High-altitude platform station

1011: 744: 1872: 840: 2175: 1757: 2024: 45: 2338: 4262: 422: 879: 4519: 4529: 2079:, the 150 ft (46 m) wide UAV has a gross takeoff weight of 9,800 lbs (4.4 t) and can carry a 450 lb (200 kg) payload. It cruises at 150 kn (280 km/h), can reach 65,000 ft (19,800 m) and have a four days endurance. A full size variant is designed to carry a 2,000 lb (910 kg) payload during ten days. In August 2016, the Phantom Eye demonstrator was transferred to the 2293: 4773: 1288:

concentrating on the full-scale version, by attempting a continuous 7-day flight at an altitude of 20 kilometers above mean sea level (AMSL) at a cruising speed of 100 km/h. NRT intends to develop the full-scale HAPS model (CATS Infinity), a far larger UAV intended for ninety-day endurance at high altitudes. With a payload capacity of 35 kg, the full-scale model will have a higher

2251:" (HALE-D) subscale demonstrator was launched on a test flight. HALE-D had a 500,000 cu ft (14,000 m) volume, was 240 ft (73 m) long and 70 ft (21 m) wide, had 15 kW (20 hp) solar cells charging 40 kWh Li-ion batteries and 2 kW (2.7 hp) electric motors to cruise at 20 kn (37 km/h) 1030:(KARI) began developing its Electrical Aerial Vehicle (EAV) in 2010, after subscale demonstrators, its latest 20 m (66 ft) wide EAV-3 weighs 66 kg (146 lb) and is designed to fly for months; it flew up to 14.2 km (47,000 ft) in August 2015, during 53 hours and up to 22 km (72,000 ft) in August 2020. 904:, with a sixth 41 ft (12 m) wing section for a 247 ft (75 m) span, and a fifth landing gear and systems pod. It first flew in late 1999, solar panels were added in 2000 and it reached 96,863 ft (29,524 m) on August 13, 2001. A production aircraft would fly for up to six months. It broke up in flight in 2003. 1833:, the Perseus Proof-Of-Concept UAV first flew in November 1991 followed by Perseus A on 21 December 1993, which reached over 50,000 ft (15,000 m). Designed to fly at 62,000 ft (18.9 km) and up to 24 hours, Perseus B first flew on 7 October 1994 and reached 60,280 ft (18,370 m) on June 27, 1998. Its 2238:

platform, telecommunications relay, or a weather observer. Launch was originally proposed in 2008, the production aircraft would be 500 ft (150 m) long and 150 ft (46 m) in diameter. Powered by solar cells, it would stay in the air for up to one month and was intended to survey a

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In May 2024, the scaled down prototype named HAPS was again flight tested and it set a new national endurance record of 27 hours at 26,000 ft. The flight test was conducted at Chitradurga Aeronautical Test Range. NRT intends to conduct additional endurance studies using the HAPS scaled model before

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first flew on October 9, 1988, it reached 67,028 ft (20,430 m) and stayed aloft for nearly 60 hours; powered by two 175 hp (130 kW) piston engines, the 200 ft (61 m) wide UAV had a 20,300 lb (9,200 kg) gross weight and was designed to reach 73,000 ft (22,250 m) and to

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burning jet fuel with an increased gross weight to 11,000 lb (5,000 kg), designed to fly at 20,000 ft (6,100 m) during 120 hours (five days) with a 1,000lb payload, or a week with a smaller one; it made its first flight in August 2013 and flew during 80 hours in December 2015,

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between them and to ground stations. On June 28, 2016, it took its first flight, during ninety minutes and reaching 2,150 ft (660 m), but a twenty-foot section of the righthand wing broke off during final approach. It made another low-altitude test flights in 2017. On June 27, 2018,

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manned demonstrator made its first flight on 3 December 2009, and flew an entire diurnal solar cycle in a July 2010 26-hour flight. The 71.9 m (236 ft) wide, 2.3 tonnes (5,100 lb) Solar Impulse 2 first flew on 2 June 2014, it could reach 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and its longest flight was from

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piston engine boosted by a three-stage turbocharger flat-rated to 105 hp (78 kW) to 60,000 ft (18,000 m). It has a 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) maximum weight, is able to carry a 260 lb (120 kg) payload and its 71.5 ft (21.8 m) wing has a high 26:1

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design with high-efficiency solar cells to fly continuously for months at altitudes up to 19,000 m (62,000 ft), carrying payloads up to 6 kg (13 lb). During a test flight in Rwanda in October 2023, Mira Aerospace became the first company to successfully deliver

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for use at night. Costing less than $ 2 million, they could carry a 70 lb (30 kg) payload for up to five years, limited by battery deterioration. In 2013, Titan was flying two fifth-scale test models and aimed to flight test a full-sized prototype by 2014. In March 2014,

1046:, is developing the A3, a 38 m (125 ft) wingspan, 149 kg (330 lb) twin-boom solar-powered HAPS designed to stay aloft at 67,000 ft (20,000 m) for 90 days carrying a 25 kg (55 lb) payload. OS owns 51% of UK company 700:

for starting rockets: "As a rough estimate, a rocket that reaches an altitude of 20 km (66,000 ft) when launched from the ground will reach 100 km (54 nmi) if launched at an altitude of 20 km (66,000 ft) from a balloon."

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aircraft weigh less than 880 kg (1,940 lb) and can carry a 25kg (55lb) payload. It was designed to stay above 65,000 ft (20,000 m) up to three months at latitudes up to 20°. Its first flight was indefinitely delayed by July

2230:. In January 2006, Lockheed won a $ 149M Contract to build it and demonstrate its technical feasibility and military utility. It would operate above 60,000 ft (18,000 m) in a quasi-geostationary position to deliver persistent 1237:'s Ames Research Center in July 2020. Designed to operate at 70,000 ft (21,000 m), the persistent 72 ft (22 m) UAV weighs less than 180 lb (82 kg) and can carry up to 15 lb (6.8 kg) payloads. 1276:

and NewSpace Research. Its scaled down model underwent first flight in 2022. In February 2024, a test flight of the scaled down prototype weighing 23 kg was tested with a wingspan of 12 m at an altitude of 3 km was carried out on

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at 60,000 ft (18,000 m) with a 50 lb (23 kg) payload during 15 days. At 32,000 ft (9,800 m) a problem with the helium levels prevented it and the flight was terminated. It descended and crashed in a

2311:, 377 ft (115 m) long and weighting 15,000 lb (6,800 kg) including a 550 lb (250 kg) payload, it is designed for a five-year mission with annual servicing and a prototype was planned for late 2020. 1907:

piston engine, The 2,130 lb (970 kg) MTOW testbed could carry up to 330 lb (150 kg) of scientific instruments. The Altus II first flew on May 1, 1996, had an endurance over 26 hours, and reached a maximum

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Flying in late 1998, the Centurion had a redesigned high-altitude airfoil and span increased to 206 ft (63 m), 14 motors, four underwing pods to carry batteries, systems and landing gear. It was modified into the

1054:, developing the A3 since 2014 with scale model test flights in 2015 and full-scale low-altitude flights in 2016. High-altitude flights should begin in 2019, to complete tests in 2020 with a commercial introduction as for 307: 303: 1936:

with a 17 m (55 ft) front wing and a wider 24 m (78 ft) wide back wing for a maximum takeoff weight of 6.6 t (14,500 lb), could cruise at 450 km/h (240 kn) and stay 22 hours at 925 km (500 nmi) of its

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covered with solar cells. The 14 t (31,000 lb) aircraft could carry a 500 kg (1,100 lb) payload during 3 to 5 years as helium loss would be minimal at high altitudes. For energy storage, a 180kW

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had four sections of the Pathfinder wing out of five attached to a longer center section, increasing span to 121 ft (37 m), it flew in 1998 and reached 80,201 ft (24,445 m) on August 6 of that

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piston engines, the Theseus first flew on May 24, 1996. Designed to fly during 50 hours up to 65,000 ft (20,000 m), the 5,500 (2.5 t) maximum weight UAV was 140 ft (42.7 m) wide and could carry a 340 kg (750 lb)

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with a duration of eight and a half hours. Officials stated that the development is now expected for completion in 2027. In the next test, expected to happen in March 2024, the duration shall be increased to 24

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Stratospheric airships are often presented as a competing technology. However few prototypes have been built and none are operational. Among balloons specifically, the most well known high-endurance project was

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HAPS has completed over 100 test flights across 3 continents, building off technologies first developed in 2014. With a wingspan of 14 m (46 ft), the unmanned ApusDuo 14 aircraft utilizes a flexible

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in late 1993 as the Pathfinder, and with solar cells covering the entire wing added later, it reached 50,500 ft (15,400 m) on September 11, 1995 and then 71,530 ft (21,800 m) in 1997. The

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Wind profile variation with altitude from NASA, showing minimum wind speeds between 17 and 22 km (56,000 and 72,000 ft). Although absolute values will vary, the trends shown are similar for most

306: 614:, over a coverage area similar to that of a satellite. Military communications can be improved in remote areas like in Afghanistan, where mountainous terrain interferes with communications signals. 3975: 4418: 127:

have been proposed as alternatives to conventional engines. Above commercial air transport and wind turbulence, at high altitudes, drag as well as lift are reduced. HAPS could be used for

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The first stratospheric powered airship flight took place in 1969, reaching 70,000 feet (21 km) for 2 hours with a 5 pounds (2.3 kilograms) payload. By August 2002, US company

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UAV spanning 132 ft (40 m) and weighing 935 lb (424 kg), designed to stay aloft at FL650 for 90 days. It was designed and manufactured by UK company Ascenta for

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between 17 and 22 km (56,000 and 72,000 ft), although this is variable with the latitude and season. Altitudes above 55,000 ft (17,000 m) are also above

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is a rotorcraft produced by Boeing. First flown in 2002, the program had goals of a 24-hour endurance, and 30,000 ft (9,100 m) altitude, but was abandoned in December 2012.

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design bureau is flight-testing the LA-252, an 82 ft (25 m)-span, 255 lb (116 kg) solar-powered UAV designed to stay aloft 100 days in the stratosphere.

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turbofan, weighs up to 32,250 lb (14.6 t) at takeoff, and carries a 3,000 lb (1,360 kg) payload up to 60,000 ft (18,300 m) over more than 34 hours. It can be used as a

2147:, as a part the South Korean HAA development program. By April 2004, stratospheric airships were being developed in USA, UK, Canada, Korea and Japan. In May 2004, the 3455: 3135: 370:(Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology) was started in September 1994 to study high-altitude UAVs, and was terminated in 2003. In July 1996, the USAF 4026: 4565: 1863:

first flew on 31 March 1995 and reached 18,552 m (60,897 ft). The 56.5 m (185 ft) wide aircraft was powered by two 300 kW (400 hp) piston engines turbocharged by a

675: 3663: 3704: 3758: 1957:, the 114 ft (35 m) wide aircraft can weigh up to 22,100 lb (10 t). Having a 50,700 ft (15,450 m) ceiling, it flew for 76 hours and 45 minutes in February 2006. 735:

reached an altitude of 21,360 m (70,080 ft) in 1993, a variant of the M-17 first flown in 1982, which reached 21,830 m (71,620 ft) in 1990.

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LTA-based launch systems for Mars exploration, with development taking place via terrestrial high-altitude platforms. The first systems were tested by 2021.

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turbojet, it was designed to fly 30 hours up to 70,000 ft (21,340 m), and managed to fly during 17.4 hours and up to 55,000 feet (16,800 m); the competing

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bought Titan Aerospace in April 2014, managed to fly a prototype in May 2015 but it crashed within minutes and Titan Aerospace was shut down by early 2017.

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due to its high speed generating a centrifugal force matching the gravity. Changing a satellite orbit requires expending its extremely limited fuel supply.

4261: 2850: 305: 4422: 3985: 3640: 2111:, with a wingspan of 60 m (200 ft), that would fly at 60,000 ft (18,000 m) for nine-days with a payload of 140 kg (310 lb). 4140: 2630:"High altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle of a new generation – a design challenge for a low cost, reliable and high performance aircraft" 4048: 3719: 3609: 3563: 936:. The latest Zephyr 8/S model weighs 75 kg (165 lb), has a wingspan of 25 m (82 ft), and reached 23,200 m (76,100 ft). 3940: 3898: 4809: 2718: 2357:(60,000 to 70,000 ft (18 to 21 km) above sea level) at a fixed point over the Earth's surface. At that altitude the air has 1/10 of its 3433: 3250: 474:

between 20,000 to 35,000 ft (6,100 to 10,700 m). Maintaining a position facing variable winds is a challenge. Relatively mild wind and

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Scientific ballooning: technology and applications of exploration balloons floating in the stratosphere and the atmospheres of other planets

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have been capable of reaching high altitudes since the 1950s, their endurance is limited. One of the few operational HALE aircraft is the

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are designed to operate at very high 60,000 to 75,000 feet (18.3 to 22.9 km) altitudes during weeks, months or years. Subjected to

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at 65,000 ft (20,000 m) is above clouds and turbulence with winds below 5 kn (9 km/h), and above FAA-regulated

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operates at altitudes of 19.8 km (65,000 ft), while carrying a 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) payload. Powered by two

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of the Compass Cope program first flew on 17 August 1974 and was designed to fly up to 70,000 ft (21,340 m) and during 30 hours

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direct to devices over a 200 km (125 mi) diameter area On 21–22 September 2020, the HAPSMobile Hawk30 (rebranded as

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sailplane, designed to reach 40,000 feet (12,000 m) and capable to fly 28 hours. The following Compass Cope program saw the

4777: 4018: 2504: 2048: 1999: 1723: 1269: 1265: 978: 199: 2166:(SwRI), sponsored by the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (ASMDC), successfully demonstrated powered flight of the 4450: 4398: 4394: 4203: 4128:. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies - RAST2011. IEEE. pp. 13–16. 4107: 3671: 3143: 2163: 2080: 1966: 238:(MALE) aircraft flying between 25,000 and 50,000 ft (7,600 and 15,200 m) during 24 hours, more vulnerable to 4748: 4522: 2896: 1946: 674:

can deploy scientific equipment to measure environmental changes or to keep track of weather. In partnership with The

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in daylight to stay aloft at night. The earliest model flew in December 2005. In March 2013, the project was sold to

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High-altitude, long endurance flight has been studied since at least 1983, and demonstrator programs since 1994.

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in South Australia; it should fly its 15 kg (33 lb) payload at around 70,000 ft for days or weeks.

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turboprop, it is 33 m (108 ft) wide, reached 16,329 m (53,574 ft), and can stay airborne for 13 hours.

4674: 4532: 4506: 2858: 2194:(ISIS) airship would have stayed for up to ten years at 70,000 ft (21,000 m), providing a persistent 1055: 933: 804: 487: 4178: 4003: 3549: 1977:; its takeoff weight of 7,000 lbs (3.2 tons) allowing 400 lbs (180 kg) payloads. It evolved into a twin turbo- 2092: 522:. Satellites are more expensive, take longer to deploy, and cannot be reasonably accessed for maintenance. A 4636: 4606: 4430: 3925: 3191: 2508: 2482: 2464: 2394: 2231: 812: 720: 435: 167: 85: 73: 3648: 4705: 4486: 4378: 3686: 3617: 3567: 3231: 2215: 1978: 1913: 1826: 1289: 1245: 1051: 921: 834: 439: 326: 3812: 3590: 2483:

High Altitude Long Endurance Air Vehicle Analysis of Alternatives and Technology Requirements Development

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on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth

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Preliminary reliability design of a solar-powered high-altitude very long endurance unmanned air vehicle

271: 239: 160: 105: 4103:"Flugzeug, Hubschrauber und Luftschiff in einem: Baden-Badener Konstrukteur entwickelt neues Fluggerät" 3848: 2722: 2689: 1098:

flew a 147 ft (45 m)-span solar-powered UAV to FL650 in a 15 hours test flight in July 2017.

1062:, communications and security. In March 2021, the project was ended as no strategic partner was found. 4720: 4710: 4651: 4589: 4498: 4410: 4382: 4366: 4314: 4310: 4084: 3980: 2426: 2064: 2011: 1896: 1793: 1789: 1672: 1208: 475: 320: 81: 2174: 1756: 1615: 1183:) flew 20 hours and reached an altitude of 62,500 ft (19.1 km), testing the long-distance 1127: 589:

to the 5 billion people lacking it, either with 11,000 airplane UAVs or with balloons like Google's

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first flew in June 2012. Powered by two 150 hp (110 kW) turbocharged Ford 2.3 liter

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of 57,300 ft (17,500 m) on March 5, 1999. They led to the larger, turboprop-powered

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Facebook announced it will halt the project and plan to have other companies build the drones.

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In Europe, scientists are considering HAPS to deliver high-speed connectivity to users, over

4715: 4679: 4374: 2940: 2932: 2789: 2528: 2337: 2002:, is a large turbofan-powered UAV developed since 2012 and possibly in service by 2018. The 1909: 1834: 1395: 999: 954: 929: 901: 894: 768: 748: 732: 697: 527: 519: 506:

A lower altitude covers more effectively a small region, implies a lower telecommunications

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first flew on 5 August 2010. After a crash in April 2011, the Pentagon shelved the project.

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Nobuyuki Yajima; et al. (2004). "3.7.2.3 Launching Rockets from Ballons (Rockoons)".

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service in 2001. The 131 ft (40 m) wide, 48 ft (14.5 m) long RQ-4 is powered by a single

4088: 2893:. Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS) Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS). 2288:. A 80 kW (110 hp) motor would allow a 24 m/s (47 kn) maximum speed. 421: 397:

proposed its PW-114 concept that would fly at 20 km (66,000 ft) for 40 hours.

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and wind tunnel test were up to a ceiling of 25 km (82,000 ft) and Mach 0.8.

4793: 4470: 4446: 4302: 4266: 2970: 2814: 2777: 2252: 2195: 2072: 2060: 1974: 1954: 1929: 1813: 1423: 1212: 1152: 1119: 974: 950: 945: 913: 691: 558: 283: 265: 191: 187: 183: 140: 113: 3883:(Press release). Southwest Research Institute News. 17 November 2005. Archived from 4669: 4454: 4362: 4350: 4326: 4318: 2374: 2354: 2342: 2281: 1801: 1253: 816: 724: 627: 590: 554: 483: 136: 3493:"Aurora Flight Science's long-endurance drone to make first flight in spring 2019" 3098: 2585: 2047:

and designed to fly at up to 65,000 ft (20,000 m) for up to 7 days, the

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platform would cruise at 65,000 ft (20,000 m) for 100 hours, powered by

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sailplane and designed to fly 24 hours and to reach 50,000 ft (15,240 m); and the

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More than 90% of atmospheric matter is below the high-altitude platform, reducing

3759:"Air Force Flight Test Museum taking in more NASA history with Phantom Eye, LLRV" 3269: 226:

capable of flying at 60,000 ft (18,000 m) over 32 hours, like the USAF

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to reduce the power required for the trailing aircraft by 79%, allowing smaller

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report forecast HALE UAVs maintaining air occupation with 24 hours flights. The

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The airborne Remote Sensing technical system of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

2095:, created in 2014, went public on 19 October 2020; after flight trials of a 4G/ 1804:

turbofan, first flew on 17 August 1974 and was designed to fly during 30 hours.

4646: 4621: 4478: 3744: 3530:"Meet HAPS: India's very own UAV that can fly 20 km high and float for months" 3474:"Aurora indefinitely delays first flight of Odysseus ultra-long-endurance UAV" 2944: 2100: 1900: 1773: 1647: 1156: 1155:

will design and development solar-powered UAV prototypes for $ 65 million for

986: 966: 925: 764: 491: 479: 463: 336: 31: 3831:"Aeros Completes 50 M Envelope For South Korea High-Altitude Airship Program" 3176: 2513:"Design and experimental results for a high-altitude, long-endurance airfoil" 2440: 4691: 4125:

A low cost alternative for satellites- tethered ultra-high altitude balloons

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connectivity from a fixed-wing HAPS autonomous aircraft in the stratosphere.

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can fly above 60,000 ft (18,000 m) over 32 hours, while civil HAPS are

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Designed to fly at 24,000 m (78,700 ft) and for up to 48 hours, the manned

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propelled by eight electric motors, first flew in June 1983. It joined the

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Design and experimental results for a high-altitude, long-endurance airfoil

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A high altitude platform can provide observation or communication services.

4141:"FDC/aerofilter selected by Boeing Phantom Works for the A160 Hummingbird" 4065:

Singer, Cs (June 2012). "Ultralight Solar Powered Hybrid Research Drone".

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corrosion and challenging station keeping, they can be solar-powered with

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thin air, well above the 40–160 kn (74–296 km/h) high winds and

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have been used in prototypes since 1970 and can fly for 60 hours like the

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A Preliminary Study of Solar Powered Aircraft and Associated Power Trains

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at 45,000 ft (14,000 m), the start-up is developing a hydrogen-

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II first flew on May 1, 1996, and reached 57,300 ft (17,500 m)

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forest. Two days after, it was destroyed by a fire before its recovery.

985:. Their wing, over 160 ft (50 m) wide, would be covered with 917: 710: 651: 546: 390: 356: 291: 128: 101: 4700: 3834: 3833:(Press release). Worldwide Aeros Corp. 30 August 2002. Archived from 3415:"HAPSMobile Sunglider reaches 63,000ft, demos broadband transmission" 3139: 2370: 2319: 2284:

would fill H2 and O2 tanks, to be converted back to water by a 150kW

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Capable of flying up to 60,000 ft (18,300 m) more than 34 hours, the

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that can fly for 64 days; few are as advanced as these. Conventional

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made demonstrations of long-endurance UAV craft. In September 1996,

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Design of Long Endurance Unmanned Airplanes Incorporating Solar and

4199:"High-Altitude Platforms — Present Situation and Technology Trends" 767:

first flew on 24 June 1987 and was certified in 1991. Powered by a

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stratospheric airship at an altitude of 74,000 feet (23 km).

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EAV-3 flew during 53 hours and up to 22 km (72,000 ft).

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High-altitude, long-endurance (HALE) aircraft are non-weaponized

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able to offer observation or communication services similarly to

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above 80,000 ft (24,000 m). The twin-turbofan powered

679: 332: 243: 174:. There are many solar powered, lightweight prototypes like the 37:"Atmospheric satellite" redirects here. Not to be confused with 4547: 4233: 4000:"Lockheed Martin High Altitude Airship's Maiden Voyage Aborted" 3080:"AeroVironment's Stratospheric Satellites Persistence Pays Off" 1292:

of 450 kg. Indian Navy has also shown interest in this project.

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at an altitude of 20 to 50 km above waypoints, for weeks.

4143:(Press release) – via Vertical magazine, MHM publishing. 1323: 3720:"AeroVironment teams with Lockheed Martin on Global Observer" 3356: 2307:

develops the Stratobus unmanned, solar-powered stratospheric

4157: 1953:, was designed to fly around the world. Powered by a single 727:

could fly above 70,000 ft (21,000 m) and the 1964

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Satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station

3921:"Lockheed Wins $ 149.2M Contract for High Altitude Airship" 2811:"Advantages of HAPS: (ii) Compared with Satellite Services" 2096: 1176: 1141: 88:(UAVs), they remain aloft through atmospheric lift, either 30:"Pseudo-satellite" redirects here. Not to be confused with 3434:"BAE joins high-altitude race with maiden PHASA-35 flight" 2833:"Facebook In Talks To Acquire Drone Maker Titan Aerospace" 2035:

should have reached 65,000 ft (19,800 m) during four days.

811:

sensors. A total 42 of them have been in service with the

2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 1772:

The USAF Compass Dwell UAV program saw the flight of the

1159:, a joint venture 95% funded and owned by Japanese telco 1044:

Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy

606:. HAPS could deliver bandwidth and capacity similar to a 401:

proposed its Substrata solar-powered aircraft that would

3285:"Facebook's Aquila Drone Creates a Laser-net In the Sky" 3177:"Google buys solar-powered drone maker Titan Aerospace" 3761:(Press release). Edwards Air Force Base. Aug 25, 2016. 3687:"China Flies Its Largest Ever Drone: The Divine Eagle" 977:, high-altitude atmospheric satellites similar to the 413:

to remain aloft indefinitely up to a latitude of 50°.

3251:"Cartographic Agency Shuts Down Astigan HAPS Project" 3000:(Press release). Northrop Grumman. February 28, 2018. 2826: 2824: 2778:"High-altitude platforms for wireless communications" 2412: 2410: 434:

Power is required for continuous operation, limiting

2546: 2544: 2542: 1187:

communications developed with Loon for standard LTE

4734: 4660: 4597: 4588: 4581: 4277: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3664:"Divine Eagle UAV spotted at China's Malan airbase" 2912:"NASA Recruits Unmanned Aircraft for Earth Science" 2782:

Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal

2656:"Luminati: Perpetual Solar-powered Flight Possible" 1082:, to provide internet connectivity. UAVs would use 4122:Izet-Unsalan, Kunsel; Unsalan, Deniz (June 2011). 4049:"HALE Airship - Manufacture, Flight and Operation" 3383:(Press release). Mira Aerospace. October 27, 2023. 3225: 3223: 3221: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3009: 3007: 2969: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2143:was building a stratospheric demonstrator for the 1092:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation 998:was interested in the company, led at the time by 860:prototype, a 185 kg (410 lb), 30 m (98.4 ft) wide 393:project aimed to develop HALE vehicles, while the 4415:Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station 3789: 3787: 3564:"Fact Sheet: Perseus B Remotely Piloted Aircraft" 3449: 3447: 3320:"Reviewing Aquila's first full-scale test flight" 3192:"Google Shuts Down Vern Raburn's Titan Aerospace" 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 1171:with 10 electric-driven propellers would provide 4166:"Centre for High Altitude Platform Applications" 3943:(Press release). Lockheed Martin. July 27, 2011. 3707:(Press release). AeroVironment. August 16, 2010. 3467: 3465: 2771: 2769: 2767: 1784:in April 1972, based on a piston engine-powered 783:first flew on 28 February 1998 and was put into 335:, as long endurance flight could be compared to 198:can fly even longer, a week or longer, like the 27:Aircraft that provides common satellite services 2419:"Future of unmanned capabilities: MALE vs HALE" 2155:, a part of its Stratosphere Platform Project. 1776:in February 1970, based on a turboprop-powered 676:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 638:; and is able to transmit its data in realtime. 565:for a fraction of the cost. Other uses include 4204:Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 3641:"Aurora Claims Endurance Record For Orion UAS" 3566:. NASA Armstrong. Feb 28, 2014. Archived from 3396:"The Week In Technology, April 29-May 3, 2019" 3339:"High altitude connectivity: The next chapter" 2831:Perez, Sarah; Constine, Josh (March 4, 2014). 2805: 2803: 4559: 4245: 3512:"Anatomy Of Aurora Flight Sciences' Odysseus" 3136:"First flight of Astrium's Zephyr solar HAPS" 2719:"NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Helios Prototype" 2572: 2570: 2369:over a large area. One prior project was the 1233:completed its maiden flight partnership with 8: 4179:"Mobile Telecommunications via Stratosphere" 4067:Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration 3863:"Expectations soar for our huge new airship" 3610:"Fact Sheet: Proteus High-Altitude Aircraft" 2813:. SkyLARC Technologies. 2001. Archived from 2584:(Report). The U.S. Air-force. Archived from 2577:B.W. Carmichael; et al. (August 1996). 2481:C.L. Nickol; et al. (January 1, 2007). 989:to provide energy for day flight, stored in 630:for surveillance and security. It carries a 518:), a lower power consumption, and a smaller 274:(RR). HAPS can also be the abbreviation for 4019:"Lockheed Martin's prototype airship burns" 2441:"Terminology and technical characteristics" 2239:600 mi (970 km) diameter of land. 1986:landing with enough fuel for 37 hours more. 1792:first flight on 28 July 1973: powered by a 4772: 4594: 4585: 4566: 4552: 4544: 4423:Standard frequency and time signal station 4252: 4238: 4230: 3232:"The Week In Technology, Feb. 18-22, 2019" 1991:Shenyang Aircraft Corporation Divine Eagle 1295: 705:have been proposed for launching to orbit. 4805:High-altitude and long endurance aircraft 4078: 4047:John Pattinson, Lindstrand Technologies. 2721:. NASA. February 28, 2014. Archived from 2249:High Altitude Long Endurance-Demonstrator 1252:in November 2018. The 74.1m (243ft) wide 545:Atmospheric satellites could be used for 498:ending at 60,000 ft (18,000 m). 3685:Jeffrey Lin; P.W. Singer (Feb 6, 2015). 2972:2081: a hopeful view of the human future 2463:D.W. Hall; et al. (December 1983). 2214:The United States Department of Defense 1118:A joint venture between Abu Dhabi-based 670:For environment and weather monitoring, 2895:The Joint Center for Remote Sensing of 2690:"The drone that may never have to land" 2470:(Report). NASA Langley Research Centre. 2406: 2377:, which envisioned using helium-filled 2202:at up to 600 km (320 nmi) or 1207:, the 35 m (115 ft)-wingspan 1002:founder Vern Raburn, for $ 60 million. 534:Further information on Satellites: 3035:. Faircount Media Group. Sep 13, 2013. 2874:"RQ-4A Global Hawk (Tier II+ HAE UAV)" 1895:I & II were civil variants of the 1074:UAV was a carbon fiber, solar-powered 438:by the need for refueling. Persistent 376:Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office 339:spacecraft. In 1984 was published the 108:. High-altitude long endurance (HALE) 3306:"Aviation Investigation - DCA16CA197" 3270:"Facebook's drones - made in Britain" 260:International Telecommunication Union 255:High-altitude platform station (HAPS) 7: 3645:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3516:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3400:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3255:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3236:Aviation Week & Space Technology 3084:Aviation Week & Space Technology 2876:. Federation of American Scientists. 2608:"HALE UAV for intelligence missions" 2206:at up to 300 km (160 nmi). 1846:. A larger follow-on powered by two 1714:goal: 70,000 ft (21,000 m) 1525:goal: 67,000 ft (20,000 m) 815:. It is the basis for the US Navy's 667:Weather and environmental monitoring 4265: 4139:FDC/aerofilter (October 28, 2005). 3718:Stephen Trimble (7 February 2014). 3454:Swift Engineering (July 20, 2020). 3142:. 25 September 2013. Archived from 2776:T. C. Tozer; D. Grace (June 2001). 2162:On December 4, 2005, a team led by 1769:USAF Compass Dwell and Compass Cope 1279:Chitradurga Aeronautical Test Range 1229:'s Swift Ultra Long Endurance 1167:, the 256 ft (78 m) span 382:detailed the design of a HALE UAV. 219:High-altitude long endurance (HALE) 3867:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3662:Sean O'Connor (14 November 2018). 3608:Yvonne Gibbs, ed. (Aug 7, 2017) . 3589:Yvonne Gibbs, ed. (Aug 7, 2017) . 3283:Perry, Tekla S. (April 13, 2016). 3268:Rory Cellan-Jones (21 July 2016). 3048:"The Prehistory of Endurance UAVs" 2149:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2145:Korea Aerospace Research Institute 1028:Korea Aerospace Research Institute 957:over 117 h 52 min on 28 June 2015. 482:is found in most locations in the 446:daylight energy for the night, in 389:was published. The European Union 351:report proposed applications as a 25: 4195:Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço 3432:Dan Thisdell (17 February 2020). 3212:"Electrical Aerial Vehicle (EAV)" 3190:Stephen Pope (January 19, 2017). 2553:"The NASA ERAST HALE UAV Program" 2365:. A GBS could be used to provide 1899:750 (which also spawned the USAF 1122:AI and American UAV manufacturer 781:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk 776:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk 686:UAVs to study Earth's atmosphere. 624:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk 172:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk 4771: 4527: 4518: 4517: 4260: 4213:"High Altitude Platform Systems" 4017:Jim Mackinnon (August 2, 2011). 3794:Peter Lobner (9 January 2023) , 3772:Tim Robinson (23 October 2020). 3550:"Condor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle" 3157:Sampson, Ben (15 October 2021). 2688:Dillow, Clay (August 23, 2013). 2228:Ballistic Missile Defense System 1203:Designed by Prismatic Ltd., now 234:. This is above and longer than 4726:Vehicular communication systems 4459:Instrument landing system (ILS) 4407:Radio direction-finding station 4269:and systems in accordance with 4029:from the original on 2016-04-08 3974:Jim Mackinnon (July 27, 2011). 3851:. Aviation Today. 1 April 2004. 3639:Graham Warwick (Jan 22, 2015). 3510:Graham Warwick (Nov 22, 2018). 3413:Garrett Reim (8 October 2020). 3394:Graham Warwick (Apr 29, 2019). 3249:Tony Osborne (March 30, 2021). 3163:Aerospace Testing International 3097:Amos, Jonathan (24 June 2003). 3078:Graham Warwick (Jan 12, 2018). 2351:geostationary balloon satellite 2333:Geostationary balloon satellite 1867:turboprop as the gas generator. 920:, a commercial offshoot of the 646:An area could be monitored for 236:Medium-Altitude, Long-Endurance 4810:Radio stations and systems ITU 4391:Radionavigation mobile station 4359:On-board communication station 4307:High altitude platform station 4197:); et al. (8 June 2016). 4111:(in German). 11 February 2021. 2628:Z. Goraj; et al. (2004). 2417:Pomerleau, Mark (2015-05-27). 2192:Integrated Sensor Is Structure 2187:Integrated Sensor Is Structure 2180:Integrated Sensor Is Structure 1636:54,744 ft (16,686 m) 1578:65,000 ft (20,000 m) 1440:76,100 ft (23,200 m) 1412:96,863 ft (29,524 m) 1385:80,201 ft (24,445 m) 1360:71,530 ft (21,800 m) 610:wireless access network, like 276:high-altitude pseudo-satellite 66:high-altitude platform systems 62:high-altitude pseudo-satellite 54:high-altitude platform station 18:High altitude platform station 1: 3955:"High Altitude Airship (HAA)" 3899:"High Altitude Airship (HAA)" 3849:"Airships: Making a Comeback" 3230:Tony Osborne (Feb 18, 2019). 2872:John Pike; Steven Aftergood. 2654:Mark Huber (August 2, 2018). 2505:Pennsylvania State University 2049:AeroVironment Global Observer 2040:AeroVironment Global Observer 2000:Shenyang Aircraft Corporation 1662:62,500 ft (19.1 km) 1370:AeroVironment Pathfinder plus 979:AeroVironment Global Observer 807:(SAR), and high and low band 619:Surveillance and intelligence 200:AeroVironment Global Observer 4439:Ship's emergency transmitter 4399:Radiolocation mobile station 4395:Radionavigation land station 4108:Badische Neueste Nachrichten 3796:"5.6 Stratospheric airships" 3491:Garrett Reim (14 Nov 2018). 3337:Maguire, Yael (2018-06-27). 3116:Craig Hoyle (11 July 2006). 3099:"Strato-plane looks forward" 2551:Greg Goebel (1 March 2010). 2164:Southwest Research Institute 2081:Air Force Flight Test Museum 1967:Aurora Flight Sciences Orion 1962:Aurora Flight Sciences Orion 916:were originally designed by 4749:Automated vacuum collection 4193:Flavio Araripe d'Oliveira ( 2643:. Vol. 52, no. 3. 2107:-powered HAPS UAV built by 1942:Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer 1496:72,000 ft (22 km) 1406:2,048 lb (929 kg) 598:Radiocommunication services 329:and Associated Power Trains 4836: 4435:Experimental radio station 4403:Radiolocation land station 4387:Radiodetermination station 4371:Aeronautical earth station 3778:Royal Aeronautical Society 3046:Greg Goebel (1 Feb 2022). 2968:Gerard K. O'Neill (1981). 2639:Polish Academy of Sciences 2330: 2151:shown its test airship in 1829:for what would become the 1822:Aurora Perseus and Theseus 1552:2,150 ft (660 m) 1382:150 lb (67,5 kg) 1215:in February 2020 from the 1042:(OS), a subsidiary of the 924:. The UAVs are powered by 832: 708: 604:areas of up to 400 km 533: 510:(a 34 dB advantage over a 395:Polish Academy of Sciences 380:Israel Aircraft Industries 288:Radiocommunication service 281: 36: 29: 4767: 4513: 4339:Land mobile earth station 3668:IHS Jane's Defence Weekly 3616:Armstrong. Archived from 2945:10.1007/978-0-387-09727-5 2939:. Springer. p. 162. 2367:broadband Internet access 1926:Scaled Composites Proteus 1921:Scaled Composites Proteus 1817:fly for more than a week. 1782:Martin Marietta Model 845 1739:9,800 ft (3 km) 1683:330 lb (150 kg) 1633:7.9 lb (3.6 kg) 1600:255 lb (116 kg) 1547:935 lb (424 kg) 1519:330 lb (149 kg) 1409:726 lb (329 kg) 1379:700 lb (315 kg) 1354:560 lb (252 kg) 230:or its variants used for 4800:Unmanned aerial vehicles 4675:Alternative fuel vehicle 4507:Emergency locator beacon 4004:Lighter-Than-Air Society 3813:"Stratospheric Airships" 3800:Modern Airships – Part 1 3472:Pat Host (9 July 2019). 1891:, the high-altitude UAV 1711:15 lb (6.8 kg) 1708:180 lb (82 kg) 1491:146 lb (66 kg) 1468:520 ft (160 m) 1434:165 lb (75 kg) 1357:100 lb (45 kg) 1149:AeroVironment HAPSMobile 1056:environmental monitoring 934:Airbus Defence and Space 805:synthetic aperture radar 583:agricultural observation 503:Comparison to satellites 488:commercial air transport 161:agricultural observation 86:unmanned aerial vehicles 4637:Pulse detonation engine 4607:Adaptive compliant wing 4431:Radio astronomy station 2851:"High Altitude Airship" 2752:"HALE UAVs Come of Age" 2395:Boeing A160 Hummingbird 2390:Boeing A160 Hummingbird 2301:Thales Alenia Stratobus 2269:Lindstrand Technologies 2265:Lindstrand HALE airship 2247:On July 27, 2011, the " 2232:orbital station keeping 2093:Stratospheric Platforms 2088:Stratospheric Platforms 1734:51 lb (23 kg) 1686:33 lb (15 kg) 1680:115 ft (35 m) 1655:256 ft (78 m) 1630:95 lb (43 kg) 1571:147 ft (45 m) 1544:132 ft (40 m) 1522:55 lb (25 kg) 1516:125 ft (38 m) 1465:70 lb (30 kg) 1460:160 ft (50 m) 1403:247 ft (75 m) 813:United States Air Force 721:Reconnaissance aircraft 526:in the vacuum of space 462:Drag is reduced in the 325:A Preliminary Study of 168:reconnaissance aircraft 4820:Airship configurations 4706:Personal rapid transit 4627:High-altitude platform 4379:Aircraft earth station 4299:Survival craft station 3926:Defense Industry Daily 3591:"Fact Sheet: Altus II" 2976:. Simon and Schuster. 2527:Association: 148–153. 2379:high-altitude balloons 2346: 2297: 2244:Lockheed-Martin HALE-D 2216:Missile Defense Agency 2183: 2122:Stratospheric airships 2036: 1914:General Atomics Altair 1880: 1827:Aurora Flight Sciences 1765: 1731:39 ft (12 m) 1705:72 ft (22 m) 1698:Swift Engineering SULE 1627:46 ft (14 m) 1597:82 ft (25 m) 1488:66 ft (20 m) 1437:11 lb (5 kg) 1431:82 ft (25 m) 1268:is being developed by 1246:Aurora Flight Sciences 1222:Swift Engineering SULE 1163:. Resembling the 1999 1115:Mira Aerospace ApusDuo 1019: 962:Titan Aerospace Solara 922:UK Ministry of Defence 885: 846: 835:Solar-powered aircraft 756: 672:high-altitude balloons 440:solar-powered aircraft 427: 327:solar powered aircraft 316: 60:, which can also mean 49: 4575:Emerging technologies 4271:ITU Radio Regulations 4188:. Entico Corporation. 3179:. BBC. 14 April 2014. 3033:Defense Media Network 3017:. USAF. October 2014. 2794:10.1049/ecej:20010303 2449:ITU Radio Regulations 2340: 2295: 2236:surveillance aircraft 2224:High-Altitude Airship 2222:to build an unmanned 2177: 2026: 1893:General Atomics ALTUS 1884:General Atomics ALTUS 1877:General Atomics Altus 1874: 1759: 1351:98.4 ft (29.5 m) 1013: 973:was developing large 881: 842: 746: 709:Further information: 587:internet connectivity 424: 359:monitoring or cruise 347:report. In 1989, the 310: 272:ITU Radio Regulations 240:anti-aircraft defense 82:artificial satellites 70:atmospheric satellite 47: 4721:Transit Elevated Bus 4652:Supersonic transport 4499:Multi-satellite link 4455:Radar beacon (racon) 4411:Radio beacon station 4383:Broadcasting station 4367:Aeronautical station 4315:Mobile earth station 4023:Akron Beacon Journal 3981:Akron Beacon Journal 2887:Tong Qingxi (1990). 2641:, Technical Sciences 2606:) (September 1996). 2427:Government Executive 2065:Boeing Phantom Works 2059:An evolution of the 1794:General Electric J97 1790:Boeing YQM-94 B-Gull 1689:goal: 70,000 ft 1673:BAE Systems PHASA-35 1446:2024 planned intro. 1376:121 ft (36.3 m) 1209:BAE Systems PHASA-35 1200:BAE Systems PHASA-35 844:NASA Pathfinder Plus 723:like the late 1950s 643:Real-time monitoring 4744:Pneumatic transport 4687:Ground-effect train 4612:Backpack helicopter 4347:Coast earth station 4335:Land mobile station 4287:Terrestrial station 4224:Towers in the Skies 4177:R. Struzak (2004). 4089:2012LPICo1679.4059S 3869:. December 3, 2004. 3819:. 15 February 2023. 3620:on February 4, 2023 3343:Engineering at Meta 3326:. 16 December 2016. 3324:Engineering at Meta 3118:"Energetic Qinetiq" 2920:. January 17, 2009. 2725:on January 18, 2017 2517:Journal of Aircraft 2511:) (February 1989). 2353:(GBS) flies in the 2305:Thales Alenia Space 2211:Lockheed-Martin HAA 1965:The initial Boeing/ 1875:The piston-powered 1298: 1297:Solar-powered HAPS 1084:Laser communication 965:Founded in 2012 in 660:disaster management 626:UAV is used by the 585:. They could bring 4355:Ship earth station 4331:Base earth station 4323:Land earth station 4170:University of York 3960:GlobalSecurity.org 3535:The Indian Express 3015:"RQ-4 Global Hawk" 2347: 2298: 2184: 2126:ultraviolet damage 2075:running on liquid 2069:Boeing Phantom Eye 2056:Boeing Phantom Eye 2037: 2033:Boeing Phantom Eye 1932:turbofans, it had 1889:NASA ERAST Program 1881: 1831:NASA ERAST Program 1798:Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern 1786:Schweizer SGS 1-34 1778:Schweizer SGS 2-32 1766: 1762:Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern 1752:Hydrocarbon fueled 1605:goal: stratosphere 1558:2018 project halt 1415:goal: > 1-00:00 1296: 1217:Woomera Test Range 1193:wireless broadband 1038:UK mapping agency 1020: 991:electric batteries 886: 866:NASA ERAST Program 847: 757: 682:has started using 459:Altitude selection 448:electric batteries 428: 399:Luminati Aerospace 368:NASA ERAST Program 317: 50: 4787: 4786: 4763: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4541: 4540: 4491:Satellite network 4222:. February 2022. 3361:miraaerospace.com 3138:(Press release). 2983:978-0-671-24257-2 2954:978-0-387-09725-1 2602:S. Tsach et al. ( 2296:Stratobus airship 2277:non-rigid airship 2109:Scaled Composites 1951:Scaled Composites 1800:was powered by a 1749: 1748: 1745:subscale testing 1724:HAL CATS Infinity 1531:2021 project end 1262:HAL CATS Infinity 1227:Swift Engineering 760:Grob G 520 Egrett 579:disaster response 549:monitoring, as a 361:missile targeting 308: 196:Hydrogen aircraft 157:disaster response 131:monitoring, as a 68:), also known as 39:Weather satellite 16:(Redirected from 4827: 4775: 4774: 4716:Self-driving car 4680:Hydrogen vehicle 4595: 4586: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4545: 4531: 4521: 4520: 4487:Satellite system 4375:Aircraft station 4282: 4264: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4231: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4189: 4183: 4173: 4161: 4145: 4144: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4082: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4006:. July 27, 2011. 3996: 3990: 3989: 3984:. Archived from 3971: 3965: 3964: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3905:. Archived from 3895: 3889: 3888: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3741: 3728: 3727: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3670:. Archived from 3659: 3653: 3652: 3647:. Archived from 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3570:on March 9, 2023 3560: 3554: 3553: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3458:(Press release). 3451: 3442: 3441: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3367: 3357:"Mira Aerospace" 3353: 3347: 3346: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3227: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3075: 3056: 3055: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2975: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2938: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2857:. Archived from 2847: 2841: 2840: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2773: 2762: 2761: 2748: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2698: 2697: 2685: 2664: 2663: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2637:Bulletin of the 2634: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2612: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2583: 2574: 2565: 2564: 2559:. Archived from 2548: 2537: 2536: 2507:); D.M. Somers ( 2500: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2445: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2414: 2204:enemy combatants 1910:density altitude 1837:is powered by a 1835:pusher propeller 1299: 1103:Lavochkin LA-252 1000:Eclipse Aviation 955:Kalaeloa, Hawaii 902:Helios Prototype 895:Helios Prototype 789:Rolls-Royce F137 769:Honeywell TPE331 755:service in 2001. 749:RQ-4 Global Hawk 733:Myasishchev M-55 698:atmospheric drag 636:infrared imagers 605: 561:like an orbital 520:round-trip delay 496:Class A airspace 490:. Flying in the 403:fly in formation 309: 250:or its variants. 228:RQ-4 Global Hawk 76:, high altitude 21: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4755: 4730: 4656: 4577: 4572: 4542: 4537: 4509: 4475:Radio altimeter 4451:Secondary radar 4427:Amateur station 4280: 4278: 4273: 4258: 4215: 4211: 4192: 4181: 4176: 4164: 4158:"HAPS Alliance" 4156: 4153: 4151:Further reading 4148: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4016: 4015: 4011: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3929:. Jan 16, 2006. 3919: 3918: 3914: 3903:Lockheed Martin 3897: 3896: 3892: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3731: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3691:Popular Science 3684: 3683: 3679: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3471: 3470: 3463: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3229: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3197:Flying magazine 3189: 3188: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3077: 3076: 3059: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2855:Lockheed Martin 2849: 2848: 2844: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2775: 2774: 2765: 2760:. Feb 20, 2007. 2750: 2749: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2701: 2687: 2686: 2667: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2610: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2581: 2579:Strikestar 2025 2576: 2575: 2568: 2550: 2549: 2540: 2533:10.2514/3.45736 2503:M.D. Maughmer ( 2502: 2501: 2497: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2404: 2387: 2335: 2329: 2258:Pittsburgh area 2220:Lockheed Martin 2200:cruise missiles 2159:SwRI HiSentinel 2153:Taiki, Hokkaido 2141:Worldwide Aeros 2136:for the night. 2118: 2045:liquid hydrogen 2021: 2019:Hydrogen fueled 2010:aircraft has a 1971:liquid hydrogen 1754: 1608:goal: 100-00:00 1537:Facebook Aquila 1474:2017 shut down 1452:Titan Aerospace 1321: 1242:Aurora Odysseus 1195:communications. 1072:Facebook Aquila 1067:Facebook Aquila 1040:Ordnance Survey 971:Titan Aerospace 871:Pathfinder Plus 852:NASA Pathfinder 837: 831: 826: 797:electro-optical 741: 718: 713: 634:, optical, and 603: 571:maritime patrol 567:border security 543: 538: 419: 405:like migratory 372:Strikestar 2025 301: 299: 294: 258:defined by the 224:military drones 216: 176:NASA Pathfinder 149:maritime patrol 145:border security 110:military drones 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4792: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4740: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4617:Delivery drone 4614: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4525: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4495:Satellite link 4493: | 4467:ILS glide path 4397: | 4311:Mobile station 4285: 4283: 4275: 4274: 4267:Radio stations 4259: 4257: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4209: 4190: 4174: 4162: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4131: 4114: 4094: 4057: 4039: 4009: 3991: 3988:on 2013-04-11. 3966: 3946: 3932: 3912: 3909:on 2010-11-14. 3890: 3887:on 2006-08-19. 3872: 3854: 3840: 3837:on 2008-11-21. 3822: 3804: 3783: 3764: 3750: 3729: 3710: 3696: 3677: 3674:on 2018-11-18. 3654: 3651:on 2015-01-22. 3631: 3600: 3595:NASA Armstrong 3581: 3555: 3541: 3521: 3502: 3483: 3461: 3443: 3424: 3405: 3386: 3372: 3348: 3329: 3311: 3297: 3275: 3260: 3241: 3217: 3203: 3182: 3168: 3149: 3146:on 2013-10-05. 3127: 3108: 3089: 3057: 3052:airvectors.net 3038: 3020: 3003: 2989: 2982: 2960: 2953: 2923: 2903: 2879: 2864: 2861:on 2013-01-26. 2842: 2820: 2817:on 2006-11-01. 2799: 2788:(3): 127–137. 2763: 2757:Defense Update 2736: 2699: 2665: 2646: 2620: 2594: 2591:on 2015-12-10. 2566: 2563:on 2011-06-29. 2557:vectorsite.net 2538: 2495: 2473: 2455: 2432: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2331:Main article: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2302: 2290: 2289: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2226:(HAA) for its 2212: 2208: 2207: 2188: 2172: 2171: 2160: 2134:energy storage 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2073:piston engines 2057: 2053: 2052: 2041: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2015: 1998:, produced by 1992: 1988: 1987: 1975:piston engines 1963: 1959: 1958: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1885: 1869: 1868: 1861:Grob Strato 2C 1857: 1856:Grob Strato 2C 1853: 1852: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1770: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646:AeroVironment 1643: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1616:Mira Aerospace 1612: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1528:goal: 90-00:00 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1394:AeroVironment 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1342:AeroVironment 1339: 1338: 1335: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1285: 1283: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1248:announced its 1243: 1239: 1238: 1223: 1220: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1128:Mira Aerospace 1116: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1008: 1007: 983:QinetiQ Zephyr 963: 959: 958: 942: 938: 937: 910: 906: 905: 897: 891:NASA Centurion 889:AeroVironment/ 883:NASA Centurion 876: 875: 854: 850:AeroVironment/ 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 795:and can carry 777: 773: 772: 761: 740: 737: 717: 714: 707: 706: 694: 688: 687: 668: 664: 663: 656:remote sensing 644: 640: 639: 620: 616: 615: 600: 542: 539: 532: 531: 504: 500: 499: 460: 456: 455: 432: 418: 415: 298: 295: 280: 279: 256: 252: 251: 220: 215: 212: 188:aviation fuels 114:radio stations 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4832: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4780: 4779: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4524: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: | 4504: 4501: | 4500: 4497: | 4496: 4492: 4489: | 4488: 4485: | 4484: 4481: | 4480: 4477: | 4476: 4473: | 4472: 4471:Marker beacon 4469: | 4468: 4465: | 4464: 4463:ILS localizer 4461: | 4460: 4457: | 4456: 4453: | 4452: 4449: | 4448: 4447:Primary radar 4445: | 4444: 4441: | 4440: 4437: | 4436: 4433: | 4432: 4429: | 4428: 4425: | 4424: 4421: | 4420: 4417: | 4416: 4413: | 4412: 4409: | 4408: 4405: | 4404: 4401: | 4400: 4396: 4393: | 4392: 4389: | 4388: 4385: | 4384: 4381: | 4380: 4377: | 4376: 4373: | 4372: 4369: | 4368: 4365: | 4364: 4361: | 4360: 4357: | 4356: 4353: | 4352: 4349: | 4348: 4345: | 4344: 4343:Coast station 4341: | 4340: 4337: | 4336: 4333: | 4332: 4329: | 4328: 4325: | 4324: 4321: | 4320: 4317: | 4316: 4313: | 4312: 4309: | 4308: 4305: | 4304: 4303:Fixed station 4301: | 4300: 4297: | 4296: 4295:Space station 4293: | 4292: 4291:Earth station 4289: | 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4135: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4118: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4058: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3745:"Phantom Eye" 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3635: 3632: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3538:. 2024-02-10. 3537: 3536: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2964: 2961: 2956: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2936: 2927: 2924: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2694:Fortune (CNN) 2691: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2631: 2624: 2621: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2595: 2587: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2477: 2474: 2466: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196:early warning 2193: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063:developed by 2062: 2061:Boeing Condor 2058: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1955:Williams FJ44 1952: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930:Williams FJ44 1927: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1814:Boeing Condor 1811: 1809:Boeing Condor 1808: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1751: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1424:Airbus Zephyr 1422: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:CATS Infinity 1264: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1213:maiden flight 1210: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:AeroVironment 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975:solar-powered 972: 968: 964: 961: 960: 956: 952: 951:Nagoya, Japan 947: 946:Solar Impulse 943: 941:Solar Impulse 940: 939: 935: 931: 928:, recharging 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 909:Airbus Zephyr 908: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 887: 884: 880: 872: 867: 863: 859: 855: 853: 849: 848: 845: 841: 836: 829:Solar powered 828: 823: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 775: 774: 770: 766: 762: 759: 758: 754: 751:was put into 750: 745: 738: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 715: 712: 704: 699: 695: 693: 692:Rocket launch 690: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 666: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 642: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 618: 617: 613: 609: 601: 599: 596: 595: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559:earth imaging 556: 552: 548: 540: 537: 529: 525: 521: 517: 514:, 66 dB over 513: 509: 505: 502: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 458: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 430: 429: 423: 416: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 344: 338: 334: 330: 328: 322: 314: 296: 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