696:
2692:
2442:
2353:
Also Murat Saatcioglu, "High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster", in
2067:
2043:
1706:
1663:
1646:
1591:
1406:
1219:
1116:
1083:
914:
895:
745:
495:
410:
383:
325:
149:
2669:
1900:
there are more apartment towers but they are greatly outnumbered by
634:
Other contemporary styles and movements in high-rise design include
549:
336:
buildings in the world, some more than 30 metres (98 ft) high.
4223:
4178:
4107:
4085:
2172:
2107:
1999:
1880:
have fewer high-rise buildings due to several factors: a focus on
1806:
1710:
1637:
1555:
1275:
1240:
1225:
1213:
1169:
1099:
1076:
977:
932:
848:
773:
727:
548:
511:
491:
484:
438:
339:
329:
319:
188:
145:
73:
49:
3337:"Fire safety concerns raised by Grenfell Tower residents in 2012"
949:
of Moscow) (Late Soviet era) is built with a similar idea in mind
30:"High-rise" and "Tower Block" redirect here. For other uses, see
4183:
3748:
3157:"Seoul ranks highest in population density among OECD countries"
1904:. Most of the largest residential towers in Canada are found in
1848:
if each dwelling unit is individually owned; they may be called
1188:
1180:
923:
515:
231:
4259:
3680:
3462:"100 Tallest All-Residential Buildings - the Skyscraper Center"
2225:, a project about life in high-rise apartments around the world
1501:
business district. The government of Belgium wants to recreate
1152:
In South Korea, the tower blocks are called Apartment Complex (
132:
and is defined differently in terms of height depending on the
3391:. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. p. 288.
1931:
1570:
Tower blocks were first built in the United Kingdom after the
1431:
498:
in the 16th century. The houses of Shibam are all made out of
3268:"Urbanizarea în România secolului XX: interbelic vs comunism"
2738:
https://www.academia.edu/32050381/High_Rise_Residential_Tower
1114:
includes various traits coming from different eras. The word
2092:
Currently, the tallest residential building in the world is
1158:). The first residential towers began to be built after the
3235:
Mitrica, Bianca; Grigorescu, Ines; Urucu, Veselina (2016).
1671:
468:
are known to have featured 72 towers up to 51 m in height.
206:
High-rise structures pose particular design challenges for
3474:
BBC 'English Heritage' documentary about Park Hill flats.
3001:
Michael Gentile, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography,
2454:
Alexander G. McKay: Römische Häuser, Villen und Paläste,
1324:: blocky buildings of that era are colloquially known as
1172:, South Korea, is the tallest apartment complex in Asia.
2193:
Green tower blocks have some scheme of living plants or
2112:
Housing commission towers in Waterloo, Sydney, Australia
581:, repeated in various European cities starting with his
294:
defines a high-rise as "a building having many storeys".
256:
have technical and economic advantages in areas of high
3211:
Reading the Architecture of the Underprivileged Classes
1610:. Some new high-rises are being built in areas such as
1187:
and Paris. Its metropolitan area is the densest in the
348:
High-rise apartment buildings had already appeared in
3573:
Daily Life in the Roman City: Rome, Pompeii and Ostia
2344:, Emporis Standards. Accessed online 16 October 2009.
1809:
Borough Council in the late 1960s, only one remains.
1497:
there are numerous modern high-rise buildings in the
234:
systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning),
168:. A very tall high-rise building is referred to as a
3411:
3024:[Hong Kong Housing Authority Annual Report]
2599:
2597:
417:, in the 10th century, described them as resembling
390:
indicate that seven-story buildings even existed in
5384:
5299:
5036:
4988:
4977:
4852:
4410:
4325:
4316:
4116:
4066:
4011:
3980:
3827:
3794:
3714:
2630:Helfritz, Hans (April 1937), "Land without shade",
2575:
Traditional Islamic principles of built environment
3597:The politics of mass housing in Britain, 1945–1975
3570:
2854:
2968:Tall Buildings, Toronto Star, August 27, 1973, C3
2925:, Globe and Mail, John Bentley Mays, May 12, 2011
2806:"Social Engineering Through Architectural Change"
2709:Shipman, J. G. T. (June 1984), "The Hadhramaut",
2126:High-rise living in Australia was limited to the
1840:if they are rented from one common landowner, or
3511:"Tower blocks go green with power-saving panels"
607:typically rejected the classical designs of the
238:systems, and other things such as stairwell and
27:Tall building; as opposed to a low-rise building
5444:List of visionary tall buildings and structures
2936:"Your Broadwater Farm | Tottenham Regeneration"
1916:; the country's most densely populated cities.
3385:Glendinning, Miles; Muthesius, Stefan (1994).
2342:Data Standards: high-rise building (ESN 18727)
2019:Some of the first residential towers were the
1992:List of tallest buildings in the United States
1781:area, all four of which have been demolished.
4271:
3692:
3020:Hong Kong Housing Authority (31 March 2021).
2359:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_168
1534:There are some tall residential buildings in
959:Soviet urban planning ideologies of the 1920s
565:The residential tower block with its typical
8:
3243:The urban development and metropolitan areas
3056:
3054:
3007:Urbanism and Disurbanism in the Soviet Union
2989:Ir. M.H.H. van Dijk, IsoCaRP Congress 2003,
2923:How to rejuvenate urban 'towers in the park'
2140:still attached to housing commission flats.
1153:
3088:
3086:
824:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
332:, in the 16th century, and are the tallest
4985:
4322:
4278:
4264:
4256:
3699:
3685:
3677:
3238:Dezvoltarea urbană și ariile metropolitane
3214:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 212–.
2828:"Alison and Peter Smithson, Design Museum"
2632:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
2553:, Twenty-First Century Books, p. 11,
1996:List of tallest buildings in New York City
1245:Renovated apartment building from 1963 in
902:as a solution for housing, especially for
878:It is based on an ideology popularised by
3364:"Demolition of famous Dublin tower block"
3179:Sobecka, Martyna; Navarro, David (2020).
3174:
3172:
3170:
2688:
2686:
2549:Barghusen, Joan D.; Moulder, Bob (2001),
1978:Learn how and when to remove this message
1582:prohibitively expensive to retrofit. The
1478:Learn how and when to remove this message
280:Various bodies have defined "high-rise":
214:engineers, particularly if situated in a
3130:. Ruby Press. p. 25. Archived from
2918:
2916:
1606:, and virtually any area in London with
429:on the top story complete with ox-drawn
3126:. In Ruby, Ilka; Ruby, Andreas (eds.).
2487:
2475:
2430:
2406:
2288:
713:, towering at 1,550 feet (470 m).
585:in Marseille (1947–52), constructed of
344:Sliding ladder for firefighters in 1904
3487:. sustainingtowers.org. Archived from
3437:"Avenues and Mid-Rise Buildings Study"
2551:Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Cairo
2501:Ägyptens späte Blüte. Die Römer am Nil
2118:List of tallest buildings in Australia
1139:a large, modern apartment would be a "
1124:". For modern hi-rises, there are two
1032:Road in front, skyline in background (
3539:. Battle McCarthy Ltd. Archived from
502:, but about five hundred of them are
292:New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
7:
3425:http://www.geograph.ie/photo/2313893
2853:Fletcher, Martin (20 October 2008).
2357:Dordrecht, NL: Springer, 2016. DOI:
2258:List of fires in high-rise buildings
2201:on their roofs or incorporate other
1960:adding citations to reliable sources
1460:adding citations to reliable sources
804:in south London, built in 1970. The
306:National Fire Protection Association
54:A newer high-rise tower in downtown
3513:. Salford.gov.uk. 20 September 2010
3093:Meinhold, Bridgette (25 May 2012).
2905:The Urban Idiot (17 January 2018).
2122:List of tallest buildings in Sydney
1824:List of tallest buildings in Canada
1697:the largest cities such as Dublin,
1645:, 22-story "mixed use" building in
856:(Flemington Estate) (1962-1965) in
394:towns, such as in third century AD
264:around the world. In contrast with
3412:Glendinning & Muthesius (1994)
3208:Elleh, Nnamdi (28 November 2014).
2830:. Designmuseum.org. Archived from
537:sliding ladder in 1864. The first
25:
3335:Wahlquist, Calla (14 June 2017).
3245:]. Editura Academiei Române.
736:Streets in the sky is a style of
324:These tower blocks were built in
4287:Tallest buildings and structures
4240:
3664:
3599:. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press.
2521:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992),
2298:McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002,
1936:
1515:
1436:
1025:
1009:
994:
732:"Street in the sky" at Park Hill
611:, instead embracing the uniform
362:and several other cities in the
66:. High-rise towers often anchor
4880:Countries with most skyscrapers
4134:Residential cluster development
3633:Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards
2774:. Intute.ac.uk. 1 November 2006
2370:Hall, John R. (December 2011).
2355:Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards
2038:style, all but a few high-rise
1947:needs additional citations for
1447:needs additional citations for
1399:dissolution of the Soviet Union
573:. Influential examples include
144:, or other functions including
3786:Shopping streets and districts
2980:by Jamie Kalven 6 October 2016
2263:List of high-rise façade fires
1770:Northern Ireland Housing Trust
452:The skyline of many important
409:, the initial capital city of
1:
5409:Antenna height considerations
3641:10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_168
2523:Islamic Architecture in Cairo
1872:However, some cities such as
1552:Tower blocks in Great Britain
1128:words to make a distinction:
947:Chertanovo Severnoye District
490:High-rises were built in the
5404:All buildings and structures
4875:Cities with most skyscrapers
3912:Model dwellings for the poor
3617:. London: Allen & Unwin.
3606:Estates: an intimate history
2861:The Times / The Sunday Times
2756:. 3 May 2016. Archived from
2249:is the equivalent in Romania
603:". High-rise projects after
4870:Buildings by height to roof
3626:. Great Britain: MacMillan.
3423:Riverdale Flats, Larne (1)
3266:Dumitrescu, Ionel-Claudiu.
2978:OPERATION SMOKE AND MIRRORS
2234:Large panel system building
1309:People's Republic of Poland
1179:, eight times greater than
437:them. By the 16th century,
183:of high-rise buildings are
5501:
2754:www.hiddenarchitecture.net
2372:"High-rise building fires"
2115:
2078:, torn down in the 1970s.
2031:residential developments.
1989:
1920:demolished to make way in
1821:
1800:estate, East Belfast. The
1549:
1210:Central and Eastern Europe
1198:
720:
629:New Classical Architecture
529:in the late 19th century.
160:and may be referred to as
68:central business districts
40:
29:
5414:Architectural engineering
4935:Skyscrapers by floor area
4293:
4237:
3560:General and cited sources
3537:Sustaining: towers blocks
3366:. RTÉ News. 13 March 2005
3062:Williams Goldhagen, Sarah
2877:. Aylesbury Tenants First
2875:"Aylesbury Tenants First"
2725:10.1080/03068378408730145
2693:Old Walled City of Shibam
2644:10.1080/03068373708730789
1154:
908:prefabrication technology
794:Alison and Peter Smithson
569:is a familiar feature of
5394:Additionally guyed tower
3708:Real estate developments
3030:housingauthority.gov.hk/
2573:Mortada, Hisham (2003),
2203:environmentally friendly
2042:in the nation's largest
1059:Sarah Williams Goldhagen
561:, Germany, forming a "Y"
270:municipal infrastructure
41:Not to be confused with
5439:Height restriction laws
5317:Before the 20th century
3917:Multifamily residential
3608:. London: Granta Books.
3604:Hanley, Lynsey (2007).
2895:Parkinson-Bailey, p.195
2321:Encyclopædia Britannica
917:". Neighbourhoods like
796:were the architects of
780:, and Castlefields and
577:'s "housing unit", his
553:A residential block in
382:collapsing. The lower
4945:Voluntarily demolished
4460:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3867:Conservation community
3615:Property before people
2909:. Academy of Urbanism.
2808:. Newenglishreview.org
2381:. NFPA. Archived from
2215:Earthquake engineering
2190:
2113:
2066:, fell victim to the "
2058:in Manhattan, and the
2012:
1830:multi-family buildings
1650:
1567:
1332:; such as the largest
1292:
1271:Second Polish Republic
1254:
1238:
1236:Prague, Czech Republic
1223:
1108:
1088:
987:
969:Developments by region
950:
886:, an expansion of the
861:
733:
571:Modernist architecture
562:
345:
337:
93:
84:high-rise building in
71:
5454:Partially guyed tower
3962:Single-room occupancy
3907:Mixed-use development
3892:Intentional community
3877:Golf course community
3739:Mixed-use development
3128:Urban Trans Formation
3121:"Two Houses in Seoul"
2991:Planning and politics
2699:World Heritage Centre
2176:
2137:Department of Housing
2133:Royal Australian Navy
2111:
2081:In contrast to their
2003:
1882:historic preservation
1832:are usually known as
1641:
1559:
1311:this process started
1279:
1265:countries during the
1244:
1229:
1217:
1103:
1080:
1001:High-rise buildings,
984:Whitefield, Bangalore
981:
936:
852:
731:
567:concrete construction
552:
343:
323:
77:
62:, U.S., known as the
53:
5399:Air traffic obstacle
4814:United Arab Emirates
4031:Garden city movement
3947:Retirement community
3673:at Wikimedia Commons
3324:. 16 September 2022.
3119:Cho, Minsuk (2008).
2907:"Streets in the sky"
2772:"Streets in the Sky"
2177:An apartment with a
2151:Park Hill, Sheffield
1956:improve this article
1902:single-family houses
1869:demand for housing.
1743:public housing units
1505:, on a small scale.
1456:improve this article
1305:its satellite states
1280:Refurbished 5-story
1218:Osiedle Batorego in
1166:Samsung Tower Palace
888:Garden city movement
778:Park Hill, Sheffield
676:critical regionalist
533:had shown the first
370:collapsing, several
166:multi-dwelling units
5485:Skyscrapers by type
5016:former Soviet Union
4343:Indian subcontinent
4194:Planning permission
3937:Residential airpark
3922:Penthouse apartment
3809:Industrial district
3624:Estates on the edge
3577:. Greenwood Press.
3567:Aldrete, Gregory S.
3301:The Open University
3163:. 15 December 2009.
2834:on 24 November 2010
2760:on 1 December 2017.
2268:Grenfell Tower fire
2239:Cutie de chibrituri
2157:, particularly his
2052:Robert Taylor Homes
1834:apartment buildings
1785:Belfast Corporation
1654:Republic of Ireland
1397:, etc.). Since the
1183:, though less than
982:Modern panorama of
613:international style
254:Apartment buildings
185:reinforced concrete
18:High-rise buildings
4247:Housing portal
3819:Technology centers
3622:Power, A. (1997).
3613:Power, A. (1987).
3533:"State of the Art"
3039:on 4 February 2022
3003:Uppsala University
2490:, pp. 79 ff..
2191:
2169:Green tower blocks
2159:Unité d'habitation
2114:
2094:Central Park Tower
2013:
2005:Central Park Tower
1651:
1568:
1538:district, such as
1293:
1255:
1247:Bucharest, Romania
1239:
1224:
1177:population density
1109:
1105:Okayama prefecture
1089:
1067:affordable housing
988:
951:
865:Towers in the park
862:
840:Towers in the park
829:Unité d'Habitation
798:Robin Hood Gardens
762:Robin Hood Gardens
734:
723:Streets in the Sky
717:Streets in the sky
703:Central Park Tower
579:Unité d'Habitation
563:
388:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
346:
338:
258:population density
216:seismically active
136:. It is used as a
128:, as opposed to a
94:
72:
36:Tower Block (film)
5467:
5466:
5424:Early skyscrapers
5380:
5379:
5312:400 to 500 metres
5307:300 to 400 metres
4973:
4972:
4955:Early skyscrapers
4890:Designed by women
4253:
4252:
4209:Regional planning
4169:Land-use planning
4051:Urban green space
4046:Planned community
3981:Science/education
3927:Private community
3669:Media related to
3650:978-90-481-8699-0
3593:Dunleavy, Patrick
3584:978-0-313-33174-9
3252:978-973-27-2695-2
3221:978-1-4094-6786-1
3137:on 28 August 2011
2609:978-3-423-03020-5
2205:design features.
2098:Midtown Manhattan
2036:tower in the park
1988:
1987:
1980:
1828:In Canada, large
1791:flats as part of
1765:remain standing.
1540:Tour Défense 2000
1488:
1487:
1480:
1359:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1340:Przymorze Wielkie
1318:socialist realist
1016:Modern towers of
790:Quarry Hill flats
711:Midtown Manhattan
707:Billionaires' Row
609:early skyscrapers
458:Towers of Bologna
374:, beginning with
304:In the U.S., the
181:structural system
130:low-rise building
110:residential tower
16:(Redirected from
5492:
4986:
4895:Eastern Orthodox
4323:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4243:
3998:Satellite campus
3942:Residential area
3897:Luxury apartment
3857:Closed community
3804:Business cluster
3701:
3694:
3687:
3678:
3668:
3654:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3491:on 11 March 2012
3481:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3293:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3176:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3032:. Archived from
3027:
3017:
3011:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2940:tottenham.london
2932:
2926:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2706:
2700:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2581:, p. viii,
2570:
2564:
2563:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2527:Brill Publishers
2518:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2478:, pp. 78–9.
2473:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2409:, pp. 79f..
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2312:
2306:
2293:
2253:Wind engineering
2040:housing projects
1983:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1940:
1932:
1838:apartment blocks
1729:Northern Ireland
1572:Second World War
1519:
1503:Washington, D.C.
1499:Northern Quarter
1483:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1440:
1432:
1383:Marxism–Leninism
1338:building in the
1263:Eastern European
1157:
1156:
1112:Housing in Japan
1029:
1013:
998:
937:A panel housing
802:Aylesbury Estate
782:Southgate Estate
742:terraced housing
694:, also known as
688:Art Deco Nouveau
656:deconstructivist
543:extension ladder
539:turntable ladder
522:of the desert".
21:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5480:Apartment types
5470:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5386:
5376:
5372:Twin structures
5295:
5032:
4981:
4969:
4848:
4689:North Macedonia
4406:
4390:Central America
4312:
4289:
4284:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4154:Greenfield land
4124:Brownfield land
4112:
4062:
4007:
3976:
3882:Gated community
3823:
3814:Industrial park
3790:
3776:Shopping center
3744:Office building
3734:Commercial area
3710:
3705:
3661:
3651:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3591:
3585:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3543:on 23 June 2004
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3441:City of Toronto
3435:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3279:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3187:: Zupagrafika.
3178:
3177:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3064:(18 May 2012).
3060:
3059:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2684:
2670:10.2307/1504639
2664:(2–3): 39–48 ,
2655:
2654:
2650:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2388:on 11 July 2012
2385:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2211:
2189:, New York City
2171:
2146:
2124:
2106:
2087:Upper East Side
2060:Desire Projects
2029:Stuyvesant Town
1998:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1953:
1941:
1930:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1676:Fatima Mansions
1636:
1608:council housing
1561:Argyle Building
1554:
1548:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1453:
1441:
1430:
1416:, among former
1381:building under
1355:systematisation
1267:interwar period
1212:
1207:
1197:
1150:
1098:
1075:
1063:Hangzhou, China
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1005:
999:
976:
971:
928:law enforcement
847:
806:Hulme Crescents
758:Broadwater Farm
726:
719:
617:Singer Building
597:slum clearances
481:communal living
318:
278:
220:compressibility
164:, standing for
154:British English
142:office building
114:apartment block
106:apartment tower
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5281:United Kingdom
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:Czech Republic
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5006:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4940:Twin buildings
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Most expensive
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4819:United Kingdom
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4519:Czech Republic
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4219:Urban planning
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Greyfield land
4156:
4151:
4149:Eminent domain
4146:
4144:Context theory
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4043:
4041:Planned cities
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3932:Public housing
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Housing estate
3884:
3879:
3874:
3872:Executive home
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:Bungalow court
3844:
3842:Boarding house
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3660:
3659:External links
3657:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3589:
3583:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3524:
3502:
3476:
3467:
3453:
3428:
3416:
3414:, p. 367.
3404:
3397:
3377:
3355:
3327:
3313:
3288:
3277:
3258:
3251:
3227:
3220:
3200:
3193:
3166:
3148:
3111:
3082:
3050:
3012:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2927:
2912:
2897:
2888:
2866:
2845:
2819:
2797:
2785:
2763:
2741:
2729:
2701:
2682:
2648:
2622:
2613:
2593:
2587:
2565:
2559:
2541:
2535:
2513:
2503:, Mainz 2004,
2492:
2480:
2468:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2421:, Epigrams, 27
2411:
2399:
2362:
2346:
2334:
2307:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2255:
2250:
2236:
2231:
2229:Prefabrication
2226:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2170:
2167:
2145:
2142:
2105:
2102:
2083:public housing
2068:ghettofication
2021:Castle Village
1986:
1985:
1944:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1802:Royal Hospital
1793:slum clearance
1731:
1730:
1668:Ballymun Flats
1656:
1655:
1635:
1632:
1612:Central London
1584:Grenfell Tower
1550:Main article:
1547:
1544:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1486:
1485:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1428:Western Europe
1426:
1414:European Union
1371:Czech Republic
1367:Czechoslovakia
1269:, such as the
1257:Although some
1211:
1208:
1196:
1193:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1097:
1094:
1074:
1071:
1036:, Middle East)
1031:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
975:
972:
970:
967:
919:St. James Town
904:public housing
854:Debney Meadows
846:
844:microdistricts
837:
770:Hunslet Grange
750:Trellick Tower
718:
715:
477:southern China
372:Roman emperors
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
302:
295:
288:
277:
274:
236:fire sprinkler
193:North American
118:block of flats
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5497:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:Groundscraper
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Ferris wheels
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:United States
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5027:
5026:South America
5024:
5023:
5022:The Americas
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:(of any type)
4980:
4976:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:United States
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4400:Latin America
4398:
4396:
4395:South America
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:North America
4383:
4382:
4381:The Americas
4380:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Baltic states
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4248:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Redevelopment
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Groundscraper
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:Miscellaneous
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Model village
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Research park
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3972:Tract housing
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Rooming house
3955:
3953:
3952:Revenue house
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3780:Shopping mall
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Business park
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3398:9780300054446
3394:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3378:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3302:
3298:
3297:"Ronan Point"
3292:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3201:
3196:
3194:9788395057472
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:Brutal Poland
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3161:The Hankyoreh
3158:
3152:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3100:
3099:inhabitat.com
3096:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3071:
3067:
3066:"Living High"
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2846:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2795:at BBC Online
2794:
2789:
2786:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2719:(2): 154–62,
2718:
2714:
2713:
2712:Asian Affairs
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:(2): 201–16,
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2588:0-7007-1700-5
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2560:0-8225-3221-2
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2536:90-04-09626-4
2532:
2529:, p. 6,
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:3-8053-3276-9
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:3-7611-0585-1
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2433:, p. 78.
2432:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:0-07-138211-9
2301:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:(documentary)
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Cabrini–Green
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1945:This section
1943:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1928:United States
1927:
1925:
1923:
1922:redevelopment
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1813:North America
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:Great Britain
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:Tower Hamlets
1593:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1546:Great Britain
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1471:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1445:This section
1443:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:programme of
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:Khrushchyovka
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:Khrushchyovka
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1012:
1004:
997:
985:
980:
973:
968:
966:
964:
960:
956:
948:
944:
940:
939:microdistrict
935:
931:
929:
925:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:North America
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
859:
855:
851:
845:
841:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
825:
820:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:Keeling House
763:
759:
755:
754:Balfron Tower
751:
747:
743:
739:
730:
724:
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:structuralist
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:Postmodernism
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:urban renewal
598:
594:
591:, rough-cast
590:
589:
584:
583:Cité radieuse
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
556:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
479:have adopted
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:San Gimignano
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Nasir Khusraw
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
342:
335:
331:
327:
322:
315:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
282:
281:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
87:
83:
82:
76:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:New Brunswick
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5458:
5449:Oil platform
5419:Construction
5352:Freestanding
5276:Turkmenistan
5241:South Africa
5221:Saudi Arabia
4764:South Africa
4739:Saudi Arabia
4214:Urban design
4139:Construction
4102:
4026:Civic center
4003:Science park
3862:Company town
3761:Power center
3632:
3623:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3572:
3545:. Retrieved
3541:the original
3536:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:the original
3479:
3470:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3387:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:The Guardian
3340:
3330:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:
3291:
3280:
3271:
3261:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3210:
3203:
3180:
3160:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3132:the original
3127:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:
3073:. Retrieved
3070:New Republic
3069:
3041:. Retrieved
3034:the original
3029:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2939:
2930:
2900:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2832:the original
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2800:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2766:
2758:the original
2753:
2744:
2732:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2661:
2658:APT Bulletin
2657:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2574:
2568:
2550:
2544:
2522:
2516:
2500:
2495:
2488:Aldrete 2004
2483:
2476:Aldrete 2004
2471:
2450:
2438:
2431:Aldrete 2004
2426:
2414:
2407:Aldrete 2004
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2378:
2365:
2354:
2349:
2337:
2327:19 September
2325:. Retrieved
2319:
2316:"skyscraper"
2310:
2291:
2242:
2220:
2199:solar panels
2192:
2183:solar panels
2155:Le Corbusier
2147:
2125:
2091:
2080:
2054:in Chicago,
2033:
2018:
2014:
1974:
1968:October 2009
1965:
1954:Please help
1949:verification
1946:
1918:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:condo towers
1845:
1842:condominiums
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1783:
1767:
1732:
1695:Celtic Tiger
1692:
1657:
1643:Capital Dock
1628:Canary Wharf
1589:
1580:
1569:
1535:
1533:
1492:
1489:
1474:
1468:January 2020
1465:
1454:Please help
1449:verification
1446:
1411:
1391:
1387:ruling party
1362:
1348:
1342:district of
1333:
1322:Iron Curtain
1313:even earlier
1297:Eastern Bloc
1294:
1284:, winter in
1256:
1174:
1164:
1151:
1140:
1133:
1115:
1110:
1090:
1082:
1057:
1053:condominiums
1042:
963:green spaces
957:. Under the
955:urbanization
952:
942:
912:
880:Le Corbusier
877:
864:
863:
822:
821:in her book
815:
738:architecture
735:
700:
692:neohistorist
687:
644:neo-futurist
633:
625:New Urbanism
605:World War II
586:
575:Le Corbusier
564:
524:
504:tower houses
489:
473:Hakka people
470:
451:
431:water wheels
427:roof gardens
415:Al-Muqaddasi
404:
379:
367:
364:Roman Empire
360:Ancient Rome
353:
347:
291:
279:
252:
244:wind comfort
212:geotechnical
205:
174:
165:
161:
158:tower blocks
157:
134:jurisdiction
122:office tower
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
95:
79:
63:
47:
5459:Tower block
5357:Lighthouses
5261:Switzerland
5201:Philippines
5191:New Zealand
5186:Netherlands
5046:Afghanistan
4930:Residential
4905:Educational
4860:100+ floors
4784:Switzerland
4769:South Korea
4714:Philippines
4684:North Korea
4674:Netherlands
4360:Scandinavia
4174:Nonbuilding
4103:Tower block
3967:Subdivision
3829:Residential
3766:Retail park
3517:25 November
3446:15 February
3272:historia.ro
3022:"香港房屋委員會年報"
2945:28 December
2793:Quarry Hill
2195:green roofs
2144:Deck access
2096:located in
2074:complex in
2072:Pruitt–Igoe
2064:New Orleans
2025:Parkchester
1874:Quebec City
1747:Divis Tower
1576:Ronan Point
1418:Warsaw Pact
1405:borough of
1403:Śródmieście
1148:South Korea
1018:Vladivostok
884:Plan Voisin
819:Jane Jacobs
768:in London,
640:sustainable
527:fire trucks
400:Roman Egypt
262:urban areas
201:steel frame
197:skyscrapers
138:residential
98:tower block
5474:Categories
5291:Uzbekistan
5176:Luxembourg
5038:By country
4979:Structures
4865:Architects
4604:Kazakhstan
4450:Bangladesh
4445:Azerbaijan
4412:By country
4303:Skyscraper
4199:Playground
4098:Skyscraper
3852:City block
3796:Industrial
3771:Riverfront
3716:Commercial
3671:High-rises
3306:29 October
3043:4 February
2456:Feldmeilen
2278:References
2243:Matchboxes
2241:– meaning
2128:Sydney CBD
2116:See also:
2056:Penn South
2046:, such as
1990:See also:
1866:skyscraper
1822:See also:
1751:Obel Tower
1688:Kilbarrack
1536:La Défense
1527:La Défense
1205:Plattenbau
1199:See also:
1160:Korean War
1107:"mansions"
1047:and urban
869:morphology
810:Manchester
792:in Leeds.
696:revivalist
680:vernacular
668:streamline
588:béton brut
559:Westphalia
508:apartments
500:mud bricks
435:irrigating
407:Arab Egypt
396:Hermopolis
392:provincial
299:evacuation
276:Definition
208:structural
170:skyscraper
124:is a tall
86:Kalasatama
60:New Jersey
43:Skyscraper
5342:Flagpoles
5251:Sri Lanka
5151:Indonesia
5061:Australia
5004:West Asia
4989:By region
4960:Supertall
4915:Hospitals
4834:Venezuela
4749:Singapore
4634:Lithuania
4574:Indonesia
4494:Hong Kong
4435:Australia
4430:Argentina
4348:Southeast
4326:By region
4318:Buildings
4081:Apartment
4068:Buildings
4013:Municipal
3902:McMansion
3547:15 August
3495:15 August
2579:Routledge
2392:10 August
2283:Citations
2187:the Bronx
2163:Marseille
2076:St. Louis
2009:Manhattan
1924:schemes.
1914:Vancouver
1862:high-rise
1798:Clarawood
1759:Rathcoole
1755:New Lodge
1723:Mullingar
1649:, Ireland
1624:Stratford
1620:Nine Elms
1616:Southwark
1578:in 1968.
1395:brutalism
1369:(now the
1330:modernism
1185:Manhattan
1049:Hong Kong
1045:Singapore
1034:Abu Dhabi
1003:Hong Kong
945:series) (
900:Australia
882:with the
873:modernist
858:Melbourne
833:Marseille
652:high-tech
555:Steinfurt
520:Manhattan
350:antiquity
228:standpipe
102:high-rise
92:, Finland
32:High Rise
5327:Chimneys
5236:Slovakia
5211:Portugal
5081:Bulgaria
4965:Megatall
4885:Churches
4844:Zimbabwe
4799:Thailand
4794:Tanzania
4759:Slovakia
4754:Slovenia
4724:Portugal
4704:Pakistan
4659:Mongolia
4639:Malaysia
4504:Colombia
4475:Cambodia
4470:Bulgaria
4129:Cemetery
4021:Arcology
3837:Agrihood
3595:(1981).
3569:(2004).
2881:8 August
2838:8 August
2812:8 August
2778:8 August
2611:, p. 345
2379:nfpa.org
2247:Romanian
2221:Highrise
2209:See also
1906:Montreal
1898:Hamilton
1894:Winnipeg
1890:Edmonton
1858:mid-rise
1850:low-rise
1789:mid-rise
1715:Drogheda
1703:Limerick
1680:Ballymun
1660:Ballymun
1594:such as
1529:at night
1495:Brussels
1422:Eurostat
1375:Slovakia
1335:falowiec
1251:EU funds
1232:paneláks
1230:Painted
1222:, Poland
1126:borrowed
1122:projects
1087:entrance
1020:, Russia
986:in India
684:Art Deco
593:concrete
535:cogwheel
494:city of
462:Florence
454:medieval
421:, while
419:minarets
376:Augustus
334:mudbrick
266:low-rise
248:setbacks
240:elevator
230:system,
177:elevator
126:building
90:Helsinki
64:Hub City
5385:Related
5362:Statues
5332:Crosses
5322:Bridges
5266:Tunisia
5216:Romania
5181:Myanmar
5161:Ireland
5141:Iceland
5136:Hungary
5126:Germany
5116:Finland
5111:Estonia
5101:Denmark
5076:Belgium
5071:Bahrain
5066:Austria
5056:Algeria
5051:Albania
4900:Mosques
4839:Vietnam
4829:Uruguay
4809:Ukraine
4729:Romania
4679:Nigeria
4669:Myanmar
4664:Morocco
4629:Lebanon
4584:Ireland
4564:Iceland
4554:Germany
4549:Georgia
4539:Finland
4534:Estonia
4529:Ecuador
4524:Denmark
4509:Croatia
4455:Bolivia
4440:Austria
4425:Algeria
4420:Albania
4377:Oceania
4370:Balkans
4298:History
4189:Parking
3724:Airport
3348:14 June
3141:28 June
3104:28 June
3075:28 June
2678:1504639
2511:, p. 29
2445:, 5.3.7
2419:Martial
2179:pergola
2104:Oceania
1910:Toronto
1886:Calgary
1878:Halifax
1854:walk-up
1779:Bogside
1774:Cregagh
1763:Finaghy
1739:Belfast
1719:Dundalk
1684:Coolock
1634:Ireland
1604:Hackney
1565:Glasgow
1412:In the
1379:panelák
1363:blocuri
1351:Romania
1295:In the
1290:Estonia
1286:Tallinn
1259:Central
1201:Panelák
1141:Mansion
915:ghettos
786:Runcorn
746:toilets
690:), and
672:novelty
664:digital
636:organic
531:Magirus
447:tenants
445:out to
380:insulae
368:insulae
355:insulae
316:History
285:Emporis
224:bay mud
199:have a
195:–style
191:. Most
81:Majakka
5387:topics
5367:Towers
5271:Turkey
5256:Sweden
5230:Kosovo
5226:Serbia
5206:Poland
5196:Norway
5131:Greece
5121:France
5086:Canada
5011:Europe
4996:Africa
4920:Hotels
4910:Future
4804:Turkey
4789:Taiwan
4779:Sweden
4744:Serbia
4734:Russia
4719:Poland
4699:Panama
4694:Norway
4654:Monaco
4649:Mexico
4624:Latvia
4619:Kuwait
4614:Kosovo
4589:Israel
4559:Greece
4544:France
4514:Cyprus
4480:Canada
4465:Brazil
4355:Europe
4333:Africa
4308:Storey
4229:Zoning
3988:Campus
3754:inland
3647:
3581:
3395:
3370:19 May
3249:
3218:
3191:
3185:Poznań
2697:UNESCO
2676:
2607:
2585:
2557:
2533:
2507:
2466:p. 231
2462:
2458:1984,
2443:Strabo
2302:
2044:cities
1912:, and
1818:Canada
1707:Galway
1666:. The
1664:Dublin
1647:Dublin
1618:, and
1600:Newham
1592:London
1509:France
1407:Warsaw
1344:Gdańsk
1220:Warsaw
1195:Europe
1155:아파트 단지
1134:Apaato
1117:danchi
1084:xiaoqu
896:Europe
827:. The
627:, and
512:meters
496:Shibam
492:Yemeni
443:rented
411:Fustat
384:floors
352:: the
326:Shibam
150:retail
5429:Fires
5300:Lists
5246:Spain
5171:Japan
5166:Italy
5146:India
5106:Egypt
5091:China
5000:Asia
4853:Lists
4774:Spain
4644:Malta
4609:Kenya
4599:Japan
4594:Italy
4569:India
4498:Macau
4490:China
4485:Chile
4224:YIMBY
4179:NIMBY
4108:Villa
4091:types
4086:House
4072:types
4056:parks
3241:[
3135:(PDF)
3124:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
3026:(PDF)
2674:JSTOR
2386:(PDF)
2375:(PDF)
2296:BICSI
1896:, or
1864:, or
1807:Larne
1711:Navan
1170:Seoul
1096:Japan
1073:China
867:is a
774:Leeds
599:and "
514:(100
485:Tulou
439:Cairo
330:Yemen
189:steel
156:, as
146:hotel
120:, or
5337:Dams
5156:Iran
4950:Wood
4709:Peru
4579:Iran
4338:Asia
4184:Park
3749:Port
3645:ISBN
3579:ISBN
3549:2012
3519:2011
3497:2012
3448:2016
3393:ISBN
3372:2010
3350:2017
3308:2015
3247:ISBN
3216:ISBN
3189:ISBN
3143:2012
3106:2012
3077:2012
3045:2022
2947:2021
2883:2010
2840:2010
2814:2010
2780:2010
2605:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2460:ISBN
2394:2012
2329:2012
2300:ISBN
2181:and
2120:and
2050:and
2027:and
1994:and
1876:and
1852:(or
1721:and
1705:and
1699:Cork
1686:and
1626:and
1373:and
1303:and
1301:USSR
1261:and
1203:and
1189:OECD
1181:Rome
974:Asia
943:П-44
924:gang
898:and
842:and
776:and
764:and
686:(or
660:blob
516:feet
471:The
433:for
290:The
232:HVAC
210:and
187:and
162:MDUs
78:The
34:and
3637:doi
2721:doi
2666:doi
2640:doi
2245:in
2197:or
2185:in
2161:in
2062:in
2007:in
1958:by
1856:),
1844:or
1836:or
1563:in
1493:In
1458:by
1377:),
1349:In
1234:in
1168:in
922:by
871:of
831:in
808:in
772:in
709:in
705:on
475:in
405:In
398:in
358:in
222:or
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3643:.
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3085:^
3068:.
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3028:.
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2938:.
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2859:.
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2695:,
2685:^
2672:,
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2660:,
2636:24
2634:,
2596:^
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2525:,
2377:.
2318:.
2165:.
1908:,
1892:,
1888:,
1860:,
1717:,
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1682:,
1672:U2
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1630:.
1614:,
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1288:,
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1081:A
1069:.
930:.
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894:,
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646:,
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