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roads that had become public highways since 1870 were designated as main roads. Other main roads were to be those between "great towns" and those leading to railway stations. In addition any other highway could be declared a main road by the justices of the county in quarter sessions. Half the cost
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made changes to the administration of highways. From 1836 each parish was to appoint a surveyor, and was empowered to make a rate to keep the roads under its control in good order. The surveyor could be convicted and fined by the county justices for failing to keep the highways in repair. The 1835
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The highway board took over the property and liabilities of the parish surveyors in its district, appointing a clerk, treasurer and district surveyor. The costs of the administration was to be paid by a rate levied on the district, although the cost of repairing highways was still chargeable as a
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to form a local board would cease to be part of a highway district. A large number of communities, some with very small populations, quickly chose to form boards and avoid being part of a district. The number of applications was such that the
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c. 17) was passed providing that no local board could be formed after 1 March 1863 with a population of fewer than 3,000, and that any local board which had not appointed a surveyor within three months of formation would be dissolved.
102:. The membership of the board consisted of one or more members elected annually by each parish, and known as waywardens, and by any county justices residing in the district.
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from 1889, who were to bear all of the cost of their upkeep. The highway boards continued to have responsibility for highways other than main roads.
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Act also changed the law, with new roads not being declared highways, and therefore repairable by the parish, unless they met certain criteria.
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and parts of South Wales were also exempt, as special legislation was already in place to establish highway authorities in those areas.
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c. 73) passed all the powers, duties and liabilities of existing highway boards, highway authorities or surveyors to the newly created
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There was no compulsion for districts to be formed, and some parishes continued to separately maintain highways until 1894.
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of a county to divide the county into highway districts consisting of a number of parishes. This was done by means of a
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united for the maintenance and repair of highways. They were first formed in 1862 and consisted of groupings of
86:. The order listed the parishes to be grouped together, the name to be given to the district and the number of
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in rural areas. They were abolished in 1894 when their powers and duties passed to
218:. Rural district councils continued to exercise these powers until 1930, when the
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transferred responsibility for rural highways to county councils.
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of maintaining main roads was to be borne by the county at large.
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27:
98:
The authority governing the highway district was called a
194:passed responsibility for main roads to the new
172:Highways and Locomotives (Amendment) Act 1878
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178:c. 77) created a new class of highway – the
121:The 1862 Act did not extend to all areas of
148:The Act stated that any place adopting the
141:could not be grouped into a district. The
262:1862 establishments in the United Kingdom
155:Local Government Act Amendment Act 1863
257:Local government in the United Kingdom
16:Type of district in England and Wales
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182:. The act provided that all former
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50:had been responsible for keeping
129:. Places within the area of the
90:to be elected by each parish.
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54:in repair since the reign of
131:Metropolitan Board of Works
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237:Local Government Act 1894
220:Local Government Act 1929
208:Local Government Act 1894
192:Local Government Act 1888
150:Local Government Act 1858
110:to individual parishes.
216:rural district councils
36:rural district councils
267:1894 disestablishments
166:Changes in legislation
76:justices of the peace
232:Highways Act 1862
212:56 & 57 Vict.
176:41 & 42 Vict.
159:26 & 27 Vict.
137:and towns having
82:confirmed by the
80:provisional order
72:25 & 26 Vict.
68:Highways Act 1862
20:Highway districts
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84:quarter sessions
60:Highway Act 1835
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196:county councils
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74:c. 61) enabled
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94:Highway boards
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32:civil parishes
22:were areas in
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143:Isle of Wight
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100:highway board
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139:local boards
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117:Areas exempt
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108:highway rate
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251:Categories
243:References
88:waywardens
56:Henry VIII
42:Background
202:Abolition
180:main road
226:See also
184:turnpike
135:boroughs
52:highways
48:vestries
123:England
46:Parish
24:England
58:. The
127:Wales
28:Wales
206:The
190:The
170:The
125:and
66:The
26:and
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133:,
38:.
210:(
174:(
157:(
70:(
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