98:. They also had at least two sons. In 1483 Münzer fled from the plague to Italy, bought numerous books in Rome, Naples and Milan, and returned home the following year. In 1484 he also travelled to the Netherlands. In 1494/95 he undertook a longer journey around Western Europe. Münzer died on 27 August 1508 in Nuremberg, and was buried there in the church of St. Sebald. He left behind an enormous fortune, much of which came from his partnership in the trading business of his brother Ludwig (owner of Gwiggen Castle in 1507).
134:
of
Hartmann Schedel (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 431, fol. 96-274v.). The report has been widely used by historians in the countries he visited, and the whole was published in an English translation, with full critical notes, in 2014. An annotated new edition of the Latin text exists, as
126:
and across the
Pyrenees. They travelled through eastern and southern Spain into Portugal, back into Spain, and then into France again, then northwards through France and Belgium to Cologne, and down the Rhine and Main back to Nuremberg. Münzer's report of this trip is written in Latin, with the title
125:
In 1494, again escaping the plague, he undertook a long journey with three younger companions from
Nuremberg and Augsburg. They travelled from Nuremberg, largely on horseback, possibly for some 7,000 miles in all through Germany and Switzerland, down the Rhône to Provence, Languedoc and Roussillon,
93:
As a participant in the trading company of his brother Ludwig (died 1518) he was a rich man, using his money to establish amongst other things a comprehensive library. In 1480 he acquired
Nuremberg citizenship and 3 July married Dorothea Kieffhaber (died 1505). Their daughter Dorothea married Dr.
338:. Its troublesome citizens rebelled against their lord, an authoritarian bishop, in 1468 and were savagely repressed by the Duke of Burgundy's troops, who sacked the city: the city recovered despite the Duke's ill will. Münzer went on through
365:
was ruled by its archbishop, an elector of the Empire. The archbishop of Mainz was also an elector. Münzer did not mention the war in 1462 between the citizens and the archbishop, who repressed them savagely. He visited
182:. Granada was the chief object of Münzer's tour and he met there both the royal governor, a distinguished diplomat and soldier, and the saintly new archbishop. He rode through
162:, a great Cistercian one; and Scala Dei, a small new Franciscan one. Valencia was flourishing and numbers of Muslims lived in the area; south of Valencia there was good water.
268:, far the largest northern city, kept him for several days: as well as its churches, their relics and treasures, he commented on the famous university, its colleges and the
70:
there and held private lectures. In addition, he also studied medicine, and after a short spell teaching at the Latin school in
Feldkirch in 1476, he continued studying in
284:
on the coast, and on the pirates in the
English Channel and North Sea who caused him to abandon his planned visit to England. Along the Somme he visited well-defended
382:, where he met the aged bishop Rudolf, who had rescued the diocese from insolvency, and then home to Nuremberg, where he found his family well. He died in
357:
Münzer is less informative about the German lands than about the
Iberian and French. He passed through Aachen, where emperors had been crowned ever since
272:’s library; on the part of the city where lawyers, merchants and artisans lived and the Parlement was located; and on how the enormous city was fed. The
142:
Münzer commented on numbers of great churches and monasteries, their relics, and often their clergy. The places about which he tells us much include
395:
Itinerarium siue peregrinatio excellentissimi viri artium ac vtriusque medicine doctoris
Hieronimi Monetarii de Feltkirchen ciuis Nurembergensis
128:
Itinerarium siue peregrinatio excellentissimi viri artium ac vtriusque medicine doctoris
Hieronimi Monetarii de Feltkirchen ciuis Nurembergensis
114:
of 1493, including the first printed map of
Germany, which appeared in two-sided form. In 1493, his close contacts with the Nuremberg merchant
524:
486:
456:
264:
also had a university, which lawyers preferred to Paris as its degrees were just as good and cheaper; trade along the Loire was important.
330:, which he visited next, was where the ducal family resided: there was sumptuous linen in the main church and a famous, large convent of
473:
Die iberische Halbinsel aus der Sicht eines humanistischen Nürnberger Gelehrten. Hieronymus Münzer, Itinerarium Hispanicum (1494–1495)
371:
307:
136:
119:
74:, becoming doctor of medicine there in 1477. He settled that year as a doctor in Nuremberg. Here in 1479 he wrote his work
405:, Vol. VI (1939) as ‘Le voyage de Hieronymus Monetarius à travers la France’. The Latin text of the Iberian section of the
190:, where he spent several days; the city was the base of Spain's shipping trade with the Indies and South America.
62:. His parents were Heinrich (died 1463?) and Elisabeth Münzer. Hieronymus Münzer studied from 1464 on at the
276:
where French kings were crowned was not far away: it had splendid treasures. Down the Seine he commented on
214:
230:
210:
179:
310:, the young heir's father and guardian, and was about to lose its predominance to the great port city of
514:
63:
59:
222:
519:
427:. The Latin text with Portuguese translation was also published by Basilio de Vasconcelos in 1932 in
273:
27:
475:
in: Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 111 (2003), pp. 317–340.
417:
De inventione Africae maritimae et occidentalis videlicet Geneae per Infantem Heinricum Portugalliae
78:(booklet on the nature of wine) and various medical reports. He was one of the main figures in the
269:
194:
111:
47:
374:, who had previously ruled the Low Countries as his young son’s guardian. On the Main he visited
171:
122:
a journey across the Atlantic in search of the route to India, recommending Behaim for the task.
482:
452:
95:
43:
302:
Münzer visited the castle where the Duke kept his treasure and artillery. He then went on to
292:, and met the Captain of Picardy and from there travelled into the Duke of Burgundy's lands.
257:
107:
397:(journey 1494/95; date of publication unclear). The Latin text of all Hieronymous Münzer’s
421:
Abhandlungen der historischen Classe der königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
401:
except the Iberian section was published by Ernst Philip Goldschmidt in four sections in
367:
354:. French was spoken to the west and south, and German or Dutch to the east and north.
508:
115:
378:, scene of important fairs which no German merchant could afford to miss. Thence to
306:, where merchants of all northern lands had met and traded, but it rebelled against
135:
does a German translation of the entire report in the context of a project at the
170:
had been a wealthy Muslim port and its chief mosque became a cathedral after the
379:
358:
331:
218:
150:, which had been rich and self-governing, but had lost many of its merchants to
83:
298:
had been worn down by wars between the King of France and Duke of Burgundy. In
479:
Doctor Hieronymus Münzer’s ‘Itinerary (1494 and 1495) and Discovery of Guinea’
449:
Doctor Hieronymus Münzer’s ‘Itinerary (1494 and 1495) and Discovery of Guinea’
261:
167:
155:
143:
39:
35:
383:
375:
326:, was ruled by factions whose unstable politics caused the city to decline.
147:
87:
31:
183:
481:
translated into English with detailed notes by James Firth, London 2014,
451:
translated into English with detailed notes by James Firth, London 2014,
351:
347:
335:
323:
249:
238:
234:
198:
163:
151:
79:
362:
346:
in German-speaking lands: the linguistic frontier ran north from Swiss
343:
327:
311:
289:
253:
245:
187:
175:
339:
303:
285:
281:
226:
202:
174:
was conquered. He was one of the first Christian travellers to visit
159:
146:, then a small port ruined twenty years before by a Catalan fleet;
319:
315:
299:
295:
277:
265:
131:
110:(1440–1514) and contributed geographical sections to the latter's
94:
Hieronymus Holzschuher, whose son of the same name was painted by
71:
370:
during a Reichstag in 1495, one of the two during the reign of
130:. The report exists today only as a copy and is preserved in a
166:
exported alum for textile makers, dried fruit, nuts and wine.
118:
led Münzer to suggest to the King of Portugal on behalf of
413:(1920) 48 as ‘Itinerarium Hispanicum Hieronymi Monetarii’.
252:
had a university and numbers of learned officials. In
318:, the port of Bruges, suffered in the same events.
209:. Further north, he entered Spain again, visiting
260:, who died shortly after and was soon canonised.
178:after its capture in 1492 by the Catholic rulers
244:In Toulouse he commented on the mills of the
82:circle of the city and worked intensively in
8:
334:there. The last Belgian city he visited was
248:, the woad trade and schism in the Church.
193:Over the border in Portugal he talked with
441:
154:in the Catalan civil war in the 1460s;
493:Hieronymus Münzer und seine Bibliothek
205:, learning what he wrote about in his
46:in 1494–95. He was co-author of the
7:
350:to Liège and the west to the sea at
423:, Bd. 7, München 1855, S. 291–362
419:, ed. v. Friedrich Kunstmann, in:
409:was published by Ludwig Pfandl in
256:he talked at length with the aged
14:
231:King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
158:, a great Benedictine monastery;
26:(1437/47 – 27 August 1508) was a
233:, afterwards travelling through
137:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
501:by Leo of Rozmital, London 1957
1:
280:, the wine port, and then on
525:German Renaissance humanists
541:
491:Ernst Philip Goldschmidt,
66:and in 1470 was appointed
403:Humanisme et Renaissance
215:University at Salamanca
201:and spent five days in
106:Münzer was a friend of
76:Libellus de natura vini
211:Santiago de Compostela
180:Ferdinand and Isabella
16:Humanist and physician
322:, the capital of all
64:University of Leipzig
425:(Einleitung 291–347)
274:abbey of Saint Denis
28:Renaissance humanist
308:Archduke Maximilian
241:into France again.
207:Discovery of Guinea
112:Nuremberg Chronicle
58:Münzer was born in
48:Nuremberg Chronicle
471:Albrecht Classen,
372:Emperor Maximilian
172:kingdom of Granada
120:Emperor Maximilian
38:who made a famous
499:Travels 1465-1467
487:978-0-9927558-0-5
457:978-0-9927558-0-5
288:, the capital of
44:Iberian Peninsula
20:Hieronymus Münzer
532:
459:
446:
411:Revue Hispanique
258:Francis of Paola
108:Hartmann Schedel
540:
539:
535:
534:
533:
531:
530:
529:
505:
504:
463:
462:
447:
443:
438:
391:
104:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
538:
536:
528:
527:
522:
517:
507:
506:
503:
502:
496:
495:(London, 1938)
489:
476:
468:
467:
461:
460:
440:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
414:
390:
389:Selected works
387:
217:and the great
103:
100:
96:Albrecht Dürer
55:
52:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
537:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
510:
500:
497:
494:
490:
488:
484:
480:
477:
474:
470:
469:
465:
464:
458:
454:
450:
445:
442:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
392:
388:
386:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:monastery at
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
133:
129:
123:
121:
117:
116:Martin Behaim
113:
109:
101:
99:
97:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
515:1440s births
498:
492:
478:
472:
448:
444:
428:
424:
420:
416:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
356:
294:
243:
206:
192:
141:
127:
124:
105:
92:
75:
67:
57:
23:
19:
18:
520:1508 deaths
429:O Instituto
407:Itinerarium
399:Itinerarium
359:Charlemagne
84:cosmography
509:Categories
436:References
219:Jeronimite
156:Montserrat
144:Marseilles
40:grand tour
36:geographer
24:Monetarius
384:Nuremberg
376:Frankfurt
223:Guadalupe
148:Barcelona
88:astronomy
60:Feldkirch
32:physician
380:Würzburg
361:’s son.
352:Boulogne
348:Fribourg
332:Béguines
324:Flanders
270:Sorbonne
250:Poitiers
239:Pamplona
235:Zaragoza
164:Alicante
152:Valencia
80:humanist
68:Magister
466:General
363:Cologne
344:Cologne
328:Mechlin
312:Antwerp
290:Picardy
262:Orléans
254:Amboise
246:Garonne
229:he met
195:John II
188:Seville
176:Granada
168:Almería
42:of the
485:
455:
340:Aachen
304:Bruges
286:Amiens
282:Dieppe
227:Madrid
213:, the
203:Lisbon
184:Málaga
160:Poblet
368:Worms
336:Liège
320:Ghent
316:Sluys
300:Lille
296:Arras
278:Rouen
266:Paris
225:. In
199:Évora
132:codex
72:Pavia
483:ISBN
453:ISBN
237:and
102:Work
86:and
54:Life
34:and
342:to
197:in
186:to
22:or
511::
314:.
139:.
90:.
50:.
30:,
431:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.