1259:, and impoverishment of tribal people in CHT. If the present state of degradation is continued, most of the areas under shifting cultivation will be severely degraded and future generations will face more difficulties in eking out their livelihoods on further degraded land, although there is some scope for shifting cultivators to leave the degraded fields and move to other areas. It is estimated that on average eight hectares of land is necessary for the sustenance of a family in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. If this ratio is adopted, 1,240,000 ha land is required to sustain the present population; however, the total land available, excluding the reserve forest, is 928,000 ha. Shifting cultivation, therefore, cannot fulfill even the subsistence requirements of the people. In such a situation, either large non-farm employment opportunities need to be created or more productive land-use systems need to be developed and adopted. Given the sluggish growth of the economy, there is limited scope for generating adequate non-farming employment opportunities in the near future. It is, therefore, imperative to replace the present shifting cultivation system with more productive and sustainable land use systems to enable people to secure their livelihoods.
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When the 1901 census was taken there were no towns, and 211 of the villages had populations of less than 500 apiece; only one exceeded 2,000. The population density, excluding the area of uninhabited forest (1,385 square miles), was 33 persons per square mile. There was a little immigration from
1146:
The recorded population increased from 69,607 in 1872 to 101,597 in 1881, to 107,286 in 1891, and to 124,762 in 1901. The census of 1872 was, however, very imperfect, and the actual population growth probably did not exceed what might be expected in a sparsely inhabited but fairly healthy tract.
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agriculture or swidden cultivation, embraces a large variety of primitive forms of agriculture. It is a unique stage in the evolution from hunting and food gathering to sedentary farming. Humankind began to change its mode of life from food gatherer to food producer about 7000 B.C. by adopting
553:, tribes are mainly followers of Buddhism (41.74%). The percentages of Muslims are: Bandarban 52.68%, Khagrachari 46.56% and Rangamati 36.22%. Most of the Christian population is in Bandarban (9.78% of the population). Khagrachari (0.62%) and Rangamati (1.32%) have only small numbers.
1219:
400:
on the east and
Chittagong district on the west. The area of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is about 13,184 km, which is approximately one-tenth of the total area of Bangladesh. The Chittagong Hill Tracts combine three hilly districts of Bangladesh:
391:
The
Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), the only extensive hilly area in Bangladesh, lie in the southeastern part of the country (210 25' N to 230 45' N latitude and 910 54' E to 920 50' E longitude) bordering Myanmar on the southeast, the Indian state of
1142:
proper is a coastal area in the plains where the
British were based. As colonial influence grew, "Chittagong" enlarged as well, expanding eastwards to subsume the Hill Tracts under its revenue-collection territory.
1775:
Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2007). "The Impact of Policy and
Institutional Environment on Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Agricultural Land Uses: The Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh".
1122:. The early colonial history of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is a record of recurring raids by the eastern hill indigenous (Mizo or Lushai) and of the operations undertaken by the British to repress them.
1709:
Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2006). "Financial and economic suitability of agroforestry as an alternative to shifting cultivation: The case of the
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh".
1155:. The proportion of females to every 100 males was only 90 in the district-born and 83 in the total population. That time Buddhists numbered 100,000, Hindus 50,000, and Muslims 3,000.
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shifting cultivation. Some form of shifting cultivation has been practised in most parts of the world, but more intensive forms of agriculture have subsequently replaced it.
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According to the census of 2022 the population of the three districts totaled 1,842,815, of whom 920,248 were tribal people. The population density was roughly 140 per km.
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1072:. The place was ruled by the Chakma king there was a conflict between the Chakma king and Mughals in which the Chakma king agreed to pay tribute of cotton to the Mughals.
1284:"Life is not Ours: Land and Human Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts", Bangladesh. Copenhagen, Denmark: Organizing Committee, Chittagong Hill Tracts Campaign, 1991.
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arising from environmentally unsuitable activities such as tobacco cultivation in sloping land, shifting cultivation and logging. Shifting cultivation, also known as
2012:
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1643:
Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B. (2003). "Shifting
Cultivation in the Mountains of South and Southeast Asia: Regional Patterns and Factors Influencing the Change".
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Shelly, Mizanur
Rahaman. (1992). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh: The Untold Story". Dhaka, Bangladesh: Centre for Development Research, Bangladesh.
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Topographically, the Hill Tracts are the only extensively hilly area in
Bangladesh. Home to a variety of tribes, today grouped together as the
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Thapa, Gopal B.; Rasul, Golam (2006). "Implications of changing national policies on land use in the
Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh".
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Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B.; Zoebisch, Michael A. (2004). "Determinants of land-use changes in the
Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh".
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in order to suppress the Chakma queen power Kalindi Rani divided the hills into three parts. This was done in regional areas known as
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have been losing their interest in cultivating their own indigenous crops after defaulting on loans provided by tobacco companies.
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The mountainous rugged terrain with deep forests, lakes and falls gives it a different character from the rest of Bangladesh.
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Rasul, Golam (2007). "Political Ecology of the Degradation of Forest Commons in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh".
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1910:"Land Rights of the Indigenous People of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh: A Historical Analysis of Policy Issues"
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Like other mountainous areas in South and Southeast Asia, the Chittagong Hill Tracts are undergoing deforestation and
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2019:
1559:"Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 10, page 320 – Imperial Gazetteer of India – Digital South Asia Library"
1541:"Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 10, page 319 – Imperial Gazetteer of India – Digital South Asia Library"
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Bangladesh: Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The slow demise of the region's indigenous peoples.
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for this area dates to the 1860 British annexation of the region, bringing it under the direct control of
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1979:
1962:
1954:
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IWGIA report 14. Copenhagen: IWGIA, Organising Committee CHT Campaign and Shimin Gaikou Centre. May 2012
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344:, the Chittagong Hill Tracts were divided by the British in the 19th century into three circles, the
321:(Burma) in the east. Covering 13,295 square kilometres (5,133 sq mi), they formed a single
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Tobacco cultivation is damaging the ecology of the area, with the loss of indigenous trees such as
1060:(Burma) before the Mughal and Bengali people settlement, due to defeat from the Rakhine king. The
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713:
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471:, who differ markedly from the Bengali majority of Bangladesh in language, ethnicity and religion.
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2002:
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are the second largest tribe. They came from Burma when Arakan was conquered by Burmese king
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743:
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1611:
Rasul and Thapa, 2003. Factors influencing shifting cultivation in South and Southeast Asia
1276:"Alienation of the Lands of Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh"
1064:
are the single largest indigenous group, comprising half of the indigenous population. The
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878:
728:
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179:
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made the region its tributary after battling Chakma raja and agreeing on peace treaty.
908:
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1867:
mapped on OpenStreetMap, retrieved 28 December 2021 (also shown are three districts:
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Frontier Encounters: Indigenous Communities and Settlers in Asia and Latin America
1701:
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1204:
1200:
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380:
159:
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is a misnomer. This was the name given to this region after its annexation
17:
3625:
4344:
4339:
4203:
3505:
3298:
2841:
1899:
Background information, news and literature on the Chittagong Hill Tracts
1479:
Ghanea-Hercock, Nazila; Xanthaki, Alexandra; Thornberry, Patrick (2005).
1088:
586:
576:
484:
1413:
https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b432a7e5-8b4d-4dac-a76c-a9be4e85828c
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617:
397:
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1248:
1094:
1057:
383:, constitute some of the remaining abodes of Buddhism in South Asia.
376:
364:
360:
1664:
356:. Today, it remains one of the least developed parts of Bangladesh.
1388:
https://bbs.gov.bd/site/page/2888a55d-d686-4736-bad0-54b70462afda/-
1287:
Brauns, Claus-Dieter, "The Mrus: Peaceful Hillfolk of Bangladesh",
4364:
4303:
3878:
3816:
3520:
1243:
Bamboo Transportation to Karnaphuli Paper Mills, Kaptai, Rangamati
1238:
1218:
566:
314:
264:
1278:. Dhaka: Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission & IWGIA. May 2011.
4396:
4308:
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2054:
1882:
1455:. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. p. 487.
4213:
4096:
3629:
1923:
29:
1334:
1056:
In the early 13th century the Chakma people settled from
325:
until 1984, when they were divided into three districts:
1578:"Tobacco cultivation poses threat to environment in CHT"
1509:
Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples
1251:
periods in the Chittagong Hill Tracts has accelerated
292:
1400:"Population Census 2022: A CHT demographic analysis"
1350:"Population Census 2022: A CHT demographic analysis"
4389:
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4131:
4027:
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3825:
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3266:
2994:
2840:
2634:
2621:
2484:
2433:
2368:
2227:
2123:
2042:
1961:
1247:The present shifting cultivation system with short
244:
203:
136:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1512:. International Labour Organization. p. 73.
427:There are more than several tribes such as: the
1151:Chittagong, and a few persons had emigrated to
477:Ethnicity in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (2022)
4125:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
559:Religion in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (2022)
222:
4108:
3641:
1935:
1344:
1342:
8:
1368:"Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs"
1313:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 117.
1165:Radcliffe Line § Chittagong Hill Tracts
1333:Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs
648:Percentage of population speaking Bengali
4115:
4101:
4093:
3648:
3634:
3626:
3276:
3272:
3000:
2631:
2627:
2490:
2039:
1967:
1942:
1928:
1920:
1482:Minorities, Peoples And Self-determination
1311:Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination
1078:and early British records name the region
638:
133:
1474:
1472:
1053:, Chakma kingdom and the Twipra Kingdom.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1196:(Indian mahogany), and soil fertility.
269:The Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh
4381:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
1301:
359:The Chittagong Hill Tracts along with
305:, are a group of districts within the
1883:The Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission
7:
1506:International Labour Office (2000).
1274:Shapan Adnan & Ranajit Dastidar.
1138:. Situated beyond the inland hills,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1908:Ali, M. Emran; Toshiyuki Tsuchiya,
1823:Journal of Environmental Management
1645:Land Degradation & Development
25:
1576:Chakma, Shantimoy (21 May 2009).
1485:. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 115.
297:), often shortened to simply the
27:Region in southeastern Bangladesh
4505:Geography of Chittagong Division
4212:
1291:, February 1973, Vol. 143, No. 1
221:
214:
187:
178:
167:
158:
147:
34:
4470:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
1176:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
1049:It was the warzone between the
45:needs additional citations for
4495:History of Chittagong Division
3008:Bangladesh Planning Commission
1:
3904:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
2792:International Crimes Tribunal
1843:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.002
628:(51.07%) and almost equal to
2328:Proclamation of Independence
2308:Legislative election in 1954
1702:10.1016/j.apgeog.2004.03.004
1289:National Geographic Magazine
1037:
1022:
1007:
992:
977:
962:
947:
932:
917:
902:
887:
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857:
842:
827:
812:
797:
782:
767:
752:
737:
722:
707:
692:
677:
662:
3958:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3217:Water supply and sanitation
2410:Political crisis in 2006–08
1879:, that make up the tracts).
1106:Under British control, the
293:
4521:
3571:Inventions and discoveries
3551:National Martyrs' Memorial
2288:Partition of Bengal (1947)
2263:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1740:Environmental Conservation
1731:10.1016/j.agsy.2006.01.006
1173:
1162:
1108:British East India Company
819:Khagrachhari Sadar Upazila
616:According to 2022 cencus,
612:Bengali in CHT by Upazilas
4210:
3587:
3275:
3135:Natural gas and petroleum
3003:
2630:
2493:
2336:Bangladesh Liberation War
2038:
1970:
1798:10.1007/s00267-005-0083-8
1760:10.1017/S0376892907003888
1335:http://www.mochta.gov.bd/
282:
208:
141:
2905:President Guard Regiment
2415:Bangladesh Rifles revolt
2323:General election in 1970
2268:Prime Minister of Bengal
1888:"Chittagong Hill Tracts"
1778:Environmental Management
1181:Land use and environment
1034:Rangamati Hill District
974:Rangamati Hill District
959:Rangamati Hill District
929:Rangamati Hill District
914:Rangamati Hill District
899:Rangamati Hill District
809:Rangamati Hill District
794:Rangamati Hill District
789:Rangamati Sadar Upazila
779:Rangamati Hill District
759:Bandarban Sadar Upazila
674:Rangamati Hill District
634:Rangamati Hill District
69:"Chittagong Hill Tracts"
4490:Rangamati Hill District
4475:Mountains of Bangladesh
3398:Bangladeshi nationalism
3152:Export Processing Zones
1449:Geiger, Danilo (2008).
1309:Ghanea, Nazila (2005).
1199:Most of the farmers of
253:Rangamati Hill District
4500:Indigenous land rights
4460:Chittagong Hill Tracts
4244:Chittagong Hill Tracts
3968:Atolls of the Maldives
3766:Chittagong Hill Tracts
2910:Special Security Force
2696:Presidential elections
2577:Chittagong Hill Tracts
2370:Republic of Bangladesh
2343:Provisional Government
2124:Classical and Medieval
1904:Survival International
1865:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1526:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1244:
1224:
654:Naikhongchhari Upazila
626:Khagrachhari District
551:2022 Bangladesh census
275:Chittagong Hill Tracts
270:
235:Location in Bangladesh
229:Chattogram Hill Tracts
198:Sajek Valley Rangamati
137:Chattogram Hill Tracts
4485:Khagrachhari District
3561:Oriental magpie-robin
3120:Energy and resources:
2898:Village Defence Party
1242:
1222:
1029:Juraichhari Upazila
1014:Rowangchhari Upazila
969:Belaichhari Upazila
944:Khagrachhari District
939:Lakshmichhari Upazila
924:Bagaichhari Upazila
884:Khagrachhari District
869:Khagrachhari District
854:Khagrachhari District
839:Khagrachhari District
824:Khagrachhari District
734:Khagrachhari District
719:Khagrachhari District
704:Khagrachhari District
268:
2815:Forced disappearance
2607:World Heritage Sites
1914:Fourth World Journal
1711:Agricultural Systems
1402:. 19 September 2022.
1356:. 19 September 2022.
1255:, land degradation,
1215:Environmental issues
1130:The use of the name
894:Rajasthali Upazila
849:Mahalchhari Upazila
714:Manikchhari Upazila
543: Others (1.52%)
249:Khagrachari District
54:improve this article
4465:Chittagong Division
4431:22.5500°N 92.2833°E
4427: /
4289:Southern Azerbaijan
3849:Indo-Gangetic plain
2820:Freedom of religion
2787:High Court Division
2686:Election Commission
1835:2006JEnvM..81..441T
1790:2007EnMan..40..272R
1752:2007EnvCo..34..153R
1723:2006AgSys..91...29R
1694:2004AppGe..24..217R
1657:2003LDeDe..14..495R
1375:Ministry of Finance
1223:Nilachol, Bandarban
1193:Chukrasia tabularis
1186:Tobacco cultivation
1159:End of British rule
622:Bandarban District
605: Other (1.30%)
307:Chittagong Division
301:and abbreviated to
294:Parbotto Chottogram
4480:Bandarban District
3776:Gandhamardan Hills
3746:Sulaiman Mountains
3486:Amar Shonar Bangla
3207:Telecommunications
2313:Six point movement
2258:Bengal Renaissance
2238:Portuguese Bengala
2143:Classical empires:
1629:Rasul et al., 2004
1245:
1225:
1101:East India Company
1019:Bandarban District
1004:Bandarban District
989:Bandarban District
954:Naniarchar Upazila
864:Panchhari Upazila
834:Dighinala Upazila
764:Bandarban District
749:Bandarban District
744:Alikadam Upazila
699:Matiranga Upazila
689:Bandarban District
659:Bandarban District
283:পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম
271:
257:Bandarban District
4410:
4409:
4299:Southern Mongolia
4264:Iranian Kurdistan
4090:
4089:
3864:Indus River Delta
3623:
3622:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3321:Human trafficking
3262:
3261:
3083:Bangladeshi taka
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2759:Upazila Parishads
2749:City corporations
2708:Foreign relations
2703:Political parties
2691:General elections
2617:
2616:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2303:Language Movement
2283:Direct Action Day
2273:Lahore Resolution
2217:Battle of Plassey
2131:Founding kingdom:
1682:Applied Geography
1563:dsal.uchicago.edu
1545:dsal.uchicago.edu
1519:978-92-2-112258-6
1462:978-87-91563-15-7
1042:
1041:
549:According to the
291:
263:
262:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4512:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4436:22.5500; 92.2833
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4324:West Balochistan
4254:Gilgit Baltistan
4216:
4194:Western Togoland
4184:Rehoboth Basters
4117:
4110:
4103:
4094:
3884:Coromandel Coast
3751:Toba Kakar Range
3680:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3627:
3603:
3596:
3277:
3273:
3145:Renewable energy
3091:Financial system
3086:
3078:
3075:Bangladesh Bank
3065:Finance sectors:
3001:
2802:Attorney General
2742:Local government
2723:
2713:Foreign policies
2632:
2628:
2518:Cities and towns
2491:
2425:Protests in 2013
2420:Battle of Begums
2231:and Pakistan era
2212:Nawabs of Bengal
2185:Bengal Sultanate
2040:
1968:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1916:, Vol. 5, No. 1.
1854:
1817:
1771:
1734:
1705:
1676:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1306:
1229:land degradation
999:Thanchi Upazila
879:Guimara Upazila
804:Kaukhali Upazila
729:Ramgarh Upazila
669:Langadu Upazila
639:
620:are majority in
604:
594:
584:
574:
564:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
482:
309:in southeastern
296:
286:
284:
225:
224:
218:
191:
182:
171:
162:
151:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4445:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4406:
4385:
4369:
4328:
4217:
4208:
4127:
4123:Members of the
4121:
4091:
4086:
4023:
3972:
3946:
3913:
3837:
3821:
3785:
3736:Anaimalai Hills
3676:
3660:
3654:
3624:
3619:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3575:
3546:National Emblem
3516:Government Seal
3472:
3443:Public holidays
3369:
3258:
3197:Infrastructure:
3098:Stock Exchange:
3084:
3076:
2982:
2836:
2721:
2613:
2498:Administrative:
2472:
2429:
2364:
2253:Sepoy Rebellion
2243:British Bengal:
2223:
2175:Delhi Sultanate
2119:
2034:
1957:
1948:
1861:
1820:
1774:
1737:
1708:
1679:
1665:10.1002/ldr.570
1642:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1520:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1425:"Brief History"
1423:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1265:
1217:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1128:
1099:. In 1787, the
1047:
909:Barkal Upazila
774:Kaptai Upazila
614:
609:
608:
607:
606:
602:
600:
592:
590:
582:
580:
572:
570:
562:
547:
546:
545:
544:
540:
538:
530:
528:
520:
518:
510:
508:
500:
498:
490:
488:
480:
422:
389:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:
226:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
184:
183:
174:
173:
172:
164:
163:
154:
153:
152:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4518:
4516:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:Crimean Tatars
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:South Moluccas
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:East Turkestan
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:Mysore Plateau
3809:
3807:Ladakh Plateau
3804:
3799:
3797:Deccan Plateau
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:Cardamom Hills
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Himachal Range
3723:
3721:Shivalik Hills
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Aravalli Range
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Radio stations
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3428:Bengal studies
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3140:Nuclear energy
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3077:(central bank)
3072:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3058:Tea production
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Pharmaceutical
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2938:Special Branch
2935:
2930:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2764:Union councils
2761:
2756:
2754:Municipalities
2751:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2729:Constituencies
2719:Jatiya Sangsad
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2661:Prime Minister
2658:
2657:
2656:
2640:
2638:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2550:National parks
2547:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2482:
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2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
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2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2383:Military coups
2380:
2378:Famine of 1974
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Famine of 1943
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2248:Famine of 1770
2240:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2202:Mughal period:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2180:Khalji dynasty
2177:
2172:
2170:Islamic rulers
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
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2107:
2102:
2097:
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2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1885:
1880:
1860:
1859:External links
1857:
1856:
1855:
1829:(4): 441–453.
1818:
1784:(2): 272–283.
1772:
1746:(2): 153–163.
1735:
1717:(1–2): 29–50.
1706:
1688:(3): 217–240.
1677:
1651:(5): 495–508.
1638:
1635:
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1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1582:The Daily Star
1568:
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1518:
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1429:CHT Commission
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1261:
1233:slash-and-burn
1216:
1213:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1174:Main article:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1127:
1124:
1120:Bohmong Circle
1051:Arakan Kingdom
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630:Chakma people
613:
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396:on the north,
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354:Bohmong Circle
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4374:North America
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4157:
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4149:Bellah people
4147:
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4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4113:
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3990:
3987:
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3955:
3953:
3949:
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3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:Coastal India
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Rann of Kutch
3897:
3895:
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3808:
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3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Satpura Range
3709:
3707:
3706:Vindhya Range
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Eastern Ghats
3689:
3687:
3686:Western Ghats
3684:
3679:
3678:Mount Everest
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3656:Geography of
3651:
3646:
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3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:Bengalization
3401:
3399:
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3386:
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3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Ethnic groups
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
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3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
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3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Energy policy
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
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3089:
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3081:
3079:
3073:
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3068:
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3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
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2999:
2997:
2993:
2977:
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2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
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2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Chief Justice
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Supreme Court
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
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2750:
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2716:
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2711:
2709:
2706:
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2697:
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2664:
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2647:
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2639:
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2626:
2624:
2620:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Bay of Bengal
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Sub-districts
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
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2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:1990 Uprising
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
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2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:1969 Uprising
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:East Pakistan
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
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2239:
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2230:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:Gauda Kingdom
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Kanva dynasty
2108:
2106:
2105:Shunga Empire
2103:
2101:
2100:Maurya Empire
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Suhma kingdom
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
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1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
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1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
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1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
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1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
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1521:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1492:90-04-14301-7
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1475:
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1469:
1464:
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1417:
1414:
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1401:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1354:Parbatta News
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1257:deforestation
1254:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:British India
1133:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:Chakma Circle
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
990:
987:
985:
984:Ruma Upazila
982:
981:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
690:
687:
685:
684:Lama Upazila
682:
681:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
624:(58.85%) and
623:
619:
611:
598:
588:
578:
568:
560:
554:
552:
536:
526:
516:
506:
496:
486:
478:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
419:
417:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
395:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
346:Chakma Circle
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
289:
280:
276:
267:
258:
254:
250:
247:
243:
217:
207:
202:
190:
181:
170:
161:
150:
140:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4412:
4402:West Papuans
4243:
4078:Southeastern
4073:Southwestern
4053:Northeastern
4043:Northwestern
3874:Ganges Delta
3869:Ganges Basin
3859:Indus Valley
3802:Chota Nagpur
3781:Lushai Hills
3765:
3556:Notuner Gaan
3501:Bengal tiger
3383:Architecture
3343:Universities
3294:Bangladeshis
3281:Demographics
3223:
3196:
3156:
3119:
3097:
3064:
3048:Shipbuilding
3012:
2917:Intelligence
2883:Border Guard
2877:Paramilitary
2854:Armed Forces
2809:Human rights
2777:Constitution
2740:
2722:(parliament)
2717:
2643:
2592:Ganges Delta
2587:Ganges Basin
2576:
2561:
2529:
2334:
2294:
2242:
2207:Bengal Subah
2164:
2142:
2130:
2115:Gupta Empire
2050:Vedic period
1984:
1913:
1891:
1826:
1822:
1781:
1777:
1743:
1739:
1714:
1710:
1685:
1681:
1648:
1644:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1602:Rasul, 2009.
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1501:
1481:
1451:
1444:
1434:20 September
1432:. Retrieved
1428:
1419:
1408:
1394:
1383:
1374:
1362:
1353:
1329:
1310:
1304:
1288:
1263:Bibliography
1246:
1226:
1209:Khagrachhari
1198:
1191:
1189:
1149:
1145:
1131:
1129:
1126:British rule
1105:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1066:Marma people
1055:
1048:
632:(42.67%) in
615:
597:Christianity
558:
548:
476:
426:
423:
415:
407:Khagrachhari
390:
358:
342:Jumma people
339:
327:Khagrachhari
313:, bordering
302:
298:
274:
272:
259:, Bangladesh
131:
116:
110:January 2017
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4434: /
4239:Balochistan
4144:Barotseland
4019:Afghanistan
3963:Lakshadweep
3833:Thar Desert
3731:Khasi Hills
3496:Bengal fire
3212:Real estate
3158:Agriculture
3130:Electricity
3028:Electronics
3013:Industries:
2888:Coast Guard
2846:enforcement
2825:LGBT rights
2582:Cox's Bazar
2197:Baro-Bhuyan
2165:Sultanates:
2085:Shaishunaga
1893:Banglapedia
1869:Khagrachari
1620:Rasul, 2009
1584:. Rangamati
1116:Mong Circle
636:(42.42%).
413:districts.
350:Mong Circle
299:Hill Tracts
18:Hill Tracts
4449:Categories
4422:92°17′00″E
4419:22°33′00″N
4274:Khuzestani
4269:Khmer Krom
4189:Somaliland
4139:Afrikaners
4009:Bangladesh
3977:By country
3935:West Coast
3930:East Coast
3894:Sundarbans
3771:Naga Hills
3761:Hindu Kush
3716:Garo Hills
3658:South Asia
3566:Water lily
3541:Mango tree
3536:Bengal cat
3433:Literature
3388:Bangaliana
3316:Corruption
3103:Chittagong
3085:(currency)
3018:Automotive
2644:Executive:
2636:Government
2602:Sundarbans
2597:Hatirjheel
2572:Bengal Fan
2443:Chittagong
2192:Sur Empire
2095:Gangaridai
2003:Literature
1951:Bangladesh
1320:9004143017
1296:References
1163:See also:
1140:Chittagong
1132:Chittagong
535:Tanchangya
441:Tanchangya
420:Demography
373:Darjeeling
311:Bangladesh
80:newspapers
4350:Catalonia
4004:Sri Lanka
3756:Karakoram
3672:Himalayas
3665:Mountains
3526:Jackfruit
3491:Bangamata
3463:Sexuality
3408:Calendars
3333:Education
3326:Terrorism
3225:Transport
3113:2011 scam
2870:Air Force
2680:Elections
2649:President
2545:Mountains
2508:Districts
2503:Divisions
2486:Geography
1877:Bandarban
1873:Rangamaai
1673:128897922
1637:Citations
1205:Bandarban
1201:Rangamati
1070:Bodawpaya
645:District
411:Bandarban
403:Rangamati
387:Geography
381:Sri Lanka
335:Bandarban
331:Rangamati
288:romanized
204:Geography
4345:Brittany
4340:Abkhazia
4204:Zambesia
4063:Southern
4058:Littoral
4048:Northern
4014:Maldives
3989:Pakistan
3842:Lowlands
3790:Plateaus
3701:Nilgiris
3610:Category
3506:Bungalow
3468:Marriage
3423:Language
3360:Religion
3299:Bengalis
3237:Airlines
3232:Airports
3182:Forestry
3023:Ceramics
2842:Military
2623:Politics
2458:Noakhali
2435:Regional
2358:Timeline
2348:Genocide
2229:Colonial
2080:Pradyota
2025:Cyclones
2008:Military
1998:Aviation
1975:Timeline
1955:articles
1851:16549239
1814:20782180
1806:17562103
1768:86078323
1588:15 April
1170:Conflict
642:Upazila
618:Bengalis
589:(41.74%)
587:Buddhism
577:Hinduism
569:(44.52%)
507:(11.38%)
497:(24.68%)
487:(50.06%)
352:and the
323:district
245:Location
4390:Oceania
4360:Lezghin
4284:Nagalim
4279:Madhesh
4234:Assyria
4164:Kabylia
4159:Haratin
4038:Central
3951:Islands
3826:Deserts
3594:Outline
3531:Kabaddi
3478:Symbols
3453:Theatre
3418:Cuisine
3375:Culture
3365:Society
3338:Schools
3268:Society
3242:Railway
3192:Poverty
3187:Tourism
3175:Fishing
3170:Poultry
3070:Banking
3043:Textile
2996:Economy
2734:Speaker
2673:Cabinet
2562:Places:
2535:Islands
2530:Nature:
2525:Borders
2463:Rangpur
2453:Jessore
2153:Kamboja
2075:Magadha
2043:Ancient
1980:Outline
1963:History
1831:Bibcode
1786:Bibcode
1748:Bibcode
1719:Bibcode
1690:Bibcode
1653:Bibcode
1253:erosion
1153:Tripura
1045:History
1023:10.51%
1008:12.38%
993:13.02%
978:15.87%
963:18.27%
948:25.76%
933:28.23%
918:28.96%
903:32.33%
888:33.02%
873:33.02%
858:36.95%
843:39.00%
828:40.77%
813:44.88%
798:52.33%
783:55.71%
768:56.97%
753:60.64%
723:73.57%
708:76.01%
693:76.22%
678:80.84%
663:83.48%
599:(3.26%)
579:(9.18%)
537:(2.33%)
517:(7.23%)
515:Tripura
485:Bengali
437:Tripura
398:Mizoram
394:Tripura
319:Myanmar
290::
279:Bengali
94:scholar
4455:Tracts
4333:Europe
4314:Taiwan
4199:Yoruba
4169:Ogaden
4154:Biafra
4132:Africa
4068:Island
4030:region
3999:Bhutan
3942:Makran
3918:Coasts
3909:Makran
3889:Konkan
3615:Portal
3448:Sports
3413:Cinema
3355:Hunger
3350:Health
2945:Police
2555:Rivers
2468:Sylhet
2065:Pundra
2020:Rulers
2013:Postal
1993:Bengal
1986:Topics
1953:
1875:, and
1849:
1812:
1804:
1766:
1671:
1516:
1489:
1459:
1317:
1249:fallow
1207:, and
1118:, and
1083:Bungoo
1076:Mughal
1062:Chakma
1058:Arakan
1038:4.65%
738:73.14
603:
595:
593:
585:
583:
575:
573:
565:
563:
541:
533:
531:
527:(2.8%)
523:
521:
513:
511:
503:
501:
495:Chakma
493:
491:
483:
481:
467:, and
465:Khyang
461:Lushei
449:Pankho
429:Chakma
379:, and
377:Bhutan
369:Tawang
365:Ladakh
361:Sikkim
333:, and
255:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4365:Savoy
4319:Tibet
4304:Sindh
4259:Hmong
4179:Oromo
4174:Ogoni
3994:Nepal
3984:India
3879:Terai
3817:Malwa
3601:Index
3521:Ilish
3438:Music
3311:Crime
3304:Names
3252:Ports
3247:Roads
3108:Dhaka
3053:Steel
2893:Ansar
2830:Women
2540:Lakes
2448:Dhaka
2090:Nanda
2060:Vanga
2030:Years
1810:S2CID
1764:S2CID
1669:S2CID
1371:(PDF)
1097:mahal
1095:Kapas
1089:mahal
567:Islam
505:Marma
469:Khumi
433:Marma
315:India
101:JSTOR
87:books
4397:Guam
4309:Sulu
4229:Aceh
4222:Asia
3854:Doab
3511:Flag
3393:Baul
3202:Post
3165:Rice
3033:Food
2976:SPBn
2961:CTTC
2951:APBn
2933:CTIB
2928:DGFI
2865:Navy
2860:Army
2844:and
2666:List
2654:List
2398:1982
2393:1981
2388:1975
2353:Rape
2158:Sena
2148:Pala
2055:Anga
1847:PMID
1802:PMID
1590:2020
1524:The
1514:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1436:2024
1315:ISBN
1087:Jum
445:Chak
409:and
317:and
273:The
73:news
4028:By
2971:RAB
2966:PBI
2956:CID
2923:NSI
2771:Law
1839:doi
1794:doi
1756:doi
1727:doi
1698:doi
1661:doi
1092:or
1081:Jum
525:Mro
457:Bom
453:Mro
431:,
303:CHT
56:by
4451::
2947::
2919::
2879::
2856::
2811::
2773::
2682::
1912:.
1890:–
1871:,
1845:.
1837:.
1827:81
1825:.
1808:.
1800:.
1792:.
1782:40
1780:.
1762:.
1754:.
1744:34
1742:.
1725:.
1715:91
1713:.
1696:.
1686:24
1684:.
1667:.
1659:.
1649:14
1647:.
1580:.
1561:.
1543:.
1522:.
1471:^
1427:.
1373:.
1352:.
1341:^
1203:,
1114:,
1085:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
451:,
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
405:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
363:,
348:,
337:.
329:,
285:,
281::
251:,
4116:e
4109:t
4102:v
3649:e
3642:t
3635:v
3227::
3160::
2744::
2724::
2338::
2298::
1988::
1943:e
1936:t
1929:v
1853:.
1841::
1833::
1816:.
1796::
1788::
1770:.
1758::
1750::
1733:.
1729::
1721::
1704:.
1700::
1692::
1675:.
1663::
1655::
1592:.
1565:.
1547:.
1495:.
1465:.
1438:.
1377:.
1323:.
277:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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