54:
which is more similar to how celluloid works. The field rate of analog television and video systems was typically 50 or 60 fields per second. Usage of frame rates higher than 24 fps for feature motion pictures and higher than 30 fps for other applications are emerging trends. Filmmakers
80:
recording, 24 fps became the industry standard frame rate for capture and projection of motion pictures. 24 fps was chosen because it was the minimum frame rate that would produce adequate sound quality. This was done because film was expensive, and using the lowest possible frame rate
331:
Filmmakers may originate their projects at 120, 240 or 300 fps so that it may be evenly pulled down to various multiple differing frame rates for distribution, such as 25, 30, 50, and 60 fps for video and 24, 48 or 60 fps for cinematic theater. The same is also done when creating
323:
of the picture, creating new computer generated frames between each two key frames and running them at higher refresh rate. Similar computer programs allow for that as well but with higher precision and better quality as the computing power of the PC has grown, either realtime or
318:
Some media players are capable of showing arbitrarily high framerates and almost all computers and smart devices can handle such formats as well. In recent years some televisions have the ability to take normal 24 fps videos and "upconvert" them to HFR content by
153:
has published a document outlining recommended practice for high frame rate digital cinema. This document outlines the frame rates and resolutions that can be used in high frame rate digital theatrical presentations with currently available equipment.
75:
used 16 fps. This had to do with a combination of the use of a hand crank rather than a motor, which created variable frame rates because of the inconsistency of the cranking of the film through the camera. After the introduction of
157:
In the case of cinema shot on film, as opposed to (whether analog or digital) video, HFR offers an additional benefit beyond temporal smoothness and motion blur. Especially for stationary subject matter, when shot with sufficiently
233:
trilogy, which used 48 frames per second, the picture shot and projected selected scenes in 120 frames per second, which is five times faster than the 24 frames per second standard used in
Hollywood. Lee's 2019
307:. ~50 or ~60 frames per second have been universal in television and video equipment, broadcast, and storage standards since their inception. Support for native 120 fps content is a primary feature of new
42:
The frame rate for motion picture film cameras was typically 24 frames per second (fps) with multiple flashes on each frame during projection to prevent flicker. Analog television and video employed
50:) was recorded and played back/refreshed at once but at twice the rate of what would be allowed for progressive video of the same bandwidth, resulting in smoother playback, as opposed to
291:
released on
December 16, 2022 with a dynamic frame rate. Some scenes are displayed up to 48 fps, while others are displayed in a more traditional, slower rate.
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Usually, cameras (including those in mobile phones) historically had two ways of encoding high framerate (or slow motion) video into the video file: the
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132:, was shot and projected at 48 fps. IMAX HD has also been used in film-based theme park attractions, including Disney's
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may capture their projects in a high frame rate so that it can be evenly converted to multiple lower rates for distribution.
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in
December 2012, used a shooting and projection frame rate of 48 frames per second, becoming the first feature film with a
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A few film formats have experimented with frame rates higher than the 24 fps standard. The original 3-strip
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216:, followed suit. All films also have versions which are converted and projected at 24 fps.
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614:"Showeast 2012: Major Exhibitors Sign for High Frame-Rate 'Hobbit' Despite Format Challenges"
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the image's spatial resolution beyond the minimum fineness of individual grains when viewed.
406:
144:
108:
51:
43:
724:"'Avatar: The Way of Water' Footage Debuts in 3D High Frame Rate at D23 to Mixed Results"
472:
451:
567:"After 3D, here is the future of film | Roger Ebert's Journal | Roger Ebert"
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Even when shot on film, frame rates higher than 24 fps and 30 fps are quite common in
839:
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642:"Ang Lee to Unveil 'Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk' in 120 Frames-Per-Second 4K 3D"
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167:
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333:
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47:
696:"James Cameron 'Fully Intends' to Make 'Avatar 2 and 3' at Higher Frame Rates"
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In early 2022, Cameron announced that HFR conversions for his previous films,
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159:
140:
92:
77:
64:
36:
799:"James Cameron thinks his Avatar sequel cracks high frame rate technology"
670:"Gemini Man to Premiere in 120 fps High Frame Rate at TCL Chinese Theatre"
312:
304:
112:
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119:
89:
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Other filmmakers who intend to use the high frame rate format include
24:
20:
428:"The history of frame rates; why speeds vary | Vanilla Video"
336:
sequences and is sometimes referred to as "overcranking."
777:"AVATAR AND TITANIC TO BE REMASTERED WITH TRUECUT MOTION"
240:
was also shot and distributed in 120 frames per second.
88:
features of the 1950s ran at 26 fps. The first two
592:"High Frame Rates Digital Cinema Recommended Practice"
516:"The NFB and World Fairs, pt. 4: Seville and Expo 92"
147:
at 48 fps, but was never commercially deployed.
750:"Andy Serkis to Direct Adaptation of 'Animal Farm'"
71:'s early films were shot at 40 fps, while the
348:Slow motion § Video file recording methods
107:(1956) were shot and projected at 30 fps.
63:In early cinema history, there was no standard
16:Higher frame rates than typical prior practice
8:
494:"Showscan: The Best 70mm I have ever seen"
166:in each frame at higher rates effectively
403:"Silent Films: What Was the Right Speed?"
213:The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
162:, the physically random repositioning of
46:where only half of the image (known as a
394:
748:Carolyn Giardina (October 19, 2012).
612:Carolyn Giardina (November 7, 2012).
115:film format operated at 60 fps.
7:
569:. Blogs.suntimes.com. Archived from
545:"IMAX Corporation – Company History"
81:would use the least amount of film.
19:In motion picture technology—either
694:Carolyn Giardina (March 30, 2011).
668:Boxoffice Staff (October 3, 2019).
207:The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
180:List of films with high frame rates
722:Taylor, Drew (10 September 2022).
14:
514:St-Pierre, Marc (July 23, 2010).
197:The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
861:Ultra-high-definition television
309:Ultra-high-definition television
59:History of frame rates in cinema
640:Adam Chitwood (March 7, 2016).
226:Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk
1:
524:National Film Board of Canada
39:than typical prior practice.
823:"Intro to Slow Motion Video"
342:Video file recording methods
851:Motion picture film formats
779:. PR Newswire. 19 July 2022
565:Ebert, Roger (2013-10-30).
473:"The Todd-AO / 70mm Wing 1"
204:to do so. Its 2013 sequel,
104:Around the World in 80 Days
887:
345:
177:
174:Usage in the film industry
151:Digital Cinema Initiatives
496:. In70mm.com. 2011-06-26
321:interpolating the motion
288:Avatar: The Way of Water
134:Soarin' Over California
755:The Hollywood Reporter
701:The Hollywood Reporter
619:The Hollywood Reporter
856:Television technology
547:. Fundinguniverse.com
384:Variable refresh rate
283:, were in the works.
258:in his adaptation of
379:Motion interpolation
871:Video game hardware
829:. October 11, 2019.
803:uk.movies.yahoo.com
475:. Widescreen Museum
454:. Widescreen Museum
452:"The Cinerama Wing"
35:) refers to higher
311:standards such as
305:in-game cinematics
295:Out of the cinema
210:and 2014 sequel,
194:, beginning with
52:progressive video
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405:. Archived from
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355:real-time method
130:Seville Expo '92
109:Douglas Trumbull
73:Lumière Brothers
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128:, presented at
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29:high frame rate
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346:Main article:
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143:48 format ran
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866:Video formats
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573:on 2013-04-06
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361:menial method
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260:George Orwell
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245:James Cameron
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185:Peter Jackson
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139:The proposed
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69:Thomas Edison
67:established.
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38:
34:
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22:
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806:. Retrieved
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781:. Retrieved
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759:. Retrieved
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743:
731:. Retrieved
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705:. Retrieved
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689:
677:. Retrieved
674:boxofficepro
673:
663:
651:. Retrieved
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623:. Retrieved
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596:. Retrieved
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575:. Retrieved
571:the original
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549:. Retrieved
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527:. Retrieved
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498:. Retrieved
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477:. Retrieved
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456:. Retrieved
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435:. Retrieved
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411:. Retrieved
407:the original
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18:
827:RED Support
761:November 8,
728:thewrap.com
707:November 8,
679:October 12,
653:January 19,
625:November 8,
520:NFB.ca Blog
374:High-motion
334:slow motion
265:Animal Farm
256:Andy Serkis
192:film series
168:oversamples
164:film grains
101:(1955) and
78:synch sound
48:video field
44:interlacing
37:frame rates
846:Home video
840:Categories
808:2022-12-16
598:2013-11-04
577:2013-11-04
551:2010-07-03
500:2013-11-04
479:2013-11-04
458:2013-11-04
437:2017-04-19
413:2013-11-04
390:References
237:Gemini Man
231:The Hobbit
190:The Hobbit
178:See also:
160:fast stock
145:35 mm film
141:Maxivision
95:features,
65:frame rate
783:21 August
733:7 October
229:. Unlike
223:released
219:In 2016,
111:'s 70 mm
98:Oklahoma!
647:Collider
529:June 12,
368:See also
358:and the
313:ATSC 3.0
301:TV drama
125:Momentum
113:Showscan
86:Cinerama
326:offline
280:Titanic
252:sequels
247:in his
221:Ang Lee
120:IMAX HD
90:Todd-AO
274:Avatar
250:Avatar
122:film
93:70 mm
25:video
785:2022
763:2012
735:2022
709:2012
681:2019
655:2019
627:2012
531:2012
303:and
277:and
254:and
118:The
21:film
315:.
262:'s
187:'s
33:HFR
23:or
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31:(
27:—
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