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385:, focused on high society. The exhibition became a place for people to see Who's Who in New York City high society and focused more on the names of the people in the portraits rather than the quality of the portraits. The art community changed its focus to portraiture and became a tight-knit circle of patrons (who were, more often than not, also subjects), artists, and critics.
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315:. The cost of the party is estimated by some to be in the hundreds of millions. Kings, Queens, Emperors, Empresses, Princes, Princesses, Dukes, Duchess, aristocrats, Presidents, Prime Ministers and all other important people from around the world attended, in one of the biggest gatherings of foreign royalty ever.
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In most French cities the very rich, often holding an old aristocratic title, maintained an elaborate high society well into the 20th century. Hiring ten to twenty servants demonstrated the taste for conspicuous consumption. The richest households in Paris typically employed 30 servants. After 1945
349:
Art in this time was almost exclusively linked to the possession of money. The art of high society focused greatly on absorbing cultures from around the world, and referencing great architecture from the past, and commissioning artists that were from Europe. The culture was to possess knowledge and
323:
High society is less visible in the 21st century—privacy is much more valued, and the very expensive housing is not as conspicuous to ordinary pedestrians as the famous old mansions. There are far fewer servants, but much more attention to security. Remote ski resorts in places like Vail and Aspen
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Members of high society depend greatly on the people and social circles they are surrounded by. In many cases an elite member can confirm status by hiring servants, people who remove a mundane task from everyday life, or can patronize artists and performers, whose talent and skills are at their
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Social groups play the most important role in establishing members of high society. Members of high society usually must attend social gatherings throughout the year while also putting together social gatherings in their own homes. The sociological distinction is the use of
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Portrait painters were in high demand in London. Meanwhile, the smaller corps of
American artists shifted their focus from painting the great landscapes of America to making portraits of great Americans. However art historians generally ignored the society artists such as
102:, built great mansions and sponsored highly publicized parties. The media lavished attention on them, especially when newspapers devoted whole sections to weddings, funerals, parties and other events sponsored by the local high society. In major cities, a
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Acquiring rare and valuable items was another way of high society representing its prestige. Art was also a way of representing taste level and someone's ability to commission the right artist or chose the best piece to have installed in their homes.
304:(the 80s it-girl known as "Princess TNT" and the "punk princess"), threw the ultimate 60th birthday party for her husband (who was the grandson of the pretender to the throne of Portugal) in 1986, attended by various royals and aristocrats.
420:. These massive homes were visible in dense cities like New York, they sprinkled main avenues that belonged to the wealth or middle class and stayed clear of the poor areas that were dense and littered with filth and the poor working class.
331:
The wealthy take philanthropy and adapt it into an entire way of life that serves as a vehicle for the social and cultural life of their class. This is reflected in the widespread popularity of educational and cultural causes among
151:. The new rich typically build a lavish opera house in the mining town, but then moved to a major city, especially Denver or San Francisco, where their wealth could be more suitably displayed and enjoyed. Given conventional
424:
played a large role in giving many members of high society what they were looking for: homes that represented their cosmopolitan outlook and outshine all that was around it. For more on the homes of this time era see
324:
are especially popular with high society. However, the rise of social media services such as
Instagram and Facebook has given a new outlet to practices of conspicuous consumption that characterize the upper class.
412:(1853–1906) was the most influential architect for high society. High society was also immortalized through the building of mansions glittered in decadence and detail that were reminiscent of the
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until 1958. These debutantes (usually aged 17-21) were required to be sponsored by former debutantes, and thus tended to be members of high society. The Season includes events such as the
446:
in order to attend or be invited to certain events. Members of high society tend to be aware of the connections that should be made in order to move up the social ladder.
162:
in 1884, affluent New
Yorkers discovered the advantages of apartment living, where a full-time staff handled the upkeep and maintenance, as well as security.
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Portraiture became the most common art in order for people in high society to record and have evidence of their accomplishment and valuable possessions.
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that were dominant in society, the men attended to business affairs, while women generally took charge of comings and goings and doings in high society.
393:
341:
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1091:
Ellenberger, Nancy W. "The
Transformation of London 'Society' at the End of Victoria's Reign: Evidence from the Court Presentation Records."
1066:
743:
668:
596:
Nancy W. Ellenberger, "The
Transformation of London 'Society' at the End of Victoria's Reign: Evidence from the Court Presentation Records."
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New York's
Fabulous Luxury Apartments: With Original Floor Plans from the Dakota, River House, Olympic Tower and Other Great Buildings
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was published that listed the names and addresses of people who properly belonged. Informal identifiers appeared, such as the
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Macknight, Elizabeth C. (2008). "A 'theatre of rule'? Domestic service in aristocratic households under the Third
Republic".
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were open to men based on assessments of their ranking and role within high society. In
American high society, the
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Gold and silver mining, in the mid 19th century brought enormous wealth overnight to certain small towns such as
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the supply of servants dried up and there was a move to smaller inner city apartments in elite neighborhoods.
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The term became common in the late 19th century, especially when the newly rich arrived in key cities such as
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Mrs. William Astor painted by
Carolus-Duran in 1890, presented at the 1894 Great Portrait Exhibition
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was traditionally a key resource for identifying qualified members. For a global perspective, see
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In
Pursuit of Privilege: A History of New York City's Upper Class and the Making of a Metropolis
933:
Living it Up in Aspen: Post-war America, Ski Town Culture, and the New Western Dream, 1945--1975
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Philanthropy is a high-prestige activity in high society. Sociologist Francie Ostrower states:
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are young female members of high society being officially presented for the first time, at
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Newport Historical Society Staff, "The Business Of Leisure: The Gilded Age In Newport,"
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Meaghan Clarke, "(Re) Viewing Whistler and Sargent: portraiture at the fin-de-siècle."
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Brahmin Capitalism: Frontiers of Wealth and Populism in America's First Gilded Age
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and royals. The group was known for their infamous treasure hunts around London.
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947:"The Influence of Social Media Intensity and EWOM on Conspicuous Consumption"
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Barbara J. Black, "The Pleasure of Your Company in Late‐Victorian Clubland."
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The 20th century saw some of the most lavish high society parties, including
158:
Starting with the Stuyvesant luxury apartment house that opened in 1869, and
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Christophe Charle, "Noblesse et élites en France au début du XXe siècle."
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ballroom could supposedly accommodate, although the actual number was 273.
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785:"Society Swans: Scenes From the 60th Annual International Debutante Ball"
402:
1114:
The Iron Barons: A Social Analysis of an American Urban Elite, 1874-1965
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398:
241:. In the 1920s ("The Roaring Twenties"), the infamous group known as
201:(or "Corrupt Coterie") emerged in high society. Its members included
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artifacts from other cultures or at least replicated it very well.
392:
372:
36:
1143:
Noel, Thomas J. "Colorado's Rush to Culture A Gold Rush Legacy."
828:
Thomas J. Noel, "Colorado's Rush to Culture A Gold Rush Legacy."
132:. An example of a high society debutante ball is the prestigious
1109:(Columbia University Press, 2017). xx, 488 pp. covers 1760-1970.
311:
threw the most expensive party ever thrown to commemorate the
27:
People with the highest levels of wealth and social status
296:'s 40th birthday bash in 1972, whilst she was married to
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Why the Wealthy Give: The Culture of Elite Philanthropy
209:, who became a Conservative politician and a diplomat;
377:"Portrait of Lady Helen Vincent" by J.S. Sargent, 1904
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Gilded Mansions: Grand Architecture and High Society
637:
Gilded Mansions: Grand Architecture and High Society
871:(1987) covers 75 famous buildings starting in 1869.
114:'s late 19th-century term for the number of people
1100:High Society: The History of America's Upper Class
1008:High Society. American Portraits of the Gilded Age
578:High Society: The History of America's Upper Class
1032:RACAR: revue d'art canadienne/Canadian Art Review
292:attended by all of New York's elite. Another was
110:in mid-19th century New York City, or "the 400,"
1010:. Bucerius Kunst Forum. Distributed by Merrell.
648:Mooney, James E. "Astor Caroline (Webster)" in
624:High Society Dinners: Dining in Tsarist Russia.
1121:High Society Dinners: Dining in Tsarist Russia
1043:Franz Schulze, "J. S. Sargent, Partly Great."
808:"What It Takes to Be a High-Society Debutante"
8:
695:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
401:architect and artist with his siblings in
59:. It includes their related affiliations,
951:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
917:Publications de l'École française de Rome
367:(1856–1925) until the late 20th century.
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1128:Classes and Cultures: England 1918-1951
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397:Marius af Schultén (on the right), a
265:, the Curzon sisters, members of the
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313:Persian Empire's 2500th anniversary
302:Princess Gloria von Thurn and Taxis
288:'s Black and White Ball in 1966, a
178:continued to be held annually with
1059:The Sociology of Elite Distinction
116:Mrs. William Backhouse Astor, Jr's
25:
783:Litovsky, Dina (7 January 2015).
731:The Encyclopedia of New York City
656:The Encyclopedia of New York City
197:In the 1910s, the group known as
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953:. Vol. 148. pp. 7–15.
498:
484:
470:
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259:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
182:being presented to court at the
1185:Stereotypes of the upper class
1006:Gallat, Barbara Dayer (2008).
945:Amonrat Thoumrungroje (2014).
723:Mooney, James E. "Society" in
1:
1137:(Harvard UP, 2017); 304 pp.
44:and her guests, drawing, 1902
959:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.009
559:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
519:International Debutante Ball
213:, son of the Prime Minister
194:, operas and flower shows.
134:International Debutante Ball
1200:High society (social class)
1057:Daloz, Jean-Pascal (2010).
787:. The Cut/New York Magazine
734:(2nd ed.). New Haven:
659:(2nd ed.). New Haven:
611:Nineteenth‐Century Contexts
427:List of Gilded Age mansions
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381:New York City started its
309:Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
245:emerged, and included the
29:
1061:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
972:Francie Ostrower (1997).
760:Columbia, David Patrick.
383:Great Portrait Exhibition
225:, a managing director of
267:Spencer-Churchill family
176:the London Social Season
1180:19th-century neologisms
919:107#1 (1988): 407-433.
700:Oxford University Press
263:Princess Nina of Russia
243:The Bright Young Things
217:and a famed barrister;
63:and practices. Upscale
1095:22.04 (1990): 633-653.
845:(1989) 62#3 pp 97-126.
762:"Women of Distinction"
600:22.04 (1990): 633-653.
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233:& Billy Grenfell,
184:Queen Charlotte's Ball
145:Central City, Colorado
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736:Yale University Press
661:Yale University Press
613:32#4 (2010): 281-304.
396:
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174:In the 20th century,
138:Waldorf Astoria Hotel
100:Newport, Rhode Island
40:
1166:at Wikimedia Commons
1047:(1980) 68#2 pp 90-96
931:Edward Duke Richey,
854:Stephen Birmingham,
277:, and various other
223:Patrick Shaw-Stewart
30:For other uses, see
18:High society (group)
1147:49#2 (2010): 41-49.
1145:Journal of the West
832:49#2 (2010): 41-49.
830:Journal of the West
726:Jackson, Kenneth T.
651:Jackson, Kenneth T.
580:. Assouline, 2008.
422:Richard Morris Hunt
365:John Singer Sargent
149:Leadville, Colorado
51:, sometimes simply
856:Life at the Dakota
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203:Lady Diana Manners
140:in New York City.
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1162:Media related to
1068:978-0-230-24683-6
895:10.1093/fh/crn028
745:978-0-300-11465-2
686:Burrows, Edwin G.
670:978-0-300-11465-2
549:Society reporting
253:, members of the
249:, members of the
16:(Redirected from
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692:(1999).
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403:Helsinki
1102:(2008).
1088:(2009).
935:(2006).
639:(2009).
399:Finnish
332:donors.
136:at the
81:History
53:Society
1123:(2014)
1116:(1978)
1093:Albion
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858:(1979)
764:. NYSD
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231:Julian
98:, and
96:Boston
1063:ISBN
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980:ISBN
899:PMID
816:2017
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