614:), more comfortable referring to us as having "disorders" than associating with a label supported by homosexuals and transsexuals, I do not believe adopting a pathologizing label to distance ourselves from these groups is a solution, to say the least.... I know that it would have harmed my self-esteem to be raised under a term which named my difference a 'disorder.' Even complete ignorance about what to call myself was preferable as I was able to form positive beliefs about my unique qualities.
645:, Switzerland, where they lobbied against adopting regulations which require intersex female athletes to undergo medically unnecessary medical procedures in order to compete as women, and against athletes being referred to as individuals with "disorders of sex development". As a result of Viloria's advocacy, the IOC and IAAF discontinued its use of "disorders of sex development" to describe the athletes in question, and replaced it with "women with hyperandrogenism".
125:
602:". Viloria is among a handful of American intersex activists who opposed the use of the term "Disorders of Sex Development" since its introduction. In 2007, they publicly critiqued the label and the homophobic and transphobic reasoning behind the replacement of 'intersex' with DSD. They also argued that being raised to define oneself as disordered is psychologically harmful to intersex youth:
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739:(OII), the first international intersex organization, was appointed Human Rights Spokesperson, and began lobbying against discriminatory regulations for intersex women athletes. In spring 2011, Viloria was voted Chairperson of OII, upon founder Curtis Hinkle's retirement. Viloria stepped down in November 2017, when Intersex Campaign for Equality left OII.
816:
In
September 2015, the UN's Free & Equal Campaign for Equality produced a video of Viloria in conjunction with the release of their groundbreaking resource the Intersex Fact Sheet, and in 2016 Viloria was one of the "Intersex Voices" featured in the Free and Equal Campaign for Equality's Intersex
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With the advent of a new German law assigning visibly intersex infants to an 'indeterminate' gender, Viloria has argued that this approach to birth registrations fails to provide adequate human rights for intersex people, and fails to address the most critical need: for an end to normalizing surgical
809:, Viloria likened society's lack of understanding of non-binary people, and the pressure non-binary people experience to identify as men or women, to what people of mixed African-American and Caucasian race sometimes experience, saying, "Society pressures you to choose sides, just like they pressure
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In the fall of 2011, Viloria founded the
Intersex Campaign for Equality, to work for equality and human rights for intersex Americans. Their first action, in December 2011, was contacting former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to request inclusion of intersex people in human rights protocols and
676:
that the issues for intersex athletes remain unresolved: "Many athletes have medical differences that give them a competitive edge but are not asked to have medical interventions to 'remove' the advantage.... The real issue is not fairness, but that certain athletes are not accepted as real women
539:
Viloria has been advocating publicly against the use of medically unnecessary cosmetic surgeries and hormone therapy on intersex infants and minors, also known as intersex genital mutilation, since 1997, reaching audiences of over one hundred million via appearances in various documentaries about
535:
In 1996, Viloria participated in the first international intersex retreat. They reported that, eager to meet people like themself, instead they "met people who'd been traumatized and physically damaged by cosmetic genital surgeries and hormone treatments they'd been subjected to in infancy and
357:(Jessica Kingsley Publishers - Hatchette UK, February, 2020). Their essays on issues such as intersex genital mutilation, discrimination against intersex women in sports, sexuality, legal gender recognition, and gender identity, have been published in venues such as
662:'s long-standing mandatory chromosome testing policies, which critiqued the IOC's proposed regulations for women with high levels of naturally occurring testosterone (aka hyperandrogenism). Upon the release of the IOC's final regulations for intersex women with
298:, using they/them pronouns. They are known for their writing, their intersex and non-binary human rights activism, and as one of the first people to come out in national and international media as a nonbinary intersex person. Viloria is Founding Director of the
1372:
In April 2013, Viloria's intersex advocacy organization was selected as a finalist for the
Kalamazoo College Global Prize for Collaborative Social Justice, administered by Kalamazoo College's Arcus Center for Social Justice Leadership. Viloria's memoir
518:
podcast in
December 2021, Viloria said, "The reason I did my memoir is because I felt like there's a story that we don't hear enough of about intersex people, which is that it's amazing and wonderful to be intersex. That's literally my experience."
768:
In 2016, Viloria became a board member of
Genital Autonomy America (GA America), an advocacy organization working with groups worldwide who are seeking to end non-therapeutic genital cutting of all female, male, and intersex infants and children.
637:(OII), they authored a petition to the International Olympic Committee demanding that intersex women athletes to be allowed to compete as is, and be de-pathologized. The action resulted in Viloria being invited to participate in the
633:, who was rumored to be intersex, Viloria lobbied as an independent intersex activist for equal rights for intersex female athletes on television and in print on CNN.com. In February 2010, then as Human Rights Spokesperson of the
497:
saying: "Intelligent and courageous, chronicles one intersex person's path to wholeness, but it also affirms the right of all intersex and non-binary people to receive dignity and respect". In May 2017,
2491:
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684:, 2013, Viloria became the first openly intersex person to speak at the U.N., by invitation, at the event "Sport Comes Out Against Homophobia", along with fellow "out" pioneers, tennis legend
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protections. In early 2012, they received a response from the U.S. Department of State in early 2012 affirming the importance of including the intersex community in human rights work.
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In 2012, Viloria spearheaded the first unified, global call for human rights by and for intersex people, in a letter signed by thirty leading intersex advocacy organizations, to the
2038:
318:
and a greatly enlarged clitoris as a result. Their father, a physician, and mother, an ex-school teacher, chose to register and raise them as female without subjecting them to
2492:"OII receives reply from US Department of State to OII Chairperson Hida Viloria's letter asking for intersex inclusion in LGBTI – not LGBT-only – global human rights efforts"
2201:
Patricia
Viloria, Hida (2012). "Reexamining Rationales of "Fairness": An Athlete and Insider's Perspective on the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes".
1242:
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Viloria has argued since 2009 that
Olympic sex testing is applied in a way that targets 'butch,' or masculine-looking, women. In 2012, Viloria co-authored an article in the
853:
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510:, saying: "Viloria does us the even greater service (it's more of a gift, really) of showing us what it means to live not just as both a man and a woman but also as a
709:. They also wrote about the interphobia and common misunderstandings around naturally occurring testosterone which drive sporting regulations for intersex women, in
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Between 2010 and 2017 Viloria published numerous essays speaking out against nonconsensual medically unnecessary surgeries in publications including CNN.com,
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1082:(July 2012). "Reexamining Rationales of "Fairness": An Athlete and Insider's Perspective on the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes".
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326:. Their father felt that a surgery to reduce the size of their clitoris was medically unnecessary and therefore presented unjustifiable health risks.
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2518:"Open Letter to the UN OHCHR: 1st global call for human rights by & for intersex people! – Intersex Campaign for Equality"
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In April 2017, Viloria became the second
American recipient of an intersex birth certificate, issued by the city of New York.
337:
and graduated in 1998 with an interdisciplinary studies degree in Gender and
Sexuality with high honors and high distinction.
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1911:"Inside Edition Gets It Right and Presents Out, Unashamed Intersexed People: Their Words, Their Lives and No Disguises"
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people to decide, you know... 'Are you really black? Are you really white?'" Viloria went on to say "I have both ".
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In 2014, Viloria advocated against the IOC and IAAF's regulations for women with hyperandrogenism on a panel on the
1997:
765:, the most widely agreed upon statement of human rights' demands by the international intersex advocacy community.
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In 2006, the international medical establishment replaced the terms "hermaphrodite" and "intersex" with the term "
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In 2002, Viloria spoke about feeling blessed they did not experience forced infant genital surgeries on
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1600:
1514:"Lambda Legal Urges Tenth Circuit to Uphold Ruling in Favor of Intersex Vet Seeking Accurate Passport"
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on the need to ban medically unnecessary cosmetic genital surgeries on intersex infants and children.
2783:
1772:
820:
Viloria has also advocated against intersex genital mutilation via essays, and in their 2017 memoir,
410:
Viloria is recognized as a leading human rights activist for intersex and was president elect of the
350:
314:, New York, to recently immigrated Colombian and Venezuelan parents. Viloria was born with a form of
854:"Stop trying to make Caster Semenya fit a narrow idea of womanhood. It's unscientific and unethical"
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1020:"Promoting Health and Social Progress by Accepting and Depathologizing Benign Intersex Traits"
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282:(born May 29, 1968) is an American writer, author, producer, and human rights activist of
1936:
322:, which were generally recommended at the time as corrective procedures for infants with
2124:"OII's Petition to the IOC: Depathologization & Fair Policies for Intersex Athletes"
1700:"Our Founding E.D. Reflects on Intersex Pride on Oprah – Intersex Campaign for Equality"
2478:"New Mission and Independent Status for IC4E as Viloria resigns from post as OII Chair"
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It may require cleanup to comply with
Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
1542:
2777:
1964:"Cosmetic Genital Surgery/Sex Re-assignment of Intersex Babies is wrong: Case Closed"
693:
353:, March, 2017), and co-author, with biologic sciences scholar Maria Nieto, Ph.D., of
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or has been extensively edited by the subject or by someone connected to the subject
888:"Doctors Resort to Nonsensical Reasoning to Justify Surgeries on Intersex Children"
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Later, s/he used the pronouns “s/he” and “he/r” to reflect he/r intersex identity.
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1324:"X Marks Evolution: The Benefits of the 'Indeterminate Sex' Passport Designator"
1300:"Clinton's Pronouncements Against Female Genital Mutilation Don't Go Far Enough"
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1148:"Caught in the Gender Binary Blindspot: Intersex Erasure in Cisgender Rhetoric"
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2451:"NYC Issues Second Intersex Birth Certificate! Intersex Campaign for Equality"
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2318:"At UN human rights event, Navratilova and Collins decry homophobic violence"
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While some doctors and parents are, according to supporters of the term like
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in Middletown, Connecticut, from 1986 to 1988. They later transferred to the
2424:
1061:
The Human Agenda: Conversations about Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
753:
In 2013, Viloria served as one of three intersex co-organizers of the Third
2631:
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1111:
1043:
872:"An Intersex Revolutionary General May Have Saved George Washington's Life"
1825:"LGBTQ&A: Hida Viloria: Born Both, An Intersex Life on Apple Podcasts"
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1881:"Gender Rules in Sport – Leveling The Playing Field, Or Reversed Doping?"
1648:
Born Both An Intersex Life by Hida Viloria LAMBDA LITERARY AWARD FINALIST
839:, revered as the father of the American Cavalry, may have been intersex.
642:
562:, and at the UN Headquarters in New York City for Human Rights Day 2013.
287:
1601:"Dispelling The Myths: My Experience Growing Up Intersex and Au Naturel"
629:
In 2009, in response to the treatment of black South African track star
1340:"Gender Rules in Sport: Leveling the Playing Field or Reversed Doping?"
404:
480:
Viloria used female pronouns earlier in her life and activist career.
1800:"New in Memoir: The Intersex Body, the Dead Body, the Body in Grief"
2577:"What Does It Mean To Be Intersex? United Nations Free & Equal"
641:'s October 2010 meeting of experts on intersex women in sports, in
2758:
758:
422:
1848:
1464:
1414:"Intersex Activist and Writer Hida Viloria on Being 'Born Both'"
1243:"U.S. Ban on Female Genital Mutilation Mired in Racism and Fear"
590:
examines and critiques intersex genital mutilation extensively.
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
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355:
The Spectrum of Sex: The Science of Male, Female, and Intersex
118:
59:
18:
610:(co-author of the DSD Guidelines and founder and director of
666:
in 2012, they collaborated on an opinion piece with scholar
418:(formerly OII-USA) and have worked as a consultant with the
2246:"Olympics' New Hormone Regulations: Judged By How You Look"
1381:
magazine's "The Best New Books" list in April 2017, one of
1059:
Viloria, Hida (2015). "Hida Viloria". In Wenke, Joe (ed.).
514:
that eventually emerges as the right one." Speaking on the
2551:"E.D. Hida Viloria in the Groundbreaking GENDERNAUTS]"
1937:"Controversy Over Operating to Change Ambiguous Genitalia"
625:
Addressing discrimination against intersex women in sports
536:
childhood, and it moved to become an intersex activist."
329:
Viloria attended Catholic schools in Queens, New York and
2753:
556:, in Spanish on the Emmy nominated Spanish language show
414:
from 2011 to 2017. They are the founding director of the
2425:"Germany Intersex;Pakistan Taliban leader reported dead"
2710:"Born Both Selected as one of People's Best New Books!"
531:
Opposing nonconsensual medically unnecessary surgeries
133:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
724:
and hormonal interventions on infants and children.
83:
It may need editing to conform to Knowledge (XXG)'s
2476:Intersex Campaign for Equality (November 8, 2017).
1990:"San Francisco Human Rights Commission on Intersex"
1267:"Olympics' New Regulations: Judged by How You Look"
920:"Fear of Flying—or at Least the TSA—While Intersex"
835:", which explores compelling evidence that General
493:In January 2017, Kirkus reviewed Viloria's memoir,
267:
247:
237:
215:
196:
2244:Viloria, Hida; Davis, Georgiann (July 30, 2012).
2177:"Is sex testing in the Olympics a fool's errand?"
1749:"Commentary: My life as a 'Mighty Hermaphrodite'"
1619:"Commentary: My life as a 'Mighty Hermaphrodite'"
1543:"Meet The Team – Intersex Campaign for Equality"
1388:s Top Ten Adult Books for Teens, and was a 2018
87:policy. There may be relevant discussion on the
2343:"No Games for Women with Too Much Testosterone"
1225:"Your Beautiful Child: Information for Parents"
604:
2400:"Germany's Third Gender Law Fails on Equality"
2039:"Hida Viloria Tells Us What She Really Thinks"
2020:"Hida Viloria Tells Us What She Really Thinks"
1874:
1872:
1870:
1724:"Hida Viloria Tells Us What She Really Thinks"
1180:"Germany's Third Gender Law Fails on Equality"
658:, the athlete responsible for overturning the
731:National and global affiliations and activism
8:
2659:"Remember: Sex Positive = Intersex Positive"
904:"Remember: Sex Positive = Intersex Positive"
2374:"Stop Freaking Out About Intersex Athletes"
1640:
1638:
1132:"Stop Freaking Out About Intersex Athletes"
980:"Why We Must Dismantle the Intersex Closet"
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2092:
2090:
204:
193:
2531:3rd International Intersex Forum in Malta
1212:"Intersex, the Final Coming-Out Frontier"
1164:"What's In a Name: Intersex and Identity"
993:"What's In A Name: Intersex and Identity"
182:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:Learn how and when to remove this message
107:Learn how and when to remove this message
2814:LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
785:, in the award-winning 1999 documentary
427:United Nations Free & Equal Campaign
1568:
1566:
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594:Opposing "disorders of sex development"
2269:Viloria, Hida. Letters to the Editor.
1994:Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria (GLHV)
1681:
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1407:
1405:
963:
953:
565:In 2004, Viloria testified before the
2684:"Why We Must Protect Intersex Babies"
2099:"My Life as a 'Mighty Hermaphrodite'"
1196:"Why We Must Protect Intersex Babies"
567:San Francisco Human Rights Commission
540:intersex people, including the first
7:
2804:Intersex rights in the United States
2372:Viloria, Hida (September 18, 2014).
2316:United Nations (December 10, 2013).
2287:"Sport Comes Out Against Homophobia"
2285:United Nations (December 10, 2013).
2149:Epstein, David (September 7, 2009).
2097:Viloria, Hida (September 18, 2009).
2068:Viloria, Hida (September 16, 2009).
1855:. Ponsonby Productions Limited. 2012
1599:Viloria, Hida (September 27, 2011).
1574:"Hida on Oprah: Growing Up Intersex"
1537:
1535:
1377:was selected as one of six books in
827:In 2019 Viloria was featured in the
2349:. September 3, 2014. Archived from
1356:"My Life as a Mighty Hermaphrodite"
1342:. The Global Herald. Archived from
1302:. The Global Herald. Archived from
1245:. The Global Herald. Archived from
761:, which led to the creation of the
737:Organisation Intersex International
735:In spring 2010, Viloria joined the
635:Organisation Intersex International
412:Organisation Intersex International
345:Viloria is author of the acclaimed
2632:"Intersex Awareness Mini-Campaign"
1988:Patel, Sunil (November 25, 2005).
335:University of California, Berkeley
242:University of California, Berkeley
14:
2714:Hida Viloria, Author and Activist
2203:The American Journal of Bioethics
1915:Intersex Society of North America
1265:; Viloria, Hida (July 30, 2012).
1084:The American Journal of Bioethics
396:The American Journal of Bioethics
34:This article has multiple issues.
1962:Viloria, Hida (September 2013).
1879:Viloria, Hida (April 11, 2010).
1412:Pham, Larissa (March 20, 2017).
995:. In Schneiderman, Jason (ed.).
654:, with intersex Spanish hurdler
144:. Please discuss further on the
123:
64:
23:
2657:Viloria, Hida (April 7, 2017).
2636:United Nations Free & Equal
2610:United Nations Free & Equal
2398:Viloria, Hida (November 2013).
1440:"Born Both: Intersex and Happy"
1392:nominee for LGBTQ non-fiction.
639:International Olympic Committee
324:disorders of sexual development
42:or discuss these issues on the
2769:Intersex Campaign for Equality
2555:Intersex Campaign for Equality
2496:Intersex Campaign for Equality
2455:Intersex Campaign for Equality
2128:Intersex Campaign for Equality
1645:Viloria, Hida (27 June 2017).
1518:Intersex Campaign for Equality
1230:Intersex Campaign for Equality
1223:Viloria, Hida (May 16, 2013).
1024:Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics
677:because of their appearance."
583:Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics
416:Intersex Campaign for Equality
316:congenital adrenal hyperplasia
300:Intersex Campaign for Equality
1:
2175:Bardin, Jon (July 30, 2012).
1798:Daum, Meghan (May 24, 2017).
651:American Journal of Bioethics
260:intersex genderqueer activist
16:American activist (born 1968)
2215:10.1080/15265161.2012.680543
2151:"Well, Is She Or Isn't She?"
1438:Gore, Ariel (May 24, 2017).
1096:10.1080/15265161.2012.680543
755:International Intersex Forum
600:disorders of sex development
544:, and most notably on ABC's
2834:American non-binary writers
2764:Born Both: An Intersex Life
2540:, ILGA-Europe, 22 July 2013
2045:. SF Weekly. Archived from
1485:"Hida Viloria Bibliography"
1375:Born Both: An Intersex Life
1080:MartĂnez-Patiño, Maria JosĂ©
997:Queer: A Reader for Writers
822:Born Both: An Intersex Life
588:Born Both: An Intersex Life
488:Born Both: An Intersex Life
347:Born Both: An Intersex Life
272:Born Both: An Intersex Life
2850:
2794:Intersex non-binary people
777:Viloria spoke about being
656:Maria JosĂ© MartĂnez-Patiño
2809:American intersex writers
2799:Intersex rights activists
2581:UN Human Rights (Youtube)
523:was nominated for a 2018
203:
1704:www.intersexequality.com
1547:www.intersexequality.com
1078:Viloria, Hida Patricia;
306:Early life and education
2429:BBC World Have Your Say
1001:Oxford University Press
833:The General Was Female?
527:for LGBTQ non-fiction.
475:The General Was Female?
2759:Hida Viloria's Twitter
2735:"The Best New Books".
2070:"Hermaphrodite Runner"
1465:"About – Hida Viloria"
1384:School Library Journal
1354:(September 18, 2009).
1328:Hastings Center Report
1194:(September 27, 2013).
1130:(September 18, 2014).
1018:Viloria, Hida (2015).
991:Viloria, Hida (2016).
806:The Oprah Winfrey Show
622:
553:The Oprah Winfrey Show
448:The Oprah Winfrey Show
445:. They've appeared on
2603:"Intersex Fact Sheet"
1390:Lambda Literary Award
1298:(February 23, 2012).
1241:(February 13, 2013).
1036:10.1353/nib.2015.0042
978:(February 16, 2017).
843:Selected bibliography
757:in November 2013, in
542:Hermaphrodites Speak!
525:Lambda Literary Award
142:neutral point of view
85:neutral point of view
2819:Non-binary activists
2690:. September 27, 2013
1322:(December 7, 2011).
1178:(November 6, 2013).
1063:. Trans Uber Books.
817:Awareness Campaign.
578:The Huffingtion Post
351:Hatchette Book Group
310:Viloria was born in
2829:Genderfluid writers
2612:. September 4, 2015
2583:. September 4, 2015
2498:. February 23, 2012
2353:on 15 February 2019
2130:. February 25, 2010
1917:. 11 September 1998
1146:(August 18, 2014).
859:The Washington Post
829:Smithsonian Channel
719:Birth registrations
686:Martina Navratilova
360:The Washington Post
331:Wesleyan University
286:origin. Viloria is
232:New York City, U.S.
2824:Genderfluid people
2638:. October 26, 2016
2536:2013-12-26 at the
2272:The New York Times
2026:, October 10, 2007
1804:The New York Times
1651:. Hachette Books.
1520:. 24 February 2020
1338:(April 11, 2011).
1306:on August 25, 2017
1287:The New York Times
1249:on August 25, 2017
918:(March 18, 2017).
673:The New York Times
508:The New York Times
439:Williams Institute
435:Human Rights Watch
390:The New York Times
2181:Los Angeles Times
2049:on August 3, 2016
1968:Hida Viloria Blog
1885:The Global Herald
1779:. January 4, 2017
1730:. 10 October 2007
1368:Honors and awards
1280:(June 24, 2012).
1210:(June 13, 2013).
902:(April 7, 2017).
886:(July 28, 2017).
870:(April 8, 2019).
763:Malta declaration
320:genital surgeries
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137:with its subject.
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2739:. April 3, 2017.
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2716:. March 24, 2017
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2293:. Archived from
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2275:(June 23, 2012).
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1996:. Archived from
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1943:. April 19, 2002
1933:
1927:
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1887:. Archived from
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1853:Intersexion Film
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1363:
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1346:on May 14, 2013.
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1263:Davis, Georgiann
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1162:(May 14, 2014).
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2457:. June 21, 2017
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1494:. July 25, 2017
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77:autobiography
73:This article
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21:
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2736:
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2718:. Retrieved
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2692:. Retrieved
2688:The Advocate
2687:
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2666:. Retrieved
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2495:
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2454:
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2431:. 1 Nov 2013
2428:
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2407:. Retrieved
2404:The Advocate
2403:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2378:The Advocate
2377:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:the original
2346:
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2321:
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2295:the original
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2250:Ms. Magazine
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2209:(7): 17–19.
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2047:the original
2043:sfweekly.com
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2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1993:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:
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1945:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1914:
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1893:. Retrieved
1889:the original
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1852:
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1828:
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1807:. Retrieved
1803:
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1752:
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1582:. Retrieved
1577:
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1492:Hida Viloria
1491:
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1447:. Retrieved
1443:
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1304:the original
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1247:the original
1238:
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1207:
1200:The Advocate
1191:
1184:The Advocate
1175:
1168:The Advocate
1159:
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1143:
1136:The Advocate
1127:
1090:(7): 17–19.
1087:
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984:The Advocate
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803:In 2007, on
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