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These movements have many sources of inspiration, some local and some international. Scholars have claimed that it is sometimes a lack of access to resources that drive youth to use religion as a source of empowerment, as well as a justification for violence in certain instances. However, in
Senegal
526:
On the other hand, many
Senegalese youth movements have centered on increasing the role of religion in political systems, particularly at the university level. Many student organizations have been created to attempt to promote these traditional values to Senegalese public life and politics. These
505:
maintain importance for
Senegalese people of all generations, other practices such as daily prayer and abstinence from drinking and drugs take on different roles for Senegalese youth than for their parents. But along with youths who have liberalized their understanding of religion, there are many
542:
focuses on males, since they tend to dominate roles of religious authority in Muslim structures. This bias makes it even more difficult to make any generalizations about youth religiosity, since it would frequently be disregarding the sentiments of a large portion of the population. But it is
514:
A notable sign of changing generational levels of religiosity is how youth have changed their interactions with the national political system. On one hand, an increase in religiosity of
Senegalese youth has caused them to promote an increased level of religious involvement in political
527:
groups include the Hizbut-Tarqiyyah, and the
Association Musulmane des Etudiants d'Afrique Noire (AMEAN). Throughout the 1960s and 70s this upturn in religiosity was seen through the building of new mosques, and an increase in attention on Islamic organizations and news publications.
210:
who tried to lead a holy war (1852-1864) against the French and
Mouhammadoul Hâmet BA. After the 2002 general census of the Senegalese population, the followers of Tijianism constitute around 60% of all Senegalese, making it the most represented brotherhood in the country.
188:. He began his prédication May 24, 1883, at the age of 40, presenting himself as the Imam of "Bien Guidés" or "imamoul Mahdi." He taught and preached religious law and worship "clean and sincere," removed from the traditions that he judged were not conforming to Islam.
1109:"La tolérance religieuse, reflet de l'aspiration d'une nation à la démocratie : dans la vie et l'œuvre de quatre auteurs sénégalais : Birago Diop, Cheikh Anta Diop, Léopold S. Senghor, Abdoulaye Sadje," Fondation Konrad Adenauer, 2007, 65 p.
506:
Senegalese youth who have made changes of a more fundamentalist nature. Many
Senegalese youth are reinstating earlier understandings of Islam, in many instances incorporating religion into their lives to a greater extent than that of their parents.
119:. According to the Berkley Center, "approximately 95 percent of the population is Muslim and the other five percent is primarily Christian or animist." Many scholars including Marloes Janson, of SOAS, University of London, posits that, in Senegal,
230:(1853–1927). Each year, the Mourides commemorate the exile of Bamba during Magal, celebrated in the holy city of Touba. Each year, not less than two million people make this pilgrimage. Mourides constitute around 28% of the Senegalese population.
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decision-making. Conversely, many youth-led political movements are associated with groups of young people who tend to deviate from the religious expectations of their parents, partaking in alcohol consumption as well as elements of
906:
Thiaw, Issa laye, "Mythe de la création du monde selon les sages sereer", pp. 45−50, 59−61 "Enracinement et
Ouverture" – "Plaidoyer pour le dialogue interreligieux", Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (23 and 24 June 2009), Dakar
779:
Madiya, Clémentine Faïk-Nzuji, "Canadian Museum of
Civilization", Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies, "International Centre for African Language, Literature and Tradition", (Louvain, Belgium), pp 27, 155,
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Religion is an integral part of daily life in
Senegal, and this occurs very differently for adults and youths. Though many standard practices such as the celebration of large Senegalese religious holidays like
587:
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is represented in Senegal by the following brotherhoods: Tijanism, Mouridism, Qadiriyya, and Layenism. More recently, the NabyAllah movement has emerged and constructed the Mosque of the Divinity in
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apparent that religion serves a very different function for youth of this generation than it did for the previous one, in a pattern that was certainly passed down from the one before.
202:(d. 1922). Sy left a legacy of pacifist teachings. Il y a aussi Sokone Avec El Hadji Amadou Déme (1895-1973). Kaolack is another important city, for being the seat of marabout
827:, "La Religiosite de Seereer, avant et pendant leur Islamisation" Ethiopiques n° 54, revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine, Nouvelle série, vol 7, 2e Semestre (1991)
523:("Fed Up") movement was developed in January 2011 in response to the government inefficiency and youth un-involvement in Senegal was and was almost entirely youth-driven.
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402:. Senegalese hold several ancient beliefs, such as small efforts of 'thanks' or demands, such as protection from water. They also place great importance on the
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About 97% of the Senegalese population is Muslim, and many denominations of this faith are practised. Approximately 1% of the Muslim population practices
1056:
Gomez-Perez, Muriel; LeBlanc, Marie-Nathalie; Savadogo, Mathias (2009). "Young Men And Islam in the 1990s: Rethinking an Intergenerational Perspective".
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Villalón, Leonardo A. (Summer–Autumn 1999). "Generational Changes, Political Stagnation, and the Evolving Dynamics of Religion and Politics in Senegal".
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Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal", Berkeley,
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251:. Since the 1970s, the number of native Senegalese Shi'i Muslims has been growing significantly. They belong to organizations such as
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and have ancient rituals and festivals devoted to them. The religious affairs of Serer religion devotees are usually headed by the
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The constitution provides for freedom of religious beliefs and self-governance by religious groups without outside interference.
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Berg, Elizabeth L; Wan, Ruth . "Senegal: Cultures of the World", Volume 17, p 63. 2nd Edition, Marshall Cavendish (2009),
194:(Tarîqah Tijâniyyah) is the most important Sufi brotherhood in Senegal. In Senegal, the principal holy city of Tijanism is
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Johnson, Marloes, "Chapter 36: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa." SOAS, University of London (2017), pp. 15-17 (PDF)
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Interview on book with ISLAMiCommentary, a Public Scholarship Forum Managed by the Duke Islamic Studies Center
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897:", Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. p.31
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Loimeier, Roman (2000). "L'Islam ne se vend plus: The Islamic Reform Movement and the State in Senegal".
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constitute one of the most important brotherhoods in Senegal, and the most important Sufi brotherhood in
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is the predominant religion in the country, practiced by 97.2% of the country's population; the
1114:"Traditional Social Structure, the Islamic Brotherhoods, and Political Development in Senegal."
226:, which houses one of the largest mosques in Africa. The founder of the Mouride brotherhood is
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A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930
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Shi‘i Cosmopolitanisms in Africa: Lebanese Migration and Religious Conversion in Senegal
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in the 12th century. Qadiriyya constitute around 6% of the Senegalese population.
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Religion and beliefs occupy an important place in the daily life of the nation of
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originated largely from educated youths who had attended secular French schools.
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are a Muslim brotherhood based in Mahdism. This group originated in Yoff, a
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406:, which is known as the "House of the Spirits." The baobab tree along with
384:(the Serer priestly class) which in ancient times was the preoccupation of
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who adhere to the tenets of Serer religion (including those Senegalese who
206:(1900-1975) who also taught a pacifist message. The first propagators were
705:. Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. August 9, 2012. Archived from
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community, at 2.7% of the population, and less than one percent practice
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Ross, Eric (1995). "Touba: A Spiritual Metropolis in the Modern World".
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Primarily found in the west and south of Senegal, particularly in the
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294:. Senegalese Christians have a site of pilgrimage at Popenguine. The
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76:). In 2013, 6% of the population followed indigenous beliefs (mainly
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472:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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brotherhood is the oldest in Senegal, founded by the Sufi mystic
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388:. Some of these religious festivals or ceremonies include the
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was constructed at the beginning of the 20th century by father
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The existing literature about youth religiosity politics in
602:"Africa Guide website, Senegal People and Culture (2013)"
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region, they are also found in the large cities, such as
618:
United States Department of State 2021 report on Senegal
993:"Urban Youth and Senegalese Politics: Dakar 1988-1994."
461:
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808:, Nouvelles éditions africaines, Dakar, 1990, p. 20,
398:(divination festival once a year in Fatick), and the
668:, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International
161:. Though mainstream Muslims see Ahmadis as heretic.
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222:. The religious center of Mourides is the city of
1106:, Vol. 79, No. 316 (July 1980), pp. 327–342
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312:is equally represented, among others, by the
8:
677:Berkley Center, "Country Mapping: Senegal."
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368:– the supreme deity in Serer religion. The
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700:"The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity"
588:"Religions in Senegal 2020 | PEW-GRF"
364:) are adhered to by devout worshippers of
1001:(1996): 225–49. JSTOR. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
488:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:, a term referred to as "African Islam."
32:Religion in Senegal (PEW estimate, 2020)
613:
611:
1101:"'Après Senghor'--A Socialist Senegal?"
734:. Transcultural Islam Research Network.
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418:, some religious festivals include the
768:Priory in focus: Poponguine in Senegal
346:- representation of the university in
1117:The Journal of Modern African Studies
408:other sacred trees figure prominently
7:
1176:Traditional African religions portal
959:Canadian Journal of African Studies
647:. Stanford University Press, 1997.
247:is the dominant religion among the
666:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
68:. The majority of citizens follow
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1707:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1428:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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766:Brothers of Saint John website,
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115:, the spiritual beliefs of the
1099:Cox, Pamela; Kessler, Richard.
268:Our Lady of Victories Cathedral
875:University of California Press
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1336:Traditional African religions
1058:Journal of Religion in Africa
924:Journal of Religion in Africa
354:Traditional African religions
320:Traditional African religions
304:Orphelins Apprentis d'Auteuil
249:Lebanese community of Senegal
129:Traditional African religions
109:Traditional African religions
99:: Senegal" (2019 estimates),
664:Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009.
631:: Senegal" (2019 estimates)
563:Roman Catholicism in Senegal
434:Youth religiosity in Senegal
314:Protestant Church in Senegal
1488:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
1209:Traditional Berber religion
1112:Markovitz, Irving Leonard.
743:Leichtman, Mara A. (2015).
730:Leichtman, Mara A. (2016).
468:the claims made and adding
84:(principally Catholicism).
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1744:African diaspora religions
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180:village that has become a
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91:Major religions in Senegal
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1194:Ancient Egyptian religion
680:(retrieved 15 April 2024)
634:(retrieved 15 April 2024)
184:of Dakar. The founder is
1413:Central African Republic
1070:10.1163/157006609x436021
412:Serer creation narrative
1119:8.01 (1970): 73. Print.
802:La civilisation sereer,
553:Demographics of Senegal
386:the Serer lamanic class
198:, the home of marabout
182:commune d'arondissement
568:Religion in the Gambia
510:Changes in religiosity
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239:Abd al Qadir al-Jilani
228:Marabout Ahmadou Bamba
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1573:São Tomé and Príncipe
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324:Further information:
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80:), while 2% followed
1028:10.1353/at.2003.0106
846:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
186:Seydina Limamou Laye
1763:Religion in Senegal
1329:Serer creation myth
712:on October 24, 2012
519:. For example, the
392:(rite of passage),
330:Serer creation myth
18:Hinduism in Senegal
1773:Society of Senegal
1768:Culture of Senegal
1314:Malagasy mythology
1224:Bushongo mythology
1154:Religion in Africa
877:(2004), pp 53, 185
833:2019-09-25 at the
751:2019-12-15 at the
643:Conklin, Alice L.
629:CIA World Factbook
533:Islamic revivalism
453:possibly contains
370:Serer ethnic group
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58: Other (0.1%)
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1356:Zulu religion
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1259:Igbo religion
1257:
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1189:Akan religion
1187:
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1163:
1159:
1155:
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937:
933:
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912:
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896:
892:
888:
887:Sarr, Alioune
883:
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867:
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842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
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815:
814:2-7236-1055-1
811:
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790:
787:
786:0-660-15965-1
783:
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653:0-8047-2999-9
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541:
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531:in the 1990s
528:
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492:
489:
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478:December 2013
471:
467:
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451:This article
449:
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405:
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400:Raan festival
397:
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355:
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317:
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311:
310:Protestantism
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71:
67:
51:
41:
33:
27:
19:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1647:Dependencies
1598:South Africa
1588:Sierra Leone
1577:
1393:Burkina Faso
1229:Christianity
1199:Baháʼí Faith
1116:
1103:
1061:
1057:
1019:
1016:Africa Today
1015:
998:
995:
987:
962:
958:
952:
927:
923:
902:
882:
869:
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820:
805:
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792:
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761:
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739:
726:
714:. Retrieved
707:the original
694:
685:
673:
665:
660:
644:
639:
624:
596:
582:
537:
529:
525:
521:Y'en a Marre
513:
499:
484:
475:
452:
414:. Among the
393:
361:
352:
343:
308:
303:
281:
274:landmark in
259:Christianity
243:
232:
213:
190:
171:
156:
149:A mosque in
117:Serer people
94:
86:
82:Christianity
63:
50:Christianity
31:
26:
1603:South Sudan
1346:Waaqeffanna
540:West Africa
416:Jola people
404:Baobab tree
292:Saint-Louis
151:Saint-Louis
127:Islam with
74:Sunni Islam
1757:Categories
1742:See also:
1733:(Tanzania)
1720:Somaliland
1713:St. Helena
1677:(Portugal)
1652:autonomies
1583:Seychelles
1543:Mozambique
1528:Mauritania
1513:Madagascar
1468:The Gambia
1408:Cape Verde
1264:Irreligion
863:0761444815
574:References
462:improve it
374:syncretize
362:A ƭat Roog
245:Shia Islam
208:Oumar Tall
204:Baye Niass
125:syncretise
1533:Mauritius
1161:Religions
1078:144659380
1036:144635330
466:verifying
376:) honour
356:like the
342:The star
284:Casamance
272:Christian
235:Qadiriyya
200:Malick Sy
159:Ahmadiyya
105:Christian
1731:Zanzibar
1702:(France)
1694:Puntland
1683:(France)
1638:Zimbabwe
1613:Tanzania
1458:Ethiopia
1453:Eswatini
1433:Djibouti
1403:Cameroon
1388:Botswana
1254:Hinduism
1219:Buddhism
831:Archived
749:Archived
655:. p. 27.
547:See also
426:and the
382:Saltigue
253:Mozdahir
196:Tivouane
192:Tijanism
111:such as
72:(mainly
1700:Réunion
1689:(Spain)
1687:Melilla
1681:Mayotte
1675:Madeira
1671:(Spain)
1665:(Spain)
1623:Tunisia
1593:Somalia
1578:Senegal
1558:Nigeria
1548:Namibia
1538:Morocco
1503:Liberia
1498:Lesotho
1448:Eritrea
1423:Comoros
1398:Burundi
1373:Algeria
1284:Judaism
1279:Jainism
944:1581799
806:Pangool
716:June 2,
503:Tabaski
460:Please
410:in the
334:Pangool
216:Mouride
174:Layenes
66:Senegal
42:(96.6%)
1633:Zambia
1628:Uganda
1568:Rwanda
1518:Malawi
1478:Guinea
1378:Angola
1076:
1034:
979:485240
977:
942:
895:Saloum
861:
812:
784:
651:
428:Niasse
344:Yoonir
332:, and
167:Ouakam
163:Sufism
121:Gambia
56:
52:(3.3%)
48:
46:
38:
36:
1669:Ceuta
1654:, and
1608:Sudan
1553:Niger
1508:Libya
1493:Kenya
1473:Ghana
1463:Gabon
1438:Egypt
1383:Benin
1269:Islam
1089:Notes
1074:S2CID
1032:S2CID
975:JSTOR
940:JSTOR
710:(PDF)
703:(PDF)
424:Kumpo
420:Samay
288:Dakar
276:Dakar
224:Touba
178:Lebou
135:Islam
101:Islam
78:Serer
70:Islam
40:Islam
1715:(UK)
1618:Togo
1523:Mali
1418:Chad
891:Sine
859:ISBN
810:ISBN
782:ISBN
718:2014
649:ISBN
395:Xooy
390:Ndut
366:Roog
290:and
233:The
214:The
172:The
1066:doi
1024:doi
967:doi
932:doi
464:by
1759::
1072:.
1062:39
1060:.
1044:^
1030:.
1020:46
1018:.
1006:^
973:.
963:29
961:.
938:.
928:30
926:.
914:^
800:,
610:^
430:.
422:,
328:,
316:.
306:.
278:.
255:.
169:.
1649:,
1146:e
1139:t
1132:v
1080:.
1068::
1038:.
1026::
999:8
981:.
969::
946:.
934::
893:-
796:*
720:.
604:.
590:.
491:)
485:(
480:)
476:(
458:.
360:(
153:.
20:)
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